Ecological earth dam and construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of earth dam buildings, and discloses an ecological earth dam which comprises a dam body, an anti-seepage body and root system developed plants. The anti-seepage body comprises a first core wall body, a second core wall body and a steel pipe fitting, the first core wall body is arranged at the bottom of the dam body, one end of the second core wall body is connected with the first core wall body, the other end of the second core wall body extends in the vertical direction and is flush with the top of the dam body, the steel pipe fitting is arranged in the vertical direction, and one end of the steel pipe fitting is inserted into the first core wall body; a cavity is formed in the steel pipe fitting, an extension pipe extending in the width direction of the dam body is arranged on the outer wall of the steel pipe fitting, one end of the extension pipe is communicated with the cavity, the other end of the extension pipe penetrates through the second core wall body to extend towards the upstream slope surface of the dam body, and a water permeable hole is formed in the extension pipe; the root system developed plant comprises an overground part and an underground part, the overground part is planted on the upstream slope surface of the dam body, the underground part extends towards the direction of the water permeable holes, and the dam body is effectively reinforced through the cooperation of the anti-seepage body and the root system developed plant.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of earth dam construction, in particular to an ecological earth dam and a construction method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Earth dams are a traditional type of water engineering structure, mainly used for retaining water flow to meet various water needs such as irrigation, flood control, water supply, and power generation. They are built using natural soil materials, effectively forming reservoirs or lakes, regulating river flow, and storing water resources. In some cases, they also serve as part of the landscape or leisure facilities, contributing to the ecological environment and economic development of the surrounding community.

[0003] Currently, the anti-scouring measures for traditional earth dam construction usually involve adding hard materials to the outside of the dam for reinforcement, including the use of concrete, gabions, steel mesh, or laying plastic membranes. While these methods can enhance the stability of the structure to some extent, they have the following problems: high material cost, high transportation and construction cost; the hard materials destroy the habitat function of the natural river and lake shoreline, and the hard structure is prone to damage under the long-term action of natural forces such as rainwater scouring, with high maintenance difficulty and cost; and the earth dam reinforced with hard materials only focuses on the protection of the dam surface, ignoring the overall safety and impermeability of the dam, and cannot combine with the ecological environment of the dam periphery to improve the stability and service life of the dam. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide an ecological earth dam and a construction method, effectively solving the problems of high material cost, high maintenance difficulty, and poor overall stability of the dam when traditional earth dams are reinforced with hard materials.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides an ecological earth dam, which comprises a dam body, an anti-seepage body, and a plant with developed root system; the anti-seepage body comprises a first core wall body, a second core wall body, and a steel pipe; the first core wall body is arranged at the bottom of the dam body; one end of the second core wall body is connected to the first core wall body, and the other end extends along the vertical direction and is flush with the top of the dam body; the steel pipe is arranged vertically, with one end inserted into the first core wall body and the other end passing through the second core wall body; the inside of the steel pipe is provided with a cavity, and the outer wall of the steel pipe is provided with an extension pipe extending along the width direction of the dam body; one end of the extension pipe is in communication with the cavity, and the other end extends through the second core wall body towards the water-facing slope of the dam body and is provided with a water-permeable hole; the plant with developed root system comprises an aboveground part and an underground part; the aboveground part is planted on the water-facing slope of the dam body, and the underground part extends towards the water-permeable hole.

[0006] In one embodiment, the number of steel pipes is multiple, and the multiple steel pipes are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the dam body.

[0007] In one embodiment, the number of extension pipes is multiple, and the multiple extension pipes are arranged in a vertical direction.

[0008] In one embodiment, the impermeable body further comprises a water supplement mechanism arranged in the cavity, the water supplement mechanism comprising a water supplement pipe and at least one piston member, the water supplement pipe being inserted into the cavity, the adjacent two piston members being fixed to the outer periphery of the water supplement pipe in a vertical direction and abutting against the inner wall of the cavity, the adjacent two piston members and the inner wall of the cavity forming a water supplement area, the pipe wall of the water supplement pipe being provided with a water supplement hole for injecting water into the water supplement area, and the water supplement pipe moving in the vertical direction to drive the water supplement area away from or close to the extension pipe.

[0009] In one embodiment, the steel pipe further comprises a geotextile wrapped around the outer periphery of the water permeable hole.

[0010] In one embodiment, the cavity is provided with a liquid inlet at the end away from the first core wall body, and the liquid inlet is used for injecting clean water or filling material into the cavity by the construction personnel.

