Preparation method of self-nutrition degradable transplanting cup for desert, alpine and barren soil

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of a self-nutrition degradable transplanting cup for desert, alpine and barren soil, and belongs to the field of agricultural and forestry environment-friendly materials. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out steam microfibrillation on straws under 1.8-2.0 MPa; performing superfine grinding on cattle / sheep manure to be less than or equal to 50 microns; mixing microfibrillated fibers, manure, a sodium polyacrylate water-retaining agent, a pregelatinized starch adhesive, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, bentonite, a zinc oxide cross-linking agent, calcium chloride and monopotassium phosphate to form a primary mixture; adding warm water for pulping; embedding functional particles containing carbendazim and potassium permanganate and black alum freeze-dried particles are added; performing injection molding and dynamic hot pressing on the homogenized slurry; and after demolding, treating with a cross-linking repair liquid, and carrying out gradient humidifying and aging. The obtained transplanting cup contains slow-release nutrients and double sterilization components, is suitable for deserts, high and cold soil and barren soil, synchronously provides nutrients through degradation, and eliminates white pollution.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of environmental protection materials for agriculture and forestry. More specifically, the present application relates to a method for preparing a self-nutrition degradable transplanting cup for desert, alpine and infertile soil. BACKGROUND

[0002] Traditional degradable transplanting cups mostly use plant fiber or fully biodegradable polymer substrates. Although the final degradation in soil has been achieved, there are still significant defects in desert, alpine and infertile soil environments.

[0003] The primary problem is the difficulty in coordinating degradation and nutrient supply. Direct addition of untreated organic manure can provide nutrients, but the active microorganisms in the manure can accelerate the decomposition of the cup body. Experimental data show that such cup bodies soften and crack after 6 hours of water after transplanting, and the degradation rate of traditional cup bodies is about 40% after 30 days, and the residual hard block hinders the root system expansion. The fundamental contradiction lies in that: retaining the activity of manure microorganisms is beneficial to nutrient release, but it leads to the premature disintegration of the cup body; if the microbial activity is inhibited, the fertilizer efficiency is also weakened. In addition, the residual synthetic adhesive delays the degradation process, while the natural adhesive strength drops sharply after being exposed to water, and cannot maintain the structural integrity of the cup body. In the desert environment, the extremely low soil organic matter content and water scarcity further exacerbate the contradiction between nutrient supply and degradation control: on the one hand, seedlings are more dependent on the slow-release nutrients of the cup body, and on the other hand, dry conditions may excessively delay the degradation process, leading to long-term retention of the cup body.

[0004] The lack of antifungal function restricts the practicality of the cup body. In order to prevent and control root rot and other diseases, the prior art attempts to directly mix the hydrophobic sterilizing drug carbendazim powder into the slurry. However, due to the poor compatibility of the drug with the hydrophilic fiber substrate, carbendazim is easily aggregated or migrates to the surface of the cup body, and the actual distribution is uneven and the utilization rate is low. Field tests show that the root rot incidence of the cup body without embedding treatment is more than 35% after 7 days of transplanting. The core difficulty lies in that: it is difficult for hydrophobic drugs to be stably dispersed in a hydrophilic system, and conventional means to improve dispersion, such as increasing the amount of surfactant, may introduce environmental risks.

[0005] The mechanical strength deficiency limits the applicability in desert and high-cold environments. The freeze-thaw cycle in low-temperature environment requires the cup to have higher structural stability, but the existing process has inherent defects: the pre-gelatinized starch of natural adhesive is easily hydrolyzed under the synergistic effect of high temperature and high pressure during hot pressing, with a degradation rate of more than 40%, resulting in internal stress concentration. This makes the cup prone to warping deformation after demolding, and the compressive strength retention rate is less than 65% after soaking. At the same time, the weak interfacial bonding force between the fiber and the adhesive further aggravates the loose structure, and the slurry is not evenly filled when injected into the mold, resulting in a defect rate of up to 15% on the edge of the formed cup, which is difficult to withstand the physical stress of soil. The thermal stress cycle caused by the unique day-night temperature difference (often more than 25°C) in desert environment, as well as the physical abrasion caused by strong wind and sand, puts higher requirements on the structural integrity and fatigue resistance of the cup. The existing cup is prone to longitudinal cracks in the simulated desert temperature difference cycle test, and the surface abrasion rate is significantly higher than that in ordinary soil environment.

[0006] The particularity of desert, high-cold and poor soil amplifies the above problems: Desert environment: extreme dryness requires the cup to have excellent water retention performance to prevent seedlings from dehydration, while the strong evaporation effect requires the cup structure to resist the shrinkage stress caused by rapid wet-dry cycle; the low cohesion of sandy soil easily leads to cup displacement or overturning, requiring thickening design at the bottom to enhance the anchoring force; wind and sand erosion requires the surface to have a certain wear resistance; the extremely low nutrient content requires the cup to provide more efficient and durable nutrient release.

[0007] High-cold and poor soil: low-temperature environment not only delays the degradation rate of the cup, but also requires continuous nutrient release to support seedling growth; poor soil quality needs to rely on the cup to provide nutrients, but conventional technology cannot balance the degradation rate and nutrient release period; freeze-thaw cycle puts high requirements on mechanical strength.

[0008] The existing technology cannot simultaneously solve the four demands of degradation control, nutrient supply, fungus prevention and structural stability in harsh environments such as desert, high-cold and poor soil, and is difficult to meet such harsh application scenarios. SUMMARY

[0009] The purpose of the present application is to provide a preparation method of a self-nutrient degradable transplanting cup for desert, high-cold and poor soil, which realizes the production of a transplanting cup with complete biodegradability, compatibility of functional additives and basic mechanical strength by optimizing material ratio and process.

[0010] Solve the problems of environmental pollution caused by non-degradable materials, lack of slow-release fertilizer effect and anti-fungal function, and insufficient basic mechanical strength.

[0011] Solve the problem of starch adhesive degradation rate > 40% caused by the synergistic effect of acid and high temperature during hot pressing.

[0012] Solve the problem of insufficient structural integrity of the cup caused by weak interfacial bonding of the primary slurry.

[0013] Solve the problems of poor dispersion of embedded functional particles and unstable slow-release performance.

[0014] Solve the problem of uneven cross-linking degree of the cup after cross-linking repair and the difficulty in synergistic control of rapid surface dehydration and deep cross-linking.

[0015] Solve the problem of increased risk of cup cracking caused by uneven distribution of microwave energy during cross-linking repair liquid treatment.

[0016] Solve the problem of insufficient mixing uniformity caused by poor dispersion of solid raw materials in the primary mixture.

[0017] Solve the problem of forming defects caused by weak interfacial bonding of the homogeneous slurry before injection into the mold.

[0018] Solve the problem of inconsistent repair effect caused by insufficient stability and poor film-forming property of the cross-linking repair liquid.

[0019] Solve the problem of appearance defects of the cup caused by poor surface leveling after application of the cross-linking repair liquid.

[0020] In order to solve the above problems, achieve the purpose and other advantages of the present application, a preparation method of a self-nutrient degradable transplanting cup for desert, high-cold and poor soil is provided, comprising the following steps: 1) The straw is crushed to a particle size of 1-2 mm, and is treated by saturated steam pressure of 1.8-2.0 MPa for 90-120 s to obtain microfibrillated straw fibers; 2) The cow manure organic fertilizer and sheep manure organic fertilizer are passed through a 100 mesh screen, and the undersize material is ultra-finely crushed to a particle size of ≤50 μm; 3) According to weight parts, 55-65 parts of microfibrillated straw fibers, 20-25 parts of ultra-finely crushed manure, 3-5 parts of sodium polyacrylate water retention agent, 8-12 parts of pregelatinized starch-based adhesive, 0.5-1 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 3-5 parts of sodium bentonite, 0.3-0.5 parts of zinc oxide cross-linking agent, 0.1-0.2 parts of calcium chloride and 1-2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are put into a mixer to form a primary mixture; 4) Warm water of 38-42°C is added to the mixer, and the amount of warm water added is 4-6 times the mass of the pregelatinized starch-based adhesive, and then stirred at a speed of 800-1000 r / min for 4-6 min to form a primary slurry; 5) Preparation of embedding functional particles: hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and carbendazim are premixed at a mass ratio of 4-5:1 in a 45-50℃ water bath for 30-40min to form an inclusion complex; the inclusion complex and kappa-carrageenan are dissolved in 58-62℃ water at a mass ratio of 2-3:1 to prepare an embedding mixed solution with a mass concentration of 5-7%; the embedding mixed solution is dried by a centrifugal spray drying device, and the inlet temperature of the drying device is set to ≤110℃ and the outlet temperature is set to ≤50℃ to obtain the embedding functional particles; 6) 0.1-0.3 parts by weight of embedding functional particles are added to the primary slurry, and stirring is continued for 2-4min to form a homogeneous slurry; 7) The homogeneous slurry is injected into a mold for hot press molding; 8) After demolding, the cup body is aged to obtain the transplanting cup.

[0021] Preferably, in the preparation method of the self-nutrition degradable transplanting cup for desert, alpine and infertile soil, the homogeneous slurry is injected into a mold for dynamic hot press molding in step 7): First stage: the pressure is increased from 0MPa to 5-7.5MPa within 60-90s, and the temperature is increased to 50-55℃ at the same time, and maintained for 60-90s; Second stage: the temperature is increased to 65-68℃ at a rate of 5℃ / min, and the pressure is increased at a rate of 3.5-4.0MPa / min, until the pressure reaches 8.5-10MPa, and then the pressure is maintained for 200-300s; The bottom thickness of the transplanting cup is 2-5cm, and the side wall of the transplanting cup is divided into an upper thin-walled region and a lower thick-walled region, wherein the thickness of the upper thin-walled region is 0.8-1.2cm; the thickness of the lower thick-walled region is 1.8-2.5cm; the outer diameter of the side wall of the transplanting cup remains the same along the height direction of the cup body, forming a straight cylindrical outer contour.

