A method and system for storing potatoes in high altitude areas

Abstract

The present application relates to the control adjustment technical field, especially a kind of high-altitude region potato's storage method and system, method constructs aerodynamics model by collecting environmental parameter and inverts respiration heat production rate, according to moisture dispersion potential energy and cooling condition, in oscillation ventilation and closed bud inhibition mode between alternative decision-making;Utilize sinusoidal pulsating airflow to destroy laminar boundary layer, utilize carbon dioxide accumulation to inhibit metabolism;Effectively solve the problem that physical cooling and moisture retention are difficult to consider under high-altitude low-pressure environment, realize the dynamic coupling of flow state reconstruction and metabolism inhibition;Not only greatly improve the heat exchange efficiency under low wind speed and reduce dry consumption through unsteady flow, but also can use biological spontaneous controlled atmosphere to block the accumulation of respiratory heat from the source under extreme dry conditions, significantly prolong the shelf life and commodity value of potato.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of control and regulation technology, and in particular to a method and system for storing potatoes in high-altitude areas. Background Technology

[0002] my country’s high-altitude, cool regions have become core production areas for high-quality virus-free seed potatoes and processing potatoes due to their natural isolation and climate advantages. In these regions, storage facilities that combine natural external cold sources with mechanical ventilation are the mainstream storage facilities. They usually adopt an automatic start-stop control strategy based on a single temperature threshold to achieve year-round potato supply.

[0003] However, in existing high-altitude storage practices, although conventional methods can maintain the macroscopic temperature in the storage facility within a suitable range, potatoes after being taken out of storage often exhibit problems such as significantly reduced seed potato germination viability, abnormally high reducing sugar content in processed potatoes, and non-pathological internal browning in some tubers.

[0004] This quality decline, caused by the disconnect between the microscopic physiological metabolic state of the tuber and the macroscopic storage environment control, is extremely difficult to detect through routine inspections during the storage period. This directly leads to a significant reduction in the commercial value and seed potential of high-altitude premium potatoes after they leave storage, and is a bottleneck problem in the current storage industry that urgently needs to be solved but has been neglected for a long time. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a method for storing potatoes in high-altitude areas, which aims to solve the problem that traditional storage methods are difficult to effectively remove the heat generated by stacking while avoiding severe water loss and deterioration of physiological quality of tubers due to excessive ventilation.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for storing potatoes in high-altitude areas, the method comprising the following steps:

[0007] The environmental parameters inside and outside the storage facility are acquired and uploaded to the cloud processing terminal; wherein, the environmental parameters include atmospheric pressure outside the storage facility, altitude, relative humidity inside the storage facility, temperature outside the storage facility, stacking temperature field inside the storage facility, and carbon dioxide concentration inside the storage facility.

[0008] Based on the atmospheric pressure and altitude outside the storage facility, the current aerodynamic viscosity and air density are obtained, and an aerodynamic model is constructed. At the same time, based on the rate of change of the stacking temperature field and the carbon dioxide concentration inside the storage facility, the current respiration heat production rate of the potatoes is obtained by inversion.

[0009] The water dispersion potential energy and cooling conditions are obtained based on the atmospheric pressure outside the storage, the temperature outside the storage, the stacking temperature field inside the storage, and the relative humidity inside the storage. A decision is made based on the water dispersion potential energy, the cooling conditions, and the respiration heat generation rate. The choice is made between the oscillating ventilation mode and the closed bud suppression mode. Control commands are obtained and sent to the storage terminal.

[0010] Drive the actuator according to the control command;

[0011] If the oscillating ventilation mode is entered, the fan will be driven to output a pulsating airflow with sinusoidal fluctuations to break the laminar boundary layer on the surface of the potato and carry out heat exchange.

[0012] If the closed-loop sprout suppression mode is entered, all vents and fans will be closed, and carbon dioxide will accumulate in the storage room according to the respiration of potatoes until it reaches the preset metabolic inhibition concentration threshold to block respiration and heat production.

[0013] Optionally, obtaining the water dissipation potential energy and cooling conditions based on the external atmospheric pressure, external temperature, internal stacking temperature field, and internal relative humidity includes:

[0014] Obtain the characteristic parameters of the potato, including the diameter parameter;

[0015] The saturated vapor pressure on the surface of potatoes was obtained from the temperature field of the stack inside the warehouse.

[0016] The actual water vapor pressure of the air in the gaps between potato stacks was obtained based on the relative humidity, characteristic parameters, and stack temperature field inside the storage facility.

[0017] Obtain the water vapor pressure difference between the saturated water vapor pressure and the actual water vapor pressure;

[0018] The water vapor pressure difference is corrected based on the atmospheric pressure outside the reservoir to compensate for the amplification effect of the atmospheric pressure environment on the water diffusion rate, so as to obtain the water dispersion potential energy.

[0019] Simultaneously, the average value of the outside temperature and the inside temperature field of the stacked goods are compared to obtain the cooling conditions.

[0020] Optionally, the step of making a decision based on the water dissipation potential energy, cooling conditions, and respiration heat production rate, and selecting between the oscillating ventilation mode and the closed-loop bud suppression mode, includes:

[0021] Obtain the critical dehydration threshold corresponding to the potato variety;

[0022] Determine whether the water dispersion potential energy is lower than the critical dehydration threshold, and determine whether the outside temperature is lower than the average temperature in the stacking temperature field inside the warehouse to meet the cooling conditions;

[0023] If the water dispersion potential energy is lower than the critical dehydration threshold and the cooling condition is met, then it is determined to enter the oscillation ventilation mode;

[0024] If the water dispersion potential energy is higher than or equal to the critical dehydration threshold, or the respiration heat production rate is greater than the preset safety value, then the bud-suppressing mode is entered.

[0025] Optionally, the drive fan outputs a sinusoidal pulsating airflow, specifically including:

[0026] Based on the aerodynamic viscosity and air density in the aerodynamic model, and based on the characteristic parameters of the potato, the flow frequency that induces turbulence in the potato pores is obtained, wherein the flow frequency causes the Reynolds number of the pulsating airflow to be in the range of laminar to turbulent transition.

[0027] The operating frequency of the fan is controlled to oscillate periodically around the flow frequency, so that the pulsating airflow alternates between peaks and troughs. The airflow passing through the peaks is used to disrupt the boundary layer, and the airflow passing through the troughs is used to reduce the amount of moisture carried away.

[0028] Optionally, the method further includes the following steps:

[0029] During the operation of the oscillating ventilation mode, the phase of the wind speed change of the pulsating airflow is acquired;

[0030] When in the peak phase range, the sprout inhibitor atomizing pump installed at the air inlet is triggered to start, and the sprout inhibitor is atomized and injected into the potato stack with the pulsating airflow.

[0031] When the phase is in the trough, the sprout inhibitor atomizing pump is turned off;

[0032] Among them, the diffusion characteristics of the sprout inhibitor within the stack are improved through the turbulent diffusion effect in the peak phase interval.

[0033] Optionally, the execution process of the bud-suppressing mode also includes:

[0034] After closing all vents and fans, continuously monitor the rate of increase in carbon dioxide concentration inside the storage facility.

[0035] When the carbon dioxide concentration in the storage reaches the metabolic inhibition concentration threshold, the system is kept closed.

[0036] If the carbon dioxide concentration in the storage exceeds the preset safety limit, the exhaust fan will be turned on intermittently to ventilate until the carbon dioxide concentration in the storage drops back to the metabolic inhibition concentration threshold range, so as to re-enter the sealed state.

[0037] Optionally, the inversion to obtain the current respiratory heat production rate of the potato specifically includes:

[0038] Establish a heat conduction model that incorporates the porosity and thermal conductivity of potato stacks;

[0039] The spatiotemporal distribution data of the temperature field inside the storage warehouse are input into the heat conduction model, and the heat leakage of the storage warehouse enclosure structure is obtained based on the temperature outside the warehouse.

[0040] Remove the temperature fluctuation component caused by the heat leakage from the total temperature rise data of the stacked temperature field inside the warehouse, and use the remaining temperature rise data as the internal heat source item.

[0041] Based on the average value of the current temperature field in the storage stack, obtain the heat generated by respiration per unit mass of potatoes;

[0042] The respiratory heat production rate was obtained from the respiratory heat production and time series.

[0043] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention also provides a potato storage system for high-altitude areas, the system comprising:

[0044] The data acquisition module is used to acquire environmental parameters inside and outside the storage facility and upload the environmental parameters to the cloud processing terminal; wherein, the environmental parameters include atmospheric pressure outside the storage facility, altitude, relative humidity inside the storage facility, temperature outside the storage facility, stacking temperature field inside the storage facility, and carbon dioxide concentration inside the storage facility.

