Box-type water collection and drainage device suitable for floating block structure of offshore floating photovoltaic field

Abstract

A box type water collecting and draining device suitable for a floating block structure of an offshore floating photovoltaic field comprises four floating blocks and a water collecting box connected with the floating blocks, the water collecting box is arranged in the center of a structure shaped like a Chinese character'tian 'formed by the four floating blocks, a water inlet of each floating block accurately corresponds to one corner of the corresponding floating block, and an air pump gateway platform is arranged. The control system is used for controlling the conveying of pressurized gas, is provided with a shunting gas bin gas pipe assembly and is used for conveying high-pressure gas to the water collecting tank and a follow-up gas bag arranged in the water inlet; a plurality of one-way rubber valves are arranged and used for discharging accumulated water in the water collecting tank, and a water level monitor is arranged and used for detecting the water level in the water collecting tank. Accumulated water on the surface of the floating block membrane structure can be quickly drained to the under-membrane water collection tank, and structural load increase or influence on operation of a photovoltaic module caused by the accumulated water is avoided; when accumulated water in the water collecting tank reaches a preset value, the accumulated water in the water collecting tank is efficiently squeezed out and discharged through the one-way rubber valve, and automatic and retention-free accumulated water treatment is achieved in the whole process.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of offshore floating photovoltaic power generation technology, and particularly relates to a positive pressure water tank drainage scheme for an underwater drainage / collection scheme of a floating offshore photovoltaic field. BACKGROUND

[0002] Compared with land photovoltaic systems, floating offshore photovoltaic power stations are close to areas where electricity demand is concentrated along the southeast coast, which can significantly reduce power transmission losses. At present, the industry still mainly constructs near-shore fixed / pile photovoltaic arrays, but due to the limited space of the near-shore area and the difficult ecological protection task, developing floating photovoltaic systems in the far-sea deep water area is an inevitable path for the development of marine renewable energy.

[0003] There are currently various technical implementation paths in the field of far-sea floating photovoltaic systems, among which, the large floating thin-film structure has become one of the mainstream technical schemes for the construction of far-sea floating photovoltaic power stations due to its significant economic advantage and large potential installed capacity. In the above thin-film structure technical route, the multi-float splicing technical scheme using a floating thin-film structure is a mature and effective technical choice. This scheme has good operability during the construction and assembly stage, and has high flexibility and construction applicability when local damage occurs or parts need to be replaced, effectively reducing subsequent operation and maintenance costs.

[0004] In the open environment of the far sea, photovoltaic floating platforms are subjected to the combined action of various wind, wave and current loads, among which the action of waves is the most significant. In addition to the common wave overtopping impact, salt spray erosion, surface water accumulation caused by rainfall and dynamic load caused by water sloshing are more prominent, and this dynamic load is superimposed with the action of waves, making the stress condition more complex. When rainfall accumulates continuously or waves overtop the edge of the floating body, causing seawater to flow in, seawater and rainwater will form persistent water accumulation on the surface of the flexible membrane structure and the underlying laminated structure, and the water sloshing caused by wind and wave disturbance will bring three core technical problems: first, the long-term contact of water with the electrical contacts of photovoltaic components not only easily causes electrochemical corrosion, leading to a decrease in power generation efficiency, but also makes the electrical contacts more prone to loosen, increasing the probability of failure; second, the flexible membrane structure not only has to withstand the static pressure of the water, but also has to resist the dynamic load caused by sloshing, which will cause irreversible deformation of the flexible membrane structure, reduce the bearing capacity, and also accelerate material aging; third, the dynamic force caused by water sloshing is easy to resonate with the natural frequency of the floating body structure and anchoring system, and in severe cases, it will cause the anchoring system to fail, affecting the overall operation of the floating photovoltaic field.

[0005] Among the existing drainage technical solutions of the far-sea floating photovoltaic system, the mainstream solution is the simple water pump pumping solution, which has the following technical defects: firstly, a large number of electrical components (including distribution boxes, cables, controllers and water pumps, etc.) need to be adapted, which not only has high energy consumption, but also has a high risk of damage to electrical components, and at the same time, significantly increases the implementation cost of the overall solution; secondly, the design form of fixed point monitoring and fixed path drainage makes the drainage effect under the action of waves unsatisfactory, and the local area such as the wrinkle of the floating body film structure is prone to water accumulation and retention, which is difficult to completely drain, and the damage risk of the drainage pipeline is high. Another related technical solution (application number: 202410508033.0) discloses an in-situ drainage solution based on a check valve structure, which has the technical problems of high backflow risk and low drainage efficiency.