[0022] Preferably, in the preparation method of the self-nutrition degradable transplanting cup for desert, alpine and infertile soil, 0.3-0.5% of calcium alginate freeze-dried particles by mass of the primary slurry are added to the primary slurry before the embedding functional particles are added in step 6): The calcium alginate freeze-dried particles are prepared by the following steps: Sodium alginate is dissolved in 50℃ water to prepare a sodium alginate solution with a mass fraction of 4-6%, and then calcium chloride is added to make the calcium ion concentration reach 0.1-0.15mol / L; After being frozen at -35~-40℃ for 4-6h, the freeze-dried particles are sublimed and dried in a freeze dryer at a pressure of 25-30Pa for 24-36h; The freeze-dried particles are crushed through a 150 mesh sieve to obtain the calcium alginate freeze-dried particles.

[0023] Preferably, in the preparation method of the self-nutrition degradable transplanting cup for desert, alpine and barren soil, in step 5), before the embedding mixed solution is dried, silane coupling agent KH-550 modified nano halloysite pipe is added to the embedding mixed solution; wherein, the addition amount of the KH-550 modified nano halloysite pipe is 5-8% of the mass of kappa-carrageenan; The KH-550 modified nano halloysite pipe is prepared by the following steps: The nano halloysite pipe is dispersed in anhydrous ethanol to form a suspension with a mass fraction of 10-12%; KH-550 is added in an amount of 3-5% of the mass of the halloysite pipe, and reflux reaction is carried out at 70-75°C for 2-3h; After centrifugal separation, drying is carried out at 105-110°C to obtain the KH-550 modified nano halloysite pipe.

[0024] Preferably, in the preparation method of the self-nutrition degradable transplanting cup for desert, alpine and barren soil, in step 8), after demolding, before aging, the following steps are sequentially carried out: The cup body is immersed in a crosslinking repair solution for 3-5min, the treatment temperature is 40-45°C, after draining, the cup body is placed at 40-45°C for 10-15min, and the surface ethanol concentration is detected to be <1%; Gradient humidity adjustment treatment is carried out: Air with a humidity of 50-55%, a temperature of 40-45°C and a flow rate of 1.0-1.5m / s is introduced, and the treatment time is 20-30min; The air humidity is increased to 65-68% at a rate of 5%RH / min, the air temperature and flow rate are kept unchanged, and the treatment time is 40-50min; Thermal equilibrium treatment is carried out: The air humidity and temperature are kept unchanged, the air flow rate is reduced to 0.2-0.3m / s, and the treatment time is extended to 60-90min; Microwave treatment is carried out at 300-500W for 2-3min; The crosslinking repair solution is prepared by the following steps: a) Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin is added to water at 50-55°C to form a solution with a mass fraction of 5-7%, and then tannic acid is added and stirred for 30-40min, the addition amount of tannic acid is 50-60% of the mass of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, to form an inclusion solution; b) Polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether and rooting agent are added to the inclusion solution, and stirring is carried out at a speed of 800-1000r / min in a water bath at 45-50°C for 20-30min to form a pre-repairing mixed solution; c) Nano zinc oxide is dispersed in anhydrous ethanol to form a suspension with a mass fraction of 5%, and ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 15-20min; d) inject the suspension into the pre-repairing mixture, mix by stirring; e) add ethanol to adjust the solid content to 2.0-2.5%; f) adjust the pH to 6.0±0.2 with phosphate buffer to obtain a cross-linking repair solution; wherein the addition amount of polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether is 0.4-0.8% of the mass of the inclusion solution; the addition amount of the rooting agent is 0.05-0.1% of the mass of the cross-linking repair solution, the rooting agent being compounded by potassium indole-3-butyric acid and sodium naphthalene acetic acid at a mass ratio of 2:1; and the addition amount of nano-zinc oxide is 15-18% of the mass of tannic acid; The aging is performed in an environment with a humidity of 70-75% and an air flow speed of 0.5-0.8 m / s for 18-24 h.

[0025] Preferably, in the preparation method of the self-nutrition degradable transplanting cup for desert, alpine and infertile soil, the microwave treatment adopts segmented power control: The first 30 s: 500 W rapid surface dehydration; The subsequent time: 300 W deep cross-linking activation.

[0026] Preferably, in the preparation method of the self-nutrition degradable transplanting cup for desert, alpine and infertile soil, in step 3), when the primary mixture is formed, sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium tripolyphosphate are simultaneously added to the mixer; The addition amount of sodium dodecyl sulfate is 0.05-0.1% of the total mass of all solid raw materials in the primary mixture, which is sprayed in the form of atomization, the atomization pressure is 0.3-0.5 MPa, and the droplet size is 50-100 μm; The addition amount of sodium tripolyphosphate is 0.05-0.1% of the total mass of all solid raw materials in the primary mixture, which is added in the form of powder.

[0027] Preferably, in the preparation method of the self-nutrition degradable transplanting cup for desert, alpine and infertile soil, in step 6), before the embedding functional particles are added, 3-5% of the primary slurry by mass of interfacial reinforcing fibers are added to the primary slurry, and stirred for 2-3 min; The interfacial reinforcing fibers are prepared by the following steps: The polyvinyl alcohol fibers are immersed in a 3-5% by mass of gellan gum solution for 10-15 min; wherein the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol fibers to the gellan gum solution is 1:10-15; After being taken out, the fibers are frozen at -18 to -20 °C for 2-3 h, and then subjected to sublimation drying in a freeze dryer at 20-25 Pa for 12-18 h; The fibers are ground through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain the interfacial reinforcing fibers.

[0028] Preferably, in the preparation method of the self-nutrition degradable transplanting cup for desert, alpine and infertile soil, after step e) and before step f), 0.05-0.1% of ammonium persulfate and 0.5-0.8% of xanthan gum, and 10-15% of polyacrylamide dispersant by weight of the xanthan gum are added to the crosslinking repair liquid, and stirring is carried out at a speed of 800-1000 r / min for 15-20 min; After step f), the following step f) is further included: g) adding 0.8-1.2% of a composite leveling agent to the crosslinking repair liquid, and then storing at 4-6 DEG C for 20-30 min; wherein the composite leveling agent is a mixture of polydimethylsiloxane and polyether modified siloxane at a mass ratio of 1:2-3.

[0029] Preferably, in the preparation method of the self-nutrition degradable transplanting cup for desert, alpine and infertile soil, in step 5), the hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and the carbendazim are premixed at a mass ratio of 4-5:1, 0.1-0.2% of silicon dioxide release agent by weight of the hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin is added, and potassium permanganate powder is added, the mass ratio of the carbendazim and the potassium permanganate powder being 2:1, and the mixture is mixed in a water bath at 45-50 DEG C for 30-40 min to form a step-by-step inclusion compound; In step 6), 0.1-0.3 parts by weight of the embedding functional particles and 0.05-0.1 parts by weight of the black vitriol freeze-dried particles are added to the primary slurry, and stirring is continued for 2-4 min to form a homogeneous slurry; The black vitriol freeze-dried particles are prepared by the following steps: After preparing a ferrous sulfate solution with a mass fraction of 8-12% by dissolving ferrous sulfate in water at 40-50 DEG C, 0.1-0.2% of citric acid by weight of the ferrous sulfate solution is added; Freezing at -35 to -40 DEG C for 4-6 h, sublimation drying in a freeze dryer at 25-30 Pa for 24-36 h, and crushing through a 180-220 mesh sieve.

[0030] The present application at least includes the following beneficial effects: The present application realizes the four goals of degradation control, nutrition supply, fungus prevention and control, and structural stability of the transplanting cup for alpine and infertile soil through material system and process innovation. The straw is microfibrous treated at 1.8-2.0 MPa to form a high-activity fiber matrix, and the network density is regulated by a zinc oxide crosslinking agent, so that the degradation rate of the cup body is strictly matched with the growth cycle of the seedlings, the degradation rate is greater than 80% in 30 days, and the residual material is soft and spongy and does not hinder the root stretching. The organic fertilizer of cow manure and sheep manure is ultra-finely crushed to a particle size of ≤50 μm, and is combined with the adsorption of bentonite and the water locking of sodium polyacrylate water-retaining agent to ensure the continuous slow release of nutrients during the transplanting period, and field tests show that the seedlings have no symptoms of lack of fertilizer in 30 days.

[0031] The fungus prevention and control system of the application realizes long-acting protection through double mechanisms: stable inclusion compound is formed by pre-embedding carbendazim with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, and the uniform dispersed functional particles are prepared by spray drying with kappa-carrageenan, and the strong oxidizing Fe 2+ is released in situ with black vitriol freeze-dried particles to form a broad-spectrum sterilization barrier, and the control rate of root rot caused by fusarium reaches 100% in sandy soil with pH 6.0-7.5. The two-stage dynamic heat pressing process first realizes slurry shaping under the condition of 50-55 DEG C / 5-7.5 MPa, and then realizes deep crosslinking by gradient rising to 65-68 DEG C / 8.5-10 MPa, so that the degradation rate of pre-gelatinized starch is inhibited below 15%, and internal stress concentration is eliminated, and the formed cup body is free from warping deformation.

[0032] The calcium alginate freeze-dried particles of the application rebuild three-dimensional gel network when meeting water, significantly enhance the fiber-matrix interface bonding force, and the structure integrity retention rate of the cup body is >91% after being immersed in water for 24h, and the compressive strength loss rate is <9%. The uniform crosslinking of the cup body is realized by the gradient humidity treatment of the crosslinking repair solution penetration and combination, the degradation synchronization deviation is <5%, and the surface hardening and internal powdering phenomena are completely avoided. The multi-stage release barrier is constructed at the interface of the embedding particles by the silane coupling agent modified nano-ellipsoidal tube, so that the cumulative release rate of carbendazim is controlled at 52.8% within 72h. The dry mixing agglomeration is eliminated by the cooperation of atomized sodium dodecyl sulfate and powdered sodium tripolyphosphate, the fiber damage rate is <3%, and the mixing uniformity is >98%. The three-dimensional network of the interface reinforced fiber reinforced slurry makes the mold filling fullness reach 100%, and the demolding edge loss rate is zero. The reactive thickening system guarantees the zero sedimentation storage of the crosslinking repair solution, and the penetration depth is increased to 1.8mm. The film layer defects are eliminated by the low-temperature self-assembly of the composite leveling agent, the surface gloss of the cup body reaches 89GU, and the degradation uniformity deviation is <5%. After the final product is subjected to-20 DEG C freeze-thaw cycle for 5 times, the integrity is >95%, which meets the harsh environment demand of high-cold and poor soil.

