A heavy horizontal machine tool machining transmission structure and machining method

Abstract

The present application belongs to heavy machine tool processing technical field, and particularly relates to a transmission structure for heavy horizontal machine tool processing and a processing method. The transmission structure comprises a moving seat, a tool holder and a deflection measurement assembly fixedly connected to the two ends of the moving seat, the deflection measurement assembly comprises a measuring tool connecting arm, the measuring tool connecting arm comprises a first measuring tool arm, one end of the first measuring tool arm is rotatably connected to a lifting seat and is in transmission connection with a stepping motor, and the stepping motor is fixedly connected to the lifting seat. The present application can assist the wheel speedometer to more conveniently and accurately measure the surface speed and deflection of the turning steel blank in real time, more conveniently hoist the workpiece, thereby reducing the cutting scraps generated in the turning processing, avoiding the cutting scraps scratching the processed surface, reducing the built-up edge, increasing the surface smoothness, reducing the surface roughness, and adjusting the turning speed in real time according to the shape and quality of the processed steel blank to maintain the optimal turning speed during the turning processing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of heavy machine tool processing technology, specifically relating to a transmission structure and processing method for processing a heavy horizontal machine tool. Background Technology

[0002] Horizontal machine tools, also known as horizontal lathes or horizontal machining centers, are one of the fundamental and key pieces of equipment in modern mechanical manufacturing. The core characteristic of a horizontal machine tool is its horizontally arranged spindle. The workpiece is typically clamped in a chuck or flange and performs the main rotary motion, while the cutting tool moves axially and radially to perform cutting. This layout makes it particularly adept at machining rotating parts such as shafts, discs, and sleeves, capable of performing various processes including external turning, internal drilling, end facing, and threading. It is widely used in industries such as automotive, aerospace, energy equipment, and general machinery, and is an indispensable piece of equipment for efficient and precise mass production, continuously supporting the improvement of global industrial productivity and technological innovation.

[0003] Chinese invention patent application number CN202511521272.0 discloses an integrated composite machining center, including a machine body, a spindle box, and a tool processing mechanism. An X-axis drive mechanism and a Y-axis drive mechanism are mounted on the machine body, respectively used to drive the tool processing mechanism to move along the X-axis and Y-axis. The tool processing mechanism includes a turret box, a turret plate, a drive motor for rotating the turret plate, and multiple tools mounted on the circumference of the turret plate. The turret box has a rotating shaft, and the turret plate is fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft. Multiple mounting slots are provided on the circumference of the turret plate, and tool holders are fixedly mounted in the mounting slots. A locking disc is threaded onto the rotating shaft, and multiple locking mechanisms are connected to the locking disc. This invention, by providing a locking disc and multiple locking mechanisms, allows for the rotation of the locking disc to drive the movement of the locking mechanisms, thus fixing the tools one by one onto the turret plate. This allows for simultaneous tool installation and removal, making tool installation and removal more convenient and facilitating later maintenance of the machine tool.

[0004] When machining a spindle, if the turning speed is too low, continuous ribbon-like chips are easily generated that are difficult to break, wrapping around the workpiece or tool, affecting operational safety, scratching the machined surface, and being inconvenient to clean. Real-time monitoring of the workpiece's rotational speed is necessary. A common method for installing a speed sensor is to directly erect an archway around the workpiece, with the speed sensor mounted inside the archway. This method easily hinders the hoisting of the workpiece and does not adjust the contact degree between the sensor and the workpiece surface. Furthermore, due to the strong friction and temperature rise characteristics between the chips and the rake face, built-up edge formation is easily promoted. The continuous growth and shedding of the built-up edge leads to a deterioration of the workpiece surface finish, resulting in scratches or grooves. If the turning speed is too high, vibration causes uneven rotation of the steel billet, resulting in eccentric rotation and a decrease in workpiece dimensional accuracy. Excessively high speeds may also cause resonance in the machine tool, workpiece, or tool system, leading to chatter, resulting in chatter marks on the machined surface and a deterioration in surface roughness. Moreover, when machining spindles of different sizes and steel billets of different qualities, the optimal turning speed is not only different, but also changes accordingly with the shape and quality of the steel billet being machined. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a transmission structure and machining method for heavy-duty horizontal machine tools. Through the interplay between the moving base, measuring arm, fixture assembly, tailstock, and slide rail, and a pre-set algorithm program in the industrial control computer, this invention assists a wheel tachometer in more convenient and accurate real-time measurement of the rotational speed and eccentricity of the outer surface of the turned steel billet. This reduces the amount of ribbon-like chips generated during turning, increases operational safety, and prevents chips from scratching the machined surface. It also reduces built-up edge formation, ensuring a smooth workpiece surface; reduces eccentric rotation during workpiece machining, lowering surface roughness; and during turning, the turning speed is adjusted in real-time according to changes in the shape and quality of the steel billet to achieve the optimal turning speed.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A transmission structure for heavy-duty horizontal machine tool processing includes a movable base. A tool holder and a deviation measuring component are fixedly connected to both ends of the movable base. The deviation measuring component includes a measuring tool arm, which includes a first measuring tool arm. One end of the first measuring tool arm is rotatably connected to a lifting base and driven by a stepper motor. The stepper motor is fixedly connected to the lifting base, which is vertically connected to the movable base. The other end of the first measuring tool arm is fixedly connected to one end of a second measuring tool arm. The other end of the second measuring tool arm is rotatably connected to one end of a third measuring tool arm via a rotating shaft. The extended end of the rotating shaft is driven by a rotating motor via a belt. The rotating motor is fixedly connected to the inner side of the first measuring tool arm. The other end of the third measuring arm is fixedly connected to one end of a fourth measuring tool arm. Multiple roller speed meters are fixedly connected to the inner side of the measuring tool arm. The roller speed meters are electrically connected to an industrial control computer fixedly connected to the movable base. The industrial control computer is electrically connected to a chuck motor.

