Laser cutting uncoiling blanking line

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of laser cutting, and particularly discloses a laser cutting uncoiling blanking line which comprises a laser head body and an adsorption mechanism, the adsorption mechanism comprises a main cylinder, a telescopic cylinder and a filter plate, the main cylinder is fixedly installed on the laser head body, and an annular adsorption cavity is defined between the main cylinder and the laser head body and used for being filled with activated carbon; an air outlet is formed in the upper portion of the main cylinder, the telescopic cylinder sleeves the lower end of the main cylinder in a sliding mode in the axial direction, a through hole is formed in the bottom of the telescopic cylinder, and the filter plate is installed at the lower end of the main cylinder in a sliding mode in the axial direction, serves as a movable bottom wall of the annular adsorption cavity and divides the inner space of the adsorption mechanism into the annular adsorption cavity and a collecting cavity. A transmission piece is arranged between the telescopic cylinder and the filter plate; by means of the device, grading treatment of slag and smoke dust generated in the cutting process is achieved, meanwhile, activated carbon in the annular adsorption cavity can be axially extruded, it is guaranteed that the activated carbon is kept in a close packing state, and then the filtering efficiency of the activated carbon is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser cutting technology, and more specifically to a laser cutting uncoiling and blanking line. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of modern equipment manufacturing, the requirements for production efficiency, processing precision, and flexible production capabilities in the metal sheet processing field are increasing. Laser cutting uncoiling and blanking lines, as a high-end automated production line integrating uncoiling, leveling, feeding, and laser cutting functions, have been widely used in many important industrial fields such as automobile manufacturing, hardware and home appliances, and chassis and cabinets due to their outstanding advantages, including production without molds, significantly improved material utilization, high cutting speed, and stable precision. This production line uses a high-energy-density laser beam to precisely irradiate the surface of the metal sheet, rapidly heating the material to a vaporized or molten state in a very short time. Simultaneously, high-pressure auxiliary gas efficiently blows away the molten material, thereby achieving precise blanking processing from coil to formed parts. Chinese patent application CN113492268A discloses a metal plate cutting device, including a gripping rod with a control console fixedly connected to its lower side. A laser cutting blade is poweredly connected to the lower side of the control console, and flame-retardant mechanisms are provided on both sides of the control console. In use, the device utilizes the meshing transmission principle of gears and racks, allowing for easy operation by holding the device and using the laser cutting blade to cut the metal plate. It can cut at any angle. Furthermore, the flame-retardant box absorbs the high-temperature dust from combustion, and the absorbed dust is then extinguished and cooled using water flow. After extinguishing and cooling, the dust is uniformly collected and cleaned, preventing workers from inhaling it and affecting their health. Simultaneously, extinguishing the dust effectively prevents fires caused by dust combustion, reducing economic losses and protecting people's safety.

[0003] Although laser cutting technology is advanced, it inevitably generates a large number of byproducts during the high-energy-density thermal processing. Firstly, there is the high-temperature metal dust and fumes. If these fine dust particles remain suspended in the workshop air, they can easily be inhaled deep into the lungs by operators, causing serious occupational respiratory diseases. Secondly, there is a fire hazard. The molten slag produced during cutting is extremely hot; if it is not effectively captured and splashes everywhere, it can easily ignite a fire if it comes into contact with oil stains, waste paper, or dust collector filter bags on the workshop floor. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a laser cutting uncoiling and blanking line, which aims to solve the problems in related technologies where laser cutting processes generate high-temperature metal dust and fumes that are easily inhaled deep into the lungs by operators, causing occupational respiratory diseases; and the high temperature of the molten slag generated during cutting, which is prone to causing fires.

[0005] A laser cutting uncoiling and blanking line includes a laser head body and an adsorption mechanism coaxially disposed outside the laser head body. The adsorption mechanism includes a main cylinder, a telescopic cylinder and a filter plate. The main cylinder is fixedly installed on the laser head body, and an annular adsorption cavity is defined between the inner wall of the main cylinder and the outer periphery of the laser head body. The annular adsorption cavity is filled with activated carbon. The telescopic cylinder is slidably sleeved on the lower end of the main cylinder along the axial direction. The bottom end face of the telescopic cylinder is provided with a through hole for the laser beam to be emitted. The filter plate is slidably installed on the lower end of the main cylinder along the axial direction, serving as the movable bottom wall of the annular adsorption cavity and dividing the internal space of the adsorption mechanism into the upper annular adsorption cavity and the lower collection cavity. The upper part of the main cylinder is provided with an air outlet connected to the annular adsorption cavity for connecting to external negative pressure equipment. A transmission component is provided between the telescopic cylinder and the filter plate. When the laser head body moves down so that the bottom of the telescopic cylinder abuts the workpiece surface and continues to move down, the telescopic cylinder slides upward relative to the main cylinder and pushes the filter plate into the annular adsorption cavity through the transmission component, thereby applying axial extrusion force to the activated carbon and making the activated carbon tightly filled.