[0033] The transplanting cup of the application adds polyacrylic acid sodium water-retaining agent and sodium bentonite in the material system to improve the water holding capacity through physical adsorption and chemical water locking double mechanism; the structure adopts a ladder type thickening design: the upper thin wall area (0.8-1.2cm) of the side wall reduces the evaporation area, the lower thick wall area (1.8-2.5cm) enhances the stability, and the bottom is thickened to 2-5cm to form a straight cylinder outline, which significantly improves the anchoring force in sandy land to resist wind erosion displacement. At the same time, the super-micro pulverized manure (particle size ≤50μm) combined with the bentonite adsorption layer ensures the slow release of nutrients under drought conditions, and field tests show that there is no fertilizer deficiency symptom in seedlings within 30 days after transplanting.

[0034] The present application is aimed at the characteristics of high-cold low-temperature freeze-thaw and barren, and the transplanting cup realizes anti-freezing strengthening through a dynamic hot-pressing process: the first stage (50-55 DEG C / 5-7.5 MPa) low-temperature setting inhibits starch degradation, and the second stage (65-68 DEG C / 8.5-10 MPa) temperature and pressure increase complete deep crosslinking, so that the pre-gelatinized starch degradation rate is less than 15%, and internal stress is eliminated. After demolding, the crosslinking repair liquid (containing nano zinc oxide and rooting agent) is penetrated, combined with gradient humidity and segmented microwave, to ensure that the integrity of the cup body is greater than 95% after freeze-thaw for 5 times at-20 DEG C. The zinc oxide crosslinking agent precisely regulates the fiber network density, so that the degradation rate matches the growth cycle of seedlings (30-day degradation rate is greater than 80%), and the problem of residual hard block caused by high-cold low-temperature delayed degradation is avoided.

[0035] The present application is aimed at the characteristics of high-cold low-temperature freeze-thaw and barren, and the transplanting cup realizes anti-freezing strengthening through a dynamic hot-pressing process: the first stage (50-55 DEG C / 5-7.5 MPa) low-temperature setting inhibits starch degradation, and the second stage (65-68 DEG C / 8.5-10 MPa) temperature and pressure increase complete deep crosslinking, so that the pre-gelatinized starch degradation rate is less than 15%, and internal stress is eliminated. After demolding, the crosslinking repair liquid (containing nano zinc oxide and rooting agent) is penetrated, combined with gradient humidity and segmented microwave, to ensure that the integrity of the cup body is greater than 95% after freeze-thaw for 5 times at-20 DEG C. The zinc oxide crosslinking agent precisely regulates the fiber network density, so that the degradation rate matches the growth cycle of seedlings (30-day degradation rate is greater than 80%), and the problem of residual hard block caused by high-cold low-temperature delayed degradation is avoided. 2+ Through Fenton reaction deep sterilization, in the pH 6.0-7.5 sandy soil, the control rate of Fusarium root rot is 100%, and the threat of pathogenic fungi is completely eliminated.

[0036] Other advantages, objects, and features of the present application will be apparent from the following specification, and will be understood by those skilled in the art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 It is a structure schematic diagram of the degradable transplanting cup according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present application will be further described in detail below, so that those skilled in the art can implement it according to the description.

[0039] It should be noted that the experimental methods in the following embodiments are conventional methods, and the reagents and materials are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0040] Traditional degradable transplant cups mainly rely on plant fibers or paper pulp as the base material. Although such cups can eventually degrade in the soil, they have significant drawbacks. They often cannot provide sustained nutrient supply after seedling transplanting, and frequent additional fertilization is needed to meet the growth needs of seedlings. More importantly, such materials lack the ability to resist common pathogenic fungi in the soil (such as fungi that cause root rot), and are prone to mold growth in the humid environment of seedling raising and transplanting, leading to high incidence of seedling diseases. In order to improve functionality, some existing technologies attempt to directly mix untreated organic manure or sterilizing agents (such as carbendazim) into the material. However, this raises new problems: the directly added manure, due to its active microorganisms, can accelerate the decomposition process of the cup in the soil, causing the cup to disintegrate prematurely before the seedling roots have fully developed, losing its support function; and the directly added hydrophobic carbendazim powder is difficult to disperse evenly in the hydrophilic plant fiber slurry, and is prone to aggregation or migration to the surface, not only having poor actual effect, but also having low effective utilization rate. The choice of adhesive is also problematic, as synthetic adhesives can hinder the biodegradation process, while natural adhesives have a significant decrease in strength when exposed to water, causing the cup to easily disintegrate in water.

[0041] To solve the above problems, the present embodiment proposes an improved method for preparing degradable transplant cups. The core lies in optimizing material pretreatment and integration method of key ingredients. First, the straw is crushed into small particles, and then microfibrillated by high-pressure saturated steam treatment (such as 1.8-2.0 MPa), significantly improving the dispersibility and binding capacity of the fibers. Second, the organic manure of cow dung and sheep dung is finely sieved (such as 100 mesh) and ultra-finely pulverized into extremely fine powder (particle size ≤50 μm, microbial cell structure is physically destroyed, activity is reduced by more than 90%), increasing its surface area and reactivity. Then, these microfibrillated straw fibers, ultra-fine manure powder, polyacrylic acid sodium water-retaining agent, pre-gelatinized starch adhesive (tapioca starch, gelatinization degree ≥90%), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium-based bentonite, zinc oxide crosslinking agent (zinc oxide is crosslinked with carboxymethyl cellulose through Zn 2+ inhibit soil cellulase activity, match the degradation rate with the growth cycle of seedlings), calcium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, are mixed uniformly according to the precise weight ratio to form a dry primary mixture. Warm water (such as 38-42°C) is added to the mixture, and it is thoroughly stirred (such as 800-1000 r / min, 4-6 min) to form a primary slurry.

[0042] The most critical step is the treatment of the sterilization drug carbendazim. Discard the method of directly adding the original drug powder, first mix carbendazim with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in a specific temperature (such as 45-50℃) water bath (such as 30-40min) to form a stable inclusion complex, then dissolve the inclusion complex and κ-carrageenan in warm water (such as 58-62℃) to prepare a certain concentration (such as 5-7% mass concentration) of embedding mixed solution, and finally prepare small embedded functional particles through the process of centrifugal spray drying (such as inlet temperature 105-110℃, outlet temperature 40-50℃). This granulation treatment effectively wraps and protects the active ingredients of carbendazim. Then, a certain amount of this embedded functional particle is added to the prepared primary slurry, and stirred evenly (such as continue stirring for 2-4min) to form the final homogeneous slurry. Pour the slurry into the forming mold and perform hot pressing and curing (the specific hot pressing conditions are shown in the subsequent claims). Finally, the formed cup body is demolded and aged under specific controlled temperature and humidity conditions (such as humidity 70-75%, air flow speed 0.5-0.8m / s, 18-24h) to obtain the final product. This method optimizes the performance of straw fibers through steam microfibering treatment, improves the utilization efficiency of manure through ultrafine grinding, and especially prepares functional particles through pre-embedding of cyclodextrin combined with κ-carrageenan spray drying, which effectively overcomes the core problems of premature decomposition caused by manure and uneven distribution and agglomeration of drugs, and at the same time uses zinc oxide and other materials to synergistically enhance the structural strength and overall functionality of the cup body.

[0043] Example 1 Dry corn straw is crushed into particles with a particle size of about 1.5 mm. These particles are placed in a high-pressure container and saturated steam is introduced, and the microfibers are obtained by treating at a pressure of 1.9 MPa for 105 s. The cow manure and sheep manure are mixed in equal weight proportions, passed through a 100 mesh screen, and the undersize material is collected and ground to a particle size of about 45 μm using an ultrafine grinder. Accurately weigh 60 parts by weight of microfibers, 22 parts by weight of ultrafine ground manure powder, 4 parts by weight of sodium polyacrylate water retention agent, 10 parts by weight of pre-gelatinized corn starch adhesive, 0.8 parts by weight of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 4 parts by weight of sodium bentonite, 0.4 parts by weight of zinc oxide crosslinking agent, 0.15 parts by weight of calcium chloride, and 1.5 parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and all are put into a mixer to mix uniformly to form a primary mixture. Add 50 parts by weight (equivalent to 5 times the mass of the pre-gelatinized starch adhesive) of warm water at a temperature of 40℃ to the mixer. Start the mixer and set the rotation speed to 900 r / min, and continue stirring for 5 min to form a uniform primary slurry.

[0044] Preparation of embedding functional particles: hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and carbendazim were weighed according to the mass ratio of 4.5:1, mixed and then placed in a constant temperature water bath at 48°C for pre-mixing for 35 min to form stable inclusion complexes. Kappa-carrageenan was weighed according to the mass ratio of 2.5:1 with the above inclusion complexes, and then added together into warm water at 60°C, and stirred until completely dissolved to prepare an embedding mixed solution with a mass concentration of about 6%. The mixed solution was sent to a centrifugal spray drying equipment, and the inlet temperature was set to about 108°C and the outlet temperature was set to about 45°C for spray drying to prepare fine embedding functional particles. 0.2 parts by weight of the prepared embedding functional particles were added to the prepared primary slurry, and the stirring was continued for 3 min until a homogeneous slurry with uniform texture was formed. The homogeneous slurry was injected into the pre-set transplanting cup mold, and was heat-pressed and cured according to a specific temperature-pressure curve to form a cup body. After heat pressing, the formed cup body was carefully removed from the mold and transferred to a place with an environmental humidity of about 73% and an air flow rate of about 0.6 m / s, and was left to stand and age for 21 h, and finally a degradable transplanting cup product was obtained.

[0045] Effects and data: The transplanting cup prepared in Example 1 was immersed in normal temperature water, and after 24 h, the cup body structure remained intact, and there was no obvious softening, cracking or disintegration phenomenon.

[0046] Tomato seedlings were planted using the transplanting cup of Example 1, and were continuously observed under field conditions for 30 d, and no root rot or other obvious fungal diseases were found.

[0047] After 30 d of transplanting, the cup body was dug out for observation, and the degradation degree was more than 80%, and the remaining part was very small and soft, which would not hinder the growth of the seedling root system. The degradation rate was basically synchronized with the growth demand of the seedling.

[0048] During the 30 d observation period, the seedling growth condition was good, and there was no obvious lack of fertilizer symptoms, indicating that the manure nutrients were effectively released.

