Intelligent maintenance-free energy storage PACK control circuit and method

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent maintenance-free energy storage PACK control circuit and method, the intelligent maintenance-free energy storage PACK control circuit comprises a controller and a plurality of main battery PACKs, and at least one standby battery is arranged corresponding to each main battery PACK; the main battery and the normally-closed switches at the two ends of the main battery form a first unit; the two ends of the standby battery are electrically connected with normally-open switches in series respectively. The standby battery and the normally-open switches at the two ends of the standby battery form a second unit. The first unit and the second unit are arranged in parallel; the controller is electrically connected with the main battery through a voltage sampling circuit and controls on-off switching of the normally-closed switch and the normally-open switch so that the standby battery can replace the main battery with the abnormal voltage in the main battery PACK. The standby battery and the main battery have the same specification. The system is maintenance-free, and the operation and maintenance cost is reduced; battery damage and damage caused by active equalization and passive equalization are reduced, misoperation is prevented, and operation is safe and reliable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, and in particular to an intelligent maintenance-free energy storage PACK control circuit and method. Background Technology

[0002] Energy storage packs (lithium-ion battery packs) are mainly composed of series, parallel, and hybrid connections. However, due to factors such as manufacturing processes, batteries exhibit certain differences in capacity and other aspects at the time of manufacture. This inconsistency increases the probability of potential battery problems, directly affecting battery performance and lifespan. To address the issue of battery pack inconsistency, battery balancing technology has emerged. Achieving rapid battery pack balancing and reducing energy consumption during the balancing process are currently among the main research directions.

[0003] The drawback of passive balancing is that it consumes the energy of high-voltage cells through resistance heating, resulting in additional energy consumption.

[0004] The drawback of active balancing is that while a high-voltage battery charges a low-voltage battery, the pulse current generated by frequent switching of the balancing circuit can cause stress changes in the electrode materials, which may lead to lithium deposition or SEI film damage in the long run, reducing battery cycle life. In practical applications, the conversion efficiency of devices such as transformers / inductors is usually below 95%, and the cumulative loss from multiple energy transfers can reach 10%-15%.

[0005] Definitions: Battery Pack: also known as battery pack. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention proposes an intelligent maintenance-free energy storage PACK control circuit and method.

[0007] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A smart maintenance-free energy storage PACK control circuit includes a controller and several main battery PACKs, with at least one backup battery aB set for each main battery PACK; The main battery pack consists of multiple interconnected main batteries connected by a series circuit. Each main battery has a normally closed switch connected in series at both ends. The main batteries and the normally closed switches at both ends of the main batteries form the first unit. The two ends of the backup battery aB are connected in series with normally open switches, and the backup battery aB and the normally open switches at both ends of the backup battery aB form a second unit. The second unit is connected in parallel with each of the first units via a relay circuit; the controller is electrically connected to the main battery via a voltage sampling circuit and controls the opening and closing of the normally closed switch and the normally open switch so that the backup battery aB replaces the main battery in the main battery PACK with abnormal voltage; the backup battery aB has the same specifications as the main battery. The two ends of the main battery are also electrically connected to the charging device through normally open control switches to form a closed circuit; the controller controls the opening and closing of the normally open control switch and the normally closed switch to charge the main battery with abnormal voltage individually or to charge the entire main battery pack together.

[0008] In a further improvement, the normally closed switch includes a first normally closed contact 1KM1 and a second normally closed contact 1KM2 of the contactor; The normally open switch includes a first normally open backup contact aKM1 of the backup contactor and a second normally open backup contact aKM2 of the backup contactor; The normally open control switch includes the fourth normally open contact 1KM4 and the fifth normally open contact 1KM5 of the contactor.