[0045] The cloud processing terminal is used to obtain the current aerodynamic viscosity and air density based on the atmospheric pressure and altitude outside the storage, and to construct an aerodynamic model; at the same time, it uses the rate of change of the stacking temperature field and the carbon dioxide concentration inside the storage to invert and obtain the current respiration heat production rate of the potatoes.

[0046] The cloud processing terminal is also used to obtain water dispersion potential energy and cooling conditions based on the atmospheric pressure outside the storage, the temperature outside the storage, the stacking temperature field inside the storage, and the relative humidity inside the storage. It makes a decision based on the water dispersion potential energy, cooling conditions, and respiration heat production rate, and selects between the oscillating ventilation mode and the closed bud suppression mode. It obtains control commands and sends them to the storage terminal.

[0047] A storage terminal, wherein the storage terminal is used to drive an actuator according to the control command;

[0048] If the oscillating ventilation mode is entered, the fan will be driven to output a pulsating airflow with sinusoidal fluctuations to break the laminar boundary layer on the surface of the potato and carry out heat exchange.

[0049] If the closed-loop sprout suppression mode is entered, all vents and fans will be closed, and carbon dioxide will accumulate in the storage room according to the respiration of potatoes until the preset metabolic inhibition concentration threshold is reached to block respiration and heat production.

[0050] An actuator, which is used to respond to the control command.

[0051] Optionally, the actuator includes a fan, an electrically controlled damper, and a sprout inhibitor atomizing pump;

[0052] The fan responds to the control command and outputs air volume with a frequency that varies sinusoidally over time.

[0053] The electrically controlled damper is used to close completely when entering the closed-loop bud suppression mode to form an airtight space;

[0054] The sprout inhibitor atomizing pump is installed at the air inlet and is used to activate only during the peak phase range of the fan output in the oscillating ventilation mode.

[0055] Optionally, the data acquisition module includes wireless sensor nodes distributed at different depths inside the potato stack;

[0056] The cloud processing terminal constructs a three-dimensional temperature field based on the data from the wireless sensor nodes, identifies high-temperature hot spots based on the three-dimensional temperature field, and adjusts the amplitude parameters of the fan in the oscillation ventilation mode for the high-temperature hot spots when generating control commands.

[0057] The beneficial effects that this invention can achieve are as follows:

[0058] This invention collects real-time air pressure, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration inside and outside the storage facility in a high-altitude environment, constructs an aerodynamic model based on aerodynamic viscosity and density correction, and inversely calculates the heat production rate of potato respiration. Then, based on the calculated water dissipation potential energy and cooling conditions, it makes an intelligent decision between an oscillating ventilation mode and a closed sprout suppression mode. This solves the contradiction between cooling efficiency and tuber moisture retention caused by traditional constant wind speed ventilation in high-altitude, low-pressure environments, as well as the problem of difficulty in controlling heat accumulation inside the stack under extremely dry conditions or when external cold sources cannot be used.

[0059] Firstly, under suitable ventilation conditions, this invention drives a fan to output a sinusoidal pulsating airflow, which effectively breaks the laminar boundary layer covering the potato surface by utilizing the disturbance characteristics of unsteady flow. While significantly reducing ventilation volume to reduce moisture loss, it also enhances convective heat exchange efficiency, thus solving the problem of cooling and water loss from a physical perspective.

[0060] Secondly, in the case of excessive water dissipation potential energy and unsuitable ventilation, a sealed environment is established by completely closing the ventilation openings and fans. Carbon dioxide is accumulated in the storage by the potatoes' own respiration. When the preset metabolic inhibition concentration threshold is reached, the high concentration of carbon dioxide inhibits the activity of biological enzymes, directly blocking the heat production of respiration from the physiological source, thus achieving temperature control and preservation under zero wind speed conditions.

[0061] Finally, by dynamically switching between physical flow field reconstruction and physiological metabolic inhibition, this invention ensures that potatoes are always in a safe storage state with low desiccation and low metabolism under complex and changeable climatic conditions at high altitudes. Attached Figure Description

[0062] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of the system in Embodiment 7 of the present invention.

[0064] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0065] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0066] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0067] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixed" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can mean a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0068] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this invention involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the meaning of "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions; for example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0069] Example 1:

[0070] As attached Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for storing potatoes in high-altitude areas, the method comprising the following steps:

[0071] The environmental parameters inside and outside the storage facility are acquired and uploaded to the cloud processing terminal; wherein, the environmental parameters include atmospheric pressure outside the storage facility, altitude, relative humidity inside the storage facility, temperature outside the storage facility, stacking temperature field inside the storage facility, and carbon dioxide concentration inside the storage facility.

[0072] Based on the atmospheric pressure and altitude outside the storage facility, the current aerodynamic viscosity and air density are obtained, and an aerodynamic model is constructed. At the same time, based on the rate of change of the stacking temperature field and the carbon dioxide concentration inside the storage facility, the current respiration heat production rate of the potatoes is obtained by inversion.

[0073] The water dispersion potential energy and cooling conditions are obtained based on the atmospheric pressure outside the storage, the temperature outside the storage, the stacking temperature field inside the storage, and the relative humidity inside the storage. A decision is made based on the water dispersion potential energy, the cooling conditions, and the respiration heat generation rate. The choice is made between the oscillating ventilation mode and the closed bud suppression mode. Control commands are obtained and sent to the storage terminal.

[0074] Drive the actuator according to the control command;

[0075] If the oscillating ventilation mode is entered, the fan will be driven to output a pulsating airflow with sinusoidal fluctuations to break the laminar boundary layer on the surface of the potato and carry out heat exchange.

[0076] If the closed-loop sprout suppression mode is entered, all vents and fans will be closed, and carbon dioxide will accumulate in the storage room according to the respiration of potatoes until it reaches the preset metabolic inhibition concentration threshold to block respiration and heat production.

[0077] During potato storage at high altitudes, although the macroscopic temperature is maintained within a suitable range, the microscopic physiological and metabolic state of the tubers is disconnected from the macroscopic storage environment control. This leads to problems such as reduced seed potato germination viability, increased reducing sugar content in processed potatoes, and non-pathological internal browning after potatoes are removed from storage. This problem stems from the fact that traditional automatic start-stop control strategies based on a single temperature threshold only focus on macroscopic temperature regulation and fail to simultaneously monitor the tuber respiration heat production rate and water dissipation potential energy. As a result, ventilation operations cannot dynamically match the physiological and metabolic needs inside the stack, making it extremely difficult to identify during routine inspections during the storage period. This directly leads to a decline in the commercial value and seed potential of potatoes after they are removed from storage.

[0078] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention first employs a comprehensive environmental parameter acquisition process. Specifically, a meteorological monitoring station located outside the storage facility collects real-time data on atmospheric pressure, altitude, and temperature outside the facility. Simultaneously, a network of wireless sensor nodes deployed at different depths within the potato stack synchronously collects data on relative humidity, stack temperature field, and carbon dioxide concentration within the storage facility. This raw data is packaged and uploaded to a cloud processing terminal via an industrial-grade gateway, serving as the data foundation for subsequent physical model construction and physiological state inversion. It is worth noting that the stack temperature field here is not a single numerical value but rather a spatially distributed temperature matrix used to reflect the thermal gradient differences between the center and edges of the stack.

[0079] After the data is uploaded to the cloud, the processing terminal first constructs an aerodynamic model based on the physical characteristics of high-altitude areas. Since the air is thin at high altitudes, the air properties under standard atmospheric pressure are no longer applicable. It is necessary to introduce real-time collected atmospheric pressure and altitude for correction in order to obtain accurate aerodynamic viscosity and air density under the current operating conditions.

[0080] The system uses the following modified model to calculate the air density at the current altitude: ;

[0081] In the formula, This indicates the actual air density at high altitude.

[0082] This represents the air density constant under standard atmospheric pressure, with a value of 1.293 kg / m³.

[0083] This represents the real-time atmospheric pressure outside the reservoir, measured in Pascals (Pa).

[0084] This represents the standard atmospheric pressure constant, with a value of 101325 Pa.

[0085] This represents the standard state temperature, with a value of 0℃.

[0086] This indicates the real-time outside temperature, expressed in degrees Celsius (°C).

[0087] Based on the above expression, under the same volumetric flow rate, air density The reduction in mass flow rate means a decrease in the air mass flow rate introduced into the storage facility through the fan, which in turn leads to a decrease in the ability to remove heat. This corrective model enables the system to recognize that in areas above 2000 meters in altitude, in order to achieve the same cooling effect as in plains areas, the operating strategy of the fan must be adjusted to compensate for the loss of mass flow rate.