[0006] The comprehensive analysis shows that the existing technology has not effectively solved the following core problems: (1) effective drainage for large-area film structures; (2) reliability of long-time operation conditions; (3) simple structure, easy maintenance, and controllable cost. SUMMARY

[0007] The application discloses a floating offshore photovoltaic field floating block-film structure drainage tank based on the positive pressure regulation principle and a regulation method, and the core technology is that: with the help of the active drainage pipe system, the accumulated water on the surface of the floating block film structure can be quickly drained to the tank under the film, so as to avoid the increase of the structural load caused by the accumulated water or the influence on the operation of the photovoltaic module; when the accumulated water in the tank reaches the preset value, the air pump is automatically started to pressurize, and at the same time, the follow-up air bag is used to synchronously close the water inlet, so as to form a positive pressure environment in the tank, and then the accumulated water in the tank is efficiently squeezed out through the one-way rubber valve, and the whole process realizes automatic and non-retained water treatment.

[0008] The application provides a tank-type water collecting and draining device suitable for the floating block structure of the offshore floating photovoltaic field, which has high integration, has the functions of water collecting and draining, is easy to install and can be seamlessly adapted to the existing floating block-film structure. The air pump assembly composed of the air pump, the shunt air warehouse and the follow-up air bag realizes the positive pressure regulation of the device; the water outlet structure with the one-way rubber valve as the core ensures the one-way flow of the device during the drainage process and prevents the backflow of seawater.

[0009] A box - type water collection and drainage device suitable for the floating block structure of an offshore floating photovoltaic field provided by the present invention includes four floating blocks and a water collection tank connected thereto. The water collection tank is placed in the center of the "field" - shaped structure formed by the four floating blocks. The water inlet of each floating block precisely corresponds to a corner of a floating block. It also includes an air pump gateway platform, which includes an air pump for dual - path air supply and pressurization and a gateway control module integrated with remote control for controlling the delivery of pressurized gas. It includes a shunt air chamber air pipe assembly, which is connected to the air pump and the water collection tank for delivering high - pressure gas to the follow - up air bags provided in the water collection tank and the water inlets. It includes a plurality of one - way rubber valves arranged along the circumference of the water collection tank for discharging the accumulated water in the water collection tank. It includes a water level monitor, which is vertically arranged inside the water collection tank and detects the water level in the water collection tank through a water level float.

[0010] Further, the shunt air chamber air pipe assembly consists of a guide pipe and a partition air chamber. The guide pipe has four guide pipe air outlet holes and is respectively connected to the follow - up air bags arranged in the water inlets of each floating block. The partition air chamber has an eccentric chamber air inlet hole and a guide pipe air inlet hole, which are respectively connected to the dual - path air supply and pressurization ports of the air pump.

[0011] Further, an eccentric chamber is provided inside the partition air chamber, which is an eccentric double - chamber structure composed of an eccentric chamber and an outer peripheral chamber. The eccentric chamber air inlet hole and the guide pipe air inlet hole are respectively arranged on the eccentric chamber and the outer ring chamber. The side of the partition air chamber is provided with an opening and connected to the guide pipe for precisely supplying gas to the follow - up air bags.

[0012] Further, the follow - up air bag includes a spring and a rubber air bag. The spring is arranged inside the rubber air bag and acts in coordination with the rubber air bag. The upper and lower ends of the rubber air bag are respectively provided with an upper fixing pin and a lower fixing pin. The air outlet arranged inside the rubber air bag is connected to the guide pipe.

[0013] Further, the water outlet of the one - way rubber valve is provided with an elastic flap, and the elastic flap is a multi - flap conical structure for realizing one - way flow.

[0014] Further, an overflow pipe is provided, which connects the surface of the floating block and the inside of the water collection tank. The overflow pipe is fixed to the membrane structure through a flange with a rubber cushion. A trash rack is provided at the top of the overflow pipe for intercepting foreign objects on the membrane surface.

