Pump stop water hammer wave pressure signal acquisition method, system and device

Abstract

The invention provides a pump stop water hammer pressure signal acquisition method, system and device. The pump stop water hammer pressure signal acquisition system at least comprising a plurality of pressure transmitters, an anti-vibration and anti-interference data acquisition box and computer equipment is constructed. Wherein an electromagnetic shielding layer is arranged on the outer side of the anti-vibration anti-interference data acquisition box, and the power supply and the data acquisition card are arranged in the anti-vibration anti-interference data acquisition box; and the pressure transmitter is arranged in front of the wellhead one-way valve close to the shaft section in the target well, and is connected with the data acquisition card through a preset shielding wire. During specific collection, based on the collection system, when it is monitored that pump injection equipment stops pumping, a key time point is determined; and then based on the key time point, determining and according to the first sampling time period and the second sampling time period, accurately collecting an initial water hammer wave pressure signal in the target well, and performing corresponding processing to obtain a target water hammer wave pressure signal with relatively small error, relatively high precision and relatively high reference value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This manual pertains to the field of oil and gas extraction technology, and particularly relates to methods, systems, and devices for acquiring water shock wave pressure signals during pump shutdown. Background Technology

[0002] In the process of oil and gas extraction, hydraulic fracturing is often required downhole to improve the oil and gas recovery rate of the well. Specifically, hydraulic fracturing refers to the process of using equipment such as pump trucks on the surface to pump fracturing fluid into the formation to create fractures, thereby forming channels for oil and gas migration.

[0003] During the aforementioned hydraulic fracturing operations, water hammer signals are generated when the pump is stopped, which have high reference value for on-site hydraulic fracturing operations. However, these water hammer signals are usually quite weak; moreover, due to the complex environmental conditions at the construction site, there are often multiple interference factors such as strong electromagnetic interference and well site vibration; furthermore, the acquisition process is also prone to danger, making it difficult to accurately acquire high-quality pump-stop water hammer signals using existing methods.

[0004] There is currently no effective solution to the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This specification provides a method, system, and device for acquiring pump-stop water shock wave pressure signals. It can effectively eliminate the influence of various interference factors such as strong electromagnetic interference and well site vibration on the acquisition of pump-stop water shock wave pressure signals in hydraulic fracturing construction scenarios. It can accurately and safely acquire pump-stop water shock wave pressure signals with small errors, high accuracy, and high reference value.

[0006] This specification provides a method for acquiring pressure signals from pump-stopped water hammer waves, applicable to a pump-stopped water hammer wave pressure signal acquisition system. The system includes at least: multiple pressure transmitters, a vibration-resistant and interference-resistant data acquisition box, and computer equipment. The vibration-resistant and interference-resistant data acquisition box has an electromagnetic shielding layer on its outer side, and a power supply and data acquisition card are installed inside. The pressure transmitters are positioned in front of the wellhead check valve near the wellbore section in the target well, and are connected to the data acquisition card via a pre-set shielded wire passing through the vibration-resistant and interference-resistant data acquisition box. The data acquisition card is also connected to the computer equipment and the power supply. The method includes:

[0007] During the hydraulic fracturing process of pumping fracturing fluid into the target well using pumping equipment according to the target fracturing plan, the operating parameters of the pumping equipment are monitored.

[0008] Based on the operating parameters of the pumping equipment, when the pumping equipment is detected to have stopped, a critical time point is determined; wherein, the critical time point is the time when the fluid in the target well changes the most after the pump stops.

[0009] Based on the key time points, the first sampling time period and the second sampling time period are determined;

[0010] Using multiple pressure transmitters, water hammer pressure signals at corresponding locations within the target well are collected during the first and second sampling periods to obtain the initial water hammer pressure signal.

[0011] The initial water hammer pressure signal is processed using a data acquisition card to obtain the corresponding intermediate water hammer pressure signal;

[0012] The intermediate water hammer wave pressure signal is processed using computer equipment to obtain the target water hammer wave pressure signal that meets the requirements.

[0013] In one embodiment, the vibration-proof and interference-resistant data acquisition box further includes a fixing plate; the fixing plate is used to fix the power supply and data acquisition card.

[0014] A spring is also connected between the bottom of the vibration-damping and interference-resistant data acquisition box and the fixing plate; wherein, a locking buckle is provided at multiple different positions along the length of the spring, and a locking bolt matching the locking buckle is also provided at the bottom of the vibration-damping and interference-resistant data acquisition box.

[0015] In one embodiment, an inner shell is fixedly mounted on the fixing plate, a fixing point for a data acquisition card is provided at the middle position inside the inner shell, and a heat-conducting plate is provided at a position adjacent to the fixing point for the data acquisition card; wherein, the heat-conducting plate is connected to the inner wall of the inner shell.