[0088] At the same time, the cloud processing terminal uses the rate of change of the temperature field and carbon dioxide concentration in the storage to perform inversion calculation of the potato respiration heat production rate, aiming to accurately quantify the current physiological metabolic intensity of potatoes through apparent temperature changes.

[0089] The inversion model for the rate of respiration heat production is shown below:

[0090] ;

[0091] In the formula, This represents the current respiratory heat production rate of the potato obtained through inversion;

[0092] This indicates the specific heat capacity of the potato;

[0093] This indicates the total mass of the potato stack in the storage room, expressed in kilograms (kg).

[0094] This represents the rate of change of the temperature field of the stacked goods inside the warehouse over time, i.e., the rate of temperature rise.

[0095] This represents the overall heat transfer coefficient of the storage facility's enclosure structure;

[0096] This indicates the heat dissipation surface area of ​​the storage warehouse;

[0097] Indicates the outside temperature of the warehouse;

[0098] This indicates the average temperature of the stacked items within the warehouse.

[0099] λ represents the equivalent conversion factor between carbon dioxide release and heat release during respiration;

[0100] This indicates the rate of change in the carbon dioxide concentration within the storage facility.

[0101] Understandably, a single temperature monitoring method cannot distinguish whether heat originates from external conduction or internal biological metabolism. The first two terms of the formula reflect a physical calculation based on the principle of heat balance, namely, the total temperature rise energy minus the external input / output energy theoretically equals the internal heat production. However, considering the interference of latent heat carried away by moisture evaporation during actual storage, this embodiment innovatively introduces a third term, namely a biochemical correction term based on the rate of change of carbon dioxide concentration. Since there is a fixed stoichiometric relationship between the release of carbon dioxide and the generation of heat during the aerobic respiration of potatoes, introducing this term can greatly improve the confidence of the heat production rate calculation. This allows the system to keenly detect the signal of vigorous respiration by the surge of carbon dioxide before obvious high-temperature hot spots appear in the stack.

[0102] After obtaining accurate physical and biological parameters, the system enters the core decision-making stage. The cloud processing terminal needs to calculate a key indicator—the potential energy of water dissipation—and make a choice between the oscillation ventilation mode and the bud-suppressing mode based on this.

[0103] The calculation model for the potential energy lost by water dispersion is as follows:

[0104] ;

[0105] In the formula, It represents the potential energy of water dissipation, used to characterize the strength of the tendency of potato skin moisture to diffuse into the air under the current environment;

[0106] ξ represents the water diffusion kinetic constant, which is related to the thickness of the cuticle of the potato variety;

[0107] This represents the saturated vapor pressure at the current stacking temperature, calculated using the Antoine equation.

[0108] It is also understandable that in a low-pressure environment, the mean free path of air molecules increases and the diffusion resistance of water molecules decreases. This means that even if the relative humidity reading is the same as in plains areas, the actual rate of water evaporation (dry loss) in high-altitude areas will be significantly faster. This corrects the misconception in traditional storage that relies solely on relative humidity to judge the degree of dryness, thereby avoiding the mistaken opening of ventilation under potentially high evaporation risks, which could lead to severe water loss and shrinkage of potatoes.

[0109] Based on the above, the system executes strict control logic:

[0110] First, the critical dehydration threshold of the current potato variety is obtained. If the calculated water dispersibility potential energy is lower than this threshold, and the outside temperature is lower than the inside stacking temperature (meeting the physical cooling conditions), the system determines that the environment is suitable and generates an oscillating ventilation mode command. Conversely, if the water dispersibility potential energy is higher than the threshold (indicating that the environment is extremely dry or the air pressure is extremely low, and ventilation will lead to severe desiccation), or if the inverted respiration heat production rate is abnormally high (indicating excessive biological metabolism), the system determines that the risk of physical cooling is too high or the efficiency is insufficient, and forcibly generates a closure and sprout suppression mode command.

[0111] When the storage terminal receives the oscillation ventilation mode command, it will drive the variable frequency fan to output a sinusoidal pulsating airflow. The special feature of this airflow is that its wind speed is not constant, but oscillates periodically at a specific frequency. This pulsating airflow can generate an unsteady turbulence effect, effectively destroying the stagnant laminar boundary layer on the surface of potato tubers. The laminar boundary layer is the main thermal resistance area that hinders heat exchange. By destroying it, the convective heat transfer coefficient can be significantly improved without increasing the total ventilation volume (i.e., without removing more moisture), thus achieving the technical effect of efficient cooling and low-loss water retention.

[0112] When the storage terminal receives the shutdown and sprout suppression mode command, the actuator will close all air intake and exhaust dampers and fans, creating an airtight space in the storage room. At this time, the system utilizes the potatoes' own aerobic respiration to consume oxygen and release carbon dioxide. As the shutdown time progresses, the carbon dioxide concentration in the storage room gradually accumulates. When the concentration reaches a preset metabolic inhibition threshold (e.g., 1.5%-2%), the high concentration of carbon dioxide will have a feedback inhibitory effect on the electron transport chain of the potato mitochondria, thereby forcibly reducing the potato's respiration intensity and heat production rate. This mode cleverly utilizes respiratory products to inhibit respiration itself, making it the optimal control strategy when external cold sources (such as excessively hot or dry conditions) are unavailable.

[0113] Example 2:

[0114] In this embodiment, obtaining the water dispersion potential energy and cooling conditions based on the external atmospheric pressure, external temperature, internal stacking temperature field, and internal relative humidity includes:

[0115] Obtain the characteristic parameters of the potato, including the diameter parameter;

[0116] The saturated vapor pressure on the surface of potatoes was obtained from the temperature field of the stack inside the warehouse.

[0117] The actual water vapor pressure of the air in the gaps between potato stacks was obtained based on the relative humidity, characteristic parameters, and stack temperature field inside the storage facility.

[0118] Obtain the water vapor pressure difference between the saturated water vapor pressure and the actual water vapor pressure;

[0119] The water vapor pressure difference is corrected based on the atmospheric pressure outside the reservoir to compensate for the amplification effect of the atmospheric pressure environment on the water diffusion rate, so as to obtain the water dispersion potential energy.

[0120] Simultaneously, the average value of the outside temperature and the inside temperature field of the stacked goods are compared to obtain the cooling conditions.

[0121] In this embodiment, the drive fan outputs a sinusoidal pulsating airflow, specifically including:

[0122] Based on the aerodynamic viscosity and air density in the aerodynamic model, and based on the characteristic parameters of the potato, the flow frequency that induces turbulence in the potato pores is obtained, wherein the flow frequency causes the Reynolds number of the pulsating airflow to be in the range of laminar to turbulent transition.

[0123] The operating frequency of the fan is controlled to oscillate periodically around the flow frequency, so that the pulsating airflow alternates between peaks and troughs. The airflow passing through the peaks is used to disrupt the boundary layer, and the airflow passing through the troughs is used to reduce the amount of moisture carried away.

[0124] Understandably, in physics, the evaporation rate of water depends not only on the vapor pressure difference (driving force) but also on the diffusion resistance, which is directly related to the size (diameter) of the object (the smaller the size, the larger the specific surface area, the thinner the boundary layer, and the faster the evaporation). Therefore, if we continue to use the general formula in Example 1 that only includes pressure correction, it will not reflect the essential difference in the potato's diameter parameter in terms of dehydration resistance. Based on this, this example adopts a variation of the calculation model for water dispersion potential energy, satisfying: ;

[0125] The difference lies in the parameters:

[0126] ψ represents a dimensionless correction coefficient used to correct the impact of stacking methods (such as loose stacking or box stacking) on ​​airflow obstruction. The data comes from the system's preset stacking mode parameters.

[0127] Indicates the air pressure correction term;

[0128] Sh represents the Sherwood number, which characterizes the ratio of convective mass transfer rate to diffusion mass transfer rate. The data comes from an empirical correlation based on the Reynolds number Re and the Schmidt number Sc.

[0129] This represents the molecular diffusion coefficient of water vapor in air, and this value changes dynamically with temperature and air pressure.

[0130] This parameter represents the characteristic diameter of the potato, and the data comes from machine vision scanning or batch sampling data entry during warehousing. This parameter is located in the denominator and clearly reveals the physical law that the smaller the tuber diameter, the greater the potential energy lost due to water dispersion.

[0131] This represents the saturated vapor pressure calculated based on the surface temperature of the stack.

[0132] This represents the actual water vapor pressure calculated based on the relative humidity of the stacking gaps.