[0015] Further, perforated anti - rolling plates are arranged inside the water collection tank. The perforated anti - rolling plates include a double - layer structure composed of an inner - ring low perforated anti - rolling plate and an outer - ring high perforated anti - rolling plate. The sloshing amplitude is weakened through the damping effect of the perforated anti - rolling plates, and the dynamic load impact on the floating block structure is reduced.

[0016] Further, a closed counterweight water tank is included to balance the attitude fluctuations caused by the changes in self - weight and buoyancy. The counterweight water tank is arranged around the bottom edge of the water collection tank.

[0017] Adjustment method for the drainage device of the floating offshore photovoltaic field floating block structure provided by the present invention:

[0018] Under the self-flow water collection state, the rubber airbag shrinks under the action of the spring, and the water collected on the water surface flows into the water collection tank through the trash rack under the action of the gravity gradient or waves. The sloshing situation of the accumulated water in the water collection tank is reduced by the perforated anti-rolling plate to reduce the negative impact of sloshing;

[0019] Under the pressurized drainage state, the air pump is remotely controlled to start through the water level adjustment or gateway device, and outputs pressurized gas. The pressurized gas is divided into two paths through the partition air chamber: one path enters the interior of the water collection tank, increasing the air pressure above the water surface in the water collection tank, and then squeezing the water body. When the water pressure of the water body reaches the action threshold of the flap-shaped one-way rubber valve, the stored water in the water collection tank is discharged through multiple one-way rubber valves; the other path of gas enters the water inlet air pipe through the partition air chamber, and the rubber airbag bulges under the action of the air pressure. The bulging airbag completely blocks the water inlet pipes at the four water inlets, preventing the accumulated water from entering the water collection tank again through the pipeline, and ensuring the stable increase of the air pressure in the water collection tank to squeeze the water body.

[0020] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The core innovation effect is remarkable, and the drainage and anti-backflow performance is excellent: Through the combination design of self-flow water collection and pressurized drainage, the drainage process of the present invention is simple and efficient - under the self-flow water collection state, the accumulated water can naturally flow into the water collection tank through the flow pipeline under the action of the gravity gradient and waves without additional power; under the pressurized drainage state, the accumulated water is quickly discharged by means of the positive pressure adjustment principle, and no complex operation is required throughout the process. At the same time, the pipelines and the box body of the device are all arranged below the water surface. With the real-time monitoring of the water level monitor, the reverse sealing characteristics of the one-way rubber valve and the synchronous blocking function of the follower airbag, the seawater backflow path can be effectively blocked, ensuring the stability of the drainage system operation; in addition, the water collection tank adopts a large-volume design and is optimally arranged in the center of the "field"-shaped floating block structure, with independent water inlet channels for multiple floating blocks, greatly increasing the accumulated water storage capacity and adapting to the storage requirements of various accumulated water scenarios such as overtopping waves and rainfall at sea.

[0022] The cost advantage is prominent and the economy is good: The core functions of the present invention can be realized only through a small number of electrical and structural components such as an air pump assembly, a one-way rubber valve, a follower airbag, and a water collection tank, without setting up complex large driving equipment or redundant control mechanisms. The number of components is small and the structure is simplified, significantly reducing the manufacturing cost and subsequent operation and maintenance cost of the device, and having good engineering application economy.

[0023] Convenient to install and highly adaptable: The water collection tank and floating block structure of this invention are fixed only by flange connection, which is reliable and easy to install. The air pump component adopts an independent structural design and can be quickly arranged through the reserved frame. Combined with the segmented towing installation method of the floating block photovoltaic platform, rapid construction and assembly can be achieved. At the same time, the device can be seamlessly adapted to the existing floating block-film structure without the need for major modification of the original photovoltaic field structure, and has a wide range of applications.

[0024] The adjustment logic is simple, and the operation is convenient and efficient, offering significant advantages over pure pump pumping solutions: This invention only sets up two operating conditions: tank inlet and tank outlet. The adjustment process only requires controlling the start and stop of the air pump to switch between operating conditions, making the control logic simple; the operating condition transition time is only about 5 minutes, with a rapid response; the adjustment is based only on the rainfall level (weather forecast) and the water level inside the tank (water level monitoring instrument data), without the need for complex parameter calculations. It also supports remote control, adapting to the needs of unattended operation and maintenance at sea, and significantly reducing the difficulty of operation. Compared to pure pump pumping solutions, the air pump used in this invention does not come into direct contact with seawater, effectively avoiding the effects of seawater corrosion and significantly extending the air pump's maintenance cycle and service life at sea; moreover, the air pump only needs to work intermittently for a short time to complete the drainage needs, requiring less power consumption, further improving the actual service life of the air pump and reducing energy consumption and maintenance frequency.

