Mechanical energy-assisted photochemical integrated reaction device based on ultrasonic waves

Abstract

The invention discloses a mechanical energy-assisted photochemical integrated reaction device based on ultrasonic waves, and belongs to the technical field of photochemical reaction equipment. The device comprises a reaction system and a power supply control system, wherein the reaction system is embedded into the power supply control system. The reaction system is composed of a main body reactor, a temperature detection module and a pressure detection module. The main body reactor comprises a reaction tank, a circulating condensation water tank and a bottom ultrasonic generation device. The power supply control system comprises a power supply, a relay, a programmable logic controller and the like. The mechanical energy-assisted photochemical integrated reactor based on ultrasonic waves is designed, adopts a stable integrated structure and is combined with a stainless steel material, does not need to be disassembled, is high in operation stability and outstanding in durability, has excellent air tightness, can adapt to high-temperature and high-pressure gas-liquid multi-phase reaction under the conditions of medium and large-sized laboratories, and can be applied to the high-temperature and high-pressure gas-liquid multi-phase reaction under the conditions of large and medium-sized laboratories. The method is suitable for the fields of environmental governance, organic synthesis and new energy conversion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photochemical reaction equipment technology, and in particular to a mechanical energy-assisted photochemical integrated reaction device based on the synergistic coupling of ultrasonic mechanical energy and light energy within the same reaction chamber, enabling real-time monitoring and control of the reaction environment. This device can be used in multiple fields involving photochemistry, such as CO2 reduction, pollutant degradation, and organic synthesis. Background Technology

[0002] Photochemical reactions, as a green synthesis technology that utilizes light energy to drive reactions, can achieve highly selective synthesis and low by-product emissions under mild conditions. They have shown great application potential in organic synthesis, environmental protection, and energy conversion, becoming an important technological direction for solving problems such as chemical pollution and the energy crisis. However, their practical application still faces many limitations. On the one hand, the absorption and scattering of incident light by the reaction system makes it difficult for photons to effectively reach the active sites of the photocatalyst, resulting in low light energy utilization. On the other hand, catalysts in heterogeneous systems are prone to aggregation, leading to a reduction in the specific surface area and the number of active sites, hindering reactant diffusion and product desorption, and exacerbating mass transfer resistance. Simultaneously, the easy recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs results in low quantum yields, severely limiting the industrialization process of photochemical reactions.

[0003] In nature, surface mechanical energy, such as water flow impact and wind drive, often accelerates reactions by promoting mass migration and activation. Therefore, mechanical energy can be introduced into the reaction system to synergistically promote the reaction with light energy. When ultrasound propagates in a liquid medium, it triggers ultrasonic cavitation. During the periodic growth, contraction, and collapse of cavitation bubbles, extreme high temperatures, high pressures, shock waves, and microjets are generated. This can not only break up catalyst agglomeration and achieve uniform particle dispersion, but also accelerate mass transfer by enhancing liquid convection. Under extreme conditions, it can even activate reactant molecules and promote the separation of photogenerated carriers, significantly improving photoreaction efficiency and quantum yield.

[0004] Although the synergistic mechanism of ultrasound-assisted photochemical reactions has been verified, existing ultrasound-based mechano-assisted photochemical reaction devices still have many limitations, making it difficult to support large-scale application of the technology. Regarding stability, traditional piezoelectric photochemical reactors place the quartz reactor within an ultrasonic cleaner. The propagation of ultrasound waves within the reaction vessel is easily affected by the vessel's shape and the medium, leading to uneven energy distribution within the system. This ultimately causes fluctuations in reaction efficiency and selectivity, affecting the overall stability of the reaction performance. Furthermore, each disassembly and reassembly also impacts the operational stability of the device. In terms of adaptability, traditional piezoelectric photochemical reactors suffer from small size, poor airtightness, and a lack of systems for monitoring pressure and temperature, making them unsuitable for high-temperature, high-pressure gas-liquid multiphase reactions under medium to large-scale experimental conditions. Regarding materials, existing piezoelectric reactors are typically made of glass or plastic, which significantly attenuates the ultrasonic energy transmitted to the reaction liquid, reducing cavitation and mass transfer mixing effects. Additionally, glass or plastic materials have poor corrosion resistance and durability.