[0133] In high-altitude, arid environments, relying solely on meteorological parameters can lead to misjudgments. For instance, even in the same arid environment, seed potatoes with thick cuticles and large diameters exhibit greater tolerance, while small-diameter processing potatoes face a significantly higher risk of dehydration. This formula introduces a characteristic diameter term, enabling the system to automatically weight the risk value of small potatoes when calculating the water dissipation potential energy. This modified design allows the judgment threshold to be dynamically adjusted based on variety and size, rather than being a one-size-fits-all approach, thus achieving more precise water retention control than in Example 1.

[0134] After determining the oscillating ventilation mode, the process of driving the fan to output pulsating airflow also adopts a more complex fluid dynamics calculation model, requiring the Reynolds number of the airflow to be in the range of laminar to turbulent transition. In order to achieve this precise control, a specific oscillation frequency must be determined. This frequency cannot be set arbitrarily, but must be fluid-structure coupled with the size of the potato to achieve resonance.

[0135] The formula for calculating the frequency of induced turbulence in fluctuating airflow is as follows:

[0136] ;

[0137] In the formula, This indicates the center oscillation frequency of the variable frequency drive for the wind turbine;

[0138] This represents the optimal Strouhal number, with a value range of 0.198 to 0.21. This is the optimal dimensionless frequency range for inducing the flow around a cylinder to generate a Karman vortex street in fluid mechanics.

[0139] This represents the aerodynamic viscosity at high altitudes, expressed in Pascal-seconds (Pa·s).

[0140] The target Reynolds number, which indicates the transition from laminar to turbulent flow, is usually set in a specific range around the critical value of 2300 (e.g., 300-600, depending on the packing porosity).

[0141] This represents the air density at high altitudes, a value obtained through aerodynamic model correction.

[0142] Understandably, this embodiment employs a variant model incorporating the characteristic diameter of the potato because turbulence arises from the interplay between fluid inertial and viscous forces, a game heavily dependent on the characteristic scale (diameter). The formula logically indicates that for smaller potatoes, a higher oscillation frequency is required to induce turbulence, while for larger potatoes, a lower frequency suffices. This design ensures that regardless of the potato's size, the system's pulsed airflow precisely breaks the laminar boundary layer (i.e., thermal resistance layer) on its surface. Using a fixed frequency might be effective for large potatoes but fail to disrupt the boundary layer for small potatoes (insufficient Reynolds number), or effective for small potatoes but cause excessive blowing for large potatoes (excessive Reynolds number). This formula, through real-time calculation of the optimal frequency, finds a perfect balance between disrupting boundary layer heat dissipation and preventing excessive evaporation—a crucial means of achieving effective storage in high-altitude regions.

[0143] Example 3:

[0144] In this embodiment, the method further includes the following steps:

[0145] During the operation of the oscillating ventilation mode, the phase of the wind speed change of the pulsating airflow is acquired;

[0146] When in the peak phase range, the sprout inhibitor atomizing pump installed at the air inlet is triggered to start, and the sprout inhibitor is atomized and injected into the potato stack with the pulsating airflow.

[0147] When the phase is in the trough, the sprout inhibitor atomizing pump is turned off;

[0148] Among them, the diffusion characteristics of the sprout inhibitor within the stack are improved through the turbulent diffusion effect in the peak phase interval.

[0149] Understandably, when the system is operating in oscillating ventilation mode, the cloud processing terminal will collect the feedback speed or drive voltage signal of the variable frequency fan in real time and map it into a time function of wind speed. Since the fan executes a sinusoidal pulsating airflow command, its instantaneous wind speed exhibits periodic strength changes. The system uses a real-time phase tracking algorithm to divide a complete oscillation cycle into peak phase intervals and trough phase intervals. During this process, the cloud processing terminal uses a phase-triggered control model to determine the start and stop status of the sprout inhibitor atomizing pump.

[0150] The phase-triggered control model determines and executes decisions using the following logical formula: ;

[0151] In the formula, This indicates the control status of the sprout inhibitor atomizing pump at time t. A value of 1 indicates that spraying is on, and a value of 0 indicates that it is off.

[0152] H represents the Herveside step function, which is used to convert a continuous phase signal into a discrete signal of a switching quantity. The function outputs 1 when the variable inside the function is greater than or equal to 0, and outputs 0 otherwise.

[0153] t represents the current running time in seconds (s), and the data comes from the system clock;

[0154] It represents the airflow transport lag phase angle, in radians (rad), and is used to compensate for the time difference between the fan outlet and the atomizing pump installation position and the time difference between the airflow generation and the establishment of a steady-state flow field. The data comes from the calibration value during system debugging.

[0155] The threshold value for determining the peak phase interval is a dimensionless constant, typically set between 0.5 and 0.8.

[0156] Understandably, the sine term in the formula It reflects the energy state of the pulsating airflow in real time. When the sine value is greater than the threshold... When the sine value is below the threshold (wave trough phase), the airflow is at its highest velocity and kinetic energy peak. At this time, the Reynolds number reaches its peak, resulting in the strongest turbulence in the potato stack pores. The airflow's ability to carry pesticide particles and penetrate deep into the stack is also at its maximum. Therefore, the formula logic forces the atomizing pump to operate only during this high-energy period (output 1). Conversely, when the sine value is below the threshold (wave trough phase), the airflow velocity is low, even approaching laminar flow. If pesticide is sprayed at this time, the particles are likely to settle near the air inlet or on the stack surface due to insufficient kinetic energy, unable to penetrate deeply. Through the cutoff effect of the step function H, the system automatically shuts off the atomizing pump (output 0), thus avoiding pesticide waste during inefficient transmission periods.

[0157] It is also understandable that the air density is low in high-altitude areas, and the gas momentum at the same wind speed is smaller than that in plains areas, so the ability to carry droplets is naturally weaker. If traditional continuous spraying is used, a large amount of liquid will accumulate in these areas due to insufficient carrier gas momentum, causing localized damage or waste. This embodiment not only utilizes the efficient diffusion characteristics of strong turbulence during the peak period to uniformly deliver submicron-sized seed inhibitor droplets (such as menthol submicroemulsion) to the core area of ​​the stack through the above formula logic, but also effectively prevents the condensation and deposition of liquid due to low flow velocity during the trough period, greatly improving the utilization rate and coverage uniformity of the seed inhibitor, and achieving perfect spatiotemporal coupling of fluid dynamics and chemical control.

[0158] Example 4:

[0159] In this embodiment, the step of making a decision based on the water dissipation potential energy, cooling conditions, and respiration heat production rate, and selecting between the oscillating ventilation mode and the bud-suppressing mode, includes:

[0160] Obtain the critical dehydration threshold corresponding to the potato variety;

[0161] Determine whether the water dispersion potential energy is lower than the critical dehydration threshold, and determine whether the outside temperature is lower than the average temperature in the stacking temperature field inside the warehouse to meet the cooling conditions;

[0162] If the water dispersion potential energy is lower than the critical dehydration threshold and the cooling condition is met, then it is determined to enter the oscillation ventilation mode;

[0163] If the water dispersion potential energy is higher than or equal to the critical dehydration threshold, or the respiration heat production rate is greater than the preset safety value, then the bud-suppressing mode is entered.

[0164] It should be noted that different potato varieties (such as Sichuan Liangyu 13, Dutch Fifteen, and Atlantic) exhibit drastically different tolerances to moisture evaporation under high-altitude, low-pressure environments due to differences in the thickness of the cuticle, the degree of periderm corkation, and the specific surface area of ​​the tuber. The cloud processing terminal retrieves the corresponding threshold parameters from its built-in expert database by reading the variety information in the stored files. Subsequently, the system enters a parallel judgment process: on the one hand, it compares the water dispersion potential energy calculated by pressure correction in the previous embodiment with the critical dehydration threshold to assess whether opening ventilation under current meteorological conditions will cause irreversible shrinkage and drying loss; on the other hand, the system compares the thermodynamic potential difference between the outside temperature and the average temperature in the stacking temperature field inside the storage to confirm the existence of an effective natural cold source.

[0165] To quantify this decision-making process, the system uses the following logical discriminant function for mode selection:

[0166] ;

[0167] In the formula, This indicates the final operating mode state determined by the system. Represents an oscillating ventilation mode. This represents a bud-suppressing mode;

[0168] This represents the water dissipation potential energy, which is the water evaporation potential calculated in the previous steps, including the pressure correction term.

[0169] The critical dehydration threshold is a dimensionless constant or a constant with an equivalent evaporation rate unit, and the data comes from a variety characteristic database.

[0170] This indicates the real-time outside temperature, expressed in degrees Celsius (°C).

[0171] The average temperature of the stacked temperature field inside the warehouse is expressed in degrees Celsius (°C) and is obtained by weighted averaging of data from multiple sensors within the stack.

