Photovoltaic module, photovoltaic array, power generation system, flash test method and fault processing method

Abstract

The invention provides a photovoltaic module, a photovoltaic array, a power generation system, a flash test method and a fault processing method, and relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation. In the photovoltaic module, a first output electrode of a module control circuit is electrically connected with a first output terminal, a common electrode of the module control circuit is electrically connected with a second output terminal, and the common electrode is fixedly and electrically connected with a third output electrode of a photovoltaic panel; the first wiring terminal is electrically connected with a first input electrode of the photovoltaic panel, and the second wiring terminal is electrically connected with a second output electrode of the photovoltaic panel; and the cost of the cable and the structure part can be effectively reduced. Moreover, under a normal condition, the first wiring terminal and the second wiring terminal are in a connection state, so that the photovoltaic panel realizes external output through the assembly control circuit and the two output terminals. Under special working conditions, the first wiring terminal and the second wiring terminal are in a disconnected state, so that the photovoltaic panel realizes external output directly through the second wiring terminal and the second output terminal, and the application flexibility of the photovoltaic module is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic module, photovoltaic array, power generation system, flash test method and fault handling method. Background Technology

[0002] In the photovoltaic power generation field, with the increasing need for more refined and intelligent management of photovoltaic modules, the application of smart photovoltaic modules is gradually increasing. Traditional smart photovoltaic modules involve connecting a separate module control circuit to the outside of the photovoltaic panel to achieve functions such as monitoring the operation of the photovoltaic panel, safety shutdown, and power optimization. This solution decouples multiple devices and simplifies the design; however, it results in redundant designs in cables, terminals, and structural components, leading to higher costs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above problems, this disclosure provides a photovoltaic module, photovoltaic array, power generation system, flash testing method, and fault handling method to reduce costs and improve application flexibility. The specific solution is as follows:

[0004] This disclosure provides a photovoltaic module, comprising: a photovoltaic panel, a module control circuit, a first output terminal, a second output terminal, a first wiring terminal, and a second wiring terminal; wherein:

[0005] The component control circuit includes a first input terminal, a first output terminal, and a common terminal; the first input terminal and the first output terminal are of the same polarity, and the first input terminal and the common terminal are of opposite polarity; the component control circuit is used to control the electrical energy transmitted from the first input terminal to the first output terminal.

[0006] The photovoltaic panel includes a second output electrode and a third output electrode, wherein the second output electrode has the same polarity as the first input electrode, and the third output electrode has the same polarity as the common electrode;

[0007] The first output electrode is electrically connected to the first output terminal, the common electrode is electrically connected to the second output terminal, and the common electrode is fixedly electrically connected to the third output electrode;

[0008] The first input electrode is electrically connected to the first terminal block, and the second output electrode is electrically connected to the second terminal block; the first terminal block and the second terminal block are adapted to be connected.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the first input terminal is the positive terminal, the first output terminal is the positive terminal, the common terminal is the common negative terminal, the second output terminal is the positive terminal of the photovoltaic panel, and the third output terminal is the negative terminal of the photovoltaic panel; the component control circuit is a common negative terminal circuit.

[0010] Alternatively, the first input terminal is the negative terminal, the first output terminal is the negative terminal, the common terminal is the common positive terminal, the second output terminal is the negative terminal of the photovoltaic panel, and the third output terminal is the positive terminal of the photovoltaic panel; the component control circuit is a common positive terminal circuit.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the photovoltaic panel includes: a photovoltaic sub-string; the positive terminal of the photovoltaic sub-string is connected to the positive terminal of the photovoltaic panel, and the negative terminal of the photovoltaic sub-string is connected to the negative terminal of the photovoltaic panel;

[0012] Alternatively, the photovoltaic panel may include: at least two photovoltaic sub-strings connected in series; the positive terminal of the branch after each photovoltaic sub-string is connected to the positive terminal of the photovoltaic panel, and the negative terminal of the branch after each photovoltaic sub-string is connected to the negative terminal of the photovoltaic panel.

[0013] In one possible implementation, when the photovoltaic panel includes at least two photovoltaic sub-strings connected in series, the photovoltaic module further includes: at least one first bypass diode;

[0014] The first bypass diode is connected to one photovoltaic sub-string in the photovoltaic panel, excluding the side photovoltaic sub-string; the side photovoltaic sub-string is the photovoltaic sub-string connected to the common electrode;

[0015] The positive terminal of the first bypass diode is connected to the negative terminal of the corresponding photovoltaic sub-string, and the negative terminal of the first bypass diode is connected to the positive terminal of the corresponding photovoltaic sub-string.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the photovoltaic module further includes a second bypass diode;

[0017] The positive terminal of the second bypass diode is connected to the negative terminal of the side photovoltaic sub-string, and the negative terminal of the second bypass diode is connected to the positive terminal of the side photovoltaic sub-string; the side photovoltaic sub-string is a photovoltaic sub-string connected to the common terminal.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the second bypass diode and the component control circuit are disposed in the same housing of the photovoltaic module, or respectively disposed in different housings of the photovoltaic module.

[0019] In one possible implementation, when the photovoltaic panel is in a flash test state or the photovoltaic module is in a fault state, the first terminal and the second terminal are disconnected, and the second terminal and the second output terminal are respectively configured to achieve external connection.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the component control circuit is any one of the following: an intelligent monitoring module, an intelligent shutdown module, and an intelligent optimization module.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the intelligent monitoring module includes: a current acquisition module and a first capacitor; the current acquisition module is disposed between the first input terminal and the first output terminal, and the first capacitor is connected between the first input terminal and the common terminal;

[0022] Alternatively, the intelligent monitoring module may include: a current acquisition module, a first capacitor, and a voltage acquisition module; the current acquisition module is connected between the first input terminal and the first output terminal, the first capacitor is connected between the first input terminal and the common terminal, and the voltage acquisition module is connected between the first input terminal and the common terminal.

[0023] In one possible implementation, the intelligent shutdown module includes: a first controllable switch, a first diode, and a second capacitor;

[0024] The first controllable switch is connected between the first input terminal and the first output terminal;

[0025] The positive terminal of the first diode is connected to the negative terminal of the first output terminal and the common terminal, and the negative terminal of the first diode is connected to the positive terminal of the first output terminal and the common terminal.

[0026] The second capacitor is connected between the first input terminal and the common terminal.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the intelligent optimization module includes: a DC / DC conversion circuit;

[0028] The input and output common terminals of the DC / DC converter circuit are connected to the common terminal.

[0029] The other terminal of the DC / DC converter circuit is connected to the first input terminal;

[0030] The other terminal of the DC / DC converter circuit is connected to the first output terminal.

[0031] A second aspect of this disclosure provides a photovoltaic array, comprising: at least one photovoltaic subarray;

[0032] The photovoltaic subarray includes at least one photovoltaic string;

[0033] The photovoltaic string includes at least one photovoltaic module as described in the first aspect or any implementation thereof.