[0016] On the side wall of the vibration-proof and interference-resistant data acquisition box, an air inlet is provided at one end near the heat-conducting plate, and an exhaust outlet is provided at the other end away from the heat-conducting plate; an intake fan is provided at the air inlet, and an exhaust fan is provided at the exhaust outlet.

[0017] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0018] Based on the target fracturing scheme, the simulated well test pressure of the target well is determined;

[0019] Based on the simulated well test pressure, the target well is pressurized; and multiple pressure transmitters are used to collect water hammer pressure signals at corresponding locations within the target well to obtain the initial well test signal.

[0020] The initial well test signal is processed using a data acquisition card to obtain the corresponding intermediate well test signal;

[0021] Using computer equipment, the target interference signal for the target well is determined based on the intermediate well test signal.

[0022] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0023] Using computer equipment, a target filtering rule for the target well is determined based on the target interference signal; and zero drift correction is performed on multiple pressure transmitters based on the target interference signal.

[0024] Accordingly, the intermediate water hammer wave pressure signal is processed using computer equipment to obtain the target water hammer wave pressure signal that meets the requirements, including:

[0025] The intermediate water hammer pressure signal is filtered using computer equipment based on the target filtering rule to obtain the filtered water hammer pressure signal.

[0026] Based on the filtered water hammer pressure signal, the target water hammer pressure signal that meets the requirements is determined.

[0027] In one embodiment, after determining the target interference signal for the target well based on intermediate well test signals using computer equipment, the method further includes:

[0028] Based on the target interference signal, detect whether the electromagnetic interference intensity of the target well is greater than the preset intensity threshold;

[0029] When the electromagnetic interference intensity of the target well exceeds the preset intensity threshold, a replacement prompt message is generated regarding the shielding wire and / or the vibration-proof and anti-interference data acquisition box.

[0030] The user is then notified of the replacement prompt.

[0031] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0032] Monitor the vibration amplitude of the pumping equipment during operation;

[0033] When the vibration amplitude of the pumping equipment is detected to be greater than the preset first amplitude threshold and less than or equal to the preset second amplitude threshold, adjust the latch on the spring that is engaged with the locking bolt.

[0034] When the vibration amplitude of the pumping equipment during operation is detected to be greater than the preset second amplitude threshold, a replacement prompt message for the vibration-proof and anti-interference data acquisition box is generated and the user is notified of the replacement prompt message.

[0035] This manual also provides a system for acquiring water hammer pressure signals during pump shutdown, comprising at least: multiple pressure transmitters, a vibration-proof and interference-resistant data acquisition box, and computer equipment; wherein,

[0036] The vibration-proof and anti-interference data acquisition box is equipped with an electromagnetic shielding layer on its outside, and a power supply and a data acquisition card are installed inside the vibration-proof and anti-interference data acquisition box; the pressure transmitter is installed in front of the wellhead check valve near the well section in the target well, and is connected to the data acquisition card through a preset shielded wire passing through the vibration-proof and anti-interference data acquisition box; the data acquisition card is also connected to computer equipment and power supply.

[0037] The multiple pressure transmitters are used to acquire the initial water hammer pressure signal at the corresponding location in the target well when the pump is stopped during the hydraulic fracturing process; and send the initial water hammer pressure signal to the data acquisition card through a preset shielded cable;

[0038] The data acquisition card is used to process the initial water hammer wave pressure signal to obtain the corresponding intermediate water hammer wave pressure signal; and to send the intermediate water hammer wave pressure signal to the computer device.

[0039] The computer equipment is used to process the intermediate water hammer pressure signal to obtain the target water hammer pressure signal that meets the requirements.

[0040] This specification also provides a device for acquiring pressure signals from pump-stopped water hammer waves, applied to a system for acquiring pressure signals from pump-stopped water hammer waves. This system includes at least: multiple pressure transmitters, a vibration-resistant and interference-resistant data acquisition box, and computer equipment. The vibration-resistant and interference-resistant data acquisition box has an electromagnetic shielding layer on its outer side, and a power supply and a data acquisition card are installed inside. The pressure transmitters are positioned in front of the wellhead check valve near the wellbore section in the target well, and are connected to the data acquisition card via a pre-set shielded wire passing through the vibration-resistant and interference-resistant data acquisition box. The data acquisition card is also connected to the computer equipment and the power supply. The device includes:

[0041] The monitoring module is used to monitor the operating parameters of the pumping equipment during the hydraulic fracturing process, in which fracturing fluid is pumped into the target well using the pumping equipment according to the target fracturing plan.

[0042] The first determining module is used to determine the critical time point when the pumping equipment stops, based on the operating parameters of the pumping equipment; wherein, the critical time point is the time when the fluid in the target well changes the most after the pump stops.

[0043] The second determining module is used to determine the first sampling time period and the second sampling time period based on the key time points;

[0044] The acquisition module is used to acquire water hammer pressure signals at corresponding locations within the target well using multiple pressure transmitters during the first and second sampling periods, respectively, to obtain the initial water hammer pressure signal.