[0005] Therefore, to address the aforementioned challenges, this invention aims to develop an integrated photochemical reaction device based on ultrasonic mechanical energy assistance. The device uses a stainless steel cylindrical reactor as its core, integrating a high-power ultrasonic array at its bottom to achieve efficient spatial synergy between the sound and light fields, comprehensively improving catalytic efficiency. The device employs an integrated design, embedding the reaction system, sensing unit, and intelligent power control system into a unified platform, eliminating the need for disassembly and ensuring strong operational stability. Designed as a medium-to-large-sized reactor, the device boasts excellent airtightness and incorporates a high-precision temperature and pressure sensing system, enabling real-time monitoring of the reaction environment and achieving high-temperature, high-pressure gas-liquid multiphase reactions under medium-to-large-scale laboratory conditions. Furthermore, the stainless steel construction provides corrosion resistance and durability, while also offering high ultrasonic mass transfer efficiency, improving energy utilization and reaction efficiency. This integrated design successfully solves the problems of insufficient reaction stability, poor environmental adaptability, and low reaction efficiency inherent in traditional devices, providing a reliable path for this technology to move from laboratory to large-scale industrial applications. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides an ultrasonic-based mechanical energy-assisted photochemical integrated reaction device, which integrates a high-power ultrasonic array at the bottom of the reactor, a built-in circulating condensation system, a temperature and pressure sensing system, an integrated intelligent electrical control system, and a stainless steel corrosion-resistant sealing design. It effectively solves the core technical problems of insufficient reaction stability, poor environmental adaptability, low ultrasonic mass transfer efficiency, and poor device durability in traditional acoustic-optical reaction devices.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes the following technical solution: An integrated photochemical reaction device based on ultrasonic mechanical energy assistance is disclosed. The reaction system is embedded in the power control system, with the ultrasonic generator placed inside the power control system. The reaction system includes a main reactor, a temperature detection module, and a pressure detection module. The main reactor includes a reaction tank, a circulating condensate tank, and the ultrasonic generator. The temperature detection module consists of a thermocouple and its sealing valve. The pressure detection module consists of a pressure gauge. The power control system consists of a power supply, a display screen, ultrasonic control buttons, connectors, relays, and a programmable logic controller, providing electrical energy to the ultrasonic generator and controlling the application of ultrasonic vibrations at different power levels according to reaction requirements.

[0008] Preferably, the outer diameter of the upper part of the main reactor is 14-19 cm, the diameter of the outer shell of the bottom ultrasonic generator is 14-19 cm, and the material is 304 stainless steel. Furthermore, the reaction tank includes a reaction chamber, a sealed area, and a light-transmitting area.

[0009] Preferably, the reaction chamber is cylindrical with an inner diameter of 13-18 cm, a height of 14-20 cm, and a volume of 1.8-5.1 L.

[0010] Preferably, three pipelines connected to the outside are designed inside the reaction chamber: an air inlet, an air outlet, and a sampling port. The pipelines are 10-15 cm above the bottom of the reaction chamber and have a diameter of 1-3 cm. A valve is designed at the air outlet.

[0011] Preferably, the reactor cover has an outer diameter of 14-19 cm and an inner diameter of 13-18 cm. It is made of 304 stainless steel. The hollow part of the reactor cover is a light-transmitting window made of highly light-transmitting quartz material with a diameter of 13-18 cm. The inside of the cover is provided with a groove to place a sealing ring and is designed with 6 stainless steel screws with a diameter of 1-3 cm.

[0012] Furthermore, the circulating condensate tank is designed with one inlet and one outlet, following the principle of bottom inlet and top outlet, with a height difference of 5-9 cm between the inlet and outlet.

[0013] Furthermore, the bottom ultrasonic generator consists of 3-10 ultrasonic transducers and a 304 stainless steel shell. The ultrasonic transducers are fixed to the bottom of the reaction chamber by screws. There are two wires on the ultrasonic transducers, which are led out through the connector on the shell and connected to the power supply.