[0011] On the other hand, the application also provides a construction method for building the ecological earth dam. Step S1, performing dam foundation treatment, pouring concrete in the dam foundation to form a first core wall body; Step S2, prefabricating a steel pipe, installing an extension pipe on the outer wall of the steel pipe, and opening a water permeable hole on the outer wall of the extension pipe, and before the first core wall body solidifies, vertically embedding the steel pipe in the first core wall body and fixing the steel pipe; Step S3, filling soil in layers to form a dam body, and vertically pouring concrete in segments to form a second core wall body, so that the second core wall body is raised synchronously with the dam body; Step S4, planting a root system developed plant on the dam body water-facing slope, and guiding the root system of the root system developed plant to grow towards the water permeable hole by injecting water into the embedded steel pipe; Step S5, after the root system of the root system developed plant grows to the water permeable hole, injecting filling material into the steel pipe.

[0012] In one embodiment, a geotextile is arranged on the outer periphery of the water permeable hole to wrap the water permeable hole.

[0013] In one embodiment, in step S3, the second core wall body is poured with concrete in segments, and the pouring height of each segment of concrete is 0.5-1m.

[0014] In one embodiment, in step S4, the root system developed plant is a deep root system developed plant.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the ecological earth dam and the construction method of the embodiment of the application have the following advantages: 1) By combining the anti-seepage body with the root system developed plant, a rigid anti-seepage body plus flexible biological tendon composite reinforcement system is formed, the plant root system of the underground part is guided by the water permeable hole on the outer wall of the steel pipe, and is actively extended to one side of the second core wall, forming a network reinforcement structure, which not only significantly improves the stability of the dam body, but also reduces the economic cost through the characteristics of the root system developed plant, and promotes the ecological restoration of the slope, realizes the unity of engineering safety and ecological health; 2) By fully utilizing the root system developed plant, the dependence on hard materials during dam reinforcement is reduced, and the main reinforcement material can be naturally grown and maintained, and the later maintenance cost is low. This method reduces the energy consumption and environmental pollution caused by mining and transporting hard materials, and the ecological type dam created improves biodiversity and brings positive ecological environmental benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is the cross-sectional view of the irrigation clear water of the ecological type dam of the embodiment of the present application.

[0017] Figure 2 is the cross-sectional view of the ecological type dam of the embodiment of the present application.

[0018] Figure 3 is the top view of the ecological type dam of the embodiment of the present application.

[0019] Figure 4 is the schematic view of the water replenishing mechanism in the ecological type dam of the embodiment of the present application.

[0020] Figure 5 is the construction schematic view of step S1 in the construction method of the ecological type dam of the embodiment of the present application.

[0021] Figure 6 is the construction schematic view of step S2 in the construction method of the ecological type dam of the embodiment of the present application.

[0022] Figure 7 is the construction schematic view of step S3 in the construction method of the ecological type dam of the embodiment of the present application.

[0023] Figure 8 is the construction schematic view of step S4 in the construction method of the ecological type dam of the embodiment of the present application.

[0024] Figure 9 is the construction schematic view of step S5 in the construction method of the ecological type dam of the embodiment of the present application.

[0025] In the figure, 1, dam body; 2, impermeable body; 21, first core wall body; 22, second core wall body; 23, steel pipe; 231, extension pipe; 232, water permeable hole; 233, liquid inlet; 24, water supplement mechanism; 241, water supplement pipe; 242, piston; 243, water supplement hole; 3, plant with developed root system; 31, aboveground part; 32, underground part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The specific embodiments of the present application will be further described in conjunction with the drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present application, but are not used to limit the scope of the present application.

[0027] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element. The terms "mount", "connect", "connection" should be interpreted broadly, for example, can be fixed connection, can also be detachable connection, or integrally connected; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0028] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "height", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like in the present application are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0029] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "first", "second" in the present application are only used for description purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

[0030] As Figures 1 to 9As shown, the embodiment of the present application preferably provides an ecological earth dam, which comprises a dam body 1, an anti-seepage body 2 and a plant with developed root system 3; the anti-seepage body 2 comprises a first core wall 21, a second core wall 22 and a steel pipe 23, the first core wall 21 is arranged at the bottom of the dam body 1, one end of the second core wall 22 is connected with the first core wall 21, the other end extends along the vertical direction and is flush with the position of the top of the dam body 1, the steel pipe 23 is arranged along the vertical direction, one end of the steel pipe 23 is inserted into the first core wall 21, the other end penetrates through the second core wall 22, the inside of the steel pipe 23 is provided with a cavity, the outer wall of the steel pipe 23 is provided with an extension pipe 231 extending along the width direction of the dam body 1, one end of the extension pipe 231 is communicated with the cavity, the other end penetrates through the second core wall 22 and extends to the water-facing slope surface of the dam body, and a water-permeable hole 232 is arranged on the other end; the plant with developed root system 3 comprises an aboveground part 31 and an underground part 32, the aboveground part 31 is planted on the water-facing slope surface of the dam body 1, and the underground part 32 extends towards the direction of the water-permeable hole 232.