[0049] Comparative Example 1 Dry corn stalks were crushed into particles with a particle size of about 1.5 mm. The particles were placed in a high-pressure container, saturated steam was introduced, and the microfibrillated stalk fibers were obtained by treating at a pressure of 1.9 MPa for 105 s. Cow manure organic fertilizer and sheep manure organic fertilizer were mixed in equal weight proportions, passed through a 100-mesh screen, and the undersize material was collected and crushed to a particle size of about 45 μm using a super micro grinder. 60 parts by weight of microfibrillated stalk fibers, 22 parts by weight of super-micro-powdered manure, 4 parts by weight of sodium polyacrylate water-retaining agent, 10 parts by weight of pregelatinized corn starch adhesive, 0.8 parts by weight of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 4 parts by weight of sodium bentonite, 0.15 parts by weight of calcium chloride, and 1.5 parts by weight of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (omitting zinc oxide crosslinking agent) were accurately weighed and all were put into a mixer to form a primary mixture. 50 parts by weight (equivalent to 5 times the mass of the pregelatinized starch adhesive) of warm water at a temperature of 40°C was added to the mixer. The mixer was started and the rotation speed was set to 900 r / min, and the stirring was continued for 5 min to form a primary slurry. Without embedding treatment, 0.2 parts by weight of carbendazim original drug powder was directly added to the primary slurry, and the stirring was continued for 3 min to form a slurry. The slurry was injected into the same transplanting cup mold as in Example 1, and the same hot-pressing process parameters as in Example 1 were used for hot-pressing and curing to form a cup body. After hot-pressing, the formed cup body was demolded and placed in the same aging environment as in Example 1 (humidity about 73%, air flow rate about 0.6 m / s) for 21 h to obtain a transplanting cup sample.

[0050] Effects and data: The transplanting cup prepared in Comparative Example 1 was immersed in normal temperature water, and after only 6 h, the cup body was observed to be significantly softened, and multiple cracks appeared on the cup wall, with the structural integrity being severely damaged.

[0051] Tomato seedlings were planted using the transplanting cup of Comparative Example 1, and root rot symptoms were observed in the field on the 7th day after transplanting, and then the disease gradually worsened.

[0052] After 30 days of transplanting, the cup body was observed to have a degradation rate of only about 40%. The remaining part was relatively hard in texture, which significantly hindered the normal extension and growth of the seedling root system.

[0053] During the preparation of the slurry, it was observed that the carbendazim powder was difficult to disperse uniformly and agglomeration occurred. In the formed cup body, the carbendazim was also not uniformly distributed.

[0054] Effect comparison: The cup body of Example 1 remained intact after being soaked in water for 24 h, while the cup body of Comparative Example 1 cracked and softened after only 6 h, which clearly proves that the zinc oxide crosslinking agent plays a decisive role in improving the mechanical strength of the cup body, especially the structural stability after encountering water.

[0055] Example 1 effectively prevented the occurrence of root rot throughout the 30d observation period, while Comparative Example 1 developed disease at 7d and gradually worsened. This directly verifies that embedding functional particles (rather than directly adding raw chemicals) is crucial to ensure the uniform dispersion of carbendazim, prevent aggregation failure, and achieve effective antifungal function.

[0056] Example 1 degraded more than 80% after 30d, with little residue and no impact on root systems, and degradation was synchronized with the growth needs of seedlings. Comparative Example 1 had a low degradation rate (only 40%) and a lot of residue that hindered root systems. This shows that zinc oxide crosslinking agents (used in Example 1) do not hinder the biodegradation process, and their enhanced structural strength actually helps control the degradation rate, making it more reasonable; in Comparative Example 1, the premature decomposition of manure may be one of the reasons for the early loss of strength and high water sensitivity of the cup body, but the overall degradation is not complete.

[0057] Direct addition of carbendazim powder in Comparative Example 1 leads to uneven dispersion and aggregation, which is the main reason for the failure of disease resistance. The comparison highlights the effectiveness of the process of using cyclodextrin pre-embedding combined with κ-carrageenan spray drying to produce functional particles in solving the compatibility problem of hydrophobic drugs and hydrophilic substrates.

[0058] Traditional transplanting cup hot forming processes often use a single-stage constant temperature and constant pressure method. For example, after the slurry is injected into the mold, it is directly pressurized to the target pressure (such as 9 MPa) and heated to the target temperature (such as 66°C), and then pressure is maintained for a period of time. This method has risks when dealing with slurries containing pre-gelatinized starch and other heat-sensitive adhesives. Under the synergistic effect of high temperature (above 60°C) and high pressure, starch molecular chains are prone to hydrolytic cleavage. If the pressure increase rate and temperature rise do not match, for example, the temperature rises first and the pressure lags behind, the adhesive will soften too much, causing stress concentration in the material. Especially in the critical temperature range of 65-68°C, the hydrolysis rate of starch will significantly accelerate. This directly leads to the fragility of the formed cup structure, which is prone to warping deformation during subsequent processing or use, and even rapid cracking during the immersion test.

[0059] To address the aforementioned issues, this implementation employs a phased, dynamically controlled hot-pressing process. After the homogeneous slurry is injected into the mold, the hot-pressing process is clearly divided into two stages: In the first stage, within a short time (60-90 seconds), the pressure is gradually increased from zero to a medium pressure level (5-7.5 MPa), while simultaneously raising the temperature to a relatively mild level (50-55°C), and maintaining this condition for a period (60-90 seconds). The core objective of this stage is to rapidly establish a base pressure at a lower temperature environment, allowing the fiber network to initially solidify and tightly arrange itself, while maximally suppressing the hydrolysis of starch molecular chains, thus laying a stable foundation for subsequent high-temperature treatment. In the second stage, the temperature is increased to the target high-temperature range (65-68°C) at a controllable heating rate (5°C / min), while simultaneously increasing the pressure at a specific rate (3.5-4.0 MPa / min) to the final high pressure (8.5-10 MPa), and then held at the target pressure for a sufficient time (200-300 seconds). The key to this stage is ensuring that the rate of pressure increase is strictly synchronized with the rate of temperature rise. This avoids situations where excessively rapid temperature increases coupled with insufficient pressure increase lead to softening and collapse of the adhesive, or excessively rapid pressure increases coupled with insufficient temperature result in excessive shear damage to the fiber structure. This staged, gradient pressure and temperature increase method effectively disperses internal stress, protects heat-sensitive components, and ultimately yields a cup with a more uniform structure and higher strength.

[0060] Example 2 The homogeneous slurry prepared in Example 1 was injected into the transplant cup molding mold. Dynamic hot pressing was performed: First stage: The pressure was uniformly increased from 0 MPa to 6.5 MPa within 80 seconds, while the temperature was simultaneously increased to 53°C. After reaching the target pressure and temperature, this state was maintained for 75 seconds. Second stage: The temperature was increased from 53°C to 66°C at a rate of 5°C / minute. While the temperature was increasing, the pressure was increased from 6.5 MPa to 9.0 MPa at a rate of 3.8 MPa / minute. After reaching the target temperature of 66°C and the pressure of 9.0 MPa, the pressure was held for 250 seconds. After hot pressing, the transplant cup was demolded according to the method of Example 1 and aged to obtain the transplant cup.

[0061] Transplant cup 1 achieves a stepped thickening structure through mold design (such as...) Figure 1 (as shown) The thickness of the cup bottom 101 is preferably 3.5cm to withstand soil pressure; The lower part of the sidewall has a thick wall section 103 with a thickness of 2.2 cm, which enhances water immersion stability; The thin-walled region 102 at the upper part of the sidewall is 1cm thick, which reduces the amount of material used. The cylindrical outer contour ensures the mechanical efficiency of the cup being inserted vertically into the soil.

[0062] Results and data: The formed cup body edge is flat and smooth, without visible warping, deformation or flash.

[0063] The transplanted cup prepared in Example 2 was immersed in normal temperature water, and after 24h observation, the cup body structure remained intact, without cracking, delamination or obvious softening phenomenon.

[0064] The cup body was cut open to observe the cross section, and the material structure was dense and uniform, without obvious bubbles or delamination defects.

[0065] Comparative Example 2 The same homogeneous slurry as in Example 2 (i.e. the slurry of Example 1) was taken and injected into the same transplanted cup forming mold. A single-stage constant pressure and temperature hot pressing was performed: directly pressurized to 9.0 MPa and simultaneously heated to 66℃. After reaching the target pressure and temperature, the pressure was maintained for 250s (the total pressure maintaining time was the same as the second stage of Example 2). After the hot pressing was completed, the same method was used for demolding and aging treatment, and the transplanted cup sample was obtained. The shape of the transplanted cup was the same as that of Example 2 Effects and data: The formed cup body appeared obvious warping deformation at the edge, and part of the cup opening was uneven.

[0066] The transplanted cup prepared in Comparative Example 2 was immersed in normal temperature water, and after only 6h observation, multiple small cracks appeared on the cup wall, and after 12h, the cracks expanded and part of the cup body began to soften and deform.

[0067] The cup body was cut open to observe the cross section, and it could be seen that there were small delaminations and stress concentration marks in local areas.

[0068] Effect comparison: The edge of the cup body of Example 2 was flat without warping, while the edge of the cup body of Comparative Example 2 appeared obvious warping deformation. This directly proves that the staged dynamic hot pressing (especially the first stage at a lower temperature and medium pressure for preliminary setting) can effectively reduce uneven shrinkage and internal stress during the forming process, and significantly improve the appearance quality of the product.

[0069] The cup body of Example 2 remained structurally intact after being immersed in water for 24h, while the cup body of Comparative Example 2 cracked after only 6h. This result clearly shows that the dynamic hot pressing process (especially the simultaneous gradient control of pressure and temperature) can significantly improve the internal structural strength and water resistance of the cup body, effectively avoiding early failure caused by excessive degradation of starch and stress concentration under single-stage high temperature and high pressure.

[0070] Example 2 successfully molded high-quality products under dynamic hot-pressing using the same slurry (containing pregelatinized starch) as Example 1. Comparative Example 2 encountered serious problems under single-stage hot-pressing using the same slurry. This verifies that the dynamic hot-pressing process plays a key role in protecting heat-sensitive components (such as pregelatinized starch) in the slurry from excessive degradation during critical stages of processing, thereby ensuring the performance of the final product.