[0009] Further improvements include that each main battery pack contains n main batteries, and each main battery is equipped with a controller and a relay. Wherein, the positive terminal of the j-th main battery is electrically connected to one end of the first long closed contact of the j-th contactor in the series circuit, and the negative terminal is electrically connected to one end of the second normally closed contact of the j-th contactor in the series circuit; j≤n, n≥3; The other end of the fourth normally open contact of the j-th contactor and the other end of the fifth normally open contact of the j-th contactor are electrically connected to the two ends of the DC of the charging module through the zero-level charging module switch IMC-BAT to form a closed circuit. The positive terminal of the backup battery aB is electrically connected to one end of the first backup normally open contact aKM1 of the backup contactor, and the negative terminal is electrically connected to one end of the second backup normally open contact aKM2 of the backup contactor. The relay circuit includes a first wire and a second wire; the other end of the first spare normally open contact aKM1 is electrically connected to one end of the first normally open contact of n relays through the first wire, and the other end of the second spare normally open contact aKM2 is electrically connected to one end of the second normally open contact of n relays through the second wire; wherein, the other end of the first normally open contact of the j-th relay is electrically connected to the other end of the first normally closed contact of the j-th contactor, and the other end of the second normally open contact of the j-th relay is electrically connected to the other end of the second normally closed contact of the j-th contactor and the other end of the first normally open contact of the (j+1)-th relay; The other end of the first spare normally open contact aKM1 and the other end of the second spare normally open contact aKM2 are electrically connected to the two ends of the DC of the charging module through the first charging module switch IMC-BAT1 to form a closed circuit. The controller includes an L line and an N line; a miniature circuit breaker QA is installed on the L line and the N line; the L line is electrically connected to one end of n first normally open control switches, one end of the fourth normally open contact 1KM4 of n contactors, one end of the spare contact control switch IMC-a, one end of the fourth spare normally open contact aKM4 of the spare contactor, one end of n second normally open control switches IMC-Xn, the fourth control switch 1KA4 of n relays and the L terminal of the controller power supply IMC-AC; The other end of the j-th first normally open control switch and the other end of the fourth normally open contact of the j-th contactor are both electrically connected to one end of the j-th first normally closed control switch. The other end of the j-th first normally closed control switch is electrically connected to one end of the contactor coil of the j-th contactor. The other end of the contactor coil of the j-th contactor is electrically connected to the N line. The other end of the backup contact control switch IMC-a and the other end of the fourth backup normally open contact aKM4 of the backup contactor are both electrically connected to one end of the backup normally closed control switch IMC-aa. The other end of the backup normally closed control switch IMC-aa is electrically connected to one end of the backup contactor coil aKM6 of the backup contactor. The other end of the backup contactor coil aKM6 is electrically connected to the N line. The other end of the j-th second normally open control switch IMC-Xj and the other end of the fourth control switch of the j-th relay are both electrically connected to one end of the j-th third normally closed control switch. The other end of the third normally closed control switch is electrically connected to one end of the relay coil of the j-th relay, and the other end of the relay coil is electrically connected to the N line.

[0010] In a further improvement, there are at least two second units, each of which is connected in parallel with each of the first units via its own relay circuit.

[0011] A control method for an intelligent maintenance-free energy storage PACK control circuit includes a maintenance-free mode and exiting the maintenance-free mode; The maintenance-free mode involves the following steps: Step 1: Measure the voltage of each main battery in the i-th main battery PACK during the charging and discharging process. When the voltage difference between the j-th main battery and the voltage of more than 50% of the main batteries is greater than the preset threshold, the j-th main battery is determined to be a faulty battery. Step 2: The controller controls the j-th normally open control switch to close, and the contactor coil of the j-th contactor is turned on, so that the first normally closed contact and the second normally closed contact of the j-th contactor are both changed from normally closed to normally open, thus isolating the j-th main battery; at the same time, the fourth and fifth normally open contacts of the j-th contactor are also changed from normally open to normally closed. Step 3: The controller controls the backup contact control switch IMC-a to close, and the backup contactor coil aKM6 is turned on, which in turn causes the fourth backup normally open contact aKM4, the first backup normally open contact aKM1, and the second backup normally open contact aKM2 of the backup contactor to all close. After the backup contact control switch IMC-a closes at the end of the action pulse, the backup contactor coil aKM6 is continuously energized, causing the fourth backup normally open contact aKM4, the first backup normally open contact aKM1, and the second backup normally open contact aKM2 of the backup contactor to change from normally open to normally closed, and the i-th main battery is in the pre-working state. Step 4: The controller closes the j-th normally open control switch IMC-Xj, energizing the coil of the j-th relay, causing the fourth control switch, first normally open contact, and second normally open contact of the j-th relay to close. At this time, the backup battery aB replaces the j-th main battery. After the action pulse of the second normally open control switch IMC-Xj ends, the relay coil remains energized, causing the fourth control switch, first normally open contact, and second normally open contact to change from normally open to normally closed. Step 5: After the backup battery aB replaces the j-th main battery, control the zero-charge module switch IMC-BAT to close and charge the j-th main battery. Step 6: The controller charges all main batteries except the j-th main battery using mains power. Once all batteries are fully charged, the j-th main battery is also fully charged. The controller then detects the voltage difference between the j-th main battery and the other main batteries. If the difference is less than a preset threshold, the controller exits the maintenance-free mode; otherwise, it maintains the maintenance-free mode. The steps to exit maintenance-free mode are as follows: S1. The backup normally closed control switch IMC-aa of the controller is opened, the backup contactor coil aKM6 is de-energized, the first backup normally open contact aKM1 and the second backup normally open contact aKM2 are both opened, and the backup battery aB is separated from other main batteries. S2. When the j-th normally closed control switch is opened, the contactor coil of the j-th contactor is de-energized, and the first normally closed contact and the second normally closed contact of the j-th contactor change from normally open to normally closed. The fourth normally open contact and the fifth normally open contact of the j-th contactor also change from normally closed to normally open. S3. The controller controls the j-th normally closed control switch to open, the contactor coil of the j-th contactor to be de-energized, and the fourth and fifth normally open contacts of the j-th contactor to open, changing from normally closed to normally open; the first normally closed contact and the second normally closed contact of the j-th contactor to change from normally open to normally closed.