[0031] Further, the anti-seepage body 2 is arranged on the side of the central axis of the dam body 1 close to the water-facing slope.

[0032] Based on the above technical features, the embodiment of the present application combines the anti-seepage body 2 with the plant with developed root system 3 to form a composite reinforcement system of rigid anti-seepage body 2 plus flexible biological reinforcement, the plant roots of the underground part 32 are guided by the water-permeable holes 232 on the outer wall of the steel pipe 23 to actively extend to one side of the second core wall 22 to form a longitudinal and transverse interlaced net-shaped reinforcement structure, which not only significantly improves the stability of the dam body 1, but also reduces the economic cost through the vegetation restoration characteristics of the plant with developed root system 3, and promotes the ecological restoration of the slope to realize the unity of engineering safety and ecological health; through the full use of the plant with developed root system 3, the dependence on hard materials during the reinforcement of the dam body 1 is reduced, and the main reinforcement material can be naturally grown and maintained, and the later maintenance cost is low. The method reduces the energy consumption and environmental pollution caused by the mining and transportation of hard materials, and at the same time, the ecological earth dam created improves the biodiversity and brings positive ecological environmental benefits.

[0033] As some embodiments of the present application, as shown in the drawings, Figures 2 to 3 The number of steel pipes 23 is multiple, and the multiple steel pipes 23 are arranged along the length direction of the dam body 1. A single steel pipe 23 and the roots guided thereby can only reinforce the soil within a limited range around the single steel pipe 23, and the range of action is relatively local. By arranging multiple steel pipes 23 along the horizontal direction, the multiple steel pipes 23 form a three-dimensional reinforcement layer between the second core wall 22 of the earth dam and the roots of the underground part 32. This extends the local reinforcement effect to the entire dam body 1, greatly improving the ability of the dam body 1 to resist overall shear slip and deformation.

[0034] As some embodiments of the present application, as shown in the drawings, Figures 1 to 3As shown, the number of extension pipes 231 is multiple, and the multiple extension pipes 231 are arranged in the vertical direction. Through the arrangement of the multiple extension pipes 231 in the vertical direction, a layered water supply system is formed at the end of the steel pipe 23 close to the root system developed plant 3. Such an arrangement can adapt to the vertical distribution characteristics of different plant root systems and achieve precise water transport in the vertical section of the soil.

[0035] As some embodiments of the present application, as Figure 4 As shown, the impermeable body 2 further comprises a water replenishing mechanism 24 arranged in the cavity. The water replenishing mechanism 24 comprises a water replenishing pipe 241 and at least one piston 242. The water replenishing pipe 241 is arranged in the cavity. The adjacent two pistons 242 are fixed to the outer periphery of the water replenishing pipe 241 in the vertical direction and abut against the inner wall of the cavity. The adjacent two pistons 242 and the inner wall of the cavity form a water replenishing area. The pipe wall of the water replenishing pipe 241 is provided with a water replenishing hole 243 for injecting water into the water replenishing area. The water replenishing pipe 241 moves in the vertical direction, driving the water replenishing area away from or close to the extension pipe 231. Through the movement of the water replenishing pipe 241 in the vertical direction, the closed water replenishing area formed by the adjacent pistons 242 is driven to be close to or away from the target extension pipe 231. This design enables clear water to be accurately injected into the extension pipe 231 at a specific area or depth through the water replenishing hole 243 on the wall of the water replenishing pipe 241, rather than to the independent extension pipe 231, which realizes on-demand water supply and completely avoids the ineffective transport and waste of water resources. Especially in arid or water-scarce areas, the water-saving effect is particularly prominent. The water replenishing mechanism 24 allows the operator to flexibly select the water supply depth by adjusting the position of the water replenishing pipe 241, ensuring that water is always supplied to the most active area of the root system, greatly promoting the healthy growth of the plant root system, and improving the reinforcement effect of the root system developed plant on the dam body.