[0008] The movable seat is located between the clamping assembly and the tailstock. Both the movable seat and the tailstock are slidably connected to two slide rails. The slide rails and the bottom of the clamping assembly are fixedly connected to the base plate. The steel billet to be processed can be hoisted and placed between the clamping assembly and the tailstock.

[0009] Furthermore, a retaining seat is provided on the outer surface of the first measuring arm, which can engage with the contour of the outer side of the connection between the third and fourth measuring arms. A slot is provided on the outer surface of the second measuring arm, which can engage with a retaining block provided on the outer surface of the third measuring arm. A baffle is provided on the inner side of the second measuring arm near the third measuring arm, which restricts the third measuring arm from rotating further inward.

[0010] Furthermore, the clamping assembly includes a gearbox, a clamping disc is driven to the side of the gearbox facing the tailstock, a clamping disc motor is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the gearbox and driven to the gearbox, the gearbox is configured to receive the torque of the clamping disc motor and drive it to the clamping disc, and four clamping blocks are circumferentially slidably connected to the side of the clamping disc facing the tailstock, the sliding direction of the clamping blocks is all towards the center of the clamping disc.

[0011] Furthermore, the center pointed to by the six roller speed measuring instruments is aligned with the center of the chuck and the center of the tailstock top shaft. The clamping assembly is configured such that when the chuck facing the tailstock abuts against one end face of the billet to be processed, the clamping blocks slide towards the center of the chuck, abutting against the side of the billet and then locking in place. The tailstock slides along the length of the slide rail and abuts against the other end face of the billet and then locks in place. The outline of the extended measuring arm is arch-shaped, and when the billet to be processed abuts between the chuck and the tailstock, the second measuring arm, the third measuring arm, the fourth measuring arm, the moving seat, and the tool holder surround the billet to be processed. The measuring wheels of the six roller speed measuring instruments on the inner side of the measuring arm contact the outer surface of the billet to be processed.

[0012] Furthermore, the measuring arm is provided with a wire groove on its side. The first wire groove is fixedly connected to the side of the first and second measuring arms, and the second wire groove is fixedly connected to the side of the third and fourth measuring arms. The wire portion that connects the six roller speed measuring instruments and the industrial control computer is housed in the first and second wire grooves.

[0013] Furthermore, the deviation measurement component includes a tracked cable trough, which is laid on the base plate, and the wires that electrically connect the clamp motor and the industrial control computer are housed in the tracked cable trough.

[0014] The tracked groove is configured such that when the moving seat slides along the slide rail, one end remains fixedly connected to the moving seat, and the other end is fixedly connected to the clamping motor.

[0015] Furthermore, the deflection measuring component includes two lifting racks, which are parallel to each other and fixedly connected to the side of the lifting seat facing away from the tool holder. Both lifting racks are drive-connected to a lifting rocker arm box, which is fixedly connected to the lifting seat. The lifting rocker arm box is configured such that when the rocker arm on the lifting rocker arm box is rocked, the gears meshing with the lifting racks inside the lifting rocker arm box rotate, driving the lifting seat, which is fixedly connected to the lifting racks, to move up and down in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane.

[0016] Furthermore, a power distribution cabinet is fixedly connected to the side of the gearbox, and the power distribution cabinet is electrically connected to the clamp motor.

[0017] Furthermore, the roller speed measuring instrument has six components: two roller speed measuring instruments are fixedly connected to the inner side of the second measuring arm, two roller speed measuring instruments are fixedly connected to the inner side of the third measuring arm, and two roller speed measuring instruments are fixedly connected to the inner side of the fourth measuring arm.

[0018] This invention also claims a machining method utilizing the aforementioned transmission structure for machining on a heavy-duty horizontal machine tool, comprising the following steps:

[0019] S101: The steel billet to be processed is directly hoisted from above the moving seat and the deviation measuring assembly to between the fixture assembly and the tailstock and placed in the area enclosed by the measuring arm, the moving seat and the tool holder;

[0020] S102: One end face of the steel billet to be processed abuts against the end face of the chuck, and the four clamping blocks slide towards the center of the chuck to abut against the side of the steel billet to be processed and then are fixed and locked. The tailstock slides along the length of the slide rail and the top shaft of the tailstock abuts against the other end face of the steel billet to be processed and then is fixed and locked.