[0006] The advantages are as follows: This invention constructs an adsorption mechanism with dynamic adjustment capabilities by coaxially arranging a main cylinder, a telescopic cylinder, and a filter plate as a movable bottom wall outside the laser head body. During operation, when the bottom of the telescopic cylinder abuts against the workpiece surface, the laser head's continued downward movement forces the telescopic cylinder to move upward relative to the main cylinder. At this time, the transmission component converts this relative motion into thrust, driving the filter plate to move upward within the annular adsorption chamber. This applies axial compression force to the activated carbon within the annular adsorption chamber, automatically eliminating gaps in the activated carbon at the top caused by equipment vibration or natural settling, effectively preventing the "short circuit" phenomenon where dust-laden gas escapes directly through the gaps without filtration. Simultaneously, the filter plate divides the internal space into an annular adsorption chamber and a collection chamber, achieving physical classification of large molten slag particles and fine fumes. This ensures filtration efficiency while preventing premature clogging of the filter layer, significantly improving workshop air quality and production safety.

[0007] Preferably, the inner wall of the main cylinder is provided with a limiting step to restrict the extreme positions of the filter plate's vertical movement. This limiting step restricts the axial movement of the filter plate. The transmission component includes a push rod disposed inside the collection chamber, with one end connected to the inner bottom wall of the telescopic cylinder and the other end connected to the lower surface of the filter plate. The effect is that by setting the limiting step, the axial movement of the filter plate can be precisely limited, preventing the filter plate from excessively moving upwards and crushing the activated carbon particles, thus ensuring the safety of the annular adsorption chamber structure.

[0008] Preferably, a scraper extends outward from the lower edge of the main cylinder, and a scraper strip is detachably installed on the outer periphery of the scraper. The scraper strip contacts the inner wall of the telescopic cylinder and is used to scrape off impurities adhering to the inner wall of the telescopic cylinder. The effect is that, by setting up the scraper and scraper strip, during the downward pressing of the laser head, the scraper scrapes downward relative to the inner wall of the telescopic cylinder, which can physically remove molten slag and dust adhering to the inner wall in real time, preventing cylinder jamming caused by molten slag accumulation and reducing the frequency of manual downtime maintenance.

[0009] Preferably, the lower part of the main cylinder is provided with a circumferential mounting groove, in which a coating component is detachably installed. The coating component contacts the inner wall of the telescopic cylinder and is used to apply protective oil to the inner wall of the telescopic cylinder. The effect is that by setting the coating component at the lower part of the main cylinder, a protective oil film can be automatically applied to the inner wall of the telescopic cylinder through the relative sliding between the main cylinder and the telescopic cylinder. This effectively isolates the high-temperature molten slag from direct contact with the inner wall of the telescopic cylinder, preventing the molten slag from adhering and solidifying, greatly reducing the difficulty of subsequent cleaning, and also providing lubrication, reducing the risk of movement jamming.

[0010] Preferably, the push rod is a telescopic structure with a built-in elastic reset component. The initial preload of the elastic reset component is greater than the resistance required for the filter plate to move upward and compress the activated carbon. Therefore, in the initial stage of the telescopic cylinder's upward movement, the push rod can maintain a relatively rigid state, transmitting thrust to the filter plate and driving it to move upward to compress the activated carbon until the filter plate reaches the uppermost end of its axial movement stroke. At this point, the telescopic cylinder continues to move upward relative to the main cylinder, and the push rod will contract under pressure, causing the volume of the collection chamber to gradually decrease. The effect is that in the initial stage, the push rod rigidly drives the filter plate to compact the activated carbon, ensuring the filtration effect; after the filter plate is blocked by the limiting step, the push rod contracts under pressure, allowing the telescopic cylinder to continue moving upward relative to the main cylinder, providing the necessary travel space for subsequent cleaning of the inner wall using relative motion.