[0025] High structural reliability and long service life: The adjustment structure of this invention is simplified and the working condition switching process is convenient, reducing the probability of failure. The vulnerable parts of the device (such as air pumps, control equipment, gateway equipment, etc.) are all arranged above the membrane structure and water surface, avoiding direct corrosion from the complex underwater environment. The underwater core structure (such as the box, pipeline, one-way rubber valve) is designed in a simple manner. With the help of auxiliary structures such as the debris barrier to intercept foreign objects, the anti-sway plate to suppress swaying impact, and the ballast water chamber to ensure floating stability, the wear and tear of components is further reduced, and the operational stability and service life of the device in the marine wind and wave environment are improved.

[0026] Possessing a certain degree of intelligent regulation capability and adapting to complex marine environments: This invention integrates water level sensors, rainfall monitoring and remote control gateway equipment, which can intelligently judge the working conditions based on water level monitoring data and weather forecast information, and automatically switch the operating status; for extreme scenarios such as heavy rain, the water collection tank can be pre-emptively emptied, and then periodically drained according to the water level, so as to complete the water accumulation treatment in complex environments without manual intervention. It has a high degree of intelligence and is suitable for the complex operating environment of offshore photovoltaic farms. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a simplified schematic diagram of an installation layout scheme for a floating marine photovoltaic drainage device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of an arrangement scheme for a floating offshore photovoltaic field according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is an isometric schematic diagram of a drainage / collection tank for marine photovoltaic drainage provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of a drainage / collection tank for offshore photovoltaic drainage provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is an isometric schematic diagram of the overall structure of the top cover for a marine photovoltaic drainage / collection tank according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is an isometric schematic diagram of the bottom tank structure for a marine photovoltaic drainage / collection tank according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembly structure of the bottom tank of a marine photovoltaic drainage / collection tank according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a detailed structural disassembly diagram of the connecting flange for a marine photovoltaic drainage / collection tank according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the inflation state of a rubber airbag for a marine photovoltaic drainage / collection tank according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the retracted state of a rubber airbag for a marine photovoltaic drainage / collection tank according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 11 This is an overall schematic diagram of the diversion air chamber-air guide pipe for a marine photovoltaic drainage / collection tank structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 12 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a split section for a marine photovoltaic drainage / collection tank diversion air chamber provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of a one-way drain valve for a marine photovoltaic drainage / collection tank according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of airflow under drainage / collection tank membrane surface drainage conditions according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of airflow under the condition of drainage / collection tank body draining water outward according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] In the figure, 1 is a floating block; 11 is a photovoltaic panel; 2 is a water collection tank; 21 is a counterweight water tank; 22 is a perforated anti-rolling plate; 221 is an inner-ring low perforated anti-rolling plate; 222 is an outer-ring high perforated anti-rolling plate; 3 is a water inlet; 31 is a water inlet hose; 32 is a rubber cushion; 33 is a flange; 4 is an air pump gateway platform; 41 is an air pump; 42 is a gateway control module; 5 is a water level monitor; 51 is a water level float; 52 is a monitor data output block; 6 is a one-way rubber valve; 61 is an elastic flap; 7 is a shunt air chamber trachea assembly; 71 is a trachea; 72 is a divided air chamber; 721 is a trachea air outlet hole; 722 is a water tank air outlet hole; 723 is an eccentric chamber; 724 is an eccentric chamber air inlet hole; 725 is a trachea air inlet hole; 8 is a follower airbag; 81 is an air outlet; 82 is a spring; 83 is a rubber airbag; 84 is a lower fixed pin; 85 is an upper movable pin. Specific implementation mode

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] The following steps need to be carried out in the installation and construction stage:

[0045] 1. Splice the floating blocks and fix them to the water collection tank. As Figures 1-3 , Figure 8 , first layout the installation position of the first floating block according to the "field" pattern for the floating block 1. After it is in place, put the water collection tank 2 into the water and fill the counterweight water tank 21 with seawater to make the water collection tank reach a semi-submerged state for connection operations with the floating block. Adopt the flange 33 connection method with the rubber cushion 32 to fix the water collection tank 2 to the first floating block 1, and use the rubber cushion 32 to buffer the bolt tightening pressure, avoid damage to the membrane structure, and enhance the sealing performance at the same time. Subsequently, tow the remaining floating blocks 1 in sections to align a corner of each floating block with the corresponding position of the water collection tank 2, and complete the fixation of all floating blocks and the water collection tank through the same flange 33 connection method to form a "field" pattern floating block-water collection tank combined structure.