[0036] As some embodiments of the present application, as Figure 1 As shown, the steel pipe 23 further comprises a geotextile wrapped around the outer periphery of the water permeable hole 232. Through the design of wrapping the water permeable hole 232 with the geotextile, a stable plant root system guiding system is formed, which avoids the blockage of the water permeable hole 232 during operation and provides a fundamental guarantee for the subsequent success of root system guiding.

[0037] As some embodiments of the present application, as Figure 1As shown, the cavity is provided with a liquid inlet 233 at one end away from the first core wall 21, which is used for the construction personnel to inject clean water or filling material into the cavity. The design of accommodating clean water or filling material in the cavity serves as a storage and delivery cabin of irrigation water during the root guidance stage, continuously and uniformly supplies water to the surrounding soil through the water-permeable hole 232, accurately and efficiently guides the root system of the underground part 32 of the plant to reinforce the soil near the first core wall 21, and lays a solid foundation for ecological reinforcement. After the reinforcement operation is formed, the irrigation water is replaced by the filling material for filling, and after the filling material hardens, the steel pipe 23 is coagulated with the original first core wall 21 and the original second core wall 22 to form the anti-seepage body 2, which permanently seals the potential seepage channel and enhances the overall stability and anti-seepage performance of the dam body 1.

[0038] On the other hand, the present application also provides a construction method, as shown in Figures 5 to 9 for building the above-mentioned ecological dam, the construction steps include: Step S1, carrying out dam body 1 foundation treatment, constructing and pouring concrete in the dam body 1 foundation to form the first core wall 21; Step S2, prefabricating the steel pipe 23, installing the extension pipe 231 on the outer wall of the steel pipe 23, and opening the water-permeable hole 232 on the outer wall of the extension pipe 231, before the first core wall 21 coagulates, embedding the steel pipe 23 in the first core wall 21 in the vertical direction, and fixing the steel pipe 23; Step S3, layer-by-layer filling of soil to form the dam body 1, and segmental vertical pouring of concrete to form the second core wall 22, so that the second core wall 22 is synchronously raised with the dam body 1; Step S4, planting the root system developed plant 3 on the dam body 1 water-facing slope, and guiding the root system of the root system developed plant 3 to grow towards the water-permeable hole 232 by injecting water into the embedded steel pipe 23; Step S5, after the root system of the root system developed plant 3 grows to the water-permeable hole 232, filling material is injected into the steel pipe 23.

[0039] As some embodiments of the present application, as shown in Figure 7 The steel pipe 23 also includes geotextile, which is wrapped around the outer periphery of the water-permeable hole 232. This avoids the blockage of the water-permeable hole 232 during operation, and provides a fundamental guarantee for the subsequent success of root guidance.

[0040] As some embodiments of the present application, as shown in Figure 7As shown, the second core wall 22 is poured in segments in step S3, and the pouring height of each segment is 0.5-1 m. During the solidification process of the concrete, dry shrinkage and temperature shrinkage will occur. If the pouring height is too large, the accumulated shrinkage stress will easily cause vertical or horizontal cracks in the core wall, forming a leakage channel. The small segment height of 0.5-1 m reduces the volume of concrete poured each time, and the temperature difference and shrinkage deformation are greatly reduced. Each segment of concrete can complete the main shrinkage under relatively controllable conditions, effectively avoiding stress concentration, thereby significantly improving the compactness and crack resistance of the second core wall 22, and ensuring the construction quality of the impervious body 2 from the root.

[0041] As some embodiments of the present application, as Figure 9 As shown, the plant with water-guiding root system in step S4 is a deep-rooted plant. The taproot of the deep-rooted plant can grow vertically downward to a depth of 2-3 m or even deeper, and the strong vertical root network can tightly anchor the soil near the second core wall 22 together, significantly enhancing the ability of the dam body 1 to resist deep shear slip and overall instability, and greatly improving the safety margin.

[0042] Further, the filling material in step S5 is concrete. After the steel pipe 23 completes the task of guiding root growth, the internal cavity of the steel pipe 23 itself is a weak link in the impervious body 2. By pouring concrete, the hollow steel pipe 23 can be completely converted into a solid high-strength concrete pipe body. After the steel pipe 23 is poured with hardened concrete, it can form a solid whole with the first core wall 21 and the second core wall 22, significantly enhancing the integrity and stiffness of the region.