[0034] In one possible implementation, the photovoltaic array further includes: an external control box;

[0035] The input terminal of the external control box is connected to the photovoltaic module when the component control box is in a fault state;

[0036] The output of the external control box is connected in series to the photovoltaic string containing the photovoltaic module to which it is connected.

[0037] A third aspect of this disclosure provides a power generation system, comprising: at least one power converter, and a photovoltaic array as described in the second aspect or any implementation thereof;

[0038] Each photovoltaic string in the photovoltaic array is connected to the corresponding DC-side interface of the power converter.

[0039] The AC side interface of the power converter is used to connect to the power grid and / or load.

[0040] The fourth aspect of this disclosure provides a flash testing method, comprising:

[0041] When the first and second terminals of the photovoltaic module are disconnected, and the second terminal and the second output terminal of the photovoltaic module are respectively connected to the corresponding input terminals of the flash test equipment, illumination is provided to the photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic module; wherein, the first terminal is connected to the first input terminal of the module control circuit in the photovoltaic module, the second terminal is connected to the second output terminal of the photovoltaic panel, and the first terminal and the second terminal are adapted to each other; the first output terminal of the photovoltaic module is electrically connected to the first output terminal of the photovoltaic panel, the second output terminal is electrically connected to the common terminal of the photovoltaic panel, and the common terminal is fixedly electrically connected to the third output terminal of the photovoltaic panel; the first input terminal, the first output terminal, and the second output terminal are of the same polarity, and the first input terminal is opposite to the common terminal and the third output terminal;

[0042] The IV data of the photovoltaic panel is obtained through the flash testing equipment.

[0043] The fifth aspect of this disclosure provides a fault handling method, including:

[0044] In response to a fault state of the photovoltaic module, an alarm signal is output; the alarm signal is used to indicate that the first terminal and the second terminal of the photovoltaic module are adjusted to be in an open state; wherein, the first terminal is connected to the first input terminal of the module control circuit in the photovoltaic module, the second terminal is connected to the second output terminal of the photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic module, the first terminal and the second terminal are adapted to be connected, and the first input terminal and the second output terminal are of the same polarity;

[0045] In response to the operation command after fault handling, the photovoltaic module realizes the external output of the photovoltaic panel through the second terminal and the second output terminal of the photovoltaic module; wherein, the second output terminal is electrically connected to the common terminal of the photovoltaic panel, the first output terminal of the photovoltaic module is electrically connected to the first output terminal of the photovoltaic panel, and the common terminal is fixedly electrically connected to the third output terminal of the photovoltaic panel; the first input terminal and the first output terminal are of the same polarity, and the first input terminal is opposite to the common terminal and the third output terminal.

[0046] In one possible implementation, the photovoltaic module outputs power to the outside via the second terminal and the second output terminal of the photovoltaic module, including:

[0047] The photovoltaic panel outputs power directly to the outside through the second wiring terminal and the second output terminal;

[0048] Alternatively, the photovoltaic panel can be connected to an external control box via the second wiring terminal and the second output terminal, and output to the outside via the external control box.

[0049] Using the above technical solution, the photovoltaic module provided in this disclosure requires only 4 terminals, saving 2 terminals compared to the traditional solution of connecting the module control circuit separately to the outside of the photovoltaic panel, thereby effectively reducing the cost of cables and structural components. Furthermore, under normal circumstances, the first and second terminals can be connected, allowing the photovoltaic panel to output power through the module control circuit and two output terminals. Under special conditions, such as flash testing or fault conditions, the first and second terminals can be disconnected, allowing the photovoltaic panel to output power directly through the second terminal and the second output terminal, improving the application flexibility of the photovoltaic module. Attached Figure Description

[0050] The above and other features, advantages, and aspects of the embodiments of this disclosure will become more apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements. It should be understood that the drawings are schematic, and the originals and elements are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0052] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the back structure of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0053] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the rear structure of a photovoltaic module connected to an external control box after a failure of the module control box, as provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0054] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0055] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0056] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the back structure of a photovoltaic module in the case shown.

[0057] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module whose module control circuit is an intelligent monitoring module, as provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0058] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module whose module control circuit is an intelligent shutdown module, provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0059] Figure 9 for Figure 5 The diagram shows the structure of a photovoltaic module when the module control circuit is a smart shutdown module.

[0060] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module whose module control circuit is an intelligent optimization module, as provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0061] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0062] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic subarray in a photovoltaic array provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0063] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of a power generation system provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0064] Figure 14 This is another schematic diagram of the power generation system provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0065] Figure 15 A flowchart of a flash testing method provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0066] Figure 16 This is a flowchart of a fault handling method provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0067] The embodiments of this disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The terminology used in the Description of Embodiments section of this disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure.

[0068] The embodiments of this disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this disclosure, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art will understand that with the development of technology and the emergence of new scenarios, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this disclosure are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0069] The terms “first,” “second,” etc., used in this disclosure are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms are interchangeable where appropriate; this is merely a way of distinguishing objects with the same attributes in the description of embodiments of this disclosure. Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “having,” and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of units is not necessarily limited to those units, but may include other units not expressly listed or inherent to those processes, methods, products, or apparatuses.

[0070] Traditional photovoltaic (PV) modules mainly consist of solar cells on a PV panel and a bypass junction box. With the increasing demand for more refined and intelligent management of PV modules, a separate module control circuit can be connected externally to the PV panel to achieve functions such as PV panel operation monitoring, safety shutdown, and power optimization. This solution decouples multiple devices, simplifying the design, but it is more expensive. A significant drawback is the presence of redundant designs in cables, terminals, and structural components. For example, the positive and negative terminals of the PV panel are respectively equipped with corresponding terminals that connect to the positive and negative input terminals of the external control box. The output terminals of the module control circuit also have additional terminals for external connection, resulting in a total of six terminals required for the entire device.

[0071] To reduce costs, the component control circuit can be directly integrated into the photovoltaic panel to form a smart photovoltaic module. This solution can save on the number of terminals and the length of cables. However, directly integrating the component control circuit into the photovoltaic panel may result in lower flexibility. In some special operating conditions, it may be necessary for the photovoltaic panel to be able to connect to the outside independently of the component control circuit. However, the current solution cannot solve this problem. For example, the photovoltaic module needs to have its power and parameters tested and calibrated at the factory, i.e., it needs to undergo a flash test. Since the component control circuit is coupled to the photovoltaic panel, the output of the photovoltaic panel will pass through the component control circuit. Without control, it is difficult to effectively and quickly obtain the output characteristics of the photovoltaic panel; that is, this solution is difficult to conduct flash tests. At the same time, compared with the photovoltaic panel, the component control circuit has a higher failure rate. Since the current solution directly integrates the component control circuit into the photovoltaic panel, if the component control circuit fails, the entire photovoltaic module must be replaced, which will increase the cost of subsequent operation and maintenance.