[0071] In the molding process of traditional plant fiber-based transplant cups, the interfacial bonding force between the internal components of the slurry (especially between fibers and binders, functional additives) is often weak. This directly leads to two problems: first, during hot-pressing, the slurry has poor flowability in the mold, making it prone to uneven filling or local defects; second, the structure of the molded cup is loose, and when the binder swells upon contact with water, the fiber network easily separates, resulting in a dramatic decrease in cup strength, which manifests as rapid softening and cracking after immersion in water. Existing technologies often attempt to improve this by increasing the amount of binder or the hot-pressing pressure, but this can introduce new problems: too much binder can affect the degradation rate and permeability, while too high a pressure can damage the fiber structure, reducing the toughness of the final product. Especially after the addition of functional particles (such as drug or fertilizer particles), the interfacial bonding problem between these particles and the slurry matrix becomes more prominent.

[0072] To solve the core problem of weak interfacial bonding of the slurry leading to insufficient structural integrity of the cup, the present embodiment introduces a specially treated calcium alginate freeze-dried particle at the late stage of primary slurry preparation. Specifically, before adding the embedded functional particles to the primary slurry, a certain proportion of this freeze-dried particle is added to the primary slurry and briefly stirred. The unique aspect of this freeze-dried particle is its preparation method: first, dissolve sodium alginate in warm water to form a solution of a certain concentration, then add calcium chloride for ionic crosslinking to form a calcium alginate gel; then, quickly freeze the gel at extremely low temperature, and then perform long-term freeze-drying under high vacuum conditions to completely remove water; finally, crush the freeze-dried product and pass it through a specific mesh size screen to obtain small porous freeze-dried particles. When these freeze-dried particles are added to the aqueous slurry, they can quickly absorb water and re-hydrate, forming a three-dimensional gel network structure in situ within the slurry. This network acts like "glue," effectively enhancing the physical entanglement and bonding force between straw fibers, manure particles, embedded functional particles, and the slurry matrix, significantly improving the homogeneity and cohesion of the overall slurry.

[0073] Example 3 Take the same primary slurry as the preparation method of Example 1 (i.e. contains microfibrillated straw fiber, super-micro manure, water-retaining agent, binder, etc. all ingredients, and has been stirred evenly). Before adding the embedded functional particles, 0.4% of the total mass of the primary slurry calcium alginate freeze-dried particles (preparation method as follows) are added to the primary slurry, and the mixer is started to stir at 900 r / min for 1.5 min. Then, 0.2 parts by weight of embedded functional particles (preparation method same as Example 1) are added, and stirring is continued for 3 min to form a homogeneous slurry. The subsequent hot-pressing forming (using the two-stage dynamic hot-pressing process of Example 2) and aging steps (same as Example 1) remain unchanged, and finally the transplanting cup is obtained.

[0074] Preparation of calcium alginate freeze-dried particles: Dissolve sodium alginate in warm water at 50°C to prepare a 5% sodium alginate solution by mass fraction.

[0075] Add calcium chloride powder to the solution, stir to make the calcium ion concentration reach 0.12 mol / L, and form a gel.

[0076] Freeze the gel in a -38°C environment for 5h.

[0077] Transfer the frozen gel block to a freeze dryer and perform sublimation drying at a pressure of 28 Pa for 30h.

[0078] Grind the freeze-dried block and pass it through a 150-mesh screen to obtain fine calcium alginate freeze-dried particles.

[0079] Effects and data: After adding calcium alginate freeze-dried particles and stirring, the slurry viscosity increases slightly, the fluidity is still good, there is no obvious lumping or granular feeling, and the components are evenly distributed.

[0080] The slurry flows smoothly into the mold, fills fully, and has no air bubbles or void defects. The hot-pressing demolding process is smooth, and the cup edge is clear and complete.

[0081] Soak the transplanting cup prepared in Example 3 in normal temperature water, and observe after 24h. The cup structure remains intact, and there is no delamination, cracking or obvious softening phenomenon, and the overall integrity is excellent.

[0082] Cut open the soaked cup and observe the cross-section. The components (fiber, manure, functional particles) are tightly combined with the matrix, and there is no obvious separation sign.

[0083] Comparative Example 3 The same batch of primary slurry as in Example 3 was taken. The step of adding calcium alginate freeze-dried particles was omitted. 0.2 parts by weight of embedding functional particles (same as in Example 1 and 3) were directly added to the primary slurry, stirred at 900 r / min for 3 min to form the slurry. The same hot-pressing process (dynamic hot-pressing of Example 2) and aging conditions were used to obtain the transplant cup samples.

[0084] Effects and data: After stirring, a small amount of embedding functional particles in the slurry could not be completely dispersed uniformly, and there was a slight tendency to agglomerate.

[0085] When the slurry was injected into the mold, slight uneven filling was observed at the corners of the mold. When demolding, a small number of cups (about 15%) had slight defects or burrs at the edges.

[0086] The transplant cups prepared in Comparative Example 3 were immersed in normal temperature water, and after 6 h, the cups began to swell obviously, after 12 h, local bubbling and slight delamination appeared on the cup wall, after 24 h, the delamination area expanded, and cracks appeared on the edges of some cups.

[0087] When the immersed cups were cut open to observe the cross section, it could be seen that there were obvious interface separation gaps around the fiber bundles or functional particles, especially in the water immersion area.

[0088] Effect comparison: The slurry of Example 3 was more homogeneous after adding freeze-dried particles, and the cups were full and defect-free when demolded; the slurry of Comparative Example 3 had slight particle agglomeration and uneven filling, resulting in partial demolding defects. This proves that the calcium alginate freeze-dried particles effectively enhance the combination between the components in the slurry and improve the processing performance.

[0089] The Example 3 cups remained structurally intact after 24 h of immersion in water; while the Comparative Example 3 cups delaminated and bubbled after 12 h, and cracked after 24 h. This result directly confirms that the three-dimensional gel network formed by the calcium alginate freeze-dried particles when exposed to water greatly strengthens the interface bonding force within the cup, effectively resisting swelling and structural damage caused by water immersion, and significantly improving the water resistance and long-term structural integrity of the cup.

[0090] The cross section of the Example 3 cup shows that the components are tightly combined; while the Comparative Example 3 has obvious interface separation gaps. This directly reflects the key role of freeze-dried particles in enhancing the interface bonding between fibers, functional particles, etc. and the slurry matrix.

[0091] The drug-embedded functional particles prepared by traditional methods often face the problem of uneven dispersion after being added to the slurry. These particles are prone to agglomeration or sedimentation in hydrophilic slurries, resulting in uneven distribution of the drug in the final cup, excessive or insufficient local concentration, and affecting the antifungal effect. More seriously, the interface bonding force between the particles and the slurry matrix is weak, and the drug is prone to burst release when hot-pressed or exposed to water, which cannot achieve stable and slow release. The existing technology usually improves the dispersibility by increasing the amount of surfactant or prolonging the stirring time, but this may introduce too many chemical additives, affecting the environmental friendliness of the product, and cannot fundamentally solve the problem of unstable slow release caused by weak interface bonding.

[0092] To solve the core problems of poor dispersion and unstable slow release of embedded functional particles, the present embodiment introduces silane coupling agent modified nanometer halloysite tubes in the preparation process of embedded functional particles. Specifically, a certain proportion of KH-550 modified nanometer halloysite tubes is added to the embedding mixed solution before spray drying. The preparation of the modified nanotube needs to go through the following key steps: first, disperse the natural nanometer halloysite tube in anhydrous ethanol to form a suspension, then add silane coupling agent KH-550 for reflux reaction, make KH-550 molecules covalently grafted to the surface of halloysite tube, and finally dry by centrifugation to obtain the modified product. These modified nanometer halloysite tubes have dual properties: the silane groups on their surface can form strong bonds with the cellulose fibers in the slurry, while the tubular structure can physically block the rapid diffusion of drug molecules. When they are added to the embedding mixed solution and finally form functional particles, they can significantly improve the dispersion stability of the particles in the slurry and build a multi-level slow release barrier.

[0093] Example 4 In the preparation of embedded functional particles, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and carbendazim were weighed according to a mass ratio of 4.5:1 and pre-mixed in a 48°C water bath for 35 min to form inclusion complexes. The inclusion complexes and κ-carrageenan were dissolved in water at 60°C to prepare a 6% embedding mixed solution. KH-550 modified nanometer halloysite tubes (preparation method as follows) equivalent to 6% of the mass of κ-carrageenan were added to the mixed solution and stirred for 20 min to ensure uniform dispersion. The subsequent centrifugal spray drying (inlet 108°C / outlet 45°C) produced functional particles. The remaining steps (preparation of primary slurry, addition of 0.2 parts of functional particles, dynamic hot pressing, and aging) were consistent with Example 1.

[0094] Preparation of KH-550 modified nanometer halloysite tubes: Add nanometer halloysite tubes to anhydrous ethanol to prepare an 11% suspension; Add KH-550 equivalent to 4% of the mass of halloysite tubes, reflux at 72°C for 2.5 h; Centrifugal separation of solids, drying at 108°C for 2 h, and crushing through a 300 mesh sieve for use.

[0095] Effects and data: After adding modified nanotubes, the embedding mixed solution had no precipitation, and the particles obtained by spray drying had good fluidity.

[0096] TEM of cup body slices showed that functional particles were uniformly embedded in the matrix without aggregation, and nanometer halloysite tubes (bright white tubular structure) were oriented distributed at the edge of the particles and the interface of the matrix.

[0097] After immersing the cup body fragments in pH 6.8 buffer solution, the cumulative release rate of carbendazim was 52.8% within 72h, and the release curve was flat without burst release peak.

[0098] After inoculating the cup soil with root rot fungus, no disease occurred within 30d.

[0099] Comparative example 4 When preparing the embedded functional particles, the KH-550 modification step was omitted. Unmodified original nanometer halloysite tubes were directly added to the embedding mixed solution (ingredients same as example 4), stirred for 20min, and then spray dried. The remaining steps were exactly the same as example 4.

[0100] Effects and data: Unmodified nanotubes settled in the mixed solution, and the dried particles had a tendency to clump.

[0101] Cup body slices showed that functional particles were locally aggregated, and unmodified halloysite tubes (aggregated) were separated from the particle interface and randomly distributed in the matrix.