[0172] This indicates the effective heat exchange temperature difference dead zone, which is usually set to 2°C to 3°C to prevent the fan from working ineffectively when the internal and external temperature difference is too small.

[0173] This represents the current respiratory heat production rate of the potato obtained through inversion, expressed in watts per kilogram (W / kg).

[0174] This represents the preset safe value for respiratory heat production, i.e., the biological heat load warning line, with data sourced from the potato physiological metabolism model.

[0175] The logic for determining the oscillating ventilation mode requires that the following two conditions be met simultaneously: "the water dissipation potential energy is below a threshold" and "the outside temperature has cooling capacity" (logical AND relationship). This is because cold air at high altitudes is often accompanied by extreme dryness. If ventilation is started solely based on low temperature, it can easily lead to successful cooling but the potatoes drying out prematurely. Therefore, this embodiment mandates the introduction of this condition. < As a safety condition for ventilation, the system is only allowed to start the fan for physical heat exchange when the humidity of the outside air (after pressure correction) is within the range that the potato skin can tolerate and can indeed bring about a cooling effect.

[0176] The logic for determining the closed-loop bud suppression mode is that the system will forcibly switch to closed-loop mode as long as either "the environment is too dry" or "heat generation is too fast" is met.

[0177] The first scenario ( ≥ This is a defense against extremely dry weather at high altitudes. When the outside is extremely dry, any form of ventilation will deprive the tubers of moisture. At this time, closing the air vents to form an airtight space temporarily sacrifices the physical cooling capacity, but by eliminating the exchange of gases between the inside and outside, the transpiration of the tubers themselves can be used to create a high-humidity microenvironment in the storage, thus prioritizing water retention.

[0178] The second scenario ( > In traditional thinking, if the heat generated by stacking is too high ( In high-altitude areas, ventilation is usually increased; however, in areas with poor external conditions (such as high daytime temperatures or extreme dryness), forced ventilation is ineffective. In such cases, the system determines that the biological metabolism is out of control and enters a closed mode, using the potato's own respiration to consume oxygen and accumulate carbon dioxide. When the carbon dioxide concentration rises to a certain level (metabolic inhibition concentration), it will in turn inhibit enzyme activity, cutting off heat generation from the biochemical source. This strategy is an advanced self-rescue mechanism when physical cooling methods fail or are risky.

[0179] Example 5:

[0180] In this embodiment, the execution process of the bud-suppressing mode further includes:

[0181] After closing all vents and fans, continuously monitor the rate of increase in carbon dioxide concentration inside the storage facility.

[0182] When the carbon dioxide concentration in the storage reaches the metabolic inhibition concentration threshold, the system is kept closed.

[0183] If the carbon dioxide concentration inside the storage exceeds the preset safety limit, the exhaust fans will be turned on intermittently for ventilation.

[0184] The system will remain sealed until the carbon dioxide concentration in the storage chamber falls back to the metabolic inhibition concentration threshold range.

[0185] It should be noted that when the system determines that it has entered the closed-loop sprout suppression mode, its core control strategy is no longer to use the external cold source for sensible heat exchange. Instead, it induces the potato tubers to enter a low-metabolic dormant state by precisely controlling the gas composition in the storage microenvironment. The actuator first responds to the instructions of the cloud processing terminal, drives all the electrically controlled dampers to close completely, and forcibly stops the operation of all intake and exhaust fans, thereby creating an airtight space that is relatively isolated from the external atmospheric environment.

[0186] In this closed environment, the system utilizes the aerobic respiration characteristics of potato tubers as a regulatory mechanism. During their life activities, potatoes consume oxygen in the storage area and continuously release carbon dioxide. The cloud processing terminal continuously acquires real-time data on the carbon dioxide concentration in the storage area at a high-frequency sampling rate (e.g., once per minute) through a gas sensor array deployed inside the stack, and calculates its rate of increase. In order to achieve precise control of the physiological state, the system does not passively wait for the concentration to reach the target, but uses a predictive model based on respiratory dynamics to calculate the time required to reach the target inhibitory concentration, so as to plan control strategies in advance.

[0187] The formula for predicting the time it takes for carbon dioxide concentration to reach the target level is designed as follows:

[0188] ;

[0189] This indicates the estimated time required to reach the metabolic inhibition concentration threshold, expressed in hours (h). The data is derived from the predictive calculations of the cloud processing terminal.

[0190] This represents the free empty volume within the storage facility, which is the remaining space after subtracting the volume occupied by the potato stack from the total volume of the storage facility. The unit is cubic meters ($m^3$). The data is derived from the difference between the storage facility modeling data and the amount of potatoes entering the storage facility.

[0191] This indicates the preset metabolic inhibition concentration threshold, which is usually set to 1.5% to 2.0% by mass. The data comes from a database of physiological characteristics for different potato varieties.

[0192] This indicates the current measured carbon dioxide concentration in the storage facility, expressed as a mass fraction (%), with data sourced from the gas sensor inside the storage facility.

[0193] The carbon dioxide generation rate per unit mass of potato is represented by the respiration heat production rate obtained from the previous example through biochemical equivalent conversion.

[0194] This indicates the total mass of the potato stack inside the warehouse.

[0195] By constructing a dynamic time-based early warning mechanism, it is found that in high-altitude areas, due to lower atmospheric pressure and significantly lower air density compared to plains areas, the formula incorporates... The parameters are designed to correct for calculation errors in gas mass. If this correction is ignored and standard atmospheric parameters are applied directly, the total gas mass will be overestimated, which will lead to a longer predicted time to meet the standard and may delay the control timing. Through this formula, the system can accurately predict when the environment inside the storage facility will enter the bud suppression state, thereby remaining silent until that moment is reached and avoiding unnecessary equipment actions that may interfere with the microenvironment construction.

[0196] When the carbon dioxide concentration in the storage rises to the metabolic inhibition concentration threshold, the system enters a steady-state maintenance phase. At this time, the higher concentration of carbon dioxide competitively inhibits succinate dehydrogenase in the mitochondria of potato cells, significantly slowing down the process of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This physiological inhibition directly leads to a reduction in the consumption of respiratory substrates, thereby blocking the generation of respiratory heat at its source. This is one of the reasons why this embodiment can maintain a stable storage temperature when ventilation and cooling are not possible (such as when the outside environment is extremely dry or hot).

[0197] Meanwhile, excessively high carbon dioxide concentrations can trigger anaerobic respiration in potatoes, leading to physiological diseases such as alcohol accumulation and black heart disease. Therefore, the system must set a strict safety barrier. The cloud processing terminal monitors the concentration data in real time. Once the carbon dioxide concentration in the storage exceeds the preset safety limit (e.g., 2.5%), the system will immediately trigger intermittent ventilation logic. At this time, in order to remove excess carbon dioxide while minimizing moisture loss, the system needs to accurately calculate the operating time of the exhaust fan and implement micro-displacement.

[0198] The formula for controlling the duration of intermittent ventilation is as follows:

[0199] ;

[0200] In the formula, This indicates the duration of a single operation during which the exhaust fan needs to be turned on, in seconds (s). The data is derived from real-time calculations by the cloud processing terminal.

[0201] This indicates the free clearance volume within the storage facility, with the same meaning as above;

[0202] This indicates the actual volumetric flow rate of the exhaust fan at the current high-altitude air density, which needs to be corrected based on the fan characteristic curve and altitude.

[0203] This indicates the upper limit of safe carbon dioxide concentration at which an alarm will be triggered (e.g., 2.5%), and the data comes from the system's preset safety policy.

[0204] This represents the target drop concentration, i.e., the optimal range of the metabolic inhibition concentration threshold (e.g., 1.8%), and the data comes from optimizing the control target;

[0205] This represents the background concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere outside the reservoir, typically taken as 0.04%, with data sourced from meteorological constants or external sensors.

[0206] This represents the natural logarithm function, used to describe the exponential decay characteristics of the gas dilution process.

[0207] Understandably, the formula is based on a dilution model of a fully mixed flow reactor (CSTR model), using logarithmic relationships to accurately calculate the concentration from... Down to The minimum required time, in the dry environment of high altitude, is calculated using this formula, where every second of ventilation results in the loss of precious moisture; Typically, the system only needs to drive the exhaust fan for a very short period of time before stopping, which eliminates the risk of suffocation and avoids disrupting the established high-humidity microenvironment due to excessive ventilation. This ensures that potatoes can continue to maintain a low-metabolism, high-quality storage state after re-entering the sealed state. This precise controlled atmosphere reset mechanism is a major improvement over the traditional extensive timed ventilation.