[0011] Preferably, the push rod adopts a multi-section telescopic structure, and a receiving cylinder extending into the annular adsorption chamber is fixedly installed on the filter plate at the position corresponding to the push rod. When the push rod is fully retracted, it can enter the interior of the receiving cylinder, allowing the applicator and scraper to move to the bottom area of ​​the inner side wall of the telescopic cylinder for cleaning. The effect is that the push rod with its multi-section telescopic structure, combined with the receiving cylinder design on the filter plate, allows the scraper and applicator at the lower end of the main cylinder to penetrate unimpeded to the bottommost area of ​​the telescopic cylinder when the push rod is fully retracted above the filter plate, achieving deep cleaning without dead angles throughout the entire stroke.

[0012] Preferably, the main cylinder also has a conical partition inside. The upper end of the partition is connected to the inner wall of the main cylinder, and the lower end extends downward and covers the outer side of the laser head body. The partition divides the annular adsorption cavity into a laser channel located inside the partition and an activated carbon filling area located outside the partition. Activated carbon is filled between the partition and the inner wall of the main cylinder. The effect is that by setting the conical partition, the internal space is physically isolated into an independent laser channel and an activated carbon filling area. This not only provides a reliable filling container for the activated carbon but also effectively prevents dust and activated carbon particles from entering the optical path and contaminating the laser head lens, ensuring the transmission quality of the laser beam and the service life of the equipment.

[0013] Preferably, the upper end of the push rod is connected to the filter plate via a movable snap-fit ​​structure. When the push rod is separated from the filter plate, the telescopic cylinder can detach from the lower end of the main cylinder. The advantage of this design is that the detachable telescopic cylinder greatly facilitates daily maintenance of the equipment. Operators can easily remove the cylinder to empty waste residue, replace worn scrapers, or replenish protective oil on the coating components.

[0014] Preferably, multiple omnidirectional ball bearings are installed on the bottom end face of the telescopic cylinder for contact with the surface of the workpiece to be cut. The effect is that by installing omnidirectional ball bearings at the bottom of the telescopic cylinder, the cylinder avoids directly scratching the workpiece surface; at the same time, the ball bearing support ensures that a constant, small gap is maintained between the bottom of the cylinder and the workpiece, forming an annular air inlet, which significantly enhances the suction effect of cutting fumes.

[0015] Preferably, the inner wall of the telescopic cylinder is equipped with multiple guide rollers for contacting the outer wall of the main cylinder. The effect is that by setting the guide rollers, the sliding friction between the main cylinder and the telescopic cylinder is converted into rolling friction, reducing motion resistance and preventing jamming caused by dust ingress.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The present invention is equipped with a protective mechanism, which divides the internal space of the protective mechanism into an annular adsorption chamber and a collection chamber by a filter plate. During the cutting process, the airflow carries molten slag and dust into the telescopic cylinder. Large molten slag particles are trapped in the lower collection chamber, while fine fumes pass through the filter plate into the upper annular adsorption chamber and are purified and discharged by activated carbon. This physical classification treatment effectively prevents premature clogging of the filter layer, extends the maintenance cycle, and significantly improves air quality and production safety.

[0017] 2. The filter plate of the present invention is designed to slide axially, and a linkage mechanism is formed by the push rod and the telescopic cylinder. During the process of the laser head pressing down to contact the workpiece, the upward thrust of the telescopic cylinder is transmitted to the filter plate through the push rod, driving the filter plate to move upward and apply axial extrusion force to the activated carbon in the annular adsorption cavity. This automatically eliminates the top gap caused by the sedimentation of the activated carbon, prevents the dust-laden gas from escaping, and ensures filtration efficiency.

[0018] 3. The present invention has a coating component and a scraper at the lower end of the main cylinder. During the upward movement of the telescopic cylinder, the scraper first physically scrapes off the slag attached to the inner wall of the telescopic cylinder. Then the coating component applies a protective oil film to the inner wall, which not only cleans up the existing impurities, but also uses the oil film to isolate and prevent the high-temperature slag from sticking again, effectively avoiding the telescopic cylinder from getting stuck due to slag accumulation. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a front view of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the laser head body and the protective mechanism of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the protective mechanism of the present invention cut along its longitudinal direction.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the main cylinder of the present invention cut longitudinally.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the protective mechanism of the present invention in its initial state.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the protective mechanism of the present invention in a cleaning state.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the contracted state of the main cylinder and the telescopic cylinder of the present invention.