[0102] After immersing in water for 72h, the cumulative release rate of carbendazim reached 81.5%, and the release amount in the initial 24h accounted for more than 60%.

[0103] Root rot disease spots appeared on the cup soil on the 15th day, and the incidence rate reached 35% on the 25th day.

[0104] Effect comparison: TEM of example 4 showed that modified nanotubes were oriented and positioned, and particles were not aggregated; in comparative example 4, unmodified tubes were aggregated and separated from the interface, resulting in particle aggregation. It is proved that KH-550 modification can fundamentally solve the dispersion stability problem of nanotubes and particles by enhancing the interfacial compatibility.

[0105] The release curve of example 4 was flat and the release rate was only 52.8% within 72h, while comparative example 4 had a serious burst release and the release rate was more than 80%. It shows that the physical barrier and chemical bonding point formed by modified nanotubes at the particle interface effectively slows down the drug diffusion rate and achieves stable and sustained release.

[0106] Example 4 had no disease throughout the process, while comparative example 4 had disease on the 15th day. It confirms the key role of dispersion and sustained release stability in actual prevention effect - uniform distribution and sustained release of drugs can provide long-term protection.

[0107] Traditional degradable transplant cups are directly aged after demolding, often leading to surface shrinkage and cracking due to rapid evaporation of water, and insufficient internal crosslinking reaction affecting the overall strength. The existing technology uses single temperature and humidity environment aging or surface spraying of crosslinking agent treatment, the former is difficult to balance the dehydration rate and crosslinking depth, and the latter is easy to cause surface hardening and internal loose. More seriously, the poor film-forming property of the repair liquid leads to uneven penetration, and the large difference in local crosslinking degree of the cup body, resulting in uncontrolled degradation rate in the soil, and possibly appearing local disintegration or long-term undegraded fragments.

[0108] The embodiment innovatively introduces multi-step crosslinking repair and gradient humidity adjustment treatment before aging after demolding. First, the demolded cup body is immersed in a specially prepared crosslinking repair liquid (containing hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion tannic acid, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, rooting agent and nano zinc oxide) for warm bath treatment, so that the repair liquid penetrates into the interior of the cup body. After draining, gradient humidity adjustment is immediately performed: first, moderate humidity air (50-55% RH) is introduced to make the surface mild dehydration, and then the humidity is increased in stages to 65-68% RH to promote the full progress of internal crosslinking reaction. The key control point lies in the cooperation of humidity increase rate (5% RH / min) and constant temperature (40-45°C), avoiding stress caused by too fast water migration. Then, segmented microwave treatment is adopted: high power (500W) is used in the early stage to quickly stabilize the surface structure, and low power (300W) is used in the later stage to excite deep crosslinking points. Finally, the final curing is completed in an optimized environment. This method simultaneously solves the three major problems of surface dehydration control, deep crosslinking activation and crosslinking uniformity. Gradient humidity adjustment is completed in a constant temperature and humidity box, and the air flow speed is controlled by an adjustable speed fan; during the aging stage, the low speed air duct (air speed 0.5-0.8 m / s) is switched.

[0109] Example 5 The hot-pressed cup body obtained in Example 4 is demolded and then subjected to: Crosslinking repair liquid treatment: immerse the cup body in a 40°C crosslinking repair liquid (preparation method as follows) for 4 min, drain and stand for 12 min (40°C).

[0110] Gradient humidity adjustment: Introduce air with humidity of 52% RH, temperature of 42°C and flow rate of 1.2 m / s, and treat for 25 min; Increase the humidity to 67% RH (maintain the temperature and flow rate) at a rate of 5% RH (relative humidity) / min, and treat for 45 min.

[0111] Temperature balance: maintain 67% RH, 42°C, and reduce the flow rate to 0.25 m / s, and treat for 75 min.

[0112] Segmented microwave: treat with 500W for the first 30s, and then switch to 300W for the next 150s.

[0113] Aging: 72% humidity, 0.6 m / s airflow for 20 h.

[0114] Crosslinking repair solution preparation: a) Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin was dissolved in 6% water at 53°C, and 55% tannic acid by mass of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin was added and stirred for 35 min; b) 0.6% polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether and 0.08% rooting agent (potassium indole-3-butyric acid: sodium naphthaleneacetate = 2:1) by mass of the inclusion solution were added, and stirring was performed at 47°C in a water bath at 900 r / min for 25 min; c) Nano-zinc oxide was dissolved in 5% ethanol to form a suspension, and ultrasonic treatment was performed for 18 min; d) c) was injected into b), and after stirring, ethanol was added to adjust the solid content to 2.3%; e) The pH was adjusted to 6.0 with phosphate buffer.

[0115] Effects and data: The surface of the cup was smooth without cracks, and the color was uniform.

[0116] Crosslinking uniformity (methylene blue staining method): The staining depth of the cross section of the cup was consistent, and there was no uncrosslinked area.

[0117] The compressive strength retention rate was 91.5% after 24 h of immersion.

[0118] The degradation rate of the cup was 82% after 30 d of burial, and the residue was uniform sponge.

[0119] Comparative Example 5 The same batch of demolded cups were taken, and the crosslinking repair and gradient humidity adjustment steps were omitted. Directly placed in a humidity of 72%, airflow of 0.6 m / s environment for 20 h.

[0120] Effects and data: Net-like microcracks appeared on the cup mouth and side wall.

[0121] Cross section staining showed dark blue on the edge (overcrosslinking) and light blue in the center (insufficient crosslinking).

[0122] The strength retention rate was only 63% after 24 h of immersion.

[0123] The edge degradation rate was 95% and the center area was only 40% after 30 d of burial, and the residue hard block hindered the root system.

[0124] Effect comparison: Example 5 had a smooth surface without cracks, and comparative example 5 had net-like cracks. It was proved that the gradient humidity adjustment and segmented microwave effectively cooperated to control the dehydration stress and avoid surface shrinkage and cracking.

[0125] Example 5 cross-section dyeing is uniform, Comparative Example 5 edge and center difference is significant. The cross-linking repair solution penetration combined with gradient humidity regulation is verified to achieve uniform cross-linking of the cup body in all dimensions.

[0126] Example 5 water immersion strength retention rate is 91.5% and degradation is synchronized, Comparative Example 5 strength drops sharply and degradation is uneven. It shows that the process simultaneously guarantees the mechanical strength requirement and degradation controllability, and solves the contradiction between strength and degradation rate in traditional methods.

[0127] The traditional microwave cross-linking process uses constant power to treat the cup body, which is easy to cause surface overheating carbonization due to instantaneous energy accumulation, and the internal temperature is insufficient, which makes the cross-linking reaction insufficient. The single power mode is difficult to balance the needs of surface rapid shaping and deep molecular chain ordered cross-linking, and the phenomenon of surface hardening cracking and internal strength not improving often occurs. The existing technology alleviates cracking by prolonging the processing time or reducing the power, but the former increases energy consumption and may over-dehydrate, and the latter cannot achieve effective cross-linking depth.

[0128] The present embodiment innovatively adopts a segmented variable power microwave control strategy. In the first stage, a higher power of 500W is applied, which utilizes the selective heating effect of microwave on polar water molecules to make the surface layer of the cup body evaporate quickly to form a dense structure layer, which can reflect the subsequent microwave energy and avoid internal overheating. In the second stage, the power is switched to a lower power of 300W, at which time the microwave can penetrate the already solidified surface layer and gently excite the activity of the deep cross-linking agent, promoting the deep bonding between the functional components in the repair solution and the fiber molecular chain. The timing control of power conversion is crucial, too early conversion leads to insufficient solidification of the surface layer, and too late conversion causes thermal damage. This method realizes the synergistic regulation of surface instantaneous dehydration and internal slow-release cross-linking at the molecular scale.

[0129] Traditional plant fiber-based materials often have uneven mixing in the dry mixing stage due to electrostatic adsorption of fibers and hygroscopic agglomeration of superfine manure. The existing technology improves dispersibility by increasing stirring intensity or prolonging mixing time, but high-speed mechanical shearing will damage the microfibrillated straw fiber structure and reduce the strength of the final product; prolonging the mixing time increases energy consumption and may cause thermal sensitivity changes in raw materials. More seriously, undispersed agglomerates become defect cores in subsequent pulping, leading to a sharp drop in local strength of the cup body.

[0130] The primary mixture preparation stage of the present embodiment synchronously introduces a dual-mechanism dispersion strategy: first, an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), is sprayed in a misting manner, and the micron-sized droplets can quickly wrap the fiber and manure particles, thereby breaking down the agglomerates by reducing surface tension and electrostatic repulsion; then, a powdered sequestering agent, sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), is added, which can bind with calcium and magnesium ions in the slurry to block the flocculation of particles caused by metal ion bridging. The key innovation lies in the control of the misting parameters of SDS (0.3-0.5 MPa misting pressure, 50-100 μm droplet size), which ensures that the surfactant uniformly covers the surface of the particles without generating foam; STPP is added in the form of dry powder during the mixing period to avoid premature reaction with SDS. The two work together to achieve micro-zone deagglomeration and anti-reagglomeration of the raw materials in a low shear environment.

[0131] Example 6 The solid raw materials (microfibrillated straw fiber 60 parts, super-micro manure 22 parts, sodium polyacrylate 4 parts, pre-gelatinized starch 10 parts, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 0.8 parts, bentonite 4 parts, zinc oxide 0.4 parts, calcium chloride 0.15 parts) were weighed and put into a mixer. After starting low-speed stirring (200 r / min): Misting SDS addition: SDS was prepared into a 5% aqueous solution and sprayed in through 0.4 MPa pressure misting (droplet size 75 μm), with an addition amount of 0.08% of the total mass of solids; Dry powder STPP addition: after continuing to stir for 1 min, powdered STPP was added, with an addition amount of 0.08% of the total mass of solids; Mixing intensification: the stirring speed was increased to 600 r / min, and the total mixing time was 8 min.

[0132] The subsequent pulp preparation, molding, and aging steps were the same as in Example 1.

[0133] Effects and data: Mixing uniformity (ash analysis method): the ash difference at 5 sampling points was ≤0.15% (the standard value was ≤0.3%).

[0134] 2 kg of the mixture passed through a 2 mm sieve, and the mass of the lumps on the sieve was ≤0.05 g.

[0135] Fiber damage rate (microscope statistics): the breakage rate of microfibrillated fibers was <3%.