[0012] A further improvement is to number the second units when there are multiple second units. If multiple faulty batteries are detected in step one, then according to the numbering order of the second unit, first perform steps two to five on the first faulty battery, so that the first spare battery of the second unit replaces the first faulty battery; then perform steps two to five on the second faulty battery, so that the second spare battery of the second unit replaces the second faulty battery; repeat this process until all faulty batteries have been replaced.

[0013] As a further improvement, the preset threshold is 80mv.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. It requires no maintenance, reducing operation and maintenance costs; 2. Reduce battery damage and harm caused by active and passive balancing.

[0015] 3. It has anti-misoperation features, ensuring safe and reliable operation. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the contents of the drawings do not constitute any limitation on the invention.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main circuit of Example 1; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the control circuit for Example 1; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main circuit of Example 2; Figure 4 This is a control circuit that is added to the control circuit of Example 1 in Example 2. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the purpose, technical solution, and advantages of the invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0019] The technical solution can be divided into the following aspects: A battery pack consists of individual lithium-ion cells connected in series. When the voltage and internal resistance of one cell differ from the others, the energy distribution between the cells becomes unbalanced during charging and discharging. When one cell is fully charged or over-discharged, the BMS (Battery Management System) forcibly shuts down the output, resulting in energy waste and instability. Structural form: In the case of the original batteries connected in series, DC contactor normally closed contacts 1~nKM1 and 1~nKM2 are added to both ends of the battery cell. They are closed when the battery pack is running normally. The battery is changed from a unit to a single battery, with one normally closed contact 1~nKM1 and 1~nKM2 at the front and back.

[0020] Example 1

[0021] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 The diagram shows the setting of a backup battery aB.

[0022] Maintenance-free method 1 We assume that when the intelligent maintenance-free controller (i.e., the controller) acquires the voltage of the first battery through the acquisition unit IMC-CJ and the voltages of other groups are unbalanced: 1. The core unit of the intelligent maintenance-free controller, IMC-HX, determines that the voltage difference between the first main battery 1B and other main batteries exceeds 80mV. Upon activation, the corresponding first normally open control switch IMC-1 in the intelligent maintenance-free control unit closes its normally open contact, completing the circuit and energizing the contactor coil 1KM6. The fourth normally open contact 1KM4 of the contactor changes from normally open to normally closed. After the activation pulse of the first normally open control switch IMC-1 ends, the circuit remains open, and the contactor coil 1KM6 remains continuously energized. The first and second normally closed contacts of the contactor change from normally closed to normally open, at which point the first main battery 1B becomes independent of the other batteries.

