Circulating fermentation organic fertilizer based on sheep manure and potato processing solid waste and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a circulating fermentation organic fertilizer based on sheep manure and potato processing solid waste and a preparation method thereof, belongs to the field of organic fertilizers, and solves the problems of incomplete digestion of the potato processing solid waste, single fermentation process, poor raw material adaptability, high cost and the like. The method comprises the following steps: mixing dry sheep manure with potato processing solid waste, adding a liquid bio-organic fertilizer leavening agent, and naturally heating for fermentation; after the primary fermentation is completed, adding potato processing solid waste into the fermentation material to complete secondary fermentation; repeatedly adding the potato processing solid waste, and carrying out multiple rounds of cyclic fermentation according to the method; and crushing and screening to remove impurities to obtain an organic fertilizer finished product. According to the invention, the traditional single fermentation or two-stage fermentation mode is broken through, the gradient circulation fermentation process is adopted, the natural reduction of the water content of the material after each round of fermentation is taken as a core support, and the high-water-content potato peel residues or potato residues are gradually added, so that the problems of incomplete solid waste absorption and high energy consumption in the existing fermentation technology are solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the field of organic fertilizer, and particularly relates to a cyclic fermentation organic fertilizer based on sheep manure and potato processing solid waste and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0003] At present, potato processing solid waste is mainly treated by landfill and stacking. The high water content characteristics of the solid waste lead to easy decay and metamorphism, generation of leachate to pollute soil and water, and release of foul-smelling gas to cause serious environmental pollution. Meanwhile, a large amount of dry sheep manure is accumulated in the breeding farms in the northern pastoral areas of China. The dry sheep manure has low water content and balanced nutrient composition, and the market price is only 200 yuan / ton. However, the dry sheep manure cannot be fully utilized due to limited resource utilization channels.

[0004] There are attempts to prepare organic fertilizer by using livestock and poultry manure and potato solid waste. However, the single fermentation combined with aging process needs to add additional humic acid, rare earth and other components, the raw material cost is high, and the adaptability to high water content potato residue and peel residue is poor, and the solid waste consumption is limited. Another technology uses straw and livestock and poultry manure fermentation or potato solid waste to produce pullulan, but the former has a long fermentation period and low fertilizer conversion efficiency, and the latter focuses on high value-added polysaccharide production, which cannot realize large-scale resource consumption of potato solid waste, and the equipment investment is large and not suitable for small and medium-sized production.

[0005] In view of the problems of incomplete potato processing solid waste consumption, single fermentation process, poor raw material adaptability, high cost and the like in the prior art, it is urgent to develop an innovative process which can efficiently and cooperatively utilize dry sheep manure and potato processing solid waste, realize large-scale consumption of solid waste and efficient preparation of organic fertilizer. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a preparation method of a cyclic fermentation organic fertilizer based on sheep manure and potato processing solid waste, so as to solve the problems of incomplete potato processing solid waste consumption, single fermentation process, poor raw material adaptability, high cost and the like.

[0007] Another purpose of the present application is to provide a cyclic fermentation organic fertilizer based on sheep manure and potato processing solid waste.