[0014] Preferably, the ultrasonic output frequency is 0-400 kHz and the output power is 0-1000 W.

[0015] Furthermore, the temperature and pressure detection module is connected to the inside of the reaction chamber to detect the temperature and pressure inside the reaction chamber in real time.

[0016] Preferably, the thermocouple extends from the reaction chamber, with the hole 9-15 cm from the bottom of the reaction tank. On the other side, the thermocouple is connected to the power supply of the temperature control module and the display screen in the power control system via wires. The thermocouple sealing tube valve has a thermocouple pressure pad inside.

[0017] Preferably, the pressure gauge and the thermocouple share the same pipeline, with an opening connected to the pressure gauge 10-15 cm above the reactor. The pressure signal is converted into mechanical displacement through an internal elastic element, which in turn causes the pointer to deflect to display the pressure value.

[0018] Furthermore, the total power input of the power control system is 220 V, and the power supply for the ultrasonic device and the temperature control module are designed to provide electrical energy respectively.

[0019] Furthermore, the programmable logic controller is connected to the ultrasonic generator at the bottom of the reaction tank, and the ultrasonic output power can be adjusted via control buttons on the display screen.

[0020] Furthermore, the light source is an external xenon lamp of 100-300 W. A lifting platform is placed at the bottom to adjust the height of the xenon lamp and place it on the top of the reactor to illuminate the reactor. The light enters through the light-transmitting window.

[0021] Furthermore, a circulating condensate tank is designed to circulate condensate to regulate and maintain the reaction temperature.

[0022] In summary, the beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention adopts a highly integrated design, which integrates the adjustable ultrasonic system, reactor, sensing unit and power control system on a unified platform. The structure is stable, no disassembly is required, and the device has strong operational stability.

[0023] 2. This device is designed as a medium-to-large-scale piezoelectric photochemical reactor. It features a sealing system to ensure airtightness. The device incorporates a high-precision temperature and pressure control system, enabling real-time monitoring of the reaction environment. Reaction parameters can be manually adjusted based on feedback data from the control system, enhancing the device's adaptability to different reaction systems. These design features allow the reactor to withstand high-temperature, high-pressure gas-liquid multiphase reactions under medium-to-large-scale laboratory conditions.

[0024] 3. The main reactor is made of 304 stainless steel, which significantly enhances the ultrasonic mass transfer efficiency and makes the energy evenly distributed; moreover, the stainless steel material has strong corrosion resistance and can be perfectly adapted to the ultrasonic vibration environment, thus enhancing the durability of the device.

[0025] 4. This invention employs a cylindrical stainless steel reactor, combined with a high-power ultrasonic array integrated at the bottom, which effectively optimizes the sound field distribution. The ultrasonic frequency and power can be adjusted over a wide range, thereby forming a precise synergy with the photocatalytic process, effectively suppressing the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, and promoting the efficient separation of photogenerated carriers. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of the device of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a front view schematic diagram of the device of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a top view of the device of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a top view schematic diagram of the electrical control module of the device of the present invention. The diagram is labeled as follows: 1-Reaction tank, 2-Circulating condensate tank, 3-Bottom ultrasonic generator, 4-Thermocouple, 5-Sealed valve, 6-Pressure gauge, 7-Power control system, 11-Reaction chamber, 12-Sealed and light-transmitting area, 21-Water inlet, 22-Water outlet, 31-Ultrasonic transducer, 32-304 stainless steel shell, 51-Thermocouple pressure pad, 52-Thermocouple cap, 61-Elastic element, 71-Power supply for ultrasonic device, 72-Power supply for temperature detection module, 73-Display screen, 74-Ultrasonic control button, 75-Connector, 76-Relay, 77-Programmable logic controller, 111-Air inlet, 112-Air outlet, 113-Gas sampling port, 121-Reactor cover, 122-Light-transmitting window. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this embodiment provides an ultrasonic-based mechanical energy-assisted photochemical integrated reaction device. The device adopts a highly integrated design, integrating the reaction system and the power control system 7 into a unified platform.