[0045] The first processing module is used to process the initial water hammer wave pressure signal using a data acquisition card to obtain the corresponding intermediate water hammer wave pressure signal.

[0046] The second processing module is used to process the intermediate water hammer wave pressure signal using computer equipment to obtain the target water hammer wave pressure signal that meets the requirements.

[0047] This specification also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the relevant steps of the method for acquiring water hammer pressure signals during pump shutdown.

[0048] Based on the method, system, and device for acquiring pump-stop water hammer pressure signals provided in this manual, before implementation, a pump-stop water hammer pressure signal acquisition system can be constructed, comprising at least: multiple pressure transmitters, a vibration-resistant and interference-resistant data acquisition box, and a computer. The vibration-resistant and interference-resistant data acquisition box has an electromagnetic shielding layer on its exterior, and the power supply and data acquisition card are located inside the box. The pressure transmitters are positioned in front of the wellhead check valve near the wellbore section in the target well, and are connected to the internal data acquisition card via a pre-set shielded cable passing through the vibration-resistant and interference-resistant data acquisition box. The data acquisition card is also connected to the computer and power supply. In practical implementation, the aforementioned acquisition system can monitor the operating parameters of the pumping equipment during hydraulic fracturing, where fracturing fluid is pumped into the target well according to the target fracturing plan. Based on these parameters, when the pumping equipment stops, the time of greatest fluid change in the target well after pump stoppage is identified as the critical time point. A first and second sampling time period are then determined based on this critical time point. Multiple pressure transmitters are used to acquire water hammer pressure signals at corresponding locations within the target well during both the first and second sampling time periods, obtaining the initial water hammer pressure signal. The initial water hammer pressure signal is then processed by a data acquisition card to obtain the corresponding intermediate water hammer pressure signal. Finally, a computer is used to process the intermediate water hammer pressure signal to obtain the target water hammer pressure signal that meets the requirements. This effectively eliminates the influence of various interference factors in hydraulic fracturing operations, such as strong electromagnetic interference and well site vibration, on the acquisition of the pump-stopped water hammer pressure signal, accurately and safely acquiring a pump-stopped water hammer pressure signal with small errors, high precision, high quality, and high reference value. Attached Figure Description

[0049] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this specification, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. The drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this specification. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0050] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for acquiring pump-stop water hammer pressure signals according to an embodiment of this specification.

[0051] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structural components of a pump stop water hammer pressure signal acquisition system provided in one embodiment of this specification;

[0052] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the pump stop water hammer pressure signal acquisition system provided in this specification, applied in a scenario example.

[0053] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the pump stop water hammer pressure signal acquisition system provided in this specification, applied in a scenario example.

[0054] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the pump stop water hammer pressure signal acquisition system provided in this specification, applied in a scenario example.

[0055] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the pump stop water hammer pressure signal acquisition system provided in this specification, applied in a scenario example.

[0056] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the pump stop water hammer pressure signal acquisition method provided in the embodiments of this specification, applied in a scenario example.

[0057] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the pump stop water hammer pressure signal acquisition method provided in the embodiments of this specification, applied in a scenario example.

[0058] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of an electronic device provided in one embodiment of this specification;

[0059] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of a pump stop water hammer wave pressure signal acquisition device provided in one embodiment of this specification;

[0060] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the pump stop water hammer pressure signal acquisition method provided in this specification, applied in a scenario example. Detailed Implementation

[0061] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this specification, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this specification, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this specification, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this specification.

[0062] It should be noted that the information and data related to users involved in the embodiments of this specification are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by the relevant parties. Furthermore, the collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision, disclosure, and application of the relevant data all comply with relevant laws, regulations, and standards, and necessary confidentiality measures have been taken. They do not violate public order and good morals, and corresponding operation entry points are provided for users or relevant parties to choose to authorize or refuse.

[0063] It should also be noted that in the embodiments of this specification, certain software, components, models and other existing solutions in the industry may be mentioned. These should be regarded as exemplary and are only intended to illustrate the feasibility of implementing the technical solution of this application. However, it does not mean that the applicant has used or necessarily used the solution.

[0064] See Figure 1 As shown in the embodiments of this specification, a method for acquiring pressure signals of pump-stopped water hammer waves is provided, wherein the method is specifically applied to a pump-stopped water hammer wave pressure signal acquisition system.

[0065] For details, please refer to Figure 2 As shown, the above-mentioned pump stop water hammer pressure signal acquisition system may include at least: multiple pressure transmitters, a vibration-resistant and interference-resistant data acquisition box, and computer equipment; wherein, the outer side of the vibration-resistant and interference-resistant data acquisition box may be provided with an electromagnetic shielding layer, and the interior of the vibration-resistant and interference-resistant data acquisition box may at least contain a power supply and a data acquisition card; the pressure transmitters are installed in the target well in front of the wellhead check valve near the wellbore section, and are connected to the data acquisition card through a preset shielded wire passing through the vibration-resistant and interference-resistant data acquisition box; the data acquisition card is also connected to the computer equipment and the power supply.