[0008] The technical scheme of the present application is as follows: (I) A preparation method of a cyclic fermentation organic fertilizer based on sheep manure and potato processing solid waste, comprising the following steps: A, raw material pretreatment: selecting dry sheep manure and potato processing solid waste, the potato processing solid waste including potato residue (produced by starch processing) or / and peel residue (produced by potato chip, potato chip and whole powder processing); the dry sheep manure is crushed to a particle size of 2-5 cm, preferably 3 cm, and is used after removing impurities; B, the first fermentation: in the environment temperature ≥ 10℃ and good ventilation plastic greenhouse, dry sheep manure and potato processing solid waste are mixed, stirred uniformly, the moisture content of the material is adjusted to 48~52%, the mixture is obtained; liquid bio-organic fertilizer inoculum is added to the mixture, the effective viable count of liquid bio-organic fertilizer inoculum is >200 billion / mL; after mixing uniformly, the fermentation pile is formed, the natural temperature is raised, the temperature is maintained at 50~70℃ during the fermentation process, and the pile is turned over every 2~3 days to ensure sufficient aerobic fermentation, and the moisture content of the material is reduced to 35~40% after the fermentation is completed; C, the cycle fermentation: after the first fermentation is completed, potato processing solid waste is added to the fermented material, mixed, and the moisture content is adjusted to 45~50%, and the fermentation is continued, the temperature is maintained at 50~70℃ during the fermentation process, and the pile is turned over every 2~3 days to complete the second fermentation; the potato processing solid waste (the peel residue and the potato residue can be alternately added) is repeatedly added, and the method is carried out for multiple cycles, and the cumulative fermentation is 6~7 times, the total fermentation period is 120~140 days, the final fermentation pile temperature is stabilized at 22~28℃ and no longer rises, and the fermentation is stopped; D, product treatment: the fermented material is naturally cooled to room temperature, crushed, and impurities are removed by screening, and the organic fertilizer product is obtained after packaging and storage after detection.

[0009] As a further improvement of the application, in step A, the moisture content of dry sheep manure is ≤15%, and the dry base organic matter content is 20%-30%.

[0010] As a further improvement of the application, in step A, the moisture content of the potato residue is controlled at 88~92%, and the moisture content of the peel residue is controlled at 78~82%.

[0011] As a further improvement of the application, in step B, the mass ratio of dry sheep manure to potato processing solid waste is 1:1.

[0012] As a further improvement of the application, in step B, the amount of liquid bio-organic fertilizer inoculum added is: 1 liter of liquid bio-organic fertilizer inoculum is added for every 5 tons of mixed material.

[0013] As a further improvement of the application, in step B, the liquid bio-organic fertilizer inoculum comprises Aspergillus oryzae, yeast, Bacillus, Trichoderma, Aspergillus niger, and ligninase, cellulase, protease, and saccharifying enzyme.

[0014] As a further improvement of the application, in step B, the fermentation pile is 1.2~1.5m high and 2~3m wide.

[0015] As a further improvement of the application, in step C, the mass of potato processing solid waste added each time is 30% of the total mass of the previous fermentation raw material.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present application, in step D, the crushing is to a particle size of ≤0.5 cm.

[0017] During the fermentation process, if the moisture content of the material is less than 45%, spray clean water to adjust; if the temperature exceeds 70℃, increase the frequency of turning to once a day to avoid high temperature inhibition of microbial growth.

[0018] Preferably, the production is carried out in the northern potato producing areas from mid-March to late July every year. (II) A kind of based on sheep manure and potato processing solid waste's cyclic fermentation organic fertilizer is prepared by the above-mentioned based on sheep manure and potato processing solid waste's cyclic fermentation organic fertilizer preparation method, its effective viable count is ≥2.0 100 million / g, total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is ≥5.0%, water content is ≤20%, and there is no harmful bacteria, worm egg and weed seed residue.

[0020] The organic fertilizer is suitable for potato, corn, facility vegetable planting in the arid and semiarid regions of the north, can improve soil organic matter content and microbial activity, and reduce the occurrence rate of crop diseases and insect pests.

[0021] The present application optimizes the multi-cycle fermentation process, fully utilizes the advantages of dry sheep manure in water regulation and nutrient balance, and realizes the maximum consumption of solid waste by mixing with potato peel residue / slag, while preparing a biological organic fertilizer with high organic matter content, stable fertilizer efficiency and complete decomposition, reducing production cost and improving economic and environmental benefits. Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages: 1. Process innovation improvement: break through the traditional single fermentation or two-stage fermentation mode, adopt 6~7 gradient cycle fermentation process, take the natural reduction of moisture content of the material after each cycle as the core support, gradually add potato peel residue or slag with high moisture content, without steam explosion, dehydration equipment and other pretreatment processes, solve the problem of incomplete solid waste consumption and high energy consumption of existing fermentation technology, the solid waste consumption rate is improved by more than 40% compared with the prior art, and it is different from the compost repair regeneration technology, without adding auxiliary substrates such as grass carbon and perlite.