[0046] 2. Install the core components. As Figures 4-5 , Figure 11An air pump 41 is arranged and fixed on the reserved air pump frame. The air pump 41 is connected to the air inlet 724 and air inlet 725 in the diversion air chamber air pipe assembly 7 to ensure a reliable and sealed air pressure transmission channel. A gateway control module 42 and corresponding power supply equipment are installed to complete the construction of the air pump gateway platform 4, enabling remote control of air pump start / stop and pressure parameters. A debris rack is installed on the top of the overflow pipe corresponding to the water inlet 3 to intercept foreign objects on the membrane surface and ensure smooth drainage. The water level monitor 5 is vertically arranged inside the water collection tank 2, and the water level float 51 and the monitor data output block 52 are fixed to ensure stable water level data acquisition. Figure 6 Check the installation status of the one-way rubber valve 6 to ensure that it is reliably sealed to the structure of the water collection tank 2 through high-strength waterproof glue or resin, and that the elastic flap 61 is in a normal closed state.

[0047] 3. Assembly auxiliary structures. For example... Figures 6-7 Confirm the installation of the perforated damping plate 22. In this embodiment, one layer each of the inner ring low-perforated damping plate 221 and the outer ring high-perforated damping plate 222 are pre-installed to ensure they are firmly fixed inside the water collection tank 2, thereby reducing water sloshing. Check the sealing of the counterweight water tank 21 to ensure that its internal ballast water capacity meets the design requirements and ensures the stability of the water collection tank 2 in a floating state. Figure 9 Verify the installation position of the follow-up airbag 8, and fix it to the flow pipeline by the lower fixed pin 84 and the upper movable pin 85 to ensure that the spring 82 and the rubber airbag 83 work together normally and that the connection between the air outlet 81 and the air guide tube 71 is unobstructed.

[0048] like Figures 13-14 Under gravity-fed water collection conditions, the following steps are implemented: In the initial state, such as... Figure 10 The spring 82 in the follow-up airbag 8 is in an extended state, lifting the rubber airbag 83 to cause it to contract, keeping the inlet 3 and the corresponding flow pipe unobstructed. When rainfall or waves overrun the surface of the float 1, causing water to accumulate, the accumulated water, under the action of gravity gradient and waves, is filtered by the debris screen at the inlet 3 and flows into the water collection tank 2 through the inlet hose 31. When the accumulated water sways in the water collection tank 2, the perforated damping plate 22 (including the inner low perforated damping plate 221 and the outer high perforated damping plate 222) reduces the swaying amplitude through damping, reducing the dynamic load impact on the structure of the water collection tank 2 and the float 1. The water level monitor 5 monitors the water level in the tank in real time, and the water level float 51 moves synchronously with the water level change. The monitor data output block 52 transmits the water level data to the gateway control module 42, providing data support for the switching of operating conditions. In this state, the elastic flap 61 of the one-way rubber valve 6 remains closed due to insufficient positive water pressure, preventing seawater from flowing back into the water collection tank 2.

[0049] like Figure 9 and Figure 15 Under pressurized drainage conditions, the following steps shall be performed:

[0050] 1. Triggering Condition Judgment. When the water level monitor 5 detects that the water level in the collection tank 2 has reached the preset risk threshold, or when the gateway control module 42 receives remote control commands or weather forecast information (such as a prediction of heavy rain), the pressurized drainage mode is triggered. In the event of extreme scenarios such as heavy rain, the pressurized drainage process can be initiated in advance through the air pump gateway platform 4 to pre-emptively empty the collection tank 2, reserving space for subsequent water storage.