[0066] Based on the above-mentioned pump-stop water hammer wave pressure signal acquisition system, the above-mentioned pump-stop water hammer wave pressure signal acquisition method may include the following in its specific implementation:

[0067] S101: During the process of hydraulic fracturing by pumping fracturing fluid into the target well using pumping equipment according to the target fracturing plan, monitor the operating parameters of the pumping equipment;

[0068] S102: Based on the operating parameters of the pumping equipment, when the pumping equipment is detected to have stopped, the critical time point is determined; wherein, the critical time point is the time when the fluid in the target well changes the most after the pump stops.

[0069] S103: Based on the key time points, determine the first sampling time period and the second sampling time period;

[0070] S104: Using multiple pressure transmitters, the water hammer pressure signals at corresponding locations within the target well are collected during the first and second sampling periods to obtain the initial water hammer pressure signals.

[0071] S105: The initial water hammer pressure signal is processed using a data acquisition card to obtain the corresponding intermediate water hammer pressure signal;

[0072] S106: The intermediate water hammer pressure signal is processed using computer equipment to obtain the target water hammer pressure signal that meets the requirements.

[0073] Specifically, the aforementioned water hammer wave during hydraulic fracturing can be understood as the fluid velocity change drastically when the pumping equipment (e.g., a pump truck) at the wellhead stops pumping fluid during hydraulic fracturing. Due to the elasticity of the wellbore wall and the compressibility of the fluid, a fluid oscillation pressure wave is formed within the wellbore. Because wellbore parameters, geological parameters, and fluid parameters vary among different wells, the water hammer pressure wave signals exhibited by the water hammer waves (or water hammer pressure waves) formed during hydraulic fracturing shutdown will also differ. Therefore, the water hammer pressure wave signals exhibited by the water hammer waves during hydraulic fracturing shutdown can be used to analyze the morphology, number, and size of fractures in the well, enabling the identification of downhole fracturing events (e.g., artificial fracturing fractures, bridge plug locations, casing diameter changes, etc.), and further enabling the evaluation of the fracturing effect of downhole hydraulic fracturing and the diagnosis of water hammer fracturing.

[0074] Before implementation, please refer to Figure 2 As shown, a pump stop water hammer pressure signal acquisition system can be pre-installed in the area where the target well is located, including at least: multiple pressure transmitters, vibration-proof and anti-interference data acquisition boxes, and computers.

[0075] Specifically, the aforementioned target wells can be understood as wells that are to be hydraulically fracturing or wells that are currently undergoing hydraulic fracturing.

[0076] Specifically, the aforementioned target well may include a single target well or multiple target wells, such as target well 1, target well 2, etc. Correspondingly, the aforementioned multiple pressure transmitters may include multiple pressure transmitters installed at different locations within the same target well, or multiple different pressure transmitters installed in different target wells, such as pressure transmitter 1 and pressure transmitter 2 installed in target well 1, and pressure transmitter 3 and pressure transmitter 4 installed in target well 2, etc.

[0077] In practice, the pressure transmitter can be installed in front of the wellhead check valve near the wellbore section in the target well to ensure that the pressure transmitter can successfully and completely acquire the pump stop water hammer signal of interest when the pump is stopped.

[0078] The aforementioned pressure transmitter can specifically be an integrated device that can sense and convert the sensed pressure physical quantity into an electrical signal, and then perform preliminary signal processing on the electrical signal, such as signal amplification, calibration, and conversion.

[0079] In this embodiment, in order to better adapt to the hydraulic fracturing construction scenario, the pressure transmitter used can be a high-frequency pressure transmitter, such as a high-pressure sampling rate pressure transmitter with a union connector of model 2202 or 1502.

[0080] In practice, after acquiring the corresponding pressure signal using a pressure transmitter, the pressure signal can be processed by the built-in functional units of the pressure transmitter, such as signal amplification, linear calibration, and temperature compensation, to initially eliminate some errors and obtain signal data with relatively high accuracy.

[0081] Specifically, the aforementioned vibration-resistant and interference-resistant data acquisition box can be deployed in a safe area away from the high-pressure danger zone near the wellhead.

[0082] Specifically, an electromagnetic shielding layer can be installed on the outside of the aforementioned vibration-proof and interference-resistant data acquisition box. By placing the data acquisition card and the power supply electrically connected to the data acquisition card inside the vibration-proof and interference-resistant data acquisition box, the interference effect of electromagnetic interference in the external environment on the data acquisition card when processing signal data can be effectively reduced, signal processing errors can be reduced, and the processing accuracy of the data acquisition card when processing signal data can be improved; at the same time, it can also provide a certain degree of protection for the data acquisition card and the power supply.