[0022] 2. Synergistic effect of raw materials: precise matching of the characteristics of dry sheep manure with low moisture content and suitable carbon-nitrogen ratio (20:1~30:1) and the high nutrient potential of potato peel residue / slag, without adding cost-type ingredients such as humic acid and rare earth, only through the synergistic effect of two kinds of agricultural waste and the synergistic effect of microbial-enzyme, the technical difficulties of direct fermentation of high-moisture slag and peel residue are solved, the raw material cost is reduced by 30~40% compared with the prior art, and it is different from the straw-feces fermentation technology, without additional nitrogen or carbon source.

[0023] 3. Production efficiency is improved: the synergistic effect of microorganisms and enzymes in the composite starter culture, combined with the continuous high organic nutrient supply and aerobic environment regulation in the cyclic fermentation process, shortens the fermentation cycle by 20-30 days compared with the traditional process, and the high temperature stage (50-70 ℃) lasts for a long time, which can completely kill harmful substances such as bacteria, insect eggs, weed seeds and the like in the raw materials, and the humification degree is better than that of the existing similar products, while the organic matter is maximized to avoid excessive consumption.

[0024] 4. The product has excellent effect: the organic fertilizer is more suitable for the soil improvement demand in the dry and semi-dry areas in the north, can specifically improve the yield and quality of potatoes, corns and facility vegetables, solves the problems of strong universality, poor regional adaptability and low organic matter content of the existing organic fertilizer, and the product has no secondary pollution risk, which meets the demand of reducing pollution and carbon. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The application will be further described in detail in combination with specific embodiments.

[0026] In the following examples, dry sheep manure is purchased from a breeding farm in the northern pastoral area; the effective viable bacteria number of the liquid bio-organic fertilizer starter is 20-25 billion / mL, which contains Aspergillus oryzae, yeast, Bacillus, Trichoderma, Aspergillus niger and ligninase, cellulase and protease.

[0027] Example 1, A potato whole powder processing enterprise in Dingxi, Gansu, built a 500m² plastic greenhouse, started to produce organic fertilizer on March 15, and the environmental temperature was stabilized at 10-18℃.

[0028] A preparation method of a cyclic fermentation organic fertilizer based on sheep manure and potato processing solid waste, comprising the following steps: A, raw material pretreatment: dry sheep manure and potato peel residue are selected; the dry sheep manure is crushed to a particle size of 3cm, and after removing impurities, it is ready for use. The detection results of the dry sheep manure are shown in Table 1; the detection results of the potato peel residue are shown in Table 2.

[0029] B, first fermentation: in a well-ventilated plastic greenhouse, 20 tons of dry sheep manure and 20 tons of peel residue are mixed, stirred for 15 minutes by a throwing machine to ensure uniform mixing of the materials and the starter, the moisture content of the materials is adjusted to 50%, and a mixture is obtained; 8 liters of liquid bio-organic fertilizer starter is added to the mixture, and after mixing evenly, a fermentation pile with a height of 1.5m and a width of 2m is formed, and natural temperature rise fermentation is carried out for 20 days, the temperature during the fermentation process is maintained at 50-70℃, and the pile is turned over every 2-3 days.

[0030] C. Circulating fermentation: After the first fermentation is completed, the temperature of the material is raised to 65°C, and the moisture content is reduced to 38%. Add 30% of the total mass of the previous fermentation raw material to the fermentation material, mix it evenly through the throwing machine, adjust the moisture content to 45%, and perform the second fermentation for 20 days. The temperature is maintained at 50-70°C during the fermentation process, and it is turned over every 2-3 days. Subsequently, add 30% of the previous fermentation raw material to the material every 20 days for multiple rounds of circulating fermentation. The cumulative fermentation is 7 times, and the total fermentation period is 138 days. The final fermentation pile temperature stabilizes at 22-28°C and does not rise again, and the fermentation is stopped.