[0021] S103: Adjust the lifting height of the measuring arm, start the stepper motor and the rotary motor in succession, and the first measuring arm, the second measuring arm, the third measuring arm and the fourth measuring arm are successively extended to the set angle until the measuring wheels of the six roller speed measuring instruments on the inner side of the measuring arm contact the arc surface of the steel billet to be processed, and the rotation direction of the measuring wheels of the roller speed measuring instruments is in the same plane as the rotation direction of the steel billet to be processed during processing;

[0022] S104: Start the chuck motor. The chuck rotates, causing the steel billet to be processed to rotate. The tool on the tool holder moves. The tool holder moves toward the chuck along with the moving seat. The steel billet to be processed is turned into a spindle.

[0023] S105: During the spindle machining process, the measuring wheel of the roller speed measuring instrument rotates with the spindle and measures the rotational speed of different points on the spindle arc surface from six different angles. Every time the measuring wheel shaft rotates a certain angle, the rotary encoder mounted on the shaft generates a pulse signal and sends it to the industrial control computer.

[0024] S106: After receiving signals from the six roller speed measuring instruments, the industrial control computer converts them into speed values ​​v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, and v6. These six speed values ​​are then substituted into the skewness formula to calculate the skewness. S is the standard deviation of n rotational speed values, where n is 6. Then the skewness value... Substitute into the formula to calculate the skewness of the Fisher moment coefficient. ;

[0025] S107: The industrial control program pre-built into the industrial computer calculates the skewness of the Fisher moment coefficient in real time. Make a judgment; when | When | < 0.5, the industrial control computer sends a speed-increasing signal to the clamp motor, and the clamp speed increases; when 0.5 ≤ | When |<1, the speed of the clamp motor remains constant; when | When |≥1, the industrial control computer sends a speed reduction signal to the clamp motor, and the clamp speed decreases.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] (1) This invention can help the wheel speed measuring instrument to more conveniently and accurately measure the rotation speed and deviation of the outer surface of the steel billet in real time, and make it easier to lift the workpiece. When lifting the steel billet to be processed, each measuring arm of the measuring tool connecting arm is in the storage state. The steel billet to be processed is directly placed into the processing area from above the moving seat, reducing the process of moving the steel billet to be processed from the side into the processing area, saving additional operating equipment, reducing processing costs, and avoiding additional translation of the steel billet to be processed, which will cause collision damage. After the steel billet to be processed is fixed by the chuck and the tailstock, the stepper motor and the rotary motor are started one after another. After each measuring arm is extended to the set angle, the measuring wheels of the six roller speed measuring instruments on the inner side of the measuring tool connecting arm contact the arc surface of the steel billet to be processed. The contact point between the wheel speed measuring instrument and the steel billet to be processed can be adjusted at more angles, avoiding multiple wheel speed measuring instruments from failing to accurately contact the workpiece surface and causing speed measurement distortion.

[0028] (2) In this invention, when machining spindles of different sizes and steel billets of different masses, the optimal turning speed can be adjusted in real time. By adjusting the lifting height and unfolding degree of the measuring arm, the measuring wheel of the roller speed measuring instrument contacts the arc surface of the steel billet to be machined from different angles. Therefore, when the steel billet to be machined rotates too fast and becomes eccentric, there will be a numerical difference between the speed values ​​v1, v2, v3, v4, v5 and v6 measured by the six roller speed measuring instruments. The six speed values ​​are substituted into the eccentricity formula to calculate the eccentricity. Then the skewness value Substitute into the formula to calculate the skewness of the Fisher moment coefficient. When | When | < 0.5, the distribution is approximately symmetrical, the influence of skewness is minimal, and the steel billet rotates relatively smoothly, allowing for an increase in turning speed; when 0.5 ≤ | When |<1, the distribution exhibits only a moderate degree of skewness, which represents the optimal turning speed at this moment; this speed should be maintained without adjustment. When |≥1: The distribution height is skewed, so the turning speed is reduced to make adjustments; thus, even if the mass and shape of the spindle change during spindle machining, the machining process can be adjusted to the optimal turning speed at that moment in real time, thereby improving machining accuracy.