[0029] The reaction system includes a main reactor, a temperature detection module, and a pressure detection module. The main reactor includes a reaction tank 1, a circulating condensate tank 2, and an ultrasonic generator 3. The reaction tank 1 includes a cylindrical reaction chamber 11 and a sealed and light-transmitting area 12, which is formed by a reactor cover 121 and a light-transmitting window 122. The temperature detection module consists of a thermocouple 4 and its sealing valve 5. The pressure detection module consists of a mechanical pointer-type pressure gauge 6.

[0030] The power control system 7 consists of an ultrasonic device power supply 71, a temperature detection module power supply 72, a display screen 73, ultrasonic control buttons 74, a connector 75, a relay 76, and a programmable logic controller 77. The ultrasonic device power supply 71 is connected to the ultrasonic generator 3 via connector 75. The temperature detection module power supply 72 supplies power to the thermocouple 4, and the temperature signal collected by the thermocouple 4 is transmitted to the display screen 73 for real-time display. The programmable logic controller 77 is connected to the display screen 73, the ultrasonic control buttons 74, and the relay 76. The relay 76 further controls the start / stop and power output of the ultrasonic device power supply 71.

[0031] The device significantly enhances mass transfer efficiency and carrier separation capability in photochemical reactions through the synergistic effect of a high-power ultrasonic generator 3 integrated at the bottom and a top lighting system; a circulating condensate system and a high-precision temperature and pressure monitoring unit enable precise control of the reaction environment; the integrated structural design ensures complete functionality while significantly improving the stability of the equipment; and the all-304 stainless steel construction and sealing design ensure long-term stable operation of the device in high-temperature, high-pressure, and corrosive media.

[0032] The following provides a further detailed description of each structure of the aforementioned device: In this embodiment, the circulating condensate tank 2 is provided with an inlet 21 and an outlet 22. The inlet 21 is located at the bottom and the outlet 22 is located at the top, with a height difference of 5-9 cm. It strictly follows the principle of "bottom inlet and top outlet" to ensure that the cooling water fills the condensate tank from bottom to top, forming a stable circulation path, so that the outer wall of the reaction chamber 11 is uniformly cooled and the temperature of the reaction system is kept constant.

[0033] In this embodiment, the ultrasonic generator 3 includes an ultrasonic transducer 31 and a housing 32 made of 304 stainless steel. The ultrasonic transducer 31 is evenly fixed to the bottom of the reaction chamber 11 with screws. Each transducer has two wires leading out, which are connected to the power control system 7 via waterproof connectors on the housing 32. The ultrasonic transducer 31 operates in the frequency range of 0-400 kHz, and its output power is continuously adjustable in the range of 0-1000 W, supporting both intermittent and continuous operating modes. Ultrasonic parameters can be set in real time via the display screen 73 and the ultrasonic control button 74. This bottom-integrated design ensures that ultrasonic energy is efficiently and evenly transmitted into the reaction liquid.

[0034] In this embodiment, the probe end of thermocouple 4 extends into the reaction chamber 11, 9-15 cm from the bottom of the chamber, and the other end is led out through the sealing valve 5 and connected to the power supply 72 of the temperature detection module. The sealing valve 5 has a thermocouple pressure pad 51 inside to ensure the airtightness of the probe passage. The temperature signal collected by thermocouple 4 is directly transmitted to the display screen 73 via wires, converted into a digital signal in real time, and displayed.

[0035] In this embodiment, the pressure gauge 6 is a mechanical pointer type with a range of -0.1 to 1.9 MPa. The pressure gauge 6 and thermocouple 4 are connected to the reaction chamber 11 via the same stainless steel pipe. A lateral interface is provided 10-15 cm above the sealing valve 5 to connect the pressure gauge 6. The elastic element 61 inside the pressure gauge 6 directly senses the gas pressure inside the pipe and converts it into mechanical displacement, driving the pointer to deflect and display the pressure value. This mechanical design requires no power supply and is resistant to electromagnetic and vibration interference.