[0072] Therefore, this disclosure provides a photovoltaic module to reduce costs while improving application flexibility. The specific solution is as follows:

[0073] like Figure 1 As shown, the photovoltaic module includes: a photovoltaic panel 10, a module control circuit 201, a first output terminal 33, a second output terminal 34, a first wiring terminal 31, and a second wiring terminal 32; wherein:

[0074] The component control circuit 201 includes: a first input terminal 21, a first output terminal 22, and a common terminal 23; wherein, the first input terminal 21 and the first output terminal 22 are of the same polarity. Figure 1 (Using an example where both are positive terminals, the first input terminal 21 and the common terminal 23 are opposite in polarity; the component control circuit 201 is used to control the electrical energy transmitted from the first input terminal 21 to the first output terminal 22. In practical applications, the component control circuit 201 itself includes four interfaces: positive input terminal in+, negative input terminal in-, positive output terminal out+, and negative output terminal out-. In one example, for the case where the input and output are both negative, that is, the negative input terminal in- and the negative output terminal out- are directly connected internally, a common terminal 23 can be set to simultaneously lead out the negative input terminal in- and the negative output terminal out-, and the aforementioned first input terminal 21 can be the positive input terminal in+, and the first output terminal 22 can be the positive output terminal out+, such as...) Figure 1 As shown in the figure; other examples are detailed below.

[0075] The photovoltaic panel 10 includes a second output electrode 11 and a third output electrode 12, wherein the second output electrode 11 has the same polarity as the first input electrode 21. Figure 1(Taking the example where all terminals are positive, the third output terminal 12 and the common terminal 23 are of the same polarity.) Figure 1 (The example shown uses both electrodes as negative terminals). In practical applications, the photovoltaic panel 10 itself has two output ports: positive PV+ and negative PV-; in one example, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the second output terminal 11 is the positive terminal PV+ of the photovoltaic panel 10, and the third output terminal 12 is the negative terminal PV- of the photovoltaic panel 10; other examples are detailed below. The two output ports of the photovoltaic panel 10 are not necessarily connected to corresponding terminals; details can be found in the description below. Furthermore, the photovoltaic panel 10 may include one photovoltaic sub-string 101, or at least two (…). Figure 1 (Two examples are shown below) The photovoltaic sub-strings 101 are connected in series; the specific application environment may vary, and all are within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0076] The first input terminal 21 of the component control circuit 201 ( Figure 1 Taking the positive input terminal (in+) as an example, it is electrically connected to the first terminal 31; the second output terminal 11 of the photovoltaic panel 10 (… Figure 1 (Taking the positive PV+ terminal as an example) is electrically connected to the second terminal 32; moreover, the first terminal 31 and the second terminal 32 are adapted to each other, that is, the connection between them is detachable; that is, the first terminal 31 and the second terminal 32 can be in a connected state or in a disconnected state. In practical applications, the first terminal 31 and the second terminal 32 can be... Figure 1 The pair of male and female plug-in terminals shown can also be other types of terminals, as long as they can achieve a detachable plug-in connection, all of which are within the protection scope of this disclosure. For example, in the first terminal 31 and the second terminal 32, one is a plug-in male terminal and the other is a plug-in female terminal; when connected, the two can be plugged in to achieve the adaptation connection of the first terminal 31 and the second terminal 32, thereby realizing the electrical connection between the first input pole 21 and the second output pole 11; when separation is required, the plugging state of the first terminal 31 and the second terminal 32 can be released, thereby disconnecting the electrical connection between the first input pole 21 and the second output pole 11.

[0077] The first output terminal 22 of the component control circuit 201 Figure 1 (Taking the positive output terminal OUT+ as an example, it is electrically connected to the first output terminal 33.) Figure 1 As shown, the first output terminal 33 and the second wiring terminal 32 are the same type of terminal, and both can be used as the same pole for external connection of the photovoltaic module (e.g., Figure 1 The positive terminal is shown in the diagram.

[0078] The common terminal 23 of component control circuit 201 Figure 1 (Taking the input negative terminal in- / output negative terminal out- as an example) Electrically connected to the second output terminal 34, and the common terminal 23 and the third output terminal 12 ( Figure 1 (Taking the negative PV- as an example for demonstration) Fixed electrical connection, that is, the common terminal 23 and the third output terminal 12 do not need to be connected by setting up terminals to achieve an adapter connection. For example, the two can be connected by soldering ribbon to achieve a fixed electrical connection, thereby saving the terminals for each connection. For Figure 1 In the case of the common negative terminal of the input and output of the component control circuit 201 shown, the second output terminal 34 can simultaneously bring out the negative terminal PV- of the photovoltaic panel 10 and the negative terminal in- and negative terminal out- of the input of the component control circuit 201.

[0079] That is, under normal circumstances, the first terminal 31 and the second terminal 32 are connected, that is, the input terminal of the component control circuit 201 is connected to the photovoltaic panel 10, and the output terminal of the component control circuit 201 serves as the output terminal of the photovoltaic module. In other words, the first output terminal 33 and the second output terminal 34 are used to achieve external connection, such as connecting in series with other photovoltaic modules. At this time, the photovoltaic panel 10 outputs to the outside through the component control circuit 201.

[0080] In practical applications, the component control circuit 201 and the photovoltaic panel 10 can be integrated, or the component control circuit 201 and the photovoltaic panel 10 can be set separately; there is no limitation here, it depends on the specific application environment, and all are within the protection scope of this disclosure. Figure 1 The example shown uses the two settings separately. In one example, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the component control circuit 201 can be set in Figure 1 The component control box 20 shown is located inside the photovoltaic panel 10; moreover, to avoid affecting the photovoltaic panel 10's reception of sunlight, the component control box 20 and each terminal can be located on the back of the photovoltaic module, such as... Figure 2 As shown in the image.

[0081] In addition, under special operating conditions, such as during a flash test of the photovoltaic module, the first terminal 31 and the second terminal 32 can be disconnected, and the second terminal 32 and the second output terminal 34 can be configured to connect externally. That is, when a flash test is required on the photovoltaic panel 10, the connection between the first terminal 31 and the second terminal 32 can be disconnected, with the second terminal 32 serving as the first end for the flash test and the second output terminal 34 serving as the second end. This allows for direct external connection via the second terminal 32 and the second output terminal 34, enabling the photovoltaic panel 10 to directly output data. This allows the output characteristics of the photovoltaic panel 10 to be effectively and quickly acquired, thus achieving the flash test.

[0082] Alternatively, when the photovoltaic module is in a faulty state, such as when the module control circuit 201 or the module control box 20 malfunctions, the connection between the first terminal 31 and the second terminal 32 can be disconnected, allowing the photovoltaic panel 10 to directly connect to the outside via the second terminal 32 and the second output terminal 34; for example, the photovoltaic module can be used as a regular module, or it can be connected to an additional external control box 20' (such as...). Figure 3 (as shown); specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the input terminal of the external control box 20' is connected to the second terminal 32 and the second output terminal 34 of the photovoltaic module. The output terminals of the external control box 20' (including the positive terminal out' and the negative terminal out') can be used to connect in series with other photovoltaic modules. That is, in this case, the photovoltaic panel 10 can output directly to the outside or through the external control box 20', which facilitates later maintenance and replacement. It is not necessary to remove the module control circuit 201 or the entire module control box 20, nor is it necessary to replace the entire photovoltaic module, thus reducing maintenance costs.