[0027] Figure label: 1. Laser head body; 21. Main cylinder; 211. Air outlet; 212. Limiting step; 213. Scraper; 214. Mounting groove; 22. Telescopic cylinder; 221. Through hole; 222. Universal ball bearing; 223. Protective layer; 23. Filter plate; 24. Push rod; 25. Coating component; 26. Storage cylinder; 27. Partition plate; 271. Sealing component. Detailed Implementation

[0028] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0029] like Figures 1-8As shown, a laser cutting uncoiling and blanking line includes a laser head body 1 and an adsorption mechanism coaxially disposed outside the laser head body 1. The adsorption mechanism includes a main cylinder 21, a telescopic cylinder 22, and a filter plate 23.

[0030] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the main cylinder 21 serves as the fixed base for the entire adsorption mechanism. It is made of high-strength, high-temperature resistant aluminum alloy or stainless steel and is fixedly installed on the outer shell of the laser head body 1 via flange connection or bolt fastening. During the cutting process, the main cylinder 21 does not shift relative to the laser head body 1 due to the undulations of the workpiece surface, and always maintains an absolute positioning reference.

[0031] like Figures 3-5 As shown, the main cylinder 21 has an internal partition 27, which is an inverted cone shape with its larger end facing upwards and its smaller end facing downwards. The larger end of the partition 27 is sealed to the upper part of the inner wall of the main cylinder 21 by a sealing ring, while its smaller end extends downwards and contracts, tightly covering the outside of the laser head body 1. This physically divides the internal space of the main cylinder 21 into two independent areas: the inner side of the partition 27 is the laser channel, and the area between the outer wall of the partition 27 and the inner wall of the main cylinder 21 is an annular adsorption cavity. The annular adsorption cavity is filled with modified activated carbon particles with high adsorption value, which adsorb ozone, nitrogen oxides, and fine dust generated during the cutting process, converting them into harmless gases. An air outlet 211 is provided on the upper side wall of the main cylinder 21. This air outlet 211 communicates with the annular adsorption cavity and is connected to an external negative pressure device via a flexible hose. A stainless steel microporous filter is provided at the air outlet 211 to prevent activated carbon particles from being sucked out by the negative pressure airflow.

[0032] Furthermore, a high-temperature resistant seal 271 is provided between the inner wall of the small opening end of the partition 27 and the outer shell of the laser head body 1. This seal 271 fills the assembly gap between the partition 27 and the laser head body 1, effectively preventing high-temperature molten slag, fine dust, or high-pressure auxiliary gas that may splash back during laser cutting from flowing back into the interior of the partition 27 through the gap, thus ensuring the long-term stable operation of the laser head body 1 and the cleanliness and safety of its internal components.

[0033] like Figures 1-4As shown, the telescopic cylinder 22 is slidably sleeved on the lower end of the main cylinder 21, and its bottom end face is provided with a through hole 221 for the laser beam to be emitted. The telescopic cylinder 22 is made of high-temperature resistant alloy steel to resist thermal shock. Its outer wall is precision ground to reduce the coefficient of friction; the inner wall is polished to greatly reduce the adhesion of molten slag, making it difficult for it to adhere to the wall. On the bottom end face of the telescopic cylinder 22, several universal ball bearings 222 are evenly distributed and installed. The universal ball bearings 222 can prevent the cylinder from directly scratching the surface of the plate. At the same time, the universal ball bearings 222 ensure that there is always a constant small gap between the bottom of the cylinder and the surface of the workpiece. When the external negative pressure equipment is started, this gap forms a high-velocity annular air inlet, which can generate a strong suction force to instantly suck the smoke and dust around the cutting point into the telescopic cylinder 22, preventing it from spreading into the environment.

[0034] To ensure that the telescopic cylinder 22 does not jam during high-speed cutting and frequent extension and retraction, several sets of guide rollers are provided between the inner wall of the telescopic cylinder 22 and the outer wall of the main cylinder 21. The guide rollers convert the sliding friction between the main cylinder 21 and the telescopic cylinder 22 into rolling friction, which greatly reduces the motion resistance. At the same time, the guide rollers restrict the radial degree of freedom of the telescopic cylinder 22, ensuring its strict coaxiality with the main cylinder 21 and preventing sealing failure or mechanical jamming due to eccentricity.