[0031] D. Product processing: The fermented material is naturally cooled to room temperature, crushed to a particle size of ≤0.5 cm, screened to remove impurities, and tested for organic matter content, effective viable bacterial count, moisture content, and other indicators. After passing the quality inspection, the product is packaged and stored in the warehouse. Finally, 102 tons of finished organic fertilizer are obtained. The test results of the finished organic fertilizer are shown in Table 3.

[0032] The organic fertilizer is used for potato cultivation on 100 mu, and 200 kg of fertilizer is applied per mu. Compared with the application of ordinary organic fertilizer, the yield per mu of potatoes increases by 12%, the incidence of diseases and pests decreases by 18%, and the soil organic matter content increases by 0.3 percentage points compared with before planting.

[0033] Example 2, A breeding farm in a certain pastoral area of Shangdu County, Wulanchabu City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region cooperates with surrounding potato starch factories to produce organic fertilizer.

[0034] A method for preparing a circulating fermentation organic fertilizer based on sheep manure and potato processing solid waste, comprising the following steps: A. Raw material pretreatment: Select dry sheep manure and potato residue; crush the dry sheep manure to a particle size of 5 cm, remove impurities, and reserve for use. The test results of the dry sheep manure are shown in Table 4; the test results of the potato residue are shown in Table 5.

[0035] B. First fermentation: In a well-ventilated plastic greenhouse, mix 30 tons of dry sheep manure with 30 tons of potato residue, stir for 15 minutes with a throwing machine to ensure uniform mixing of the material and fermentation agent, adjust the moisture content of the material to 52%, and obtain a mixture; add 12 liters of liquid bio-organic fertilizer to the mixture, mix evenly, and pile up into a fermentation pile with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 3 m. After natural temperature rise and fermentation for 20 days, the temperature is maintained at 50-70°C during the fermentation process, and it is turned over every 2 days. The highest temperature during the fermentation process reaches 68°C.

[0036] C. Circulating fermentation: After the first fermentation is completed, the moisture content is reduced to 39%. Add 30% of the total mass of the previous fermentation raw material to the fermentation material, mix it evenly through the throwing machine, adjust the moisture content to 50%, and perform the second fermentation for 20 days. The temperature is maintained at 50-70°C during the fermentation process, and it is turned over every 2 days; follow-up every 20 days Add 30% of the previous fermentation raw material to the skin residue, and perform multiple rounds of circulating fermentation, a total of 6 times of fermentation, a total fermentation period of 126 days, and the final fermentation pile temperature is stabilized at 22-28°C and no longer increases, and the fermentation is stopped.

[0037] D. Product processing: The fermented material is naturally cooled to room temperature, crushed to a particle size of ≤0.5 cm, screened to remove impurities, and tested for organic matter content, effective viable count, moisture content, and other indicators. After passing the test, it is packaged and stored in the warehouse. Finally, 145 tons of finished organic fertilizer are obtained. A total of 30 tons of dry sheep manure, 85 tons of potato residue, and 68 tons of skin residue are consumed, and the total solid waste consumption is 183 tons. The test results of the finished organic fertilizer are shown in Table 6.

[0038] The organic fertilizer is used for 200 mu of corn planting, and 150 kg of fertilizer is applied per mu. The yield of corn per mu reaches 850 kg, which is 8.9% higher than that of applying chemical fertilizer (yield per mu 780 kg), and the protein content of corn kernels is increased by 1.2 percentage points, the soil bulk density is reduced by 0.15 g / cm³, and the soil permeability is significantly improved. The raw material cost of the project is only 180 yuan per ton of organic fertilizer, and the market price is 450 yuan / ton, achieving good economic and environmental benefits.

[0039] Example 3, A certain facility vegetable base in Xiji County, Guyuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region produces organic fertilizer.