[0083] The aforementioned data acquisition card may have a built-in analog-to-digital converter (ADC), which is an electronic device capable of converting physical analog signals (e.g., electrical signals) into digital signals that can be recognized by computer equipment.

[0084] In this embodiment, the aforementioned data acquisition card can specifically be a multi-channel data acquisition card, such as a 4-channel 2kHz sampling rate 16-bit resolution data acquisition card. Based on this data acquisition card, it can be well adapted to hydraulic fracturing construction scenarios and simultaneously acquire high-quality water hammer pressure signals involving multiple pressure transmitters across multiple channels.

[0085] The aforementioned power supply is electrically connected to the data acquisition card and multiple pressure transmitters, providing operating power to the data acquisition card and the connected pressure transmitters. Furthermore, the power supply can be a rechargeable power supply and is connected to a power controller. Accordingly, the power supply can be precisely controlled through the power controller.

[0086] For details, please refer to Figure 2 As shown, multiple pressure transmitters and the data acquisition card can be connected using a pre-set shielded cable that passes through the side wall of the vibration-damping and interference-resistant data acquisition box. Correspondingly, the signal data acquired by the multiple pressure transmitters can be transmitted to the data acquisition card for processing via the pre-set shielded cable.

[0087] Specifically, the aforementioned pre-defined shielding line can be a transmission line with a metal mesh braided layer wrapped around the outside of the signal line. This metal mesh braided layer can be made of copper or copper foil (aluminum), and it is grounded. This allows interference signals generated by electromagnetic interference in the external environment to be guided to the ground through the metal mesh braided layer, effectively reducing the interference of electromagnetic interference in the external environment on the signal data during transmission and reducing signal transmission errors. Furthermore, an insulating layer (e.g., a rubber insulating layer) can be wrapped around the outside of the aforementioned metal mesh braided layer.

[0088] In this embodiment, the preset shielding wire used can be a long shielding wire with a length of 100 meters and a metal mesh braid layer thickness greater than a first thickness threshold (e.g., 3 mm).

[0089] The data acquisition card and the computer equipment can be connected via wired or wireless means. Correspondingly, the signal data processed by the data acquisition card can be transmitted to the computer equipment via wired or wireless means.

[0090] The aforementioned computer equipment can specifically be electronic devices such as desktop computers, laptops, and servers that can perform data transmission and data processing functions.

[0091] Specifically, the aforementioned computer equipment can also be equipped with pre-configured water hammer pressure signal processing software specifically for processing the signal data transmitted by the data acquisition card. Based on this pre-configured water hammer pressure signal processing software, the computer equipment can further process the received signal data, realizing functions such as acquisition and processing, graph display, and playback query to meet the diverse needs of users.

[0092] For details, please refer to Figure 2 As shown, data input and data output interfaces can be respectively set at both ends of the vibration-resistant and interference-resistant data acquisition box. Accordingly, the data acquisition card can be connected to multiple pressure transmitters through the data input interface and to computer equipment through the data output interface.

[0093] In addition, pumping equipment (e.g., pump trucks) and fluid storage tanks for hydraulic fracturing can be deployed in the vicinity of the target well. The fluid storage tanks can store fracturing fluids (or fracturing liquids) such as water-based fluids and / or oil-based fluids.

[0094] Furthermore, the fluid storage tank is connected to the pumping equipment. Accordingly, in specific implementation, the pumping equipment can be started and used to pump the corresponding fracturing fluid into the target well according to the corresponding target fracturing scheme, so as to carry out hydraulic fracturing operations on the target well.

[0095] In practice, the aforementioned pump-stop water shock wave pressure signal acquisition system can be used to acquire pump-stop water shock wave fracturing signals of the target well during the hydraulic fracturing operation of the target well.

[0096] Specifically, during the hydraulic fracturing process of injecting fracturing fluid into the target well using pumping equipment according to the target fracturing plan, the operating parameters of the pumping equipment can be monitored in real time and at regular intervals to track its operation. These operating parameters indicate whether the pumping equipment is in a working or stopped state.

[0097] Of course, based on the operating parameters of the pumping equipment, when it is detected that the pumping equipment has stopped, it can be determined that the pumping equipment has been shut down. At this point, the key time points of interest can be predicted in advance.

[0098] The aforementioned key time points refer to the times when the fluid changes most significantly within the target well after pump shutdown. Specifically, for example, the times when the relative rate of fluid change within the target well is greatest. The determination of these key time points will be explained in more detail later.