[0036] In this embodiment, the reaction chamber 11 is a cylindrical structure with an inner diameter of 13-18 cm, a height of 14-20 cm, and a volume of 1.8-5.1 L. Its sidewall has three connecting pipes to the outside: an air inlet 111, an air outlet 112, and a sampling port 113, each with a diameter of 1-3 cm. The air inlet 111, air outlet 112, and sampling port 113 are positioned 10-15 cm above the bottom of the reaction chamber 11. Each pipe is equipped with a corrosion-resistant valve, allowing for flexible opening and closing as needed for the reaction.

[0037] In this embodiment, the reactor cap 121 has an outer diameter of 14-19 cm and an inner diameter of 13-18 cm, with a circular light-transmitting window 122 in the center. The inner side of the cap 121 has an annular groove, housing a corrosion-resistant fluororubber sealing ring, and is sealed to the reaction chamber 11 by six stainless steel screws with a diameter of 1-3 cm. During installation, the screws are tightened in a diagonal sequence to ensure uniform stress on the cap.

[0038] In this embodiment, the light-transmitting window 122 has a diameter of 13-18 cm and is made of high-transmittance quartz glass. It is fitted with the pressure cap 121 through a double sealing method of high-temperature vacuum grease and rubber ring. This design ensures both good light transmission and the sealing performance of the reaction chamber.

[0039] In this embodiment, the reaction chamber 11, the reactor cover 121, and the outer shell 32 of the ultrasonic generator 3 are all made of 304 stainless steel. This material has excellent corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength, and good sound transmission performance, making it suitable for ultrasonic vibration environments and various chemical reaction media.

[0040] This embodiment also includes an external light source and a height-adjustable bracket. The external light source is a 100-300 W xenon lamp, and its vertical distance from the light-transmitting window 122 is adjusted by the bracket to control the light intensity and uniformity. The external light source avoids thermal interference with the reaction system.

[0041] In this embodiment, the total power input of the power control system 7 is 220 V, including the ultrasonic device power supply 71 and the temperature detection module power supply 72. The connector 75 uses a waterproof multi-core aviation plug to achieve connection and disconnection between the reaction system and the electrical control system. This design supports modular expansion.

[0042] The following provides a more detailed description of the specific application method of the ultrasonic-based mechanical energy-assisted photochemical integrated reaction device in this embodiment: 1) Connect the reaction system to the power control system 7 via connector 75, and confirm that the thermocouple 4, ultrasonic generator 3, etc. are connected normally. Close all valves, and fill the reaction chamber 11 with gas through the air inlet 111. Observe the pressure gauge 6 to confirm that the airtightness is good.

[0043] 2) Open the reactor cap 121, add the reaction liquid and catalyst into the reaction chamber 11. The liquid level should not exceed 70% of the reaction chamber volume and should be lower than the top of the thermocouple probe 4. Place the sealing ring in the groove of the reactor cap 121 and apply vacuum grease. Place the light-transmitting window 122. After closing the cap, tighten all screws in a diagonal sequence to seal the reactor.

[0044] 3) Turn on the power supply 72 of the temperature detection module. The temperature of the reaction liquid is monitored in real time via thermocouple 4 and displayed on the display screen 73. Connect the circulating condensate device and start the condensation circulation according to the "top in, bottom out" principle to ensure the temperature of the reaction system is stable.

[0045] 4) Position the xenon lamp light source 3-6 cm directly above the light-transmitting window 122 by adjusting the height of the bracket, and adjust the position of the xenon lamp to align it with the light-transmitting window. Set the ultrasonic working mode, power and frequency using the ultrasonic control button 74, and turn on the ultrasonic device power supply 71 after confirming the parameters.

[0046] 5) During the reaction, temperature changes are monitored in real time via display screen 73, and the pressure inside the chamber is visually monitored via pressure gauge 6. Reactant gas or protective gas can be introduced through inlet 111 as needed, and gas or liquid samples can be collected periodically through sampling port 113.

[0047] 6) After the reaction is complete, turn off the xenon lamp light source, the ultrasonic device power supply 71, and the circulating water device in sequence. After the system cools to room temperature, slowly open the sampling port 113 to release the internal pressure, symmetrically loosen the pressure cap screws, and open the reactor. Remove the reaction solution and thoroughly clean the reaction chamber 11 and the light-transmitting window 122 with deionized water to avoid the residue of corrosive or toxic substances. Disconnect the connector 75 and perform necessary maintenance and storage on the device.