[0208] Example 6:

[0209] In this embodiment, the inversion to obtain the current respiratory heat production rate of the potato specifically includes:

[0210] Establish a heat conduction model that incorporates the porosity and thermal conductivity of potato stacks;

[0211] The spatiotemporal distribution data of the temperature field inside the storage warehouse are input into the heat conduction model, and the heat leakage of the storage warehouse enclosure structure is obtained based on the temperature outside the warehouse.

[0212] Remove the temperature fluctuation component caused by the heat leakage from the total temperature rise data of the stacked temperature field inside the warehouse, and use the remaining temperature rise data as the internal heat source item.

[0213] Based on the average value of the current temperature field in the storage stack, obtain the heat generated by respiration per unit mass of potatoes;

[0214] The respiratory heat production rate was obtained from the respiratory heat production and time series.

[0215] Understandably, in actual storage, potato stacks are not homogeneous entities, but rather porous media composed of solid tubers and interstitial air. Therefore, the model must incorporate the key parameter of stack porosity to correct for the effective thermal conductivity of the mixed medium. The cloud processing terminal calculates the macroscopic porosity of the stack based on the stack volume and net weight of the potatoes scanned upon entry into storage, and, combined with the air thermal properties under the current high-altitude air pressure, constructs the following formula for calculating the effective thermal conductivity:

[0216] ;

[0217] In the formula, This indicates the effective thermal conductivity of a potato stack, which determines how easily heat is conducted inside the stack.

[0218] φ represents the porosity of the potato stack, which is a dimensionless parameter. The data comes from the volume measurement and mass conversion at the time of entry into the warehouse.

[0219] This represents the thermal conductivity of the air in the stacking gaps. This value needs to be corrected based on the measured temperature inside the warehouse and the air density at high altitudes.

[0220] This represents the thermal conductivity of the potato tuber itself, and the data comes from the potato physical properties database.

[0221] Based on this, the system inputs the spatiotemporal distribution data of the temperature field of the stacked material inside the storage facility into the aforementioned heat conduction model. Since the storage facility is not an insulated structure, fluctuations in the external ambient temperature will transfer heat (or lose heat) into the facility through the enclosure structure (walls, roof). This heat leakage phenomenon will seriously interfere with the judgment of internal biological heat. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate the heat leakage of the storage facility's enclosure structure in real time. The cloud processing terminal uses the difference between the external temperature and the internal edge temperature, combined with the thermal resistance characteristics of the enclosure structure, and uses a variant of Newton's law of cooling for calculation:

[0222] ;

[0223] In the formula, This represents the total heat leakage of the storage facility's enclosure structure; a positive value indicates heat transfer, while a negative value indicates heat loss.

[0224] n represents the number of sections of the building envelope (such as east wall, west wall, roof, etc.).

[0225] This represents the heat transfer coefficient of the i-th partition, and the data comes from the thermal parameter table of the building materials of the warehouse.

[0226] This represents the heat transfer area of ​​the i-th partition;

[0227] This indicates the real-time outside temperature, expressed in degrees Celsius (°C).

[0228] This represents the measured temperature of the inner wall of the i-th partition, in degrees Celsius (°C). The data comes from a temperature sensor installed on the wall.

[0229] After obtaining the total heat loss, the system performs the most crucial elimination and inversion steps. According to the law of conservation of energy, the rate of change of total internal energy within the stack is equal to the sum of the internal biological heat generation rate and the boundary net heat flux. To obtain the pure biological internal heat source term, the system needs to remove the components from the observed total temperature rise data. The resulting temperature fluctuation component;

[0230] The formula for calculating the heat production per unit mass of potato respiration is designed as follows:

[0231] ;

[0232] In the formula, This represents the real-time respiration heat production per unit mass of potato obtained through inversion;

[0233] The overall specific heat capacity of a potato stack is expressed in joules per kilogram per degree Celsius (J / (kg·℃)), and is obtained by weighting the specific heat capacity of the tuber and the specific heat capacity of air by mass fraction.

[0234] It represents the rate of change of the average temperature of the stacked goods in the warehouse over time, i.e., the measured total temperature rise rate. The data comes from the time series differential of the temperature field.

[0235] This represents the total heat leakage of the building envelope obtained from the aforementioned calculations;

[0236] This represents the heat removed by ventilation during the calculation period; if the system is in locked mode, this value is zero.

[0237] This indicates the total mass of potatoes in the storage, compared to the mass in the aforementioned embodiments. Completely equivalent.

[0238] It should be noted that in high-altitude areas, strong solar radiation during the day may cause the storage temperature to rise, which is not due to the potatoes themselves rotting and generating heat; while extremely low temperatures at night may cause the storage temperature to drop, masking the risk of burning inside the storage. Through the subtraction term in the formula, the system can mathematically eliminate external meteorological interference.

[0239] For example, when the outside temperature rises suddenly... When the value is positive, the formula will automatically deduct this external heat from the total temperature rise, thereby restoring the true heat production of the potato. This processing logic gives the system a strong environmental adaptability, enabling it to accurately distinguish between environmental heat and biological heat, ensuring that the physiological state of the potato is not misjudged due to drastic fluctuations in external weather when making decisions.

[0240] Ultimately, the system calculates based on the continuous time series... The respiratory heat production rate curve is generated. Once a non-linear exponential increase in this rate is detected, it can be determined that abnormal physiological stress has occurred inside the stack, thereby triggering the bud-suppressing mode.

[0241] Example 7:

[0242] As attached Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a potato storage system for high-altitude areas, the system comprising:

[0243] The data acquisition module is used to acquire environmental parameters inside and outside the storage facility and upload the environmental parameters to the cloud processing terminal; wherein, the environmental parameters include atmospheric pressure outside the storage facility, altitude, relative humidity inside the storage facility, temperature outside the storage facility, stacking temperature field inside the storage facility, and carbon dioxide concentration inside the storage facility.

[0244] The cloud processing terminal is used to obtain the current aerodynamic viscosity and air density based on the atmospheric pressure and altitude outside the storage, and to construct an aerodynamic model; at the same time, it uses the rate of change of the stacking temperature field and the carbon dioxide concentration inside the storage to invert and obtain the current respiration heat production rate of the potatoes.

[0245] The cloud processing terminal is also used to obtain water dispersion potential energy and cooling conditions based on the atmospheric pressure outside the storage, the temperature outside the storage, the stacking temperature field inside the storage, and the relative humidity inside the storage. It makes a decision based on the water dispersion potential energy, cooling conditions, and respiration heat production rate, and selects between the oscillating ventilation mode and the closed bud suppression mode. It obtains control commands and sends them to the storage terminal.

[0246] A storage terminal, wherein the storage terminal is used to drive an actuator according to the control command;

[0247] If the oscillating ventilation mode is entered, the fan will be driven to output a pulsating airflow with sinusoidal fluctuations to break the laminar boundary layer on the surface of the potato and carry out heat exchange.

[0248] If the closed-loop sprout suppression mode is entered, all vents and fans will be closed, and carbon dioxide will accumulate in the storage room according to the respiration of potatoes until the preset metabolic inhibition concentration threshold is reached to block respiration and heat production.

[0249] An actuator, which is used to respond to the control command.

[0250] In this embodiment, the actuator includes a fan, an electrically controlled damper, and a sprout inhibitor atomizing pump;

[0251] The fan responds to the control command and outputs air volume with a frequency that varies sinusoidally over time.

[0252] The electrically controlled damper is used to close completely when entering the closed-loop bud suppression mode to form an airtight space;

[0253] The sprout inhibitor atomizing pump is installed at the air inlet and is used to activate only during the peak phase range of the fan output in the oscillating ventilation mode.

[0254] In this embodiment, the data acquisition module includes wireless sensor nodes distributed at different depths inside the potato stack;

[0255] The cloud processing terminal constructs a three-dimensional temperature field based on the data from the wireless sensor nodes, identifies high-temperature hot spots based on the three-dimensional temperature field, and adjusts the amplitude parameters of the fan in the oscillation ventilation mode for the high-temperature hot spots when generating control commands.

[0256] It should be noted that the system in this embodiment is physically composed of a data acquisition module, a storage terminal, an actuator deployed on-site, and a cloud processing terminal deployed on a remote server, forming a closed-loop control circuit.

[0257] First, the data acquisition module is the system's sensing front end, comprising two sensor arrays: one is a meteorological monitoring station installed outside the storage facility, used to capture real-time atmospheric pressure, altitude, and temperature outside the storage facility—parameters that define the boundaries of the natural cold sources available to the system; the other is a high-density microenvironment monitoring network deployed inside the storage facility, used to collect relative humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, and temperature field of the potato stacks. Specifically, the data acquisition module employs layered wireless sensor nodes inside the potato stacks. These nodes are networked using low-power wireless communication protocols (such as LoRa or NB-IoT), solving the problems of traditional wired sensors being difficult to wire deep within the stacks and easily damaging the tubers. The wireless sensor nodes are distributed according to a preset grid density at the bottom, central core area, and top surface of the stack, thereby achieving three-dimensional sensing of the thermodynamic state inside the stack.