[0023] 2. The core unit IMC-HX of the intelligent maintenance-free controller collects and compares the voltage of each cell in the battery pack through the acquisition unit IMC-CJ. If the voltage difference between the first battery string and the other strings is greater than 80mV, the backup contact control switch IMC-a in the intelligent maintenance-free control unit activates, closing its normally open contact and connecting the circuit. This energizes the contactor coil aKM6 of the backup contactor, causing the fourth backup normally open contact aKM4 of the backup contactor to change from normally open to normally closed. After the activation pulse of the backup contact control switch IMC-a in the intelligent maintenance-free control unit ends, the circuit remains open. The backup contactor coil aKM6 of the backup contactor remains continuously energized. The normally closed contacts of the first backup normally open contact aKM1 and the second backup normally open contact aKM2 of the backup contactor change from normally open to normally closed, and the backup battery is in the test position (pre-operation state). 3. The core unit IMC-HX of the intelligent maintenance-free controller collects and compares the voltage of each cell in the battery pack through the acquisition unit IMC-CJ. If the voltage difference between the first battery string and the other strings is greater than 80mV, the first normally open control switch IMC-X1 in the intelligent maintenance-free control unit activates, closing its normally open contact and completing the circuit. This energizes the relay coil 1KA6 of the first relay, and the fourth control switch 1KA4 of the first relay changes from normally open to normally closed. After the pulse of the first normally open control switch IMC-X1 in the intelligent maintenance-free control unit ends, the circuit remains open, and the relay coil 1KA6 remains continuously energized. The first normally open contact 1KA1 and the second normally open contact 1KA2 of the first relay change from normally open to normally closed. At this time, the backup battery aB forms a series circuit with the other batteries.

[0024] Upon receiving a battery replacement signal, the core unit IMC-HX of the intelligent maintenance-free controller changes the first charging module switch IMC-BAT1 from normally open to normally closed, activating the charging circuit. Backup battery 1B enters charging mode and, once fully charged, is left to rest. The core unit IMC-HX then compares the voltage of each cell in the battery pack with the voltage data acquired by the IMC-CJ acquisition unit, determining that the voltage difference between the first cell and other cells is greater than 80mV. If the voltage difference between the first battery cell and the other cells in the series is determined to be greater than 80mV, then the current state will remain unchanged.

[0025] If the value is less than 80mv, then exit maintenance-free mode. Exiting maintenance-free mode using method 1 1. The core unit of the intelligent maintenance-free controller, IMC-HX, determines that the voltage difference between the first battery and its main battery is less than 80mV. Upon this determination, the backup normally closed control switch (IMC-aa) of the intelligent maintenance-free controller opens, aKM6 is de-energized, and both aKM1 and the second backup normally open contact aKM2 change from normally closed to normally open. The backup battery aB is then isolated from the other main batteries. 2. When the first normally closed control switch IMC-F1 changes from normally closed to normally open, the circuit is broken, causing contactor coil 1KM6 to de-energize and contactor 1KA4 to change from normally closed to normally open. After the IMC-F1 action pulse in the intelligent maintenance-free control unit ends, the circuit self-locks and disconnects. 1KA6 remains de-energized. The normally closed contacts of 1KA1 and 1KA2 change from normally closed to normally open.

[0026] At this point, the backup battery aB is completely independent of the other batteries.

[0027] 3. When the first normally closed control switch IMC-E1 of the controller is activated, the normally closed contact changes from normally closed to normally open, the contactor coil 1KM6 is de-energized, and the normally open contact 1KM4 of the contactor changes from normally closed to normally open. After the IMC-E1 activation pulse ends, the circuit is disconnected, and the normally closed contacts 1KM1 and 1KM2 of the contactor main contacts change from normally open to normally closed. Battery aB is in series with other battery strings.

[0028] Example 2

[0029] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, two backup batteries can be set, and similarly, three or more backup batteries can be set to replace multiple faulty main batteries. Furthermore, the backup and main batteries can be replaced with battery strings of the same specifications, such as two-battery strings or three-battery strings.

[0030] Anti-misoperation function: Because contactor coil 1KM6 is energized, 1KM1 and 1KM2 are open, and 1KM4 and 1KM5 are closed, only battery 1B in the 1~nB series is charging; the others are not connected. 2~nKM4 and 2~nKM5 are both normally open, representing different normally open and normally closed contacts to prevent malfunctions that could cause safety issues. When batteries 1B and bB are both connected, the power supply charges batteries 1B and nB, while the others are unaffected, preventing safety accidents.