[0048] The ultrasonic-based mechanical energy-assisted photochemical integrated reaction device provided in this embodiment effectively solves the problems of insufficient stability, poor environmental adaptability, and low ultrasonic mass transfer efficiency in traditional piezoelectric photochemical reaction devices through ultrasonic-light synergistic excitation, precise temperature and pressure control, modular integrated design, and high-strength corrosion-resistant structure. It significantly improves reaction efficiency, stability, and applicability, and can be widely used in scientific research and process development in fields such as environmental pollutant degradation, organic synthesis, and energy conversion.

[0049] It should be noted that this embodiment is only a preferred embodiment of gas-liquid phase mixing reaction and does not imply limitation on the reaction mode. Any gas-phase, liquid-phase, or gas-liquid phase mixing mechanochemical reaction based on ultrasonic energy coupling using this device, a scaled-down or miniaturized version of this device, or a very similar device shall be protected by this patent. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this patent shall be included within the scope of protection of this patent.

Claims

1. A mechanical energy-assisted photochemical integrated reaction device based on ultrasound, characterized in that, The system includes a reaction system and a power control system. The reaction system is embedded in the power control system. The reaction system includes a main reactor, a temperature detection module, and a pressure detection module. The main reactor includes a reaction tank (1), a circulating condensate tank (2), and a bottom ultrasonic generator (3). The temperature detection module consists of a thermocouple (4) and its sealing valve (5). The pressure detection module consists of a pressure gauge (6). The power control system (7) consists of an ultrasonic device power supply (71), a temperature detection module power supply (72), a display screen (73), ultrasonic control buttons (74), a connector (75), a relay (76), and a programmable logic controller (77). It is used to adjust the power of the ultrasonic generator and display the temperature and pressure parameters in the reaction chamber in real time.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reaction tank (1) includes a reaction chamber (11) and a sealed light-transmitting area (12), which is composed of a reactor cover (121) and a light-transmitting window (122).

3. The apparatus as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The reaction chamber (11) is cylindrical with an inner diameter of 13-18 cm, a height of 14-20 cm, and a volume of 1.8-5.1 L. The reaction chamber is equipped with three pipelines communicating with the outside world: an air inlet, an air outlet, and a sampling port. The air inlet, air outlet, and sampling port are located 10-15 cm from the bottom of the reaction chamber, and each pipeline is equipped with a corrosion-resistant valve.

4. The reaction tank (1) as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The light-transmitting window is made of quartz glass with an outer diameter of 13-18 cm, and is fixedly connected to the reactor cover by high-temperature vacuum grease and sealing rings.

5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The circulating condensate tank (2) includes an inlet (21) and an outlet (22), following the flow direction of bottom inlet and top outlet. The height difference between the inlet and outlet is 5-9 cm, which is used to regulate and maintain the reaction temperature.

6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom ultrasonic generator (3) consists of an ultrasonic transducer (31) and a shell (32) made of 304 stainless steel. The ultrasonic transducer (31) is fixed to the bottom of the reaction chamber (11) by screws. Each ultrasonic transducer (31) has two wires, which are led out from the connector on the shell and connected to the power control module (7) through the internal wires.

7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature detection module includes a thermocouple and a sealing valve. The thermocouple probe extends into the reaction chamber, 9-15 cm from the bottom, and is used to detect the reaction temperature in real time and output a digital signal.

8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure detection module and the temperature detection module share a pipeline. The pressure gauge is set 10-15 cm above the pipeline, with a range of -0.1-1.9 MPa, to detect the temperature and pressure inside the reaction chamber (11) in real time.

9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The power control system (7) has a total power input of 220 V, including the ultrasonic device power supply (71) and the temperature detection module power supply (72), which provide power for ultrasonic vibration and temperature detection.

10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The programmable logic controller (77) is connected to the ultrasonic generator (3) at the bottom of the reaction chamber (11), and the ultrasonic output power is adjusted by the control button (74) on the display screen (73).

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