[0099] Next, based on the aforementioned key time points, the time periods containing water hammer pressure signals with relatively high reference value for subsequent data processing (e.g., water hammer fracturing diagnosis, fracturing scheme improvement, etc.) can be determined as the first sampling time period (e.g., the first five minutes before the time of greatest fluid change) and the second sampling time period (e.g., the last five minutes after the time of greatest fluid change). Multiple pressure transmitters are then controlled to acquire pressure signals during the first and second sampling time periods, respectively, thereby accurately and comprehensively acquiring the required initial water hammer pressure signals at a relatively low cost. These initial signals are then transmitted to the data acquisition card inside the vibration-resistant and interference-resistant data acquisition box via a pre-set shielded cable. This effectively reduces signal transmission errors and electromagnetic interference experienced by the initial water hammer pressure signal during transmission, ensuring that the data acquisition card obtains an initial water hammer pressure signal with low error and high quality.

[0100] Then, the data acquisition card can accurately process the initial water hammer pressure signal in the vibration-proof and anti-interference data acquisition box, in an environment with less electromagnetic interference and less impact from well site vibration, effectively reducing processing errors and obtaining an intermediate water hammer pressure signal with relatively small errors and relatively high quality; then the intermediate water hammer pressure signal is sent to the computer equipment.

[0101] It should be noted that the electromagnetic interference here mainly comes from the strong electromagnetic interference generated by the operation of related electronic equipment during hydraulic fracturing, as well as electromagnetic interference from the formation environment where the target well is located. The well site vibration here mainly comes from the strong vibration generated by the operation of large equipment such as pumping equipment and cranes during hydraulic fracturing.

[0102] After receiving the intermediate water hammer pressure signal, the computer equipment can automatically and efficiently process the intermediate water hammer pressure signal using preset water hammer pressure signal processing software to obtain a target water hammer pressure signal that meets the requirements and has high quality; then, the target water hammer pressure signal is used to accurately perform subsequent specific fracturing data processing.

[0103] For example, computer equipment can perform water hammer fracturing diagnosis on the target well based on the aforementioned target water hammer wave pressure signal.

[0104] Specifically, the aforementioned water hammer fracturing diagnosis can be understood as a fracturing diagnosis technology based on water hammer waves, characterized by its simple operation, low cost, and strong real-time performance. Specifically, based on this technology, the water hammer effect generated by water hammer waves can be used to diagnose the fracture morphology during hydraulic fracturing. The water hammer effect refers to the energy dissipation caused by the fracturing fractures on the pump shutdown pressure during pump shutdown, which affects the characteristics of the water hammer pressure wave signal. Based on this technology, by analyzing the relevant characteristics of the water hammer pressure wave, the fracture morphology can be assessed by retrieving the fracture's attribute parameters.

[0105] For example, computer equipment can also evaluate the fracturing effect of the current hydraulic fracturing process of the target well by analyzing the development of fracturing fractures in the target well based on the aforementioned target water shock wave pressure signal; based on the evaluation results, the currently used target fracturing scheme can be adjusted and improved in a targeted manner to obtain an improved target fracturing scheme; and then, hydraulic fracturing construction can continue to be carried out on the target well based on the improved target fracturing scheme.

[0106] Based on the above embodiments, the influence of various interference factors such as strong electromagnetic interference and well site vibration on the acquisition of pump-stop water hammer pressure signals in hydraulic fracturing operations can be effectively eliminated. This allows for the accurate and safe acquisition of pump-stop water hammer pressure signals with small errors, high precision, and high reference value. Subsequently, these pump-stop water hammer pressure signals can be used to accurately complete relevant fracturing data processing.

[0107] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 As shown, the anti-vibration and anti-interference data acquisition box also contains a fixing plate; the fixing plate is used to fix the power supply and data acquisition card.

[0108] A spring (or damping spring) is connected between the bottom of the vibration-damping and anti-interference data acquisition box and the fixing plate; wherein, a locking buckle is provided at multiple different positions along the length of the spring, and a locking bolt matching the locking buckle is also provided at the bottom of the vibration-damping and anti-interference data acquisition box.

[0109] In this way, the spring can effectively buffer the impact of well site vibration on the data acquisition card inside the vibration-proof and anti-interference data acquisition box. On the one hand, it can protect relatively fragile equipment such as data acquisition cards and power supplies from damage caused by external vibrations; on the other hand, it can also prevent severe vibrations from causing error interference when the data acquisition card processes signal data.

[0110] Specifically, multiple springs can be installed between the aforementioned fixing plate and the bottom of the vibration anti-interference data acquisition box to better buffer well site vibrations from outside the vibration anti-interference data acquisition box.

[0111] Furthermore, multiple latches can be installed at various locations along the length of the spring; and a locking bolt matching the latches can be fixedly installed at the bottom of the vibration-damping and interference-resistant data acquisition box.

[0112] In this way, during implementation, the amplitude of vibration and interference resistance data acquisition box actually subjected to by the well site can be adjusted by specifically adjusting the locking buckle of the locking bolt and adjusting the length of the spring in the free state, thereby better reducing the interference effect of well site vibration on the data acquisition card.