[0035] To prevent high-temperature molten slag from directly eroding the bottom surface of the telescopic cylinder 22, a removable protective layer 223 is laid on the inner bottom wall of the telescopic cylinder 22. The protective layer 223 can be a high-temperature resistant ceramic sheet, which has extremely high heat resistance and anti-slag adhesion. The protective layer 223 is fixed by countersunk screws, and a coaxial through hole is opened at the corresponding through hole 221. When the protective layer 223 is worn down due to long-term erosion by molten slag, it can be replaced individually without scrapping the entire telescopic cylinder 22, thus reducing the cost of use.

[0036] like Figures 3-7As shown, the filter plate 23 is designed as an annular disc, made of high-temperature resistant sintered metal mesh or porous ceramic plate, possessing good air permeability and sufficient mechanical strength. The filter plate 23 is axially slidably installed inside the lower end of the main cylinder 21, acting as the movable bottom wall of the annular adsorption chamber. The filter plate 23 physically divides the internal space of the adsorption mechanism into two independent functional areas: the upper area is an annular adsorption chamber filled with activated carbon for chemical adsorption and fine dust filtration; the lower area is a collection chamber enclosed by the telescopic cylinder 22, which uses gravity settling and the filter plate 23 to collect large particles of molten slag and sparks, preventing them from clogging the pores of the activated carbon. To prevent unfiltered dust-laden gas from escaping around the filter plate 23, high-temperature and wear-resistant sealing rings are installed between the outer periphery of the filter plate 23 and the inner wall of the main cylinder 21, as well as between the inner periphery and the outer wall of the partition plate 27. This ensures that the filter plate 23 maintains a dynamic sealing state during the up-and-down movement and compression of the activated carbon, forcing the airflow to pass through the mesh of the filter plate 23 and enter the annular adsorption chamber, thereby ensuring the treatment effect on the dust-laden gas.

[0037] like Figures 3-7 As shown, a transmission component is provided between the telescopic cylinder 22 and the filter plate 23 to achieve their linkage. In this embodiment, the transmission component is specifically a push rod 24 disposed inside the collection chamber. One end of the push rod 24 is connected to the inner bottom wall of the telescopic cylinder 22, and the other end is connected to the lower surface of the filter plate 23, forming a stable transmission structure. When the laser head body 1 moves downward, causing the universal ball bearings 222 at the bottom of the telescopic cylinder 22 to abut against the workpiece surface and continue to press down, the telescopic cylinder 22 will slide upward relative to the main cylinder 21. At this time, the push rod 24 moves upward accordingly, pushing the filter plate 23 into the interior of the annular adsorption chamber. Through this transmission process, a uniform axial extrusion force can be applied to the activated carbon in the chamber, thereby making the activated carbon more tightly packed, effectively enhancing the adsorption stability and filtration effect.

[0038] like Figures 3-5 As shown, two annular limiting steps 212 are machined on the inner wall of the main cylinder 21. The two limiting steps 212 are spaced vertically apart, and the filter plate 23 is longitudinally slidably mounted between the two limiting steps 212. The function of the limiting steps 212 is to restrict the vertical movement range of the filter plate 23, thereby limiting the axial movement stroke of the filter plate 23 through the precise positioning of the two limiting steps 212. This not only effectively prevents the filter plate 23 from moving excessively upwards and causing the activated carbon particles to be squeezed and damaged, but also ensures that the filter plate 23 is always in a preset safe position during operation, improving the stability and reliability of the entire filtration system.

[0039] like Figures 3-7As shown, a scraper 213 extends outward from the bottom edge of the main cylinder 21. A scraper blade is detachably mounted on the outer periphery of the scraper 213 via screws or slots. The scraper blade is preferably made of high-temperature resistant engineering plastic material, with its cutting edge tightly against the inner wall of the telescopic cylinder 22. When the main cylinder 21 moves into the telescopic cylinder 22, the scraper 213 drives the scraper blade to scrape along the inner wall of the telescopic cylinder 22, effectively removing slag and dust adhering to the inner wall of the telescopic cylinder 22, causing them to fall off and eventually settle onto the protective layer 223 at the bottom of the collection chamber, thereby keeping the inner wall clean and ensuring the normal operation of the equipment.