[0051] 2. Pressurization and Inlet Sealing. The gateway control module 42 issues a start command, the air pump 41 starts and outputs pressurized gas to the diversion air chamber air pipe assembly 7. The pressurized gas enters the air guide pipe 71 through the air inlet 725 of the diversion air chamber 72, and then enters the rubber air bladder 83 through the air outlet 81, causing the rubber air bladder 83 to expand under air pressure. The expanded rubber air bladder 83 completely seals the overflow pipe corresponding to the inlet 3, preventing water from re-entering the water collection tank 2 during drainage and ensuring stable air pressure inside the tank.

[0052] 3. Drainage Implementation Process. Pressurized gas enters the eccentric chamber 723 through the eccentric chamber inlet 724 of the segmented gas chamber 72, and then enters the water collection tank 2 through the water tank outlet 722, gradually increasing the air pressure above the water surface in the tank (target pressure is 5-10 atm). As the air pressure inside the tank increases, the water is compressed, generating positive water pressure. When the water pressure reaches the action threshold of the one-way rubber valve 6, the elastic flap 61 automatically opens, and the water accumulated in the tank is discharged outward through the one-way rubber valve 6 under positive pressure. During the drainage process, the gateway control module 42 monitors the air pressure and water level data in the water collection tank 2 in real time, and adjusts the air supply through the air pump 41 to maintain a stable positive pressure inside the tank, ensuring efficient drainage.

[0053] 4. Operating Condition Switching and Adjustment. The switching between gravity-flow water collection and pressurized drainage states is automatically controlled by the air pump gateway platform 4, with a switching time of approximately 5 minutes, requiring no manual intervention. Parameters such as water level threshold and pressurization pressure can be remotely adjusted via the gateway control module 42 to adapt to different marine environmental conditions. When the water level monitor 5 detects that the water level in the collection tank 2 has dropped to the preset minimum value, the gateway control module 42 issues a stop command, and the air pump 41 stops supplying air. The gas inside the rubber air bladder 83 is gradually discharged, the spring 82 returns to its extended state, lifting the rubber air bladder 83 to contract, restoring the inlet 3 and the flow pipeline to unblock, and the device returns to the gravity-flow water collection state. After drainage is completed, the one-way rubber valve 6 automatically closes due to the disappearance of positive water pressure, preventing seawater backflow and completing one pressurized drainage cycle.

[0054] The adjustment and maintenance phase can be implemented according to the following steps: Regularly check the operating status of the air pump 41 and the reliability of the power supply equipment; clean the foreign objects trapped in the trash racks at the inlet 3; check the sealing performance of the flange 33 connection and the rubber gasket 32, and replace aging parts in a timely manner; verify the elasticity and sealing performance of the follow-up airbag 8 to ensure that the spring 82 moves flexibly; check whether the elastic flap 61 of the one-way rubber valve 6 is worn or deformed to ensure the one-way sealing effect. Emergency handling: If drainage is not smooth, check the water level data and the working status of the air pump 41 through the gateway control module 42, and check for problems such as trash rack blockage, air leakage of the diversion air chamber air pipe assembly 7, or jamming of the one-way rubber valve 6; if extreme wind and waves cause structural displacement, adjust the ballast water volume through the counterweight water tank 21 to restore the floating stability of the water collection tank 2.

[0055] It should be further noted that the above embodiments are merely for understanding the technical solution of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any obvious adjustments and modifications made to the above technical concept and technical solution of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A box-type water collection and drainage device suitable for floating block structures in offshore photovoltaic fields, characterized in that, It includes four provided floating blocks (1) and a water collecting tank (2) connected thereto, and the water collecting tank (2) is placed in the center of the "field" - shaped structure formed by the four floating blocks (1). The water inlet (3) of each floating block (1) precisely corresponds to a corner of a floating block. It also includes an air pump gateway platform (4), and the air pump gateway platform (4) includes an air pump (41) with dual - path air supply and pressurization and a gateway control module (42) integrated with remote control, which is used to control the输送 of pressurized gas; It includes a shunt air chamber air pipe assembly (7), and the shunt air chamber air pipe assembly (7) is connected to the air pump (41) and the water collecting tank (2) and is used to输送 high - pressure gas to the water collecting tank (2) and the follow - up air bags (8) provided in the water inlet (3). It includes a plurality of one - way rubber valves (6), which are arranged along the circumference of the water collecting tank (2) and are used to drain the accumulated water in the water collecting tank (2). It includes a water level monitor (5), which is vertically arranged inside the water collecting tank (2) and detects the water level in the water collecting tank (2) through a provided water level float (51).