[0258] As the computing hub of the system, the cloud processing terminal receives raw data streams from the data acquisition module. First, based on the input atmospheric pressure and altitude outside the storage, it calls upon the built-in aerodynamic model database to dynamically correct the aerodynamic viscosity and air density parameters. Next, the cloud processing terminal uses the inversion algorithm described in the previous embodiment, combined with the time-varying characteristics of the storage stack temperature field and carbon dioxide concentration, to calculate the current respiration heat production rate of the potatoes in real time. More importantly, based on the atmospheric pressure outside the storage, the outside temperature, the storage stack temperature field, and the relative humidity inside the storage, the cloud processing terminal calculates the water dissipation potential energy and cooling conditions in parallel. Based on these quantitative indicators, the cloud processing terminal runs a decision logic algorithm to select between "oscillating ventilation mode" and "closed sprout suppression mode," and generates control commands containing specific operating parameters (such as frequency, opening degree, and duration), which are then sent to the storage site via an encrypted network.

[0259] The storage terminal is an edge gateway connecting the cloud and physical devices. It is responsible for parsing the control commands sent from the cloud and converting them into standard industrial control signals (such as 4-20mA current loops or Modbus commands) to drive the actuators, which include variable frequency fans, electrically controlled dampers, and germination inhibitor atomizing pumps.

[0260] When the system enters the oscillating ventilation mode, the storage terminal drives the variable frequency fan to output a pulsating airflow with sinusoidal fluctuations. Here, "sinusoidal fluctuations" does not refer to the fan simply rotating, but rather that the fan's operating frequency fluctuates around the reference frequency according to a sinusoidal function over time. The unsteady effect generated by this pulsating airflow in fluid mechanics can effectively disrupt the laminar boundary layer on the potato surface and enhance heat exchange. At the same time, the sprout inhibitor atomizing pump is strictly locked by logic and only turns on during the peak phase range of the fan output (i.e., when the flow rate is highest and the turbulence is strongest) to achieve deep penetration of the agent.

[0261] To address the potential issue of localized overheating within the stack, the cloud processing terminal utilizes data uploaded from wireless sensor nodes to construct a three-dimensional temperature field model. The system employs spatial interpolation algorithms (such as Kriging interpolation) to reconstruct discrete sensor point data into a continuous temperature distribution, thereby accurately identifying the specific location and intensity of high-temperature hotspots. When generating control commands, the system dynamically adjusts the fan amplitude parameters in the oscillating ventilation mode for the identified high-temperature hotspots.

[0262] Example 8:

[0263] Taking a potato seed storage facility of an agricultural research institute as an example, the storage facility was built with prefabricated materials. The facility is 31.1 meters long from north to south, 11.2 meters wide from east to west, and 4 meters high, with an area of ​​340 square meters. The large span and insufficient ground ventilation facilities resulted in unsatisfactory cooling effect for seed potato storage. Some seed potatoes were stored for as long as 220 days. The inadequate storage conditions and poor storage effect led to poor seed potato quality.

[0264] For this storage facility, the storage method was improved using the scheme in Example 1. Necessary internal and external thermometers and hygrometers, as well as ventilation facilities, were added to the potato stacks. Ten new air convection windows (5 each, 50cm x 50cm) were added to the north and south walls at the same height as the indoor ground level, spaced 1 meter apart. One 500W intake fan was installed on the north wall 110cm above the ground, and one 500W exhaust fan was installed on the south wall 110cm above the ground. 190 100cm x 100cm platforms were purchased and arranged in a north-south direction, with two platforms per group, spaced 50cm apart. Each group of platforms was equipped with two 15W split-type duct ventilation fans, each with two 100mm ventilation ducts for exhaust. Ventilation was partially or fully opened in stages based on real-time data to control humidity at around 85%, removing excess carbon dioxide and other harmful gases from the storage facility, thus ensuring effective ventilation.

[0265] Seed potatoes were stored in August, with a stack height of no more than 70cm on the platform. Monitoring showed that after 61 days of storage, the average sprout length of conventionally stored Chuanliangyu 13 seed potatoes was 3.23cm, while that of intelligently stored Chuanliangyu 13 seed potatoes was 1.10cm. After removing sprouts, storage continued. After 107 days of storage, the average sprout length of conventionally stored Chuanliangyu 13 seed potatoes was 9.13cm, while that of intelligently stored Chuanliangyu 13 seed potatoes was 2.5cm. After removing sprouts, storage continued. After 177 days of storage, conventional storage showed significant moisture loss, while intelligent storage showed a significant effect, resulting in improved seed potato quality. Specific data are shown in Table 1 below.

[0266] Table 1 Table 1 details the comparison of storage effects between the "high-altitude potato storage method" described in this invention (hereinafter referred to as the experimental group) and the local traditional natural ventilation storage method (hereinafter referred to as the control group) under the same storage period and environmental conditions. Data was collected on February 8th of the following year (i.e., the later stage of storage, close to the end of the natural dormancy period of potatoes, a critical point when sprouting and saccharification are highly likely), and the experimental site was a storage warehouse at an altitude of 2061 meters.

[0267] The specific data is as follows:

[0268] The average weight loss rate of the control group was as high as 9.13%, indicating that traditional ventilation methods caused severe tuber dehydration in the dry environment at high altitudes. In contrast, the average weight loss rate of the experimental group was only 4.57%. This invention, through intelligent switching between oscillating ventilation and closed-loop sprout suppression mode, effectively curbed water evaporation while ensuring heat dissipation, reducing weight loss by more than 50% and significantly preserving the marketable weight of potatoes. This demonstrates that the modified atmosphere blocking strategy of this invention effectively utilizes carbon dioxide to inhibit tuber respiration and reduce basal metabolic consumption.

[0269] Example 9:

[0270] To achieve the above objectives, this embodiment also provides a computer device, which includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program and the processor executes the computer program.

[0271] To achieve the above objectives, this embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which is executed by a processor.

[0272] In some embodiments, the computer-readable storage medium may be a memory such as FRAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, magnetic surface memory, optical disk, or CD-ROM; or it may be a device including one or any combination of the above-mentioned memories. The computer may be a variety of computing devices, including smart terminals and servers.

[0273] In some embodiments, executable instructions may take the form of a program, software, software module, script, or code, written in any form of programming language (including compiled or interpreted languages, or declarative or procedural languages), and may be deployed in any form, including as a standalone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment.

[0274] As an example, executable instructions may, but do not necessarily, correspond to files in the file system. They may be stored as part of a file that holds other programs or data, for example, in one or more scripts in a Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) document, in a single file dedicated to the program in question, or in multiple collaborative files (e.g., a file that stores one or more modules, subroutines, or code sections).

[0275] As an example, executable instructions can be deployed to execute on a single computing device, or on multiple computing devices located in one location, or on multiple computing devices distributed across multiple locations and interconnected via a communication network.

[0276] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or system that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or system. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or system that includes that element.

[0277] The sequence numbers of the embodiments in this application are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0278] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as read-only memory / random access memory, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes several instructions to cause a multimedia terminal device (which may be a mobile phone, computer, television receiver, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.