[0040] like Figures 3-7 As shown, an annular mounting groove 214 is provided circumferentially on the lower outer wall of the main cylinder 21, immediately above the scraper 213. An applicator 25 is embedded in the mounting groove 214. The applicator 25 is preferably made of high-temperature resistant oil-absorbing felt or porous oil-storing sponge material, and its interior is pre-absorbed with anti-splatter protective oil. The outer diameter of the applicator 25 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the main cylinder 21, ensuring that it maintains an interference fit with the inner wall of the telescopic cylinder 22 after assembly. During equipment operation, with the relative movement between the main cylinder 21 and the telescopic cylinder 22, the applicator 25 can coat the inner wall of the telescopic cylinder 22 with a uniform oil film. This oil film effectively isolates the high-temperature molten slag from direct contact with the inner wall of the telescopic cylinder 22, thus preventing the molten slag from fusing and adhering to the inner wall.

[0041] As the telescopic cylinder 22 moves upward relative to the main cylinder 21, the components at the lower end of the main cylinder 21 sequentially sweep across the inner wall of the telescopic cylinder 22. The scraper 213 at the bottom first contacts the area of ​​the inner wall with attached dirt, scraping off the solidified slag with its edge blades, completing the initial cleaning. Immediately afterwards, the coating component 25 above the scraper 213 passes over the area that has just been cleaned, evenly applying a layer of oil film. This combined scraping and coating cleaning method avoids direct contact between the coating component 25 and the rough, hard slag, effectively preventing damage caused by friction or collision. It also prevents the oil film from being applied to the surface of residual slag, ensuring that the oil layer can directly adhere to the clean inner wall of the cylinder, forming an effective isolation and protection, reducing the adhesion of subsequent splashed slag to the wall surface, and significantly reducing the cleaning difficulty during equipment maintenance.

[0042] like Figures 3-7As shown, when the filter plate 23 is blocked by the limiting step 212, the telescopic cylinder 22 cannot continue to move upward, causing the scraper 213 to only clean the upper half, creating a cleaning dead zone at the bottom. To ensure that the scraper 213 and the coating component 25 can clean the entire inner wall of the telescopic cylinder 22, especially the bottom area where slag is most easily accumulated, the lower end of the main cylinder 21 must be able to reach near the inner bottom wall of the telescopic cylinder 22. Therefore, the push rod 24 is not a simple rigid connecting rod, but a telescopic structure with a built-in elastic reset component. The elastic reset component can be a spring, and the initial preload of the spring is greater than the total resistance required for the filter plate 23 to move upward and squeeze the activated carbon. In the initial stage of the telescopic cylinder 22's upward movement, because the resistance is less than the preload, the push rod 24 remains rigid and does not retract, pushing the filter plate 23 upward like a rigid rod to squeeze the activated carbon. When the filter plate 23 stops moving after abutting against the limiting step 212, the telescopic cylinder 22 continues to move upward. The pressure on the push rod 24 exceeds the preload, forcing it to begin to retract under pressure. This allows the telescopic cylinder 22 to continue moving relative to the main cylinder 21, thereby driving the scraper 213 to scrape deeper.

[0043] Furthermore, the push rod 24 adopts a multi-section telescopic structure, which can flexibly expand and contract during operation, thereby maximizing the compression of the overall volume. A receiving cylinder 26 extending into the annular adsorption chamber is fixedly installed on the filter plate 23 at the position corresponding to the push rod 24, and a through hole is provided at this position on the filter plate 23. When the push rod 24 is forced to contract under external pressure, its various sections of the sleeve can sequentially pass through the through hole of the filter plate 23 and enter the internal space of the receiving cylinder 26, achieving "zero-height" storage of the push rod 24 within the collection chamber. This allows the lower end of the main cylinder 21 to extend unobstructed all the way to the vicinity of the inner bottom wall of the telescopic cylinder 22, creating conditions for cleaning throughout the entire stroke.