[0029] (3) The present invention can adjust and reduce the turning speed when the turning speed is too high, thereby improving the machining dimensional accuracy of the spindle workpiece, avoiding resonance of the machine tool, workpiece or tool system, resulting in chatter, reducing the appearance of chatter marks on the machined surface, reducing the surface roughness during spindle machining, and adjusting and increasing the turning speed when the turning speed is too low, avoiding the generation of continuous ribbon-like chips that are difficult to break and wrap around the workpiece or tool, improving the safety of operators, avoiding chip scratches on the machined surface, reducing the workload of chip cleaning; at the same time, it avoids the formation of built-up edge, enhances the surface finish of the machined workpiece, avoids scratches or grooves, and improves the machining dimensional accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the machining process of a transmission structure for heavy-duty horizontal machine tool processing according to the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of a transmission structure for heavy-duty horizontal machine tool processing according to the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of a transmission structure for heavy-duty horizontal machine tool processing according to the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the machining process of a transmission structure for heavy-duty horizontal machine tool processing according to the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the machining process of a transmission structure for heavy-duty horizontal machine tool processing according to the present invention. Figure 3 ;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of a machining method using a transmission structure for machining on a heavy-duty horizontal machine tool, according to the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of a machining method utilizing a transmission structure for machining on a heavy-duty horizontal machine tool, according to the present invention.

[0037] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0038] Movable base; 101, knife holder;

[0039] 200. Deviation measurement component; 201. Measuring tool arm; 2011. First measuring tool arm; 2012. Second measuring tool arm; 2013. Third measuring tool arm; 2014. Fourth measuring tool arm; 2015. Card holder; 2016. Card slot; 2017. Card block; 2018. Baffle; 202. Roller speed measuring instrument; 203. Lifting rack; 204. Lifting rocker box; 205. Industrial computer; 206. Tracked cable tray; 208. Cable tray; 2081. First cable tray; 2082. Second cable tray; 209. Stepper motor; 210. Rotary motor; 211. Rotating shaft; 212. Belt; 213. Lifting base;

[0040] 300. Clamp assembly; 301. Clamping disc; 302. Clamping block; 303. Gearbox; 304. Clamping disc motor; 305. Power distribution cabinet;

[0041] 400, tailstock;

[0042] 500, slide rail;

[0043] 600. Steel billet to be processed;

[0044] 700, base plate. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. Of course, the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0046] Although the steps in this invention are arranged by reference numerals, this is not intended to limit the order of the steps. Unless the order of the steps is explicitly stated or the execution of a step requires other steps as a basis, the relative order of the steps can be adjusted. It is understood that the term "and / or" as used herein refers to and covers any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0047] Example

[0048] like Figures 1-7 As shown, a transmission structure for heavy-duty horizontal machine tool machining includes a movable base 100. A tool holder 101 and a deviation measuring assembly 200 are fixedly connected to both ends of the movable base 100. The deviation measuring assembly 200 includes a measuring tool arm 201, which includes a first measuring tool arm 2011. One end of the first measuring tool arm 2011 is rotatably connected to a lifting base 213 and is driven by a stepper motor 209. The stepper motor 209 is fixedly connected to the lifting base 213, which is vertically connected to the movable base 100. The other end of the first measuring tool arm 2011 is fixedly connected to a second measuring tool arm 201. 2. One end of the second measuring arm 2012 and the other end of the third measuring arm 2013 are rotatably connected via a rotating shaft 211. The extended end of the rotating shaft 211 is connected to a rotating motor 210 via a belt 212. The rotating motor 210 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the first measuring arm 2011. The other end of the third measuring arm 2013 is fixedly connected to one end of the fourth measuring arm 2014. Multiple roller speed measuring instruments 202 are fixedly connected to the inner side of the measuring arm 201. The roller speed measuring instruments 202 are electrically connected to an industrial control computer 205 fixedly connected to a movable base 100. The industrial control computer 205 is electrically connected to a clamping motor 304. The movable seat 100 is located between the clamp assembly 300 and the tailstock 400. Both the movable seat 100 and the tailstock 400 are slidably connected to two slide rails 500. The slide rails 500 and the bottom of the clamp assembly 300 are fixedly connected to the base plate 700. The steel billet 600 to be processed can be hoisted and placed between the clamp assembly 300 and the tailstock 400.

[0049] Furthermore, a retainer 2015 is provided on the outer surface of the first measuring arm 2011, which can engage with the contour of the outer side of the connection between the third measuring arm 2013 and the fourth measuring arm 2014. A slot 2016 is provided on the outer surface of the second measuring arm 2012, which can engage with a retaining block 2017 provided on the outer surface of the third measuring arm 2013. A baffle 2018 is provided on the inner side of the second measuring arm 2012 near the third measuring arm 2013, which restricts the third measuring arm 2013 from rotating further inward.