[0136] 50 finished product cups had no interface defects such as air bubbles and cracks.

[0137] Comparative Example 6 The raw material ratio and mixing process were the same as in Example 6, and the addition of SDS and STPP was omitted, and only stirring at 600 r / min for 8 min was performed.

[0138] Effects and data: Ash difference reached 0.82% (173% over the standard value).

[0139] The mass of the oversize lumps was 1.2 g (24 times of that of Example 6).

[0140] High-speed stirring led to a fiber breakage rate of 15%.

[0141] There were obvious bubbles or cracks in 11 of the 50 cups (defect rate 22%).

[0142] Effect comparison: The ash difference of Example 6 was only 0.15%, while that of Comparative Example 6 was 0.82%. The dual mechanism of instant disintegration of atomized SDS and inhibition of re-flocculation by STPP achieved ultra-uniform mixing at low speed, avoiding the risk of fiber damage by high-speed stirring.

[0143] The fiber breakage rate of Example 6 was <3%, while that of Comparative Example 6 was 15%. This proved that the dispersion strategy replaced mechanical force dispersion through physical and chemical synergy, maximizing the protection of fiber structural strength.

[0144] The cup defect rate of Example 6 was 0%, while that of Comparative Example 6 was 22%. This demonstrated that the uniformity of primary mixing directly determines the structural integrity of the final product—eliminating lumps eliminates stress concentration sources.

[0145] When traditional plant fiber pulp is injected into a mold, the weak interfacial bonding force between the fiber and the binder easily forms a retention layer on the surface of the mold, leading to rough or damaged cup surfaces after demolding. The existing technology improves by increasing the amount of demolding agent or improving the mold finish, but excessive demolding agent residue affects the cup's degradability, and high-precision molds significantly increase costs. More importantly, the internal fiber network of the pulp is loose, and it cannot effectively transmit pressure during hot pressing, resulting in uneven cup density.

[0146] In this embodiment, interface-enhanced fibers are introduced during the preparation of the homogeneous pulp. These fibers are prepared through a special process: polyvinyl alcohol fibers are immersed in a kolloid solution, and a kolloid layer is formed on the surface of the fibers; after deep freezing to fix the gel structure, water is removed by freeze-drying to form a porous reinforcing body; finally, it is crushed into short fibers. When added to the pulp, its porous structure absorbs water and swells, the kolloid layer forms hydrogen bonds with the pulp matrix, and the polyvinyl alcohol fiber core provides rigid support, building "anchor points" between the fiber network. At the same time, the hydrophilicity of kolloid and the synergistic thickening effect with bentonite and binder in the pulp significantly improve the cohesion of the pulp and its wettability to the mold.

[0147] Example 7 Take the primary slurry prepared in Example 1, before adding the embedded functional particles, first add 4% of the mass of the primary slurry of interface reinforcing fibers (preparation method as follows), stirring at 900 r / min for 2.5 min. The subsequent steps of adding embedded particles, hot pressing, and aging are the same as in Example 1.

[0148] Preparation of interface reinforcing fibers: Immerse the polyvinyl alcohol fibers in a 4% Kolloidalsol solution (mass ratio 1:12) for 12 min; After taking out, freeze at -19°C for 2.5 h; Sublimate dry in a freeze dryer at 23 Pa for 15 h; Pulverize through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain finished fibers.

[0149] Effects and data: After adding, the tensile viscosity of the slurry is increased by 3.2 times, and the shear thinning index is reduced from 0.42 to 0.28.

[0150] Fiber network structure (fluorescent dyeing microscopic observation): interface reinforcing fibers (blue fluorescence) and straw fibers are interlaced and connected to form a dense three-dimensional network.

[0151] After 50 cups are demolded, the surface finish Ra = 1.2 μm, and there is no edge defect.

[0152] After the cups are immersed in water for 24 h, there is no separation of interface reinforcing fibers and the matrix.

[0153] Comparative Example 7 Take the same batch of primary slurry, omit the addition of interface reinforcing fibers, and directly add the embedded functional particles and stir. The remaining steps are exactly the same as in Example 7.

[0154] Effects and data: The viscosity of the slurry is too low, and there is a flow phenomenon during injection molding.

[0155] Microscopic observation shows that the fiber distribution is loose, and there are obvious aggregation zones and cavities.

[0156] 9 of the 50 cups have edge defects (defect rate 18%), and the average surface roughness Ra = 3.8 μm.

[0157] After immersion, cracks appear at the interface between the fibers and the matrix, with a maximum crack width of 50 μm.

[0158] Effect comparison: The demolding defect rate of Example 7 is 0%, while that of Comparative Example 7 is 18%. It is proved that the interface reinforcing fibers strengthen the fiber network skeleton, eliminate the flow separation of the slurry in the mold, and ensure the integrity of demolding.

[0159] Example 7 shows a three-dimensional dense network, while Comparative Example 7 has a loose structure. The synergistic effect of the gellan gum coating layer and the polyvinyl alcohol fiber core builds physical crosslinking points in the slurry, significantly improving cohesion.

[0160] Example 7 shows no cracks in the interface after immersion, while Comparative Example 7 shows 50 μm cracks. The porous structure of the interface reinforcing fiber is verified to form an interpenetrating network with the matrix after water absorption and swelling, effectively resisting water immersion damage.

[0161] Traditional crosslinking repair liquid faces problems of component separation and viscosity instability during storage and use, leading to uneven film thickness after spraying. Although the addition of a single thickening agent in the prior art improves viscosity, the high molecular chain of the thickening agent wraps around functional particles, hindering effective contact and resulting in a crosslinking efficiency of less than 40%. More seriously, the repair liquid has a shallow penetration depth, and the interior of the cup has a low crosslinking degree, so the un-crosslinked area disintegrates first when exposed to water.

[0162] The present embodiment introduces a reactive thickening system at the end of the preparation of the crosslinking repair liquid: first, add the redox initiator ammonium persulfate, which generates free radicals by thermal decomposition in a weak acidic environment, activating the crosslinking activity of polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether in the repair liquid; simultaneously add xanthan gum and polyacrylamide dispersant, the xanthan gum builds a shear-thinning rheological network to ensure that the viscosity of the repair liquid decreases rapidly during spraying, facilitating atomization, and the viscosity recovers to prevent sedimentation when the repair liquid is at rest; the polyacrylamide maintains the stable dispersion of nano-zinc oxide through steric hindrance. The three components work together to achieve the functions of dispersion stability, rheological controllability, and reaction activation.

[0163] After the traditional crosslinking repair liquid forms a film, it is prone to defects such as shrinkage and orange peel due to uneven surface tension, affecting the appearance of the cup and the uniformity of subsequent degradation. Although a single leveling agent (such as silicone or acrylate) can improve wetting, it cannot simultaneously solve the interfacial compatibility problem between hydrophilic components (such as rooting agents) and hydrophobic components (such as tannin acid inclusions) in the repair liquid. The existing technology temporarily improves the problem by increasing the spraying pressure or adding solvents, but the former leads to excessive penetration of the repair liquid, and the latter introduces VOC pollution.

[0164] After adjusting the pH of the repair liquid, the present embodiment adds a specific ratio of a composite leveling agent, which is composed of polydimethylsiloxane and polyether-modified siloxane (model BYK-349) in a mass ratio of 1:2-3. The polydimethylsiloxane provides strong surface tension reduction capability, ensuring rapid spreading of the repair liquid; the polyether segment in the polyether-modified siloxane molecule anchors the hydrophilic components, blocking the phase separation trend. After adding, it needs to be refrigerated at 4-6°C for 20-30 minutes, and the low-temperature environment is used to promote the directional arrangement of the leveling agent molecules to the gas-liquid interface, forming a uniform monomolecular film. This low-temperature self-assembly process significantly improves the uniformity of the film layer, eliminating film defects caused by local differences in surface energy.

[0165] The single sterilization component used in the traditional transplant cup preparation has limitations: the direct mixing of ferrous sulfate powder into the slurry is easy to absorb moisture and form clumps, resulting in local enrichment of ferrous ions in the cup; when carbendazim and potassium permanganate are not treated together, the high-temperature hot pressing process causes drug decomposition and failure; the uncoated active ingredients are released asynchronously in the soil, and cannot form a step-by-step sterilization barrier.

[0166] The innovative two-component functional particle and black vitriol particle synergistic process of the present embodiment: hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and carbendazim are premixed at a mass ratio of 4.5:1, 0.15% of the mass of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin is added as a silica separator, and then potassium permanganate powder is added, the mass ratio of carbendazim and potassium permanganate powder is 2:1, mixed in a 48°C water bath for 35 minutes to form a step-by-step inclusion compound; the inclusion compound is dissolved in 60°C pure water at a mass ratio of 2.5:1 to κ-carrageenan to prepare a 6% mass concentration embedding mixed solution, and the functional particles with a particle size of ≤20μm are prepared by centrifugal spray drying. The black vitriol freeze-dried particles are prepared by optimizing the freeze-drying process: ferrous sulfate is dissolved in 45°C pure water to prepare a 10% ferrous sulfate solution, 0.15% of the mass of the ferrous sulfate solution is added as a citric acid inhibitor to prevent oxidation, the solution is frozen at -38°C for 5 hours, and then sublimation drying is performed at a vacuum degree of 28Pa in a freeze dryer for 30 hours, and the porous particles are obtained by crushing through a 200 mesh sieve. The functional particles and black vitriol freeze-dried particles are added synchronously into the primary slurry and stirred for 3 minutes to achieve uniform dispersion.

[0167] Comparison with the traditional process: the direct mixing of ferrous sulfate and potassium permanganate powder in the prior art initiates the oxidation-reduction reaction, the slurry color is abnormal and the drug is inactivated; by blocking the direct contact between carbendazim and potassium permanganate through a silica separator, the activity of each is ensured. The untreated black vitriol in the prior art is partially decomposed by heat during hot pressing to produce trivalent iron precipitate, losing the sterilization function; the porous structure of the freeze-dried particles in the present scheme delays heat conduction, and the citric acid stabilizer ensures that the retention rate of ferrous ions is more than 95%. The final cup forms a double sterilization mechanism in the soil: potassium permanganate releases active oxygen to kill surface pathogens when it comes into contact with water, and black vitriol particles continuously dissolve to release Fe 2+ Through Fenton reaction deep sterilization, the root zone disease incidence of seedlings is reduced to less than 1%.