[0040] A method for preparing a circulating fermentation organic fertilizer based on sheep manure and potato processing solid waste, comprising the following steps: A. Raw material pretreatment: Select dry sheep manure and potato skin residue; crush the dry sheep manure to a particle size of 2 cm, remove impurities, and reserve for use. The test results of dry sheep manure are shown in Table 7; the test results of potato skin residue are shown in Table 8.

[0041] B. First fermentation: In a well-ventilated plastic greenhouse, mix 15 tons of dry sheep manure with 15 tons of animal hide residue. Stir for 15 minutes using a turner to ensure the materials and fermentation agent are evenly mixed. Adjust the moisture content of the materials to 49% to obtain a mixture. Add 6 liters of liquid biological organic fertilizer fermentation agent to the mixture, mix evenly, and pile it into a fermentation pile 1.2m high and 2.6m wide. Allow it to ferment naturally for 20 days, maintaining the temperature between 50 and 70℃ during the fermentation process. Turn the mixture with a turner every 3 days.

[0042] C. Cyclic Fermentation: After the first fermentation is completed, the moisture content drops to 35%. Add 30% of the total mass of the previous fermentation material (residue) to the fermentation material, mix it with a turner, adjust the moisture content to 46%, and carry out the second fermentation for 20 days. During the fermentation process, the temperature is maintained at 55~62℃, and the material is turned over every 3 days. Subsequently, add 30% of the previous fermentation material (residue) every 20 days to carry out multiple rounds of cyclic fermentation, for a total of 7 fermentations, with a total fermentation cycle of 132 days. Finally, the temperature of the fermentation pile stabilizes at 22~28℃ and no longer rises, at which point fermentation is stopped.

[0043] D. Finished Product Processing: The fermented material was naturally cooled to room temperature, crushed to a particle size ≤0.5 cm, sieved to remove impurities, and tested for indicators such as organic matter content, effective viable bacteria count, and moisture content. After passing the tests, the product was packaged and stored, ultimately yielding 82 tons of wet-based organic fertilizer. The test results of the finished organic fertilizer are shown in Table 9.

[0044] This organic fertilizer was used in 50 mu (approximately 3.3 hectares) of tomato greenhouses, with an application rate of 250 kg per mu. This resulted in a 15% increase in tomato fruit setting rate, an 8% increase in single fruit weight, a 10% reduction in deformed fruit rate, a 1.5 percentage point increase in soluble solids content, and a 2-day extension of shelf life. Post-planting testing showed that the number of viable bacteria in the greenhouse soil was twice that before planting, and soil compaction was significantly improved.

[0045] In Examples 1-3, representative samples were selected for raw material testing before fermentation, and the "three-point sampling method" was used to ensure the representativeness of the test data. For finished product testing, samples were selected after fermentation and mixed evenly, and the average value was taken from three parallel tests. Heavy metal testing covered indicators such as cadmium, mercury, and chromium, all of which met the limits of NY 525-2021 standards. Only lead was listed as a representative indicator in the table above. Effective viable bacteria count testing targeted the core functional strains of the fermentation agent (Bacillus and Aspergillus oryzae) to ensure fertilizer efficiency stability.

[0046] The application can accommodate potato processing solid waste and dry sheep manure on a large scale, avoid environmental pollution caused by solid waste landfill and stacking, accommodate 120-130 tons of potato solid waste and 25-30 tons of dry sheep manure per 100 tons of organic fertilizer produced, significantly reduce agricultural non-point source pollution, and have no harmful gas emission exceeding the standard in the fermentation process, meet the requirements of pollution reduction and carbon reduction, and have good environmental benefits.

[0047] The raw material cost of the application is low, the dry sheep manure and potato solid waste are both agricultural wastes, the cost is low, and no complex equipment and auxiliary raw materials are needed, the production process is simple, and the profit of per ton of organic fertilizer can reach 200-300 yuan; the finished organic fertilizer has excellent fertilizer efficiency, can improve crop yield and quality, and creates additional income for farmers, and has good economic benefits.