[0279] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the patent. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the description and drawings of the present invention, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for storing potatoes in high-altitude areas, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: The environmental parameters inside and outside the storage facility are acquired and uploaded to a cloud processing terminal. The environmental parameters include atmospheric pressure outside the storage facility, altitude, relative humidity inside the storage facility, temperature outside the storage facility, temperature field of the potato stack inside the storage facility, and carbon dioxide concentration inside the storage facility. The temperature field of the potato stack inside the storage facility is acquired by wireless sensor nodes distributed at different depths inside the potato stack. Based on the atmospheric pressure and altitude outside the storage facility, the current aerodynamic viscosity and air density are obtained, and an aerodynamic model is constructed. At the same time, based on the rate of change of the stacking temperature field and the carbon dioxide concentration inside the storage facility, the current respiration heat production rate of the potatoes is obtained by inversion. The process involves obtaining water dispersion potential energy and cooling conditions based on external atmospheric pressure, external temperature, internal stacking temperature field, and internal relative humidity. This includes: acquiring characteristic parameters of the potatoes, including diameter; obtaining the saturated vapor pressure on the potato surface based on the internal stacking temperature field; obtaining the actual vapor pressure of the air between potato stacks based on internal relative humidity, characteristic parameters, and internal stacking temperature field; obtaining the vapor pressure difference between the saturated vapor pressure and the actual vapor pressure; correcting the vapor pressure difference based on external atmospheric pressure to compensate for the amplification effect of atmospheric pressure on the moisture diffusion rate, thereby obtaining the water dispersion potential energy; simultaneously, comparing the average external temperature with the internal stacking temperature field to obtain the cooling conditions; and making a decision based on the water dispersion potential energy, cooling conditions, and respiration heat production rate, selecting between an oscillating ventilation mode and a closed-loop sprout suppression mode, obtaining control commands, and sending them to the storage terminal. Drive the actuator according to the control command; In the oscillating ventilation mode, the fan outputs a sinusoidal pulsating airflow to disrupt the laminar boundary layer on the potato surface and facilitate heat exchange. Specifically, the process involves: obtaining the flow frequency that induces turbulence in the potato pores based on the aerodynamic viscosity and air density in the aerodynamic model and the characteristic parameters of the potato; and controlling the fan's operating frequency to oscillate periodically around this flow frequency, causing the pulsating airflow to alternate between peaks and troughs. The airflow passing through peaks disrupts the boundary layer, while the airflow passing through troughs reduces moisture loss. A three-dimensional temperature field is constructed based on data from wireless sensor nodes, and high-temperature hot spots are identified based on the three-dimensional temperature field. When generating control commands, the amplitude parameters of the fan in the oscillating ventilation mode are adjusted for the high-temperature hot spots. During the operation of the oscillating ventilation mode, the wind speed change phase of the pulsating airflow is acquired; when it is in the peak phase interval, the sprout inhibitor atomizing pump installed at the air inlet is synchronously triggered to turn on, and the sprout inhibitor is atomized and injected into the potato stack with the pulsating airflow; when it is in the trough phase interval, the sprout inhibitor atomizing pump is turned off; wherein, the diffusion characteristics of the sprout inhibitor inside the stack are improved by the turbulent diffusion effect of the peak phase interval. If the bud-suppressing mode is entered, the time required to reach the target inhibition concentration is calculated based on the respiratory dynamics prediction model. All vents and fans are closed, and carbon dioxide is accumulated in the storage room according to the respiration of potatoes until the preset metabolic inhibition concentration threshold is reached to block respiratory heat production.

2. The method for storing potatoes in high-altitude areas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The decision-making process, based on the water dissipation potential energy, cooling conditions, and respiration heat production rate, involves selecting between an oscillating ventilation mode and a closed-loop bud suppression mode, including: Obtain the critical dehydration threshold corresponding to the potato variety; Determine whether the water dispersion potential energy is lower than the critical dehydration threshold, and determine whether the outside temperature is lower than the average temperature in the stacking temperature field inside the warehouse to meet the cooling conditions; If the water dispersion potential energy is lower than the critical dehydration threshold and the cooling condition is met, then it is determined to enter the oscillation ventilation mode; If the water dispersion potential energy is higher than or equal to the critical dehydration threshold, or the respiration heat production rate is greater than the preset safety value, then the bud-suppressing mode is entered.

3. The method for storing potatoes in high-altitude areas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The execution process of the closed-loop bud suppression mode also includes: After closing all vents and fans, continuously monitor the rate of increase in carbon dioxide concentration inside the storage facility. When the carbon dioxide concentration in the storage reaches the metabolic inhibition concentration threshold, the system is kept closed. If the carbon dioxide concentration in the storage exceeds the preset safety limit, the exhaust fan will be turned on intermittently to ventilate until the carbon dioxide concentration in the storage drops back to the metabolic inhibition concentration threshold range, so as to re-enter the sealed state.

4. The method for storing potatoes in high-altitude areas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The inversion to obtain the current respiratory heat production rate of the potato specifically includes: Establish a heat conduction model that incorporates the porosity and thermal conductivity of potato stacks; The spatiotemporal distribution data of the temperature field inside the storage warehouse are input into the heat conduction model, and the heat leakage of the storage warehouse enclosure structure is obtained based on the temperature outside the warehouse. Remove the temperature fluctuation component caused by the heat leakage from the total temperature rise data of the stacked temperature field inside the warehouse, and use the remaining temperature rise data as the internal heat source item. Based on the average value of the current temperature field in the storage stack, obtain the heat generated by respiration per unit mass of potatoes; The respiratory heat production rate was obtained from the respiratory heat production and time series.

5. A potato storage system for high-altitude areas, characterized in that, The system includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire environmental parameters inside and outside the storage facility and upload these parameters to a cloud processing terminal. These environmental parameters include external atmospheric pressure, altitude, internal relative humidity, external temperature, internal stacking temperature field, and internal carbon dioxide concentration. Based on the external atmospheric pressure and altitude, the module acquires the current aerodynamic viscosity and air density and constructs an aerodynamic model. Simultaneously, based on the rate of change of the internal stacking temperature field and internal carbon dioxide concentration, the module inversely calculates the current respiration heat production rate of the potatoes. The cloud processing terminal is used to obtain water dispersion potential energy and cooling conditions based on the external atmospheric pressure, external temperature, internal stacking temperature field, and internal relative humidity. This includes: obtaining characteristic parameters of potatoes, including diameter; obtaining the saturated vapor pressure of the potato surface based on the internal stacking temperature field; obtaining the actual vapor pressure of the air between potato stacks based on the internal relative humidity, characteristic parameters, and internal stacking temperature field; obtaining the vapor pressure difference between the saturated vapor pressure and the actual vapor pressure; correcting the vapor pressure difference based on the external atmospheric pressure to compensate for the amplification effect of atmospheric pressure on the moisture diffusion rate, thereby obtaining the water dispersion potential energy; simultaneously, comparing the average external temperature with the internal stacking temperature field to obtain the cooling conditions; and making a decision based on the water dispersion potential energy, cooling conditions, and respiration heat production rate, selecting between an oscillating ventilation mode and a closed-loop sprout suppression mode, obtaining control commands, and sending them to the storage terminal. A storage terminal, wherein the storage terminal is used to drive an actuator according to the control command; In the oscillating ventilation mode, the fan outputs a sinusoidal pulsating airflow to disrupt the laminar boundary layer on the potato surface and facilitate heat exchange. Specifically, the process involves: obtaining the flow frequency that induces turbulence in the potato pores based on the aerodynamic viscosity and air density in the aerodynamic model and the characteristic parameters of the potato; and controlling the fan's operating frequency to oscillate periodically around this flow frequency, causing the pulsating airflow to alternate between peaks and troughs. The airflow passing through peaks disrupts the boundary layer, while the airflow passing through troughs reduces moisture loss. A three-dimensional temperature field is constructed based on data from wireless sensor nodes, and high-temperature hot spots are identified based on the three-dimensional temperature field. When generating control commands, the amplitude parameters of the fan in the oscillating ventilation mode are adjusted for the high-temperature hot spots. During the operation of the oscillating ventilation mode, the wind speed change phase of the pulsating airflow is acquired; when it is in the peak phase interval, the sprout inhibitor atomizing pump installed at the air inlet is synchronously triggered to turn on, and the sprout inhibitor is atomized and injected into the potato stack with the pulsating airflow; when it is in the trough phase interval, the sprout inhibitor atomizing pump is turned off; wherein, the diffusion characteristics of the sprout inhibitor inside the stack are improved by the turbulent diffusion effect of the peak phase interval. If the bud-suppressing mode is entered, the time required to reach the target inhibition concentration is calculated based on the respiratory dynamics prediction model. All vents and fans are closed, and carbon dioxide is accumulated in the storage room according to the respiration of potatoes until the preset metabolic inhibition concentration threshold is reached to block respiratory heat production. An actuator, which is used to respond to the control command.

6. A potato storage system for high-altitude areas as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The actuator includes a fan, an electrically controlled damper, and a sprout inhibitor atomizing pump; The fan responds to the control command and outputs air volume with a frequency that varies sinusoidally over time. The electrically controlled damper is used to close completely when entering the closed-loop bud suppression mode to form an airtight space; The sprout inhibitor atomizing pump is installed at the air inlet and is used to activate only during the peak phase range of the fan output in the oscillating ventilation mode.

7. A potato storage system for high-altitude areas as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The data acquisition module includes wireless sensor nodes distributed at different depths inside the potato stack; The cloud processing terminal constructs a three-dimensional temperature field based on the data from the wireless sensor nodes, identifies high-temperature hot spots based on the three-dimensional temperature field, and adjusts the amplitude parameters of the fan in the oscillation ventilation mode for the high-temperature hot spots when generating control commands.

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