[0031] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart, maintenance-free energy storage PACK control circuit, characterized in that, It includes a controller and several main battery packs, with at least one backup battery (aB) for each main battery pack. The main battery pack consists of multiple interconnected main batteries connected by a series circuit. Each main battery has a normally closed switch connected in series at both ends. The main batteries and the normally closed switches at both ends of the main batteries form the first unit. A normally open switch is connected in series at both ends of the backup battery (aB). The backup battery (aB) and the normally open switch at both ends of the backup battery (aB) form a second unit. The second unit is connected in parallel with each of the first units via a relay circuit; the controller is electrically connected to the main battery via a voltage sampling circuit and controls the opening and closing of the normally closed switch and the normally open switch so that the backup battery (aB) replaces the main battery in the main battery PACK with abnormal voltage; the backup battery (aB) has the same specifications as the main battery. The two ends of the main battery are also electrically connected to the charging device through normally open control switches to form a closed circuit; the controller controls the opening and closing of the normally open control switch and the normally closed switch to charge the main battery with abnormal voltage individually or to charge the entire main battery pack together.

2. The intelligent maintenance-free energy storage PACK control circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The normally closed switch includes the first normally closed contact (1KM1) and the second normally closed contact (1KM2) of the contactor. The normally open switch includes a first spare normally open contact (aKM1) of the spare contactor and a second spare normally open contact (aKM2) of the spare contactor. The normally open control switch includes the fourth normally open contact (1KM4) and the fifth normally open contact (1KM5) of the contactor.

3. The intelligent maintenance-free energy storage PACK control circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Each main battery pack includes n main batteries, and each main battery is equipped with a controller and a relay. Wherein, the positive terminal of the j-th main battery is electrically connected to one end of the first long closed contact of the j-th contactor in the series circuit, and the negative terminal is electrically connected to one end of the second normally closed contact of the j-th contactor in the series circuit; j≤n, n≥3; The other end of the fourth normally open contact of the j-th contactor and the other end of the fifth normally open contact of the j-th contactor are electrically connected to the two ends of the charging module (DC) through the zero-th charging module switch (IMC-BAT) to form a closed circuit; The positive terminal of the backup battery (aB) is electrically connected to one end of the first backup normally open contact (aKM1) of the backup contactor, and the negative terminal is electrically connected to one end of the second backup normally open contact (aKM2) of the backup contactor. The relay circuit includes a first wire and a second wire; the other end of the first spare normally open contact (aKM1) is electrically connected to one end of the first normally open contact of each of the n relays via the first wire, and the other end of the second spare normally open contact (aKM2) is electrically connected to one end of the second normally open contact of each of the n relays via the second wire; wherein, the other end of the first normally open contact of the j-th relay is electrically connected to the other end of the first normally closed contact of the j-th contactor, and the other end of the second normally open contact of the j-th relay is electrically connected to the other end of the second normally closed contact of the j-th contactor and the other end of the first normally open contact of the (j+1)-th relay; The other end of the first spare normally open contact (aKM1) and the other end of the second spare normally open contact (aKM2) are electrically connected to the two ends of the charging module (DC) through the first charging module switch (IMC-BAT1) to form a closed circuit. The controller includes an L line and an N line; a miniature circuit breaker (QA) is installed on the L line and the N line; the L line is electrically connected to one end of n first normally open control switches, one end of the fourth normally open contact (1KM4) of n contactors, one end of the spare contact control switch (IMC-a), one end of the fourth spare normally open contact (aKM4) of the spare contactor, one end of n second normally open control switches (IMC-Xn), the fourth control switch (1KA4) of n relays, and the L terminal of the controller power supply (IMC-AC); The other end of the j-th first normally open control switch and the other end of the fourth normally open contact of the j-th contactor are both electrically connected to one end of the j-th first normally closed control switch. The other end of the j-th first normally closed control switch is electrically connected to one end of the contactor coil of the j-th contactor. The other end of the contactor coil of the j-th contactor is electrically connected to the N line. The other end of the backup contact control switch (IMC-a) and the other end of the fourth backup normally open contact (aKM4) of the backup contactor are both electrically connected to one end of the backup normally closed control switch (IMC-aa). The other end of the backup normally closed control switch (IMC-aa) is electrically connected to one end of the backup contactor coil (aKM6) of the backup contactor. The other end of the backup contactor coil (aKM6) is electrically connected to the N line. The other end of the j-th second normally open control switch (IMC-Xj) and the other end of the fourth control switch of the j-th relay are both electrically connected to one end of the j-th third normally closed control switch. The other end of the third normally closed control switch is electrically connected to one end of the relay coil of the j-th relay, and the other end of the relay coil is electrically connected to the N line.