[0048] The biological organic fertilizer prepared by the application can effectively improve soil structure, improve soil organic matter content and microbial activity, reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers, reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests, realize the virtuous cycle of agricultural production, and is especially suitable for soil improvement and crop planting in arid and semi-arid areas in the north, and has good agricultural benefits.

Claims

1. A method for preparing recycled fermented organic fertilizer based on sheep manure and potato processing solid waste, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: A. Raw material pretreatment: Select dried sheep manure and potato processing solid waste, which includes potato residue and / or peel residue; crush the dried sheep manure to a particle size of 2-5cm, remove impurities, and set aside for use. B. First Fermentation: Mix dry sheep manure with potato processing solid waste, stir evenly, and adjust the moisture content of the material to 48-52% to obtain a mixture; add liquid bio-organic fertilizer fermentation agent to the mixture, the effective live bacteria count of the liquid bio-organic fertilizer fermentation agent is >20 billion / mL; after mixing evenly, pile it into a fermentation pile, and allow it to ferment naturally at a temperature of 50-70℃. Turn the pile over every 2-3 days to ensure sufficient aerobic fermentation. After fermentation, the moisture content of the material should be reduced to 35-40%. C. Cyclic Fermentation: After the first fermentation is completed, potato processing solid waste is added to the fermentation material, mixed well, and the moisture content is adjusted to 45-50%. Fermentation continues, and the temperature is maintained at 50-70℃ during the fermentation process. The material is turned over every 2-3 days to complete the second fermentation. Potato processing solid waste is added repeatedly, and multiple rounds of cyclic fermentation are carried out in this way. A total of 6-7 fermentations are carried out, with a total fermentation cycle of 120-140 days. Finally, the temperature of the fermentation pile stabilizes at 22-28℃ and no longer rises, at which point fermentation is stopped. D. Finished product processing: After the fermentation is completed, the material is naturally cooled to room temperature, crushed, sieved to remove impurities, and packaged and stored after passing the inspection to obtain the finished organic fertilizer.

2. The method for preparing recycled fermented organic fertilizer based on sheep manure and potato processing solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step A, the moisture content of the dried sheep manure is ≤15%, and the dry basis organic matter content is 20%-30%.

3. The method for preparing recycled fermented organic fertilizer based on sheep manure and potato processing solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step A, the moisture content of potato residue is controlled at 88-92%, and the moisture content of peel residue is controlled at 78-82%.

4. The method for preparing recycled fermented organic fertilizer based on sheep manure and potato processing solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step B, the mass ratio of dried sheep manure to potato processing solid waste is 1:

1.

5. The method for preparing recycled fermented organic fertilizer based on sheep manure and potato processing solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step B, the amount of liquid bio-organic fertilizer fermentation agent added is: 1 liter of liquid bio-organic fertilizer fermentation agent for every 5 tons of mixed materials.

6. The method for preparing recycled fermented organic fertilizer based on sheep manure and potato processing solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step B, the liquid bio-organic fertilizer fermentation agent contains Aspergillus oryzae, yeast, Bacillus, Trichoderma, Aspergillus niger, as well as ligninase, cellulase, protease, and saccharifying enzyme.

7. The method for preparing recycled fermented organic fertilizer based on sheep manure and potato processing solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step B, the fermentation pile is 1.2-1.5m high and 2-3m wide.

8. The method for preparing recycled fermented organic fertilizer based on sheep manure and potato processing solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step C, the mass of potato processing solid waste added each time is 30% of the total mass of the raw materials from the previous fermentation.

9. The method for preparing recycled fermented organic fertilizer based on sheep manure and potato processing solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step D, the particles are crushed to a particle size ≤ 0.5 cm.

10. A circular fermented organic fertilizer based on sheep manure and potato processing solid waste, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer prepared by the method of recycling fermentation based on sheep manure and potato processing solid waste according to any one of claims 1-9 has an effective live bacteria count ≥200 million / g, a total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content ≥5.0%, and a moisture content ≤20%.

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