[0050] In this invention, because each measuring arm of the measuring arm 201 is in a retracted state when the steel billet 600 is being hoisted, the steel billet 600 can be directly placed into the processing area from above the moving seat 100. This reduces the step of moving the steel billet 600 from the side into the processing area, reduces additional operating equipment, lowers processing costs, facilitates workpiece hoisting, and avoids damage caused by additional translation of the steel billet 600. After the steel billet 600 is fixed by the chuck 301 and the tailstock 400, the stepper motor 209 and the rotary motor 210 are started successively, the first measuring arm 2011 and the second measuring arm 2012 unfold, and the third measuring arm 2012 unfolds. The locking block 2017 on the outer side of the third measuring arm 2013 disengages from the slot 2016 on the outer side of the second measuring arm 2012. The third measuring arm 2013 unfolds until it is restricted by the baffle 2018 on the inner side of the second measuring arm 2012. After each measuring arm unfolds to the set angle, the measuring wheels of the six roller speed measuring instruments 202 on the inner side of the measuring arm 201 come into contact with the arc surface of the steel billet 600 to be processed. The contact point between the roller speed measuring instruments 202 and the steel billet 600 to be processed has more adjustable angles, avoiding the situation where multiple roller speed measuring instruments 202 cannot accurately contact the workpiece surface and cause speed measurement distortion. This can help the roller speed measuring instruments to more conveniently and accurately measure the rotational speed and deviation of the outer surface of the steel billet in real time.

[0051] Furthermore, the clamp assembly 300 includes a gearbox 303, which is connected to a clamping plate 301 on the side facing the tailstock 400. A clamping plate motor 304 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the gearbox 303 and is connected to the gearbox 303 in a driving manner. The gearbox 303 is configured to receive the torque of the clamping plate motor 304 and transmit it to the clamping plate 301. Four clamping blocks 302 are circumferentially slidably connected on the side of the clamping plate 301 facing the tailstock 400. The sliding direction of the clamping blocks 302 is all towards the center of the clamping plate 301.

[0052] In this invention, the turning speed can be adjusted and reduced when it is too high, thereby improving the dimensional accuracy of the workpiece machining on the spindle 601, avoiding resonance of the machine tool, workpiece, or tool system, which could lead to chatter, reducing the appearance of chatter marks on the machined surface, and lowering the surface roughness of the spindle 601 during machining. When the turning speed is too low, the turning speed can be adjusted and increased to prevent continuous, difficult-to-break ribbon-like chips from becoming entangled on the workpiece or tool, improving operator safety, preventing chips from scratching the machined surface, and reducing the workload of chip cleaning; simultaneously, it prevents the formation of built-up edge, enhances the surface finish of the machined workpiece, avoids scratches or grooves, and improves the dimensional accuracy of machining.

[0053] Furthermore, the center pointed to by the six roller speed measuring instruments 202 is on the same straight line as the center of the chuck 301 and the center of the top shaft of the tailstock 400. The clamp assembly 300 is configured such that when the side of the chuck 301 facing the tailstock 400 abuts against one end face of the steel billet 600 to be processed, the clamping blocks 302 slide towards the center of the chuck 301 to abut against the side of the steel billet 600 to be processed and then lock in place. The tailstock 400 slides along the length of the slide rail 500 and the top shaft of the tailstock 400 abuts against the other end face of the steel billet 600 to be processed and then locks in place. The outline of the measuring arm 201 after unfolding is arch-shaped. When the steel billet 600 to be processed is pressed between the chuck 301 and the tailstock 400, the second measuring arm 2012, the third measuring arm 2013, the fourth measuring arm 2014, the moving seat 100 and the tool holder 101 surround the steel billet 600 to be processed. The measuring wheels of the six roller speed measuring instruments 202 on the inner side of the measuring arm 201 are in contact with the outer surface of the steel billet 600 to be processed.

[0054] Furthermore, the measuring arm 201 has a wire groove 208 on its side. The first wire groove 2081 is fixedly connected to the side of the first measuring arm 2011 and the second measuring arm 2012, and the second wire groove 2082 is fixedly connected to the side of the third measuring arm 2013 and the fourth measuring arm 2014. The wire portion that connects the six roller speed measuring instruments 202 and the industrial control computer 205 is housed in the first wire groove 2081 and the second wire groove 2082.

[0055] Furthermore, the deviation measurement assembly 200 includes a tracked cable tray 206 laid on the base plate 700, and the wires that electrically connect the clamp motor 304 and the industrial control computer 205 are housed within the tracked cable tray 206. The tracked cable tray 206 is configured such that when the movable seat 100 slides along the slide rail 500, one end remains fixedly connected to the movable seat 100, and the other end is fixedly connected to the clamp motor 304.

[0056] Furthermore, the deflection measuring assembly 200 includes two lifting racks 203, which are fixedly connected in parallel to each other on the side of the lifting base 213 facing away from the tool holder 101. Both lifting racks 203 are connected to a lifting rocker arm box 204, which is fixedly connected to the lifting base 213. The lifting rocker arm box 204 is configured such that when the rocker arm on the lifting rocker arm box 204 is rocked, the gears meshing with the lifting racks 203 inside the lifting rocker arm box 204 rotate, thereby driving the lifting base 213, which is fixedly connected to the lifting racks 203, to move up and down in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane.

[0057] It is worth noting that raising and lowering the lifting seat 213 by shaking the lifting rocker box 204 is existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0058] Furthermore, a power distribution cabinet 305 is fixedly connected to the side of the gearbox 303, and the power distribution cabinet 305 is electrically connected to the clamp motor 304.