[0113] In some embodiments, see Figure 4 As shown, springs (e.g., spring 2) can also be installed at both ends of the fixing plate and on the inner wall of the adjacent vibration-damping and anti-interference data acquisition box.

[0114] Furthermore, a protrusion is provided at a position on the inner wall of the vibration-damping and interference-resistant data acquisition box adjacent to both ends of the fixed plate, at a height higher than the specified height of the fixed plate; and a spring (e.g., spring 3) is provided between the protrusion and the fixed plate.

[0115] Based on the above structure, the vibration-resistant and interference-resistant data acquisition box can effectively and comprehensively buffer vibrations from multiple different directions by introducing and combining multiple springs (e.g., spring 1, spring 2, and spring 3) at multiple locations. This can more effectively reduce the interference and impact of external well field vibrations on the operation of internal components of the vibration-resistant and interference-resistant data acquisition box, and at the same time better protect the relevant components inside the vibration-resistant and interference-resistant data acquisition box.

[0116] In some embodiments, see details. Figure 5 As shown, an inner shell can also be fixedly installed on the fixing plate. A fixing point for the data acquisition card is provided at the middle position inside the inner shell. A heat-conducting plate is provided at a position adjacent to the fixing point of the data acquisition card. The heat-conducting plate is connected to the inner wall of the inner shell.

[0117] On the side wall of the vibration-proof and interference-resistant data acquisition box, an air inlet is provided at one end near the heat-conducting plate, and an exhaust outlet is provided at the other end away from the heat-conducting plate; an intake fan is provided at the air inlet, and an exhaust fan is provided at the exhaust outlet.

[0118] Specifically, the aforementioned heat-conducting plate and inner shell can be made of metals with high thermal conductivity.

[0119] For details, please refer to Figure 5 As shown, the data acquisition card can be connected to the heat-conducting plate; at the same time, the heat-conducting plate is connected to the inner wall of the inner shell.

[0120] In this way, the heat generated by the data acquisition card when processing the received signal data can be transferred to the outer wall of the inner shell in a timely manner through the heat conduction plate and the inner wall of the inner shell, thus preventing the data acquisition card from overheating during operation.

[0121] In addition, see Figure 5 As shown, the power supply can also be connected to a heat-conducting plate. In this way, the heat generated by the power supply during operation can be transferred to the outer wall of the inner shell in a timely manner through the heat-conducting plate and the inner wall of the inner shell, preventing the power supply from overheating.

[0122] Furthermore, on the side wall of the vibration-damping and interference-resistant data acquisition box, an air inlet is provided at the end adjacent to the heat-conducting plate, and an exhaust outlet is provided at the end away from the heat-conducting plate; and, see also... Figure 6 As shown, an intake fan can also be installed at the air inlet, and an exhaust fan can be installed at the exhaust outlet.

[0123] Based on the above structure, a cool air can be continuously pumped into the enclosure from the outside through the air inlet by the intake fan, causing the air to circulate around the inner shell inside the enclosure, forming a ring-shaped airflow. During the flow, the air carries away the heat from the outer wall of the inner shell. Finally, the exhaust fan continuously exhausts the warm air from the enclosure through the exhaust port, thereby achieving a good heat dissipation effect and maintaining the temperature inside the vibration-resistant and interference-resistant data acquisition box at a relatively normal temperature level, ensuring that internal components such as data acquisition cards and power supplies can operate stably and safely.

[0124] For details, please refer to Figure 6 As shown, dust screens can also be installed on the outside of the exhaust and intake ports. These dust screens effectively prevent dust from entering the chamber during hydraulic fracturing operations, ensuring that the operation of the internal components is not affected by the dust.

[0125] Furthermore, a temperature sensor can be installed inside the aforementioned inner shell, near the data acquisition card; this temperature sensor can be connected to the intake fan and the exhaust fan.

[0126] In practice, when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature in the vicinity of the data acquisition card is greater than the preset temperature threshold, it can automatically send corresponding start signals to the intake fan and exhaust fan to automatically start and run the intake fan and exhaust fan, thereby intelligently and timely cooling the inside of the vibration-proof and interference-resistant data acquisition box.

[0127] In some embodiments, see Figure 7As shown, before using multiple pressure transmitters to collect water hammer pressure signals at corresponding locations within the target well during the first and second sampling time periods, the method may further include the following in its specific implementation:

[0128] S1: Determine the simulated well test pressure for the target well based on the target fracturing scheme;

[0129] S2: Pressurize the target well according to the simulated well test pressure; and use multiple pressure transmitters to collect the water hammer pressure signal at the corresponding location in the target well to obtain the initial well test signal;

[0130] S3: Use a data acquisition card to process the initial well test signal to obtain the corresponding intermediate well test signal;

[0131] S4: Using computer equipment, determine the target interference signal for the target well based on the intermediate well test signal.