[0043] Further, in step S5, the steel pipe 23 is sealed by plugging the liquid inlet 233, and the steel pipe 23 is subjected to corrosion protection treatment. After sealing, the steel pipe 23 and the first core wall 21 and the second core wall 22 form a stable whole structure, ensuring that the impervious body 2 has an impervious function while also having high stability, improving the structural stability of the region.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the ecological dam and the construction method have the beneficial effects that the rigid impervious body 2 and the developed root plant 3 are combined to form a composite reinforcement system of rigid impervious body 2 plus flexible biological reinforcement, the plant roots of the underground part 32 are guided by the water permeable holes 232 on the outer wall of the steel pipe 23 to actively extend to one side of the second core wall 22 to form a longitudinal and transverse interlaced net-shaped reinforcement structure, the stability of the dam body 1 is significantly improved, the developed root plant 3 has the characteristics of vegetation restoration, the economic cost is reduced, the ecological restoration of the slope is promoted, the unification of engineering safety and ecological health is realized, the dependence on hard materials during the reinforcement of the dam body 1 is reduced by fully utilizing the developed root plant 3, the main reinforcement material can be naturally grown and maintained, and the post-maintenance cost is low. The method reduces the energy consumption and environmental pollution caused by the mining and transportation of hard materials, the ecological dam improves the biological diversity, and positive ecological environmental benefits are brought.

[0045] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and replacements without departing from the technical principles of the present application, and these improvements and replacements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An ecological earth dam, characterized in that, include: Dam body; The impermeable body includes a first core wall, a second core wall, and steel pipe fittings. The first core wall is located at the bottom of the dam body. One end of the second core wall is connected to the first core wall, and the other end extends vertically and is flush with the top of the dam body. The steel pipe fittings are vertically arranged, with one end inserted into the first core wall and the other end passing through the second core wall. The steel pipe fittings have an internal cavity, and their outer wall has an extension pipe extending along the width of the dam body. One end of the extension pipe communicates with the cavity, and the other end extends through the second core wall towards the water-facing slope of the dam body, with permeable holes provided. Plants with well-developed root systems are planted on the water-facing slope of the dam.

2. The ecological earth dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are multiple steel pipe components, which are spaced apart along the length of the dam body.

3. The ecological earth dam according to claim 2, characterized in that, There are multiple extension tubes, and the multiple extension tubes are spaced apart along the vertical direction.

4. The ecological earth dam according to claim 3, characterized in that, The impermeable body also includes a water replenishment mechanism, which is disposed in the cavity. The water replenishment mechanism includes a water replenishment pipe and at least one piston. The water replenishment pipe is inserted into the cavity. Two adjacent pistons are fixed at intervals along the vertical direction on the outer periphery of the water replenishment pipe and abut against the inner wall of the cavity. Two adjacent pistons and the inner wall of the cavity form a water replenishment area. The pipe wall of the water replenishment pipe has water replenishment holes for injecting water into the water replenishment area. The water replenishment pipe moves along the vertical direction, causing the water replenishment area to move away from or closer to the extension pipe.

5. The ecological earth dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes geotextile, which covers the permeable holes.

6. The ecological earth dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cavity has a liquid inlet at the end opposite to the first core wall, which is used by construction personnel to inject clean water or filling material into the cavity.

7. A construction method, characterized in that, The construction steps for constructing an ecological earth dam as described in any one of claims 1-6 include: Step S1: Perform foundation treatment for the dam body, and construct and pour concrete inside the foundation of the dam body to form the first core wall; Step S2: Prefabricate steel pipe fittings. An extension pipe is installed on the outer wall of the steel pipe fitting, and a water-permeable hole is opened on the outer wall of the extension pipe. Before the first core wall solidifies, the steel pipe fitting is vertically embedded in the first core wall and the steel pipe fitting is fixed. Step S3: Layered filling of soil to form the dam body, and segmented vertical pouring of concrete to form the second core wall, so that the second core wall rises synchronously with the dam body; Step S4: Plant plants with well-developed root systems on the water-facing slope of the dam body, and guide the roots of the plants with well-developed root systems to grow towards the water-permeable holes by injecting water into the pre-embedded steel pipes. Step S5: Once the roots of the well-developed plant have grown to the permeable holes, fill the steel pipe with filling material.

8. The construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Geotextile is wrapped around the outer periphery of the extension pipe to cover the permeable holes.

9. The construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S3, the second core wall is vertically poured in sections, with each section having a pouring height of 0.5m-1m.

10. The construction method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The plant with a well-developed root system mentioned in step S4 is a plant with a well-developed deep root system.

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