[0044] In this embodiment, the upper end of the push rod 24 and the filter plate 23 are connected by a movable snap-fit ​​structure, such as a rotating buckle. When it is necessary to clean the waste residue or replace the parts, simply rotate the buckle to separate the push rod 24 from the filter plate 23, and then remove the telescopic cylinder 22 from the main cylinder 21. After removing the telescopic cylinder 22, the operator can directly pour out the large particles of molten slag collected inside and inspect the protective layer 223 laid on the bottom wall of the telescopic cylinder 22. If the protective layer 223 is found to be severely eroded, it can be removed and replaced with a new one. At this time, the lower end of the main cylinder 21 is completely exposed. The operator can easily clean the dirt accumulated on the scraper 213 and the scraper blade. If the scraper blade is found to be severely worn, the screws can be unscrewed and a new scraper blade can be replaced directly. At the same time, check the coating part 25. If the coating part 25 is dry, protective oil can be injected into it; if the surface of the coating part 25 is hardened or damaged, it can be removed and replaced with a new coating part 25.

[0045] Based on the above-described device, the working process and working principle of the present invention are as follows: When the laser head body 1 is not in operation, it is in a high position. Under the action of gravity and the spring inside the push rod 24, the telescopic cylinder 22 is in the lowest position relative to the main cylinder 21. The push rod 24 is in a fully extended state, the filter plate 23 is at the lower limit of its stroke, and the activated carbon is in a naturally loose and stacked state.

[0046] During the cutting operation, the laser head body 1 is driven downwards. After the universal ball bearings 222 at the bottom of the telescopic cylinder 22 contact the workpiece surface, the telescopic cylinder 22 stops descending, while the laser head body 1 and the main cylinder 21 continue to descend. At this time, the telescopic cylinder 22 slides upwards relative to the main cylinder 21. During this stage, because the preload of the spring inside the push rod 24 is greater than the resistance of the filter plate 23 moving upwards, the push rod 24 does not compress and exhibits a rigid connection. Therefore, the upward thrust of the telescopic cylinder 22 is transmitted to the filter plate 23 through the rigid push rod 24, driving the filter plate 23 to move into the annular adsorption cavity, thereby applying axial extrusion force to the activated carbon, making the activated carbon tightly packed, eliminating airflow short-circuit channels, ensuring that all flue gas must pass through the dense activated carbon layer, and thus ensuring the filtration effect.

[0047] When the laser head body 1 continues to descend to the preset cutting height, laser cutting begins. During this process, the external negative pressure device is activated, and the airflow carrying molten slag and dust enters the telescopic cylinder 22 through the bottom gap and through hole 221. Large particles of molten slag are blocked by the filter plate 23 and fall onto the protective layer 223 at the bottom of the collection chamber due to gravity; fine dust passes through the filter plate 23, is adsorbed and purified by the compacted activated carbon particles, and is finally discharged through the air outlet 211.

[0048] After cutting, the laser head body 1 continues to descend until the filter plate 23 is stopped by the limiting step 212. At this time, the telescopic cylinder 22 continues to move upward relative to the main cylinder 21. Since the filter plate 23 is stationary, the push rod 24 overcomes the preload of the internal spring and begins to retract under pressure. Each section of the push rod 24 retracts into the receiving cylinder 26 on the filter plate 23 in sequence, eliminating the height occupation of the push rod 24 in the collection chamber. During this process, the scraper 213 at the lower end first scrapes away the slag on the inner wall of the telescopic cylinder 22, and the coating part 25 at the upper end follows to apply protective oil until the bottom of the telescopic cylinder 22 is cleaned.

[0049] After cleaning, the laser head body 1 is lifted. The spring inside the push rod 24 releases energy, and all components reset, ready for the next cycle. After the equipment has run for a certain period of time, or when a lot of molten slag has accumulated in the collection chamber, the telescopic cylinder 22 is removed, the molten slag inside the telescopic cylinder 22 is cleaned out, and the scraper, coating part 25 and protective layer 223 are cleaned or replaced.