[0083] The photovoltaic module provided in this embodiment, based on the above principle, can enable the photovoltaic panel 10 to output to the outside under normal circumstances through the module control circuit 201, and can also enable the photovoltaic panel 10 to output directly to the outside under special working conditions such as flash testing or fault conditions, thereby improving application flexibility.

[0084] In addition, the photovoltaic module provided in this embodiment only requires 4 terminals, which can save 2 terminals compared with the traditional solution of external module control box, thereby effectively reducing the cost of cables and structural parts; moreover, the above operation can facilitate factory testing and subsequent maintenance.

[0085] In practical applications, the photovoltaic panel 10 of the photovoltaic module may include a photovoltaic sub-string, the positive terminal of which is connected to the positive terminal PV+ of the photovoltaic panel 10, and the negative terminal of which is connected to the negative terminal PV- of the photovoltaic panel 10.

[0086] Or, such as Figure 1 As shown, the photovoltaic panel 10 includes at least two photovoltaic sub-strings 101 connected in series; the positive terminal of the branch of each photovoltaic sub-string 101 connected in series is connected to the positive terminal PV+ of the photovoltaic panel 10, and the negative terminal of the branch of each photovoltaic sub-string 101 connected in series is connected to the negative terminal PV- of the photovoltaic panel 10. In this case, the common terminal 23 of the module control circuit 201 is connected to a photovoltaic sub-string 101 located on the side (the rightmost photovoltaic sub-string 101 shown in the figure), which can be referred to as a side photovoltaic sub-string. Additionally, in this case, the photovoltaic module may also include at least one first bypass diode, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the first bypass diode is connected to one of the other photovoltaic substrings 101 besides the one on this side; the positive terminal of the first bypass diode is connected to the negative terminal of the corresponding photovoltaic substring 101, and the negative terminal of the first bypass diode is connected to the positive terminal of the corresponding photovoltaic substring 101.

[0087] In practical applications, the first bypass diode can be integrated with the photovoltaic panel 10 or disposed separately from the photovoltaic panel 10. For example, the first bypass diode can be disposed in... Figure 1 The bypass junction box 40 shown is not limited here; it depends on the specific application environment and is within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0088] Figure 1 In the case shown, a corresponding second bypass diode (such as...) can also be equipped for the photovoltaic sub-string 101 connected to the component control circuit 201. Figure 4 The diode D shown is used; the anode of the second bypass diode D is connected to the cathode of the side photovoltaic sub-string, and the cathode of the second bypass diode D is connected to the anode of the side photovoltaic sub-string. Furthermore, the second bypass diode D can be integrated with the photovoltaic panel 10 or disposed separately from the photovoltaic panel 10; moreover, in the case of separate disposal, the second bypass diode D can be disposed in the same housing as the module control circuit 201 within the photovoltaic module, for example... Figure 4 All shown are located within the component control box 20, or they may be located separately from the component control circuit 201 in different boxes of the photovoltaic module (not shown); it depends on the specific application environment, and all are within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0089] like Figure 4As shown, the component control box 20 replaces a conventional bypass junction box in the corresponding position. Since a conventional bypass junction box usually contains a first bypass diode, the first bypass diode can be integrated into the component control box 20, thus eliminating the need for a conventional bypass junction box.

[0090] That is, in one example, the photovoltaic module mainly includes three parts: a module control box 20, a conventional photovoltaic panel 10, and at least one conventional bypass junction box 40. Moreover, the photovoltaic panel 10 may include at least two photovoltaic sub-strings 101 connected in series. One of the photovoltaic sub-strings 101 located at the beginning or end of the series connection, namely the aforementioned side photovoltaic sub-string, is connected to the module control box 20 via internal solder strips. The other photovoltaic sub-strings 101 are connected to the corresponding bypass junction boxes 40 via internal solder strips.

[0091] The following is based on Figure 1 or Figure 4 Taking the example shown, the component control box 20 contains a component control circuit 201. Its positive input terminal in+ serves as the positive input terminal of the component control box 20 and is equipped with a first terminal 31, which can be connected to the positive terminal PV+ of the photovoltaic panel 10 through a second terminal 32. Its negative input terminal in- serves as the negative input terminal of the component control box 20 and is connected to the negative electrode solder strip inside the photovoltaic panel 10. At the same time, its negative input terminal in- and negative output terminal out- are combined into the same common terminal in- / out- and are equipped with a second output terminal 34 for external connection of the negative terminal. The positive output terminal out+ of the component control circuit 201 serves as the negative output terminal of the component control box 20 and is equipped with a first output terminal 33 for external connection of the positive terminal under normal conditions. The second terminal 32 is used to realize external connection of the positive terminal in the flash test state and the fault state of the component control box 20.

[0092] In addition, such as Figure 2 As shown, the bypass junction box 40 and the module control box 20 can be soldered to the back of the photovoltaic panel 10 to secure each junction box. At the factory, only the terminals are operable. When a flash test is required, the second terminal 32 and the second output terminal 34 are connected to the test equipment, such as the corresponding input terminal of the flash test equipment, to perform the flash test. At this time, the module control circuit 201 is only internally connected to the negative terminal PV- of the photovoltaic panel 10 at a single point, and this does not affect the flash test.

[0093] After the flash test is completed, the first terminal 31 and the second terminal 32 are connected together and the module is shipped out. At this time, the entire photovoltaic module outputs only to the outside world through the first output terminal 33 and the second output terminal 34, which is consistent with conventional smart photovoltaic modules.

[0094] When a fault occurs in the component control circuit 201 on-site, it is not necessary to remove the component control circuit 201 or the entire component control box 20. Simply disconnect the first terminal 31 and the second terminal 32, and reconnect an external control box (such as...) through the second terminal 32 and the second output terminal 34. Figure 3 As shown in Figure 20', this is sufficient. The default external control box 20' has four terminals: one set of input terminals and one set of output terminals. The specific connection is as follows: connect the second terminal 32 and the second output terminal 34 to the corresponding input terminals of the external control box 20', and use the positive output terminal out+' and negative output terminal out-' of the external control box 20' as outputs for external connection. Since the positive input terminal in+ and the positive output terminal out+ of the component control circuit 201 are both disconnected and no longer working, neither a short circuit nor an open circuit fault inside the component control box 20 will affect the use of the replaced photovoltaic panel 10. Therefore, there is no need to remove the faulty component control circuit 201 or component control box 20; simply leave it idle on the photovoltaic panel 10. At this time, the first terminal 31 and the first output terminal 33 connected to the original component control box 20 are free and can be plugged with end caps.