4. The intelligent maintenance-free energy storage PACK control circuit as described in claim 3, characterized in that, There are at least two second units, and each second unit is connected in parallel with each first unit through its own relay circuit.

5. A control method for the intelligent maintenance-free energy storage PACK control circuit as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Includes maintenance-free mode and exiting maintenance-free mode; The maintenance-free mode involves the following steps: Step 1: Measure the voltage of each main battery in the i-th main battery PACK during the charging and discharging process. When the voltage difference between the j-th main battery and the voltage of more than 50% of the main batteries is greater than the preset threshold, the j-th main battery is determined to be a faulty battery. Step 2: The controller controls the j-th normally open control switch to close, and the contactor coil of the j-th contactor is turned on, so that the first normally closed contact and the second normally closed contact of the j-th contactor are both changed from normally closed to normally open, thus isolating the j-th main battery; at the same time, the fourth and fifth normally open contacts of the j-th contactor are also changed from normally open to normally closed. Step 3: The controller controls the backup contact control switch (IMC-a) to close, and the backup contactor coil (aKM6) is turned on, which in turn causes the fourth backup normally open contact (aKM4), the first backup normally open contact (aKM1), and the second backup normally open contact (aKM2) of the backup contactor to all close. After the backup contact control switch (IMC-a) closes at the end of the action pulse, the backup contactor coil (aKM6) is continuously energized, causing the fourth backup normally open contact (aKM4), the first backup normally open contact (aKM1), and the second backup normally open contact (aKM2) of the backup contactor to change from normally open to normally closed, and the i-th main battery is in the pre-working state. Step 4: The controller closes the j-th normally open control switch (IMC-Xj), energizing the coil of the j-th relay, causing the fourth control switch, first normally open contact, and second normally open contact of the j-th relay to close. At this time, the backup battery (aB) replaces the j-th main battery. After the action pulse of the second normally open control switch (IMC-Xj) ends, the relay coil remains energized, causing the fourth control switch, first normally open contact, and second normally open contact to change from normally open to normally closed. Step 5: After the backup battery (aB) replaces the j-th main battery, it controls the zero-th charging module switch (IMC-BAT) to close and charge the j-th main battery. Step 6: The controller charges all main batteries except the j-th main battery using mains power. Once all batteries are fully charged, the j-th main battery is also fully charged. The controller then detects the voltage difference between the j-th main battery and the other main batteries. If the difference is less than a preset threshold, the controller exits the maintenance-free mode; otherwise, it maintains the maintenance-free mode. The steps to exit maintenance-free mode are as follows: S1. The backup normally closed control switch (IMC-aa) of the controller is opened, the backup contactor coil (aKM6) is de-energized, the first backup normally open contact (aKM1) and the second backup normally open contact (aKM2) are both opened, and the backup battery (aB) is in a separated state from other main batteries. S2. When the j-th normally closed control switch is opened, the contactor coil of the j-th contactor is de-energized, and the first normally closed contact and the second normally closed contact of the j-th contactor change from normally open to normally closed. The fourth normally open contact and the fifth normally open contact of the j-th contactor also change from normally closed to normally open. S3. The controller controls the j-th normally closed control switch to open, the contactor coil of the j-th contactor to be de-energized, and the fourth and fifth normally open contacts of the j-th contactor to open, changing from normally closed to normally open; the first normally closed contact and the second normally closed contact of the j-th contactor to change from normally open to normally closed.

6. The control method for the intelligent maintenance-free energy storage PACK control circuit as described in claim 5, characterized in that, When there are multiple second units, the second units shall be numbered. If multiple faulty batteries are detected in step one, then according to the numbering order of the second unit, first perform steps two to five on the first faulty battery, so that the first spare battery of the second unit replaces the first faulty battery; then perform steps two to five on the second faulty battery, so that the second spare battery of the second unit replaces the second faulty battery; repeat this process until all faulty batteries have been replaced.

7. The control method for the intelligent maintenance-free energy storage PACK control circuit as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The preset threshold is 80mv.

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