[0132] In practice, during the well test phase, the target well can be pressurized using pressurization equipment to bring the pressure inside the target well to the simulated well test pressure. This simulates the downhole environment under the same pressure during hydraulic fracturing, but without the presence of pump-stop water hammer. In this downhole environment, multiple pressure transmitters are used to collect the initial well signal. Based on this initial well signal, the target interference signal for the target well is obtained through processing by a data acquisition card and computer equipment.

[0133] The interference signal mainly comes from electromagnetic interference in the target well, including: interference signals generated by strong electromagnetic interference from the operation of related electronic equipment for hydraulic fracturing (which can be referred to as high-voltage electromagnetic interference signals), and interference signals generated by electromagnetic interference inherent in the formation environment where the target well is located (which can be referred to as environmental electromagnetic interference signals).

[0134] In some embodiments, after obtaining the target interference signal, the method may further include the following: using computer equipment to determine the target filtering rule for the target well based on the target interference signal; and performing zero drift correction on multiple pressure transmitters based on the target interference signal.

[0135] Accordingly, the above-mentioned use of computer equipment to process the intermediate water hammer wave pressure signal to obtain a target water hammer wave pressure signal that meets the requirements may, in specific implementation, include:

[0136] S1: The intermediate water hammer pressure signal is filtered using computer equipment based on the target filtering rule to obtain the filtered water hammer pressure signal.

[0137] S2: Based on the filtered water hammer pressure signal, determine the target water hammer pressure signal that meets the requirements.

[0138] The aforementioned determination of target filtering rules for the target well based on the target interference signal may include the following in its specific implementation:

[0139] S1: Based on the target interference signal, the high-voltage electromagnetic interference signal and the environmental electromagnetic interference signal are separated through spectrum analysis;

[0140] S2: Determine the first filtering range based on the high-voltage electromagnetic interference signal; determine the second filtering range based on the environmental electromagnetic interference signal.

[0141] S3: Establish the corresponding target filtering rules based on the first filtering range and the second filtering range.

[0142] The above-mentioned zero-drift correction of multiple pressure transmitters based on the target interference signal can be specifically implemented by adjusting the adjustment units of different pressure transmitters during the well test phase, so that the deviation between the intermediate well test signal and the expected well test reference value is less than or equal to a preset deviation threshold, thereby completing the zero-drift correction.

[0143] In practice, a matching first filtering range can be determined by extracting and analyzing the signal characteristics (e.g., frequency, wavelength, amplitude) of the high-voltage electromagnetic interference signal; at the same time, a matching second filtering range can be determined by extracting and analyzing the signal characteristics of the environmental electromagnetic interference signal.

[0144] In practice, the preset water hammer pressure signal processing software deployed on the computer equipment can be used to configure the corresponding algorithm-based target filter according to the target filtering rules. Then, the target filter is used to filter the intermediate water hammer pressure signal directly received by the computer equipment to specifically eliminate the interference error signal introduced by the target interference signal, thereby obtaining a filtered water hammer pressure signal with smaller interference error.

[0145] Furthermore, the computing device can utilize preset water hammer pressure signal processing software to perform further signal data processing on the filtered water hammer pressure signal according to the user's processing instructions, ultimately obtaining a signal with higher accuracy and smaller error, which serves as the target water hammer pressure signal that meets the requirements.

[0146] In some embodiments, after determining the target interference signal for the target well based on intermediate well test signals using computer equipment, the method may further include the following:

[0147] S1: Based on the target interference signal, detect whether the electromagnetic interference intensity of the target well is greater than the preset intensity threshold;

[0148] S2: When the electromagnetic interference intensity of the target well exceeds the preset intensity threshold, a replacement prompt message is generated regarding the shielding wire and / or the vibration-proof and anti-interference data acquisition box.

[0149] S3: Send the replacement prompt message to the user.

[0150] The preset strength threshold can be determined based on the performance parameters of the shielding wire (e.g., the thickness of the metal braided layer in the shielding wire) and the performance parameters of the vibration-damping and anti-interference data acquisition box (e.g., the thickness of the shielding layer).

[0151] When the electromagnetic interference intensity (including high-voltage electromagnetic interference and environmental electromagnetic interference) of the target well is detected to be greater than a preset intensity threshold based on the target interference signal, it can be determined that even a filter based solely on the algorithm level cannot effectively eliminate the error interference signal introduced by the target interference signal. In this case, a corresponding replacement prompt can be sent to the user.

[0152] Specifically, the replacement prompt information may include: replacing the shielded cable and / or replacing the vibration-proof and interference-resistant data acquisition box, as well as the recommended replacement model for the shielded cable and / or the recommended replacement model for the vibration-proof and interference-resistant data acquisition box.

[0153] Accordingly, users can selectively replace the shielded cable and / or the vibration-proof and anti-interference data acquisition box