[0095] Figure 5 The diagram shows the component control circuit 201 connected to the positive side of the photovoltaic panel 10. For the photovoltaic panel 10, the third output terminal 12 is the positive terminal PV+ of the photovoltaic panel 10, and the second output terminal 11 is the negative terminal PV- of the photovoltaic panel 10. For the component control circuit 201, its negative input terminal in- serves as the negative input terminal of the component control box 20 and is equipped with a first terminal 31, which can be connected to the negative terminal PV- of the photovoltaic panel 10 through the second terminal 32. Its positive input terminal in+ serves as the positive input terminal of the component control box 20 and is connected to the positive electrode solder strip inside the photovoltaic panel 10. At the same time, in the case of a common positive terminal for both input and output, a common terminal 23 can be set to simultaneously lead to... The first input stage 21 can be configured as the input negative stage (in+) and the first output stage 22 as the output negative stage (out+). In this case, the input positive stage (in+) and the output positive stage (out+) are combined into a common terminal (in+ / out+) and equipped with a second output terminal 34 for external connection of the positive terminal. The output negative stage (out-) of the component control circuit 201 serves as the output negative stage of the component control box 20 and is equipped with a first output terminal 33 for external connection of the negative terminal under normal conditions. The second terminal 32 is used for external connection of the negative terminal during flash testing and when the component control circuit 201 is in a fault state. Specific operations for each terminal in different scenarios can be found above and will not be repeated here.

[0096] In practical applications, as described in the above embodiments, the photovoltaic module can be as follows: Figure 1 or Figure 4 The configuration is as follows: the first input terminal 21 is the positive input terminal in+, the first output terminal 22 is the positive output terminal out+, the common terminal 23 is the common negative terminal in- / out-, the second output terminal 11 is the positive terminal PV+ of the photovoltaic panel 10, and the third output terminal 12 is the negative terminal PV- of the photovoltaic panel 10; the component control circuit 201 is a common negative circuit.

[0097] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the positive input terminal in+ of the component control circuit 201 is connected to the first terminal 31, and the positive terminal PV+ of the photovoltaic panel 10 is connected to the second terminal 32. The first terminal 31 and the second terminal 32 are detachably connected. The positive output terminal out+ of the component control circuit 201 is connected to the first output terminal 33, and the common negative terminals in- / out- of the component control circuit 201 and the negative terminal PV- of the photovoltaic panel 10 are both connected to the second output terminal 34. In this case, the component control circuit 201 is connected to the negative side of the photovoltaic panel 10 (e.g., ...). Figure 1 or Figure 4 (as shown on the far right).

[0098] Alternatively, the photovoltaic module may contain, for example... Figure 5 The configuration is as follows: the first input terminal 21 is the negative input terminal in-, the first output terminal 22 is the negative output terminal out-, the common terminal 23 is the common positive terminal in+ / out+, the second output terminal 11 is the negative terminal PV- of the photovoltaic panel 10, and the third output terminal 12 is the positive terminal PV+ of the photovoltaic panel 10; the component control circuit 201 is a common positive circuit.

[0099] like Figure 5 (Taking the example of a component control box 20 integrating a corresponding second bypass diode D) As shown, the negative input terminal in- of the component control circuit 201 is connected to the first terminal 31, and the negative terminal PV- of the photovoltaic panel 10 is connected to the second terminal 32. The first terminal 31 and the second terminal 32 are detachably connected. The negative output terminal out- of the component control circuit 201 is connected to the first output terminal 33, and the common positive terminals in+ / out+ of the component control circuit 201 and the positive terminal PV+ of the photovoltaic panel 10 are both connected to the second output terminal 34. In this case, the component control circuit 201 is connected to the positive side of the photovoltaic panel 10 (as shown on the far left in the figure). Figure 6 Showing Figure 5 The diagram shows the location of each junction box on the back of the photovoltaic module and the connection status of each terminal under normal conditions.

[0100] The settings for each pole can be determined according to the needs of the actual application environment, and all are within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0101] In practical applications, the control circuit 201 of this component can be implemented in various forms depending on its function. For example, it can be any one of the following: intelligent monitoring module, intelligent shutdown module, and intelligent optimization module.

[0102] Figure 7 Taking the common terminal 23 as a common negative terminal (in- / out-) as an example, the structure of the intelligent monitoring module is shown. A current acquisition module sensor is installed between its positive input terminal (in+) and positive output terminal (out+) to collect the operating current flowing through the component control circuit 201. A corresponding first capacitor C1 is installed between its positive input terminal (in+) and negative output terminal (in-), and a corresponding voltage acquisition module (not shown in the figure) can also be installed to collect the input voltage of the component control circuit 201, i.e., the operating voltage of the photovoltaic panel 10. When the common terminal 23 is a common positive terminal (in+ / out+), the current acquisition module sensor will be located between the negative output terminal (in-) and negative output terminal (out-), and will not be shown in the figure. That is, the current acquisition module sensor is located between the first input terminal 21 and the first output terminal 22, and the first capacitor C1 is connected between the first input terminal 21 and the common terminal 23. If there is a voltage acquisition module, it is also connected between the first input terminal 21 and the common terminal 23. In practical applications, the current acquisition module sensor can be implemented using a shunt resistor or similar means and directly connected between the first input terminal 21 and the first output terminal 22; alternatively, a sensor or current transformer, such as a magnetic ring, can be used, wound around the line between the first input terminal 21 and the first output terminal 22 (e.g., Figure 7 (as shown in the figure); it depends on the specific application environment, and all are within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0103] Figure 8 The structure of the intelligent shutdown module is also illustrated using the common negative terminal 23 as an example. It includes: a first controllable switch K1, a first diode D1, and a second capacitor C2; wherein the first controllable switch K1 is connected to the first input terminal 21 (e.g., ...). Figure 8 The input terminal positive terminal (in+) and the first output terminal 22 (as shown) are shown in the figure. Figure 8 The positive terminal of the output terminal shown is between (out+); the positive terminal of the first diode D1 is between the common terminal 23 (as shown). Figure 8 The common negative terminals (in- / out-) shown are connected, and the negative terminal of the first diode D1 is connected to the first output terminal 22 (as shown). Figure 8 The output terminal positive (out+) is connected to the first input terminal 21 (as shown in the diagram); the second capacitor C2 is connected to the first input terminal 21 (as shown in the diagram). Figure 8 The input terminals shown are positive (in+) and common terminal 23 (as shown). Figure 8 The common negative terminal (in- / out-) is shown in the diagram. Figure 8 As shown, a first controllable switch K1 is installed between the positive input terminal in+ and the positive output terminal out+ to disconnect the output of the photovoltaic module in an emergency, achieving a safe shutdown effect; a first diode D1 is installed between the positive output terminal out+ and the common negative terminal in- / out- to bypass the entire output of the photovoltaic module in abnormal conditions. The case where the common terminal 23 is the common positive terminal in+ / out+ is as follows. Figure 9 As shown, it will not be repeated here.