[0050] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser cutting uncoiling and blanking line, comprising a laser head body (1), characterized in that, It also includes an adsorption mechanism coaxially disposed outside the laser head body (1), the adsorption mechanism including a main cylinder (21), a telescopic cylinder (22) and a filter plate (23). The main cylinder (21) is fixedly installed on the laser head body (1), and an annular adsorption cavity is defined between the inner wall of the main cylinder (21) and the outer periphery of the laser head body (1). The annular adsorption cavity is filled with activated carbon. The telescopic cylinder (22) is slidably sleeved on the lower end of the main cylinder (21) along the axial direction. The bottom end face of the telescopic cylinder (22) is provided with a through hole (221) for the laser beam to be emitted. The filter plate (23) is slidably installed on the lower end of the main cylinder (21) along the axial direction, serving as the movable bottom wall of the annular adsorption cavity, and dividing the internal space of the adsorption mechanism into the upper annular adsorption cavity and the lower collection cavity. The upper part of the main cylinder (21) is provided with an air outlet (211) connected to the annular adsorption cavity for connecting to an external negative pressure device. A transmission component is provided between the telescopic cylinder (22) and the filter plate (23). When the laser head body (1) moves down so that the bottom of the telescopic cylinder (22) abuts against the surface of the workpiece and continues to move down, the telescopic cylinder (22) slides upward relative to the main cylinder (21) and pushes the filter plate (23) into the annular adsorption cavity through the transmission component, thereby applying axial extrusion force to the activated carbon and making the activated carbon tightly filled.

2. The laser cutting uncoiling and blanking line according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the main cylinder (21) is provided with a limiting step (212) for limiting the upper and lower movement limit position of the filter plate (23). The axial movement stroke of the filter plate (23) can be limited by the limiting step (212). The transmission component includes a push rod (24) disposed inside the collection chamber. One end of the push rod (24) is connected to the inner bottom wall of the telescopic cylinder (22), and the other end is connected to the lower surface of the filter plate (23).

3. A laser cutting uncoiling and blanking line according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lower edge of the main cylinder (21) extends outward to form a scraper (213). A scraper strip is detachably installed on the outer periphery of the scraper (213). The scraper strip contacts the inner wall of the telescopic cylinder (22) and is used to scrape off impurities attached to the inner wall of the telescopic cylinder (22).

4. A laser cutting uncoiling and blanking line according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lower part of the main cylinder (21) is provided with a mounting groove (214) along the circumferential direction. A coating component (25) is detachably installed in the mounting groove (214). The coating component (25) contacts the inner wall of the telescopic cylinder (22) and is used to apply protective oil to the inner wall of the telescopic cylinder (22).

5. A laser cutting uncoiling and blanking line according to claim 4, characterized in that, The push rod (24) is a telescopic structure and has an elastic reset component built in. The initial preload of the elastic reset component is greater than the resistance required for the filter plate (23) to move upward and squeeze the activated carbon. Thus, in the initial stage of the telescopic cylinder (22) moving upward, the push rod (24) can maintain a relatively rigid state and transmit the thrust to the filter plate (23), driving the filter plate (23) to move upward to squeeze the activated carbon until the filter plate (23) reaches the uppermost end of its axial movement stroke. At this time, the telescopic cylinder (22) continues to move upward relative to the main cylinder (21), and the push rod (24) will be compressed and contracted, so that the volume of the collection chamber gradually decreases.

6. A laser cutting uncoiling and blanking line according to claim 5, characterized in that, The push rod (24) adopts a multi-section sleeve telescopic structure. The filter plate (23) is fixedly provided with a storage cylinder (26) extending into the annular adsorption cavity at the position corresponding to the push rod (24). When the push rod (24) is fully retracted, it can enter the interior of the storage cylinder (26), so that the coating part (25) and the scraper (213) can move to the bottom area of ​​the inner wall of the telescopic cylinder (22) for cleaning.

7. A laser cutting uncoiling and blanking line according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main cylinder (21) is also provided with a conical partition (27) inside. The upper end of the partition (27) is connected to the inner wall of the main cylinder (21), and the lower end extends downward and covers the outer side of the laser head body (1). The partition (27) divides the annular adsorption cavity into a laser channel located inside the partition (27) and an activated carbon filling area located outside the partition (27). The activated carbon is filled between the partition (27) and the inner wall of the main cylinder (21).

8. A laser cutting uncoiling and blanking line according to claim 2, characterized in that, The upper end of the push rod (24) is connected to the filter plate (23) by a movable snap-fit ​​structure. When the push rod (24) is separated from the filter plate (23), the telescopic cylinder (22) can detach from the lower end of the main cylinder (21).

9. A laser cutting uncoiling and blanking line according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom end face of the telescopic cylinder (22) is equipped with multiple universal ball bearings (222) for contacting the surface of the workpiece to be cut.

10. A laser cutting uncoiling and blanking line according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the telescopic cylinder (22) is equipped with a plurality of guide rollers for contacting the outer wall of the main cylinder (21).

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