[0059] Furthermore, the roller speed measuring instrument 202 has six components: two roller speed measuring instruments 202 are fixedly connected to the inner side of the second measuring arm 2012, two roller speed measuring instruments 202 are fixedly connected to the inner side of the third measuring arm 2013, and two roller speed measuring instruments 202 are fixedly connected to the inner side of the fourth measuring arm 2014.

[0060] It is worth noting that the roller tester 202 is a contact-type mechanical speed measuring device. It is an instrument that uses a combination of encoder and measuring wheel to measure parameters such as displacement, speed, and time. The rotary encoder is mounted on the shaft of the roller. Every time the wheel rotates a certain angle, the encoder generates a pulse signal. The industrial control computer 205, which is electrically connected to the roller tester 202, can receive the pulse signals from the rotary encoder, perform calculations based on the number of pulses and time, and display the results. This is existing technology and will not be elaborated further.

[0061] For example, the roller speed measuring instrument 202 is a Turck Bi5-M18 model, and the industrial control computer 205 is a Siemens S7-1200 1214C model and SB1223 model counting module. This is prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0062] This invention also claims a machining method utilizing the aforementioned transmission structure for machining on a heavy-duty horizontal machine tool, comprising the following steps:

[0063] S101: The steel billet 600 to be processed is directly hoisted from above the moving seat 100 and the deviation measuring assembly 200 to between the clamp assembly 300 and the tailstock 400 and placed in the area enclosed by the measuring arm 201, the moving seat 100 and the tool holder 101.

[0064] S102: One end face of the steel billet 600 to be processed abuts against the end face of the chuck 301, and the four clamping blocks 302 slide towards the center of the chuck 301 to abut against the side of the steel billet 600 to be processed and then fix and lock it, and the tailstock 400 slides along the length of the slide rail 500 and the top shaft of the tailstock 400 abuts against the other end face of the steel billet 600 to be processed and then fixes and locks it.

[0065] S103: Adjust the lifting height of the measuring arm 201, and start the stepper motor 209 and the rotary motor 210 in succession. The first measuring arm 2011, the second measuring arm 2012, the third measuring arm 2013 and the fourth measuring arm 2014 are successively extended to the set angle until the measuring wheels of the six roller speed measuring instruments 202 on the inner side of the measuring arm 201 contact the arc surface of the steel billet 600 to be processed, and the rotation direction of the measuring wheels of the roller speed measuring instruments 202 is in the same plane as the rotation direction of the steel billet 600 during processing.

[0066] S104: Start the chuck motor 304. The chuck 301 rotates, causing the steel billet 600 to be processed to rotate. The tool on the tool holder 101 moves. The tool holder 101 moves toward the chuck 301 with the moving seat 100. The steel billet 600 to be processed is turned into the spindle 601.

[0067] S105: During the machining process of the spindle 601, the measuring wheel of the roller speed measuring instrument 202 rotates with the spindle 601 and measures the rotation speed of different points on the arc surface of the spindle 601 from six different angles. Every time the measuring wheel shaft rotates a certain angle, the rotary encoder mounted on the shaft generates a pulse signal and sends it to the industrial control computer 205.

[0068] S106: After receiving the signals from the six roller speed measuring instruments 202, the industrial control computer 205 converts them into speed values ​​v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, and v6. The six speed values ​​are then substituted into the skewness formula to calculate the skewness. S is the standard deviation of n rotational speed values, where n is 6. Then the skewness value... Substitute into the formula to calculate the skewness of the Fisher moment coefficient. ;

[0069] S107: The industrial control program pre-built into the industrial control computer 205 calculates the skewness of the Fisher moment coefficient in real time. Make a judgment; when | When | < 0.5, the industrial computer 205 sends a speed-increasing signal to the clamp motor 304, and the clamp 301 speeds up; when 0.5 ≤ | When |<1, the speed of the clamp motor 304 remains unchanged; when | When |≥1, the industrial computer 205 sends a speed reduction signal to the clamp motor 304, and the speed of the clamp 301 decreases.