[0104] Figure 10 The structure of the intelligent optimization module is also shown using the common negative terminal 23 as an example. It includes a DC / DC converter circuit. The input and output common terminals of the DC / DC converter circuit are connected to the common terminal (23). The other terminal of the input terminal of the DC / DC converter circuit is connected to the first input terminal 21, and the other terminal of the output terminal of the DC / DC converter circuit is connected to the first output terminal 22. The DC / DC converter circuit can achieve component-level MPPT (Maximum PowerPoint Tracking) by adjusting the duty cycle. Specifically, it can be a boost circuit or a buck circuit. Figure 10 The example shown uses a buck circuit for this DC / DC converter. Figure 10 As shown, the buck circuit includes: an inductor L, a second controllable switch K2, a second diode D2, a third capacitor C3, and a fourth capacitor C4. The third capacitor C3 is connected between the positive input terminal (in+) and the common negative terminal (in- / out-). The fourth capacitor C4 is connected between the positive output terminal (out+) and the common negative terminal (in- / out-). The positive terminal of the second diode D2 is connected to the common negative terminal (in- / out-), and the negative terminal of the second diode D2 is connected to one end of the inductor L and one end of the second controllable switch K2. The other end of the second controllable switch K2 is connected to the positive input terminal (in+), and the other end of the inductor L is connected to the positive output terminal (out+). This buck circuit can reduce the input voltage across the third capacitor C3 to obtain the voltage across the fourth capacitor C4 as the output voltage. The specific working principle can be found in existing technology and will not be elaborated further.

[0105] In practical applications, the circuit in this intelligent optimization module is not limited to the buck circuit. This is just one example. Other circuits that can achieve voltage transformation can also be used, depending on the specific application environment.

[0106] In the above embodiments Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5The examples shown all use two photovoltaic sub-strings 101 connected in series to form a photovoltaic panel 10. In practical applications, the photovoltaic panel 10 can also be equipped with multiple photovoltaic sub-strings 101 connected in series. Figure 11 The example shown is a series connection of three photovoltaic sub-strings 101.

[0107] When multiple photovoltaic sub-strings 101 are connected in series, the module control circuit 201 is connected to the positive or negative side of the photovoltaic panel 10, and the module control box 20 replaces a conventional bypass junction box. The other photovoltaic sub-strings 101 are connected to a conventional bypass junction box 40. Moreover, the operation of each terminal is the same in different scenarios, and will not be described in detail here.

[0108] With this structure, by operating each terminal, the photovoltaic module can meet the requirements for flash testing, and low-cost maintenance can be achieved for module control circuit faults. Compared with the traditional solution of external module control circuit, this embodiment can retain the advantages of fewer external cables and lower structural cost of photovoltaic modules; moreover, it does not change the original grid structure inside the module; only one traditional bypass junction box needs to be replaced, while the positions and connections of other bypass junction boxes 40 remain unchanged, requiring minimal modification to the equipment.

[0109] Another embodiment of this disclosure also provides a photovoltaic array, such as Figure 12 The diagram shows at least one photovoltaic subarray (one is shown as an example in the diagram); this photovoltaic subarray includes at least one photovoltaic string 01, and each photovoltaic string 01 can be connected in parallel (as shown in the diagram), or it can be connected in parallel in groups (that is,...). Figure 12 The structures shown can be considered as a group, or they can all be independent, depending on the specific application environment, and all are within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0110] like Figure 12 As shown, the photovoltaic string 01 includes at least one photovoltaic module 100. When the number of photovoltaic modules 100 is greater than one, the photovoltaic modules 100 are connected in series. Moreover, at least one photovoltaic module 100 in the photovoltaic string 01 is the photovoltaic module provided in any of the above embodiments. In practical applications, each photovoltaic module 100 in the photovoltaic string 01 can be a photovoltaic module provided in any of the above embodiments, or it can simultaneously contain at least one photovoltaic module provided in any of the above embodiments and at least one ordinary photovoltaic module. The ordinary photovoltaic module is that which does not contain a module control circuit and whose photovoltaic panel can directly output to the outside.

[0111] When the number of photovoltaic subarrays is greater than 1, the number and connection relationship of photovoltaic strings 0 and 1 in each photovoltaic subarray can be determined according to the actual situation and do not need to be kept the same.

[0112] The specific structure and working principle of the photovoltaic module 100 can be found in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0113] Under normal circumstances, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figures 4 to 6 , Figure 11 As shown, the photovoltaic module 100 is connected to the outside via its first output terminal 33 and second output terminal 34; when performing a flash test or when the module control circuit 201 is in a fault state, the photovoltaic module 100 is connected to the outside via its second wiring terminal 32 and second output terminal 34.

[0114] Additionally, the photovoltaic array may also include: an external control box (such as...) Figure 3 The external control box 20' shown in the diagram is connected to the photovoltaic module whose control box is in a faulty state. Its output is connected in series to the photovoltaic string containing the connected photovoltaic module. In this case, the photovoltaic module whose control box is in a faulty state is connected in series to its own photovoltaic string through the external control box.

[0115] The photovoltaic array provided in this embodiment, by using the photovoltaic module 100, utilizes the detachable connection between some terminals (first terminal 31 and second terminal 32) to achieve electrical disconnection between the module control circuit 201 and the photovoltaic panel 10 while maximizing the sharing of other parts. This facilitates flash testing at the factory. Moreover, in case of failure, the integrated module control box 20 can be disconnected and replaced with an external control box, resulting in low operation and maintenance costs.

[0116] Another embodiment of this disclosure also provides a power generation system, such as Figure 13 or Figure 14 As shown, it includes: at least one power converter 02, and the photovoltaic array described in the above embodiment; each photovoltaic string 01 in the photovoltaic array is connected to the corresponding DC side interface of the power converter 02; the AC side interface of the power converter 02 is used to connect to the power grid and / or load.

[0117] Figure 13 The example shown uses the power converter 02, which has only one DC side interface. Figure 14 Taking the DC side of the power converter 02, which includes multiple interfaces, as an example, a single interface on the DC side of the power converter 02 can be connected to one photovoltaic string 01 or at least two photovoltaic strings 01 connected in parallel.

[0118] Furthermore, the number of power converters 02 in this power generation system is unlimited. Figure 13 To illustrate, we will use several examples. Figure 14To illustrate, take one example; the power converter 02 can be an inverter, and the AC sides of multiple inverters can be connected in parallel to the power grid and / or load.

[0119] Furthermore, the DC side of the power converter 02 can also be connected to a battery system, which can be connected to any DC side interface of the power converter 02 through a corresponding bidirectional DC / DC converter.

[0120] This embodiment does not limit the specific structure of the system, but by using the photovoltaic module 100 provided in the above embodiment, it is possible to retain the low cost advantage of smart photovoltaic modules, facilitate flash testing at the factory, and disconnect the module control circuit in case of failure. For example, the integrated module control box can be directly disconnected and replaced with an external control box, resulting in low operation and maintenance costs.

[0121] Another embodiment of this disclosure also provides a flash test method for performing flash tests on the photovoltaic modules described in the above embodiments. The structure and working principle of the photovoltaic modules can be found in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0122] This flash test method, such as Figure 15 As shown, it includes:

[0123] S151. When the first terminal and the second terminal of the photovoltaic module are disconnected, and the second terminal and the second output terminal of the photovoltaic module are respectively connected to the corresponding poles of the input terminal of the flash test equipment, light is provided to the photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic module.