2. A box-type water collection and drainage device suitable for floating block structures in offshore photovoltaic fields according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shunt air chamber air pipe assembly (7) consists of a guide pipe (71) and a divided air chamber (72). The guide pipe (71) is provided with four guide pipe air holes (721) and is respectively connected to the follow - up air bags (8) arranged in the water inlet (3) of each floating block (1). The divided air chamber (72) is provided with an eccentric chamber air inlet hole (724) and a guide pipe air inlet hole (725), which are respectively connected to the dual - path air supply and pressurization ports of the air pump (41).

3. A box-type water collection and drainage device suitable for floating block structures in offshore photovoltaic fields according to claim 2, characterized in that, An eccentric chamber (723) is arranged inside the divided air chamber (72), which is an eccentric double - chamber structure composed of an eccentric chamber and an outer peripheral chamber. The eccentric chamber air inlet hole (724) and the guide pipe air inlet hole (725) are respectively arranged on the eccentric chamber (723) and the outer ring chamber. The side of the divided air chamber (72) is provided with an opening and is connected to the guide pipe (71) for precisely supplying air to the follow - up air bag (8).

4. A box-type water collection and drainage device suitable for floating block structures in offshore photovoltaic fields according to claim 1, characterized in that, The follow - up air bag (8) includes a spring (82) and a rubber air bag (83). The spring (82) is arranged inside the rubber air bag (83) and acts in coordination with the rubber air bag (83). Upper and lower fixing pins (85) and (84) are respectively arranged on the upper and lower parts of the rubber air bag (83). The air outlet (81) arranged inside the rubber air bag (83) is connected to the guide pipe (71).

5. A box-type water collection and drainage device suitable for floating block structures in offshore photovoltaic fields according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water outlet of the one - way rubber valve (6) is provided with an elastic flap (61), and the elastic flap (61) is a multi - flap conical structure for realizing one - way flow.

6. A box-type water collection and drainage device suitable for floating block structures in offshore photovoltaic fields according to claim 1, characterized in that, An overflow pipe is provided, which connects the surface of the floating block and the inside of the water collecting tank (2). The overflow pipe is fixed to the membrane structure through a flange (33) with a rubber cushion (32). A trash rack is arranged at the top of the overflow pipe for intercepting foreign objects on the membrane surface.

7. A box-type water collection and drainage device suitable for floating block structures in offshore photovoltaic fields according to claim 1, characterized in that, A perforated anti - rolling plate (22) is arranged inside the water collecting tank (2). The perforated anti - rolling plate (22) includes a double - layer structure composed of an inner - ring low perforated anti - rolling plate (221) and an outer - ring high perforated anti - rolling plate (222). The sloshing amplitude is weakened through the damping effect of the perforated anti - rolling plate (22), and the dynamic load impact on the floating block structure is reduced.

8. A box-type water collection and drainage device suitable for floating block structures in offshore photovoltaic fields according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes a closed counterweight water tank (21) to balance the attitude fluctuations caused by the changes in self - weight and buoyancy; the counterweight water tank (21) is arranged around the bottom edge of the water collecting tank (2).

9. The method for adjusting the drainage device of the floating marine photovoltaic field buoy structure according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: In the gravity-flow water collection state, the rubber airbag (83) contracts under the action of the spring (82), and the water collected on the water surface flows into the water collection tank (2) through the trash rack under the action of gravity gradient or waves. The water sloshing in the water collection tank (2) is reduced by the perforated anti-sloshing plate (22). In pressurized drainage mode, the air pump (41) is started remotely by water level regulation or gateway equipment and outputs pressurized gas. The pressurized gas is divided into two paths through the split air chamber (72): one path enters the water collection tank (2) and increases the air pressure above the water surface in the water collection tank (2), thereby squeezing the water. When the water pressure reaches the action threshold of the flap-shaped one-way rubber valve (6), the water stored in the water collection tank (2) is discharged through multiple one-way rubber valves (6); the other path of gas enters the water inlet air pipe (71) through the split air chamber (72). Under the action of air pressure, the rubber air bag (83) inflates. The inflated air bag completely blocks the water inlet pipes of the four water inlets (3) to prevent water from entering the water collection tank (2) again through the pipes, and ensures that the air pressure in the water collection tank (2) rises steadily to squeeze the water.

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