[0070] In this invention, when machining spindles of different sizes and steel billets of different masses, the optimal turning speed can be adjusted in real time. The vibration generated by centrifugal force at high speeds causes uneven rotation of the steel billet 600, resulting in eccentric rotation. By adjusting the lifting height and extension of the measuring arm, the measuring wheels of the roller tachometer 202 contact the arc surface of the steel billet 600 from different angles. Therefore, when the steel billet 600 rotates too fast and becomes eccentric, the arc surface of the steel billet 600 jumps around its center, and the linear velocity at various points on the arc surface of the steel billet 600 becomes uneven. A numerical difference will occur between the rotational speed values ​​v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, and v6 measured by the six roller tachometers 202. The greater the degree of rotational eccentricity, the greater this numerical difference. The six rotational speed values ​​are substituted into the eccentricity formula to calculate the eccentricity. S is the standard deviation of n rotational speed values, where n is 6. Then the skewness value... Substitute into the formula to calculate the skewness of the Fisher moment coefficient. When | When | < 0.5, the distribution is approximately symmetrical, the influence of skewness is minimal, and the steel billet to be machined rotates relatively smoothly at 600°, allowing for an increase in turning speed; when 0.5 ≤ | When |<1, the distribution exhibits only a moderate degree of skewness. During machining, the eccentric rotation of the steel billet at 60° is within the design range, which represents the optimal turning speed at this moment. This speed should be maintained without adjustment. When |≥1: The distribution is highly skewed, the data symmetry is very poor, and the mean is severely affected by extreme values. During processing, the eccentric rotation of the steel billet 600 is too large, so the turning speed is reduced to make adjustments. Thus, when machining the spindle 601, even if the mass and shape of the spindle 601 change, the machining process can be adjusted to the optimal turning speed in real time, thereby improving machining accuracy.

[0071] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A transmission structure for machining on a heavy-duty horizontal machine tool, characterized in that, The device includes a movable base (100), with a tool holder (101) and a deviation measuring assembly (200) fixedly connected to its two ends. The deviation measuring assembly (200) includes a measuring tool arm (201), which includes a first measuring tool arm (2011). One end of the first measuring tool arm (2011) is rotatably connected to a lifting base (213) and driven by a stepper motor (209). The stepper motor (209) is fixedly connected to the lifting base (213), which is vertically connected to the movable base (100). The other end of the first measuring tool arm (2011) is fixedly connected to one end of a second measuring tool arm (2012). The other end of the measuring arm (2012) is rotatably connected to one end of the third measuring arm (2013) via a rotating shaft (211). The extended end of the rotating shaft (211) is connected to the rotating motor (210) via a belt (212). The rotating motor (210) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the first measuring arm (2011). The other end of the third measuring arm (2013) is fixedly connected to one end of the fourth measuring arm (2014). Multiple roller speed measuring instruments (202) are fixedly connected to the inner side of the measuring arm (201). The roller speed measuring instruments (202) are electrically connected to the industrial control computer (205) fixedly connected to the movable base (100). The industrial control computer (205) is electrically connected to the clamp motor (304). The movable seat (100) is located between the clamp assembly (300) and the tailstock (400). The movable seat (100) and the tailstock (400) are slidably connected on two slide rails (500). The bottom of the slide rails (500) and the clamp assembly (300) are fixedly connected to the base plate (700). The steel billet (600) to be processed can be hoisted and placed between the clamp assembly (300) and the tailstock (400).

2. The transmission structure for heavy-duty horizontal machine tool processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer side of the first measuring arm (2011) is provided with a retainer (2015), which can engage with the contour of the outer side of the connection between the third measuring arm (2013) and the fourth measuring arm (2014); The second measuring arm (2012) has a slot (2016) on its outer side, which can engage with a block (2017) on the outer side of the third measuring arm (2013). The second measuring arm (2012) has a baffle (2018) on its inner side near the third measuring arm (2013), which restricts the third measuring arm (2013) from rotating further inward.

3. The transmission structure for heavy-duty horizontal machine tool processing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The clamp assembly (300) includes a gearbox (303) which is connected to a chuck (301) on the side facing the tailstock (400). A chuck motor (304) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the gearbox (303) and is connected to the gearbox (303) in a driving manner. The gearbox (303) is configured to receive the torque of the chuck motor (304) and transmit it to the chuck (301). Four clamping blocks (302) are circumferentially slidably connected on the side of the chuck (301) facing the tailstock (400). The sliding direction of the clamping blocks (302) is all towards the center of the chuck (301).

4. The transmission structure for heavy-duty horizontal machine tool processing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The center pointed to by the six roller speed measuring instruments (202) is on the same straight line as the center of the clamp (301) and the center of the top shaft of the tailstock (400); The clamping assembly (300) is configured such that when the chuck (301) facing the tailstock (400) abuts against one end face of the steel billet (600) to be processed, the clamping blocks (302) slide towards the center of the chuck (301) to abut against the side of the steel billet (600) to be processed and then are fixed and locked, and the tailstock (400) slides along the length direction of the slide rail (500) and the top shaft of the tailstock (400) abuts against the other end face of the steel billet (600) to be processed and then is fixed and locked. The outline of the measuring arm (201) after unfolding is arch-shaped. When the steel billet (600) to be processed is pressed between the chuck (301) and the tailstock (400), the second measuring arm (2012), the third measuring arm (2013), the fourth measuring arm (2014), the moving seat (100) and the tool holder (101) surround the steel billet (600) to be processed. The measuring wheels of the six roller speed measuring instruments (202) on the inner side of the measuring arm (201) are in contact with the outer surface of the steel billet (600) to be processed.