[0168] Although the embodiments of the present application have been disclosed as above, they are not limited to the uses listed in the specification and embodiments, and can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present application, and additional modifications can be easily realized by those skilled in the art, and therefore the present application is not limited to specific details without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and equivalent scope.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a self-nutritive biodegradable transplanting cup for desert, high-altitude, and barren soils, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Crush the straw into particles with a diameter of 1-2 mm, and treat it with saturated steam pressure of 1.8-2.0 MPa for 90-120 s to obtain microfibrillated straw fibers; 2) Pass the cow manure organic fertilizer and sheep manure organic fertilizer through a 100-mesh sieve, and then pulverize the material that passes through the sieve into ultrafine particles with a particle size ≤50μm; 3) By weight, add 55-65 parts of microfibrillated straw fiber, 20-25 parts of ultrafine pulverized manure, 3-5 parts of sodium polyacrylate water-retaining agent, 8-12 parts of pregelatinized starch-based binder, 0.5-1 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 3-5 parts of sodium bentonite, 0.3-0.5 parts of zinc oxide crosslinking agent, 0.1-0.2 parts of calcium chloride, and 1-2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate into a mixer to form a primary mixture; 4) Add warm water at 38-42℃ to the mixer. The amount of warm water added is 4-6 times the mass of the pregelatinized starch-based binder. Then stir at a speed of 800-1000r / min for 4-6min to form a primary slurry. 5) Preparation of encapsulated functional particles: Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and carbendazim were premixed at a mass ratio of 4-5:1 at 45-50℃ for 30-40 min to form an inclusion complex; the inclusion complex and κ-carrageenan were dissolved in water at 58-62℃ at a mass ratio of 2-3:1 to prepare an encapsulation mixture with a mass concentration of 5-7%; the mixture was dried by a centrifugal spray dryer with the inlet temperature set to ≤110℃ and the outlet temperature set to ≤50℃ to obtain encapsulated functional particles; 6) Add 0.1-0.3 parts by weight of the encapsulating functional particles to the primary slurry and continue stirring for 2-4 minutes to form a homogeneous slurry; 7) Inject the homogeneous slurry into the mold and heat-press it into shape; 8) After demolding, the cup body is aged to obtain the transplanted cup.

2. The preparation method of the self-nutritive biodegradable transplanting cup for desert, alpine, and barren soils as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 7), the homogeneous slurry is injected into the mold to perform dynamic hot pressing molding: First stage: Increase the pressure from 0MPa to 5-7.5MPa within 60-90s, while simultaneously raising the temperature to 50-55℃, and maintain this temperature for 60-90s; Second stage: Increase the temperature to 65-68℃ at a rate of 5℃ / min, while increasing the pressure at a rate of 3.5-4.0MPa / min, until the pressure reaches 8.5-10MPa, and then hold the pressure for 200-300s. The bottom thickness of the transplanting cup is 2-5cm. The side wall of the transplanting cup is divided into an upper thin-walled area and a lower thick-walled area. The thickness of the upper thin-walled area is 0.8-1.2cm, and the thickness of the lower thick-walled area is 1.8-2.5cm. The outer diameter of the side wall of the transplanting cup is consistent along the height of the cup, forming a straight cylindrical outer contour.

3. The preparation method of the self-nutritive biodegradable transplanting cup for desert, high-altitude, and barren soils as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 6), before adding the encapsulation functional particles to the primary slurry, add 0.3-0.5% of the mass of the primary slurry of freeze-dried calcium alginate particles to the primary slurry and stir for 1-2 minutes. Calcium alginate freeze-dried granules are obtained through the following steps: Sodium alginate was dissolved in water at 50°C to prepare a sodium alginate solution with a mass fraction of 4-6%, and then calcium chloride was added to make the calcium ion concentration reach 0.1-0.15 mol / L. After freezing at -35 to -40°C for 4-6 hours, it is then sublimated and dried in a freeze dryer at a pressure of 25-30 Pa for 24-36 hours. The calcium alginate was pulverized and passed through a 150-mesh sieve to obtain freeze-dried granules.

4. The preparation method of the self-nutritive biodegradable transplanting cup for desert, alpine, and barren soils as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 5), before drying the embedding mixture, silane coupling agent KH-550 modified nano-haloite tubes are added to the embedding mixture; wherein, the amount of KH-550 modified nano-haloite tubes added is 5-8% of the mass of κ-carrageenan; KH-550 modified nano-haloite tubes are prepared through the following steps: Nano-haloite tubes were dispersed in anhydrous ethanol to form a suspension with a mass fraction of 10-12%. Add 3-5% KH-550 by weight of halloysite tube and reflux at 70-75℃ for 2-3 hours; After centrifugation, the nano-haloite tubes were dried at 105-110℃ to obtain KH-550 modified nano-haloite tubes.

5. The preparation method of the self-nutritive biodegradable transplanting cup for desert, alpine, and barren soils as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 8), after demolding and before aging, the following steps are performed in sequence: Immerse the cup in the cross-linking repair solution for 3-5 minutes at a temperature of 40-45℃. After draining, let it stand at 40-45℃ for 10-15 minutes. Perform gradient humidity control: Introduce air with a humidity of 50-55%, a temperature of 40-45℃, and a flow rate of 1.0-1.5m / s, and treat for 20-30 minutes; Increase the air humidity to 65-68% at 5%RH / min, while maintaining constant air temperature and flow rate, and treat for 40-50 minutes. Perform thermal balance treatment: Maintain constant air humidity and temperature, reduce airflow velocity to 0.2-0.3 m / s, and extend processing time to 60-90 min; Microwave treatment at 300-500W for 2-3 minutes; The cross-linking repair solution is prepared through the following steps: a) Add hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin to water at 50-55℃ to prepare a solution with a mass fraction of 5-7%, then add tannic acid and stir for 30-40 minutes. The amount of tannic acid added is 50-60% of the mass of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin to form an inclusion solution. b) Add polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether and rooting agent to the inclusion solution, and stir at 800-1000 r / min for 20-30 min in a water bath at 45-50℃ to form a pre-repair mixture; c) Disperse nano zinc oxide in anhydrous ethanol to form a 5% (w / w) suspension, and sonicate for 15-20 min. d) Inject the suspension into the pre-repair mixture and stir to mix; e) Adjust the solid content to 2.0-2.5% by adding ethanol; f) Adjust the pH to 6.0 ± 0.2 with phosphate buffer to obtain the cross-linking repair solution; The amount of polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether added is 0.4-0.8% of the inclusion solution mass; the amount of rooting agent added is 0.05-0.1% of the crosslinking repair solution mass, and the rooting agent is a compound of potassium indolebutyrate and sodium naphthaleneacetate in a mass ratio of 2:1; the amount of nano zinc oxide added is 15-18% of the tannic acid mass. The aging process involves aging for 18-24 hours in an environment with a humidity of 70-75% and an airflow speed of 0.5-0.8 m / s.

6. The preparation method of the self-nutritive biodegradable transplanting cup for desert, alpine, and barren soils as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Microwave processing employs segmented power control: First 30 seconds: 500W; Subsequent time: 300W.

7. The preparation method of the self-nutritive biodegradable transplanting cup for desert, alpine, and barren soils as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3), when forming the primary mixture, sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium tripolyphosphate are added to the mixer simultaneously; Sodium dodecyl sulfate is added at a rate of 0.05-0.1% of the total mass of all solid raw materials in the primary mixture, and is sprayed in the form of atomization at a pressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa and a droplet size of 50-100 μm. Sodium tripolyphosphate is added at a rate of 0.05-0.1% of the total mass of all solid raw materials in the primary mixture, in powder form.

8. The method for preparing self-nutritive biodegradable transplanting cups for desert, alpine, and barren soils as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 6), before adding the encapsulated functional particles, add 3-5% of the interface reinforcing fiber by mass of the primary slurry to the primary slurry and stir for 2-3 minutes. Interface-reinforced fibers are prepared through the following steps: Polyvinyl alcohol fibers are immersed in a gellan gum solution with a mass fraction of 3-5% for 10-15 minutes; wherein the mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol fibers to gellan gum solution is 1:10-15. After being removed, freeze at -18 to -20°C for 2-3 hours, and then sublimate dry in a freeze dryer at 20-25 Pa for 12-18 hours; The fibers were crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain interface-reinforced fibers.

9. The method for preparing self-nutritive biodegradable transplanting cups for desert, alpine, and barren soils as described in claim 5, characterized in that, After step e) and before step f), add ammonium persulfate at 0.05-0.1% of the total mass of the crosslinking repair solution, xanthan gum at 0.5-0.8% of the total mass, and ammonium polyacrylate dispersant at 10-15% of the mass of xanthan gum. Stir at 800-1000 r / min for 15-20 min. After step f), it also includes: g) Add 0.8-1.2% of the total mass of the crosslinking repair solution to the crosslinking repair solution, and then refrigerate at 4-6℃ for 20-30 minutes; wherein, the composite leveling agent is a mixture of polydimethylsiloxane and polyether modified siloxane in a mass ratio of 1:2-3.

10. The method for preparing self-nutritive biodegradable transplanting cups for desert, alpine, and barren soils as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 5), hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and carbendazim are premixed at a mass ratio of 4-5:

1. Silica is added as a separating agent at a mass ratio of 0.1-0.2% of the hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. Potassium permanganate powder is then added, with a mass ratio of carbendazim to potassium permanganate powder of 2:

1. The mixture is then mixed in a water bath at 45-50℃ for 30-40 minutes to form a stepwise inclusion complex. In step 6), add 0.1-0.3 parts by weight of encapsulating functional particles and 0.05-0.1 parts by weight of freeze-dried alum particles to the primary slurry, and continue stirring for 2-4 minutes to form a homogeneous slurry; Black alum freeze-dried granules are obtained through the following steps: After dissolving ferrous sulfate in water at 40-50℃ to prepare a ferrous sulfate solution with a mass fraction of 8-12%, add 0.1-0.2% citric acid by mass of the ferrous sulfate solution. Freeze at -35 to -40℃ for 4-6 hours, then sublimate in a freeze dryer at 25-30Pa for 24-36 hours, and finally pulverize and pass through a 180-220 mesh sieve.

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