[0124] The first terminal is connected to the first input terminal of the module control circuit in the photovoltaic module, and the second terminal is connected to the second output terminal of the photovoltaic panel. The first terminal and the second terminal are adapted to each other. The first output terminal of the photovoltaic module is electrically connected to the first output terminal of the photovoltaic panel, and the second output terminal is electrically connected to the common terminal of the photovoltaic panel. The common terminal is fixedly electrically connected to the third output terminal of the photovoltaic panel. The first input terminal, the first output terminal and the second output terminal are of the same polarity, and the first input terminal is opposite to the common terminal and the third output terminal.

[0125] S152. Obtain the IV data of the photovoltaic panel through a flash testing device to conduct a flash test.

[0126] The IV data may include at least one of the voltage and current of the photovoltaic panel, depending on the specific application environment. The specific process of flash testing can be found in existing technology and will not be elaborated here.

[0127] The flash testing method provided in this embodiment, by adjusting the terminal connection method of the photovoltaic module provided in the above embodiment, can easily realize the flash testing of photovoltaic panels while retaining the low cost advantage of smart photovoltaic modules, thus improving application flexibility.

[0128] Another embodiment of this disclosure also provides a fault handling method for processing the photovoltaic module described in the above embodiments. The structure and working principle of the photovoltaic module can be found in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0129] The troubleshooting method, such as Figure 16 As shown, it includes:

[0130] S161. In response to the fault status of the photovoltaic module, output an alarm signal.

[0131] The first terminal is connected to the first input terminal of the module control circuit in the photovoltaic module, and the second terminal is connected to the second output terminal of the photovoltaic panel in the photovoltaic module. The first terminal and the second terminal are adapted to each other, and the first input terminal and the second output terminal have the same polarity.

[0132] This alarm signal is used to indicate that the connection between the first and second terminals of the photovoltaic module should be adjusted to an open state. In practical applications, if the module control box detects a fault in the photovoltaic module it is in, it can generate and output this alarm signal. Based on this alarm signal, maintenance personnel can determine the location of the faulty photovoltaic module and then adjust the terminal connection method of the faulty photovoltaic module, specifically by disconnecting the connection between the first and second terminals.

[0133] S162. In response to the operation command after fault handling, the photovoltaic module realizes the external output of the photovoltaic panel through the second wiring terminal and the second output terminal of the photovoltaic module.

[0134] The second output terminal is electrically connected to the common electrode of the photovoltaic panel, the first output terminal of the photovoltaic module is electrically connected to the first output electrode of the photovoltaic panel, and the common electrode is fixedly electrically connected to the third output electrode of the photovoltaic panel; the first input electrode and the first output electrode are of the same polarity, and the first input electrode, the common electrode, and the third output electrode are of opposite polarity.

[0135] Specifically, as described in the above embodiments, the process of photovoltaic modules realizing the external output of photovoltaic panels through the second wiring terminal and the second output terminal of photovoltaic modules includes: the photovoltaic panel directly outputting to the outside through the second wiring terminal and the second output terminal; or, the photovoltaic panel is connected to an external control box through the second wiring terminal and the second output terminal, and outputs to the outside through the external control box.

[0136] That is, the fault handling can refer to: the maintenance personnel disconnecting the connection between the first terminal and the second terminal, and connecting the second terminal and the second output terminal to the photovoltaic string where the faulty photovoltaic module is located; or, the fault handling can also refer to disconnecting the connection between the first terminal and the second terminal, and connecting the second terminal and the second output terminal to the photovoltaic string where the faulty photovoltaic module is located through an external control box.

[0137] After disconnecting the connection between the first and second terminals, maintenance personnel can control the photovoltaic subarray containing the faulty photovoltaic module or the entire photovoltaic array to restart, allowing the photovoltaic panels to be put back into operation.

[0138] The fault handling method provided in this embodiment can further reduce operation and maintenance costs while retaining the low-cost advantage of smart photovoltaic modules by adjusting the terminal connection method of the photovoltaic modules provided in the above embodiment. It can also enable the photovoltaic panels in the faulty modules to output directly to the outside or to output to the outside through an external control box, thereby improving application flexibility.

[0139] Similar or identical parts between the various embodiments in this disclosure can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for system or system embodiments, since they are basically similar to method embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and relevant parts can be referred to the description of the method embodiments. The systems and system embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment solution according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without creative effort.

[0140] Those skilled in the art will also recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components and steps of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this disclosure.

[0141] The above description of the disclosed embodiments shows that the features described in the various embodiments of this disclosure can be substituted for or combined with each other, enabling those skilled in the art to implement or use this disclosure. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized by, include: Photovoltaic panel (10), module control circuit (201), first output terminal (33), second output terminal (34), first wiring terminal (31), and second wiring terminal (32); wherein: The component control circuit (201) includes a first input terminal (21), a first output terminal (22), and a common terminal (23); the first input terminal (21) and the first output terminal (22) are of the same polarity, and the first input terminal (21) and the common terminal (23) are of opposite polarity; the component control circuit (201) is used to control the electrical energy transmitted from the first input terminal (21) to the first output terminal (22); The photovoltaic panel (10) includes a second output electrode (11) and a third output electrode (12), wherein the second output electrode (11) is of the same polarity as the first input electrode (21), and the third output electrode (12) is of the same polarity as the common electrode (23); The first output terminal (22) is electrically connected to the first output terminal (33), the common terminal (23) is electrically connected to the second output terminal (34), and the common terminal (23) is fixedly electrically connected to the third output terminal (12); The first input terminal (21) is electrically connected to the first terminal (31), and the second output terminal (11) is electrically connected to the second terminal (32); the first terminal (31) and the second terminal (32) are adapted to be connected.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first input terminal (21) is the positive input terminal (in+), the first output terminal (22) is the positive output terminal (out+), the common terminal (23) is the common negative terminal (in- / out-), the second output terminal (11) is the positive terminal (PV+) of the photovoltaic panel (10), and the third output terminal (12) is the negative terminal (PV-) of the photovoltaic panel (10); the component control circuit (201) is a common negative terminal circuit; Alternatively, the first input terminal (21) is the negative input terminal (in-), the first output terminal (22) is the negative output terminal (out-), the common terminal (23) is the common positive terminal (in+ / out+), the second output terminal (11) is the negative terminal (PV-) of the photovoltaic panel (10), and the third output terminal (12) is the positive terminal (PV+) of the photovoltaic panel (10); the component control circuit (201) is a common positive terminal circuit.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The photovoltaic panel (10) includes: a photovoltaic sub-string; the positive terminal of the photovoltaic sub-string is connected to the positive terminal (PV+) of the photovoltaic panel (10), and the negative terminal of the photovoltaic sub-string is connected to the negative terminal (PV-) of the photovoltaic panel (10); Alternatively, the photovoltaic panel (10) may include at least two photovoltaic sub-strings (101) connected in series; the positive terminal of the branch after the photovoltaic sub-strings (101) are connected in series is connected to the positive terminal (PV+) of the photovoltaic panel (10), and the negative terminal of the branch after the photovoltaic sub-strings (101) are connected in series is connected to the negative terminal (PV-) of the photovoltaic panel (10).