5. The transmission structure for heavy-duty horizontal machine tool processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The measuring arm (201) is provided with a wire groove (208) on its side. The first wire groove (2081) is fixedly connected to the side of the first measuring arm (2011) and the second measuring arm (2012). The second wire groove (2082) is fixedly connected to the side of the third measuring arm (2013) and the fourth measuring arm (2014). The wire portion that connects the six roller speed measuring instruments (202) and the industrial control computer (205) is housed in the first wire groove (2081) and the second wire groove (2082).

6. The transmission structure for heavy-duty horizontal machine tool processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The deviation measurement component (200) includes a tracked cable tray (206), which is laid on the base plate (700) and houses the wires that electrically connect the clamp motor (304) and the industrial control computer (205) in the tracked cable tray (206). The tracked groove (206) is configured such that when the movable seat (100) slides along the slide rail (500), one end remains fixedly connected to the movable seat (100), and the other end is fixedly connected to the clamp motor (304).

7. The transmission structure for heavy-duty horizontal machine tool processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The skewness measuring component (200) includes two lifting racks (203), which are fixedly connected to each other in parallel on the side of the lifting seat (213) facing away from the tool holder (101). Both lifting racks (203) are connected to the lifting rocker box (204) for mutual transmission. The lifting rocker box (204) is fixedly connected to the lifting seat (213). The lifting rocker box (204) is configured such that when the rocker on the lifting rocker box (204) is rocked, the gear meshing with the lifting rack (203) inside the lifting rocker box (204) rotates, and drives the lifting seat (213) fixedly connected to the lifting rack (203) to move up and down in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane.

8. The transmission structure for heavy-duty horizontal machine tool processing according to claim 3, characterized in that, A power distribution cabinet (305) is fixedly connected to the side of the gearbox (303), and the power distribution cabinet (305) is electrically connected to the clamp motor (304).

9. The transmission structure for heavy-duty horizontal machine tool processing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The roller speed measuring instrument (202) has six components. Two roller speed measuring instruments (202) are fixedly connected to the inner side of the second measuring arm (2012), two roller speed measuring instruments (202) are fixedly connected to the inner side of the third measuring arm (2013), and two roller speed measuring instruments (202) are fixedly connected to the inner side of the fourth measuring arm (2014).

10. A machining method utilizing the transmission structure for machining on a heavy-duty horizontal machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S101: The steel billet (600) to be processed is directly hoisted from above the moving seat (100) and the deviation measuring assembly (200) to between the clamping assembly (300) and the tailstock (400) and placed in the area enclosed by the measuring arm (201), the moving seat (100) and the tool holder (101); S102: One end face of the steel billet (600) to be processed abuts against the end face of the chuck (301), and the four clamping blocks (302) slide towards the center of the chuck (301) to abut against the side of the steel billet (600) to be processed and then fix and lock it. The tailstock (400) slides along the length of the slide rail (500) and the top shaft of the tailstock (400) abuts against the other end face of the steel billet (600) to be processed and then fixes and locks it. S103: Adjust the lifting height of the measuring arm (201), and start the stepper motor (209) and the rotary motor (210) in succession. The first measuring arm (2011), the second measuring arm (2012), the third measuring arm (2013) and the fourth measuring arm (2014) are successively extended to the set angle until the measuring wheels of the six roller speed measuring instruments (202) on the inner side of the measuring arm (201) come into contact with the arc surface of the steel billet (600) to be processed, and the rotation direction of the measuring wheels of the roller speed measuring instruments (202) is in the same plane as the rotation direction of the steel billet (600) to be processed. S104: Start the chuck motor (304), the chuck (301) rotates and drives the steel billet (600) to be processed to rotate, the tool on the tool holder (101) moves, the tool holder (101) moves towards the chuck (301) with the moving seat (100), and the steel billet (600) to be processed is turned into the spindle (601). S105: During the machining process of the spindle (601), the measuring wheel of the roller speed measuring instrument (202) rotates with the spindle (601) and measures the rotation speed of different points on the arc surface of the spindle (601) from six different angles. Every time the measuring wheel shaft rotates a certain angle, the rotary encoder mounted on the shaft generates a pulse signal and sends it to the industrial control computer (205). S106: After receiving the signals from the six roller speed measuring instruments (202), the industrial control computer (205) converts them into speed values ​​v1, v2, v3, v4, v5 and v6, and substitutes the six speed values ​​into the skewness formula to calculate the skewness. S is the standard deviation of n rotational speed values, where n is 6. Then the skewness value... Substitute into the formula to calculate the skewness of the Fisher moment coefficient. ; S107: The industrial control program pre-built into the industrial computer (205) calculates the skewness of the Fisher moment coefficient in real time. Make a judgment; when | When | < 0.5, the industrial computer (205) sends a speed-increasing signal to the clamp motor (304), and the clamp (301) speeds up; when 0.5 ≤ | When |<1, the speed of the clamp motor (304) remains constant; when | When |≥1, the industrial computer (205) sends a speed reduction signal to the chuck motor (304), and the speed of the chuck (301) decreases.

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