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the photovoltaic panel (10) includes at least two photovoltaic sub-strings (101) connected in series, the photovoltaic module further includes: at least one first bypass diode; The first bypass diode is connected to a photovoltaic sub-string (101) in the photovoltaic panel (10) other than the side photovoltaic sub-string; the side photovoltaic sub-string is the photovoltaic sub-string (101) connected to the common electrode (23); The positive terminal of the first bypass diode is connected to the negative terminal of the corresponding photovoltaic sub-string (101), and the negative terminal of the first bypass diode is connected to the positive terminal of the corresponding photovoltaic sub-string (101).

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module also includes a second bypass diode (D); The positive terminal of the second bypass diode (D) is connected to the negative terminal of the side photovoltaic sub-string, and the negative terminal of the second bypass diode (D) is connected to the positive terminal of the side photovoltaic sub-string; the side photovoltaic sub-string is a photovoltaic sub-string (101) connected to the common terminal (23).

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second bypass diode (D) and the component control circuit (201) are disposed in the same housing of the photovoltaic module, or respectively disposed in different housings of the photovoltaic module.

7. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, When the photovoltaic panel (10) is in a flash test state or the photovoltaic module is in a fault state, the first terminal (31) and the second terminal (32) are disconnected, and the second terminal (32) and the second output terminal (34) are respectively configured to achieve external connection.

8. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The component control circuit (201) is any one of the following: intelligent monitoring module, intelligent shutdown module, and intelligent optimization module.

9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 8, characterized in that, The intelligent monitoring module includes a current acquisition module (sensor) and a first capacitor (C1); the current acquisition module (sensor) is disposed between the first input terminal (21) and the first output terminal (22), and the first capacitor (C1) is connected between the first input terminal (21) and the common terminal (23); Alternatively, the intelligent monitoring module may include: a current acquisition module (sensor), a first capacitor (C1), and a voltage acquisition module; the current acquisition module (sensor) is connected between the first input terminal (21) and the first output terminal (22), the first capacitor (C1) is connected between the first input terminal (21) and the common terminal (23), and the voltage acquisition module is connected between the first input terminal (21) and the common terminal (23).

10. The photovoltaic module according to claim 8, characterized in that, The intelligent shutdown module includes: a first controllable switch (K1), a first diode (D1), and a second capacitor (C2); The first controllable switch (K1) is connected between the first input terminal (21) and the first output terminal (22); The positive terminal of the first diode (D1) is connected to the negative terminal of the first output terminal (22) and the common terminal (23), and the negative terminal of the first diode (D1) is connected to the positive terminal of the first output terminal (22) and the common terminal (23); The second capacitor (C2) is connected between the first input terminal (21) and the common terminal (23).

11. The photovoltaic module according to claim 8, characterized in that, The intelligent optimization module includes: a DC / DC conversion circuit; The input and output common terminals of the DC / DC converter circuit are connected to the common terminal (23); The other terminal of the input of the DC / DC converter circuit is connected to the first input terminal (21); The other terminal of the output of the DC / DC converter circuit is connected to the first output terminal (22).

12. A photovoltaic array, characterized in that, include: At least one photovoltaic subarray; The photovoltaic subarray includes at least one photovoltaic string; The photovoltaic string includes at least one photovoltaic module as described in any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. The photovoltaic array according to claim 12, characterized in that, The photovoltaic array also includes: an external control box (20'); The input terminal of the external control box (20') is connected to the second terminal (32) and the second output terminal (34) of the faulty component; the faulty component is the photovoltaic module in a faulty state; The output terminal of the external control box (20') is connected in series to the photovoltaic string where the faulty component is located.

14. A power generation system, characterized in that, include: At least one power converter, and, as described in claim 12 or 13, a photovoltaic array; Each photovoltaic string in the photovoltaic array is connected to the corresponding DC-side interface of the power converter. The AC side interface of the power converter is used to connect to the power grid and / or load.

15. A flash test method, characterized in that, include: When the first terminal (31) and the second terminal (32) of the photovoltaic module are disconnected, and the second terminal (32) and the second output terminal (34) of the photovoltaic module are respectively connected to the corresponding input terminals of the flash test equipment, illumination is provided to the photovoltaic panel (10) in the photovoltaic module; wherein, the first terminal (31) is connected to the first input terminal (21) of the module control circuit (201) in the photovoltaic module, and the second terminal (32) is connected to the second output terminal (11) of the photovoltaic panel (10), the first terminal (31) and the second output terminal (34) of the photovoltaic module are respectively connected to the corresponding input terminals of the flash test equipment. The second terminal (32) is adapted for connection; the first output terminal (33) of the photovoltaic module is electrically connected to the first output electrode (22) of the photovoltaic panel (10), the second output terminal (34) is electrically connected to the common electrode (23) of the photovoltaic panel (10), and the common electrode (23) is fixedly electrically connected to the third output electrode (12) of the photovoltaic panel (10); the first input electrode (21), the first output electrode (22) and the second output electrode (11) are of the same polarity, and the first input electrode (21) is opposite to the common electrode (23) and the third output electrode (12); The IV data of the photovoltaic panel (10) is obtained through the flash testing equipment.

16. A fault handling method, characterized in that, include: In response to a fault state of the photovoltaic module, an alarm signal is output; the alarm signal is used to indicate that the first terminal (31) and the second terminal (32) of the photovoltaic module are adjusted to be in an open state; wherein, the first terminal (31) is connected to the first input (21) of the module control circuit (201) in the photovoltaic module, the second terminal (32) is connected to the second output (11) of the photovoltaic panel (10) in the photovoltaic module, the first terminal (31) and the second terminal (32) are adapted to be connected, and the first input (21) and the second output (11) are of the same polarity; In response to the operation command after fault handling, the photovoltaic module realizes the external output of the photovoltaic panel (10) through the second terminal (32) and the second output terminal (34) of the photovoltaic module; wherein, the second output terminal (34) is electrically connected to the common electrode (23) of the photovoltaic panel (10), the first output terminal (33) of the photovoltaic module is electrically connected to the first output electrode (22) of the photovoltaic panel (10), and the common electrode (23) is fixedly electrically connected to the third output electrode (12) of the photovoltaic panel (10); the first input electrode (21) and the first output electrode (22) are of the same polarity, and the first input electrode (21) is opposite to the common electrode (23) and the third output electrode (12).

17. The fault handling method according to claim 16, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module outputs power to the outside of the photovoltaic panel (10) through the second terminal (32) and the second output terminal (34) of the photovoltaic module, including: The photovoltaic panel (10) outputs power directly to the outside via the second wiring terminal (32) and the second output terminal (34); Alternatively, the photovoltaic panel (10) can be connected to an external control box (20') via the second wiring terminal (32) and the second output terminal (34), and output to the outside via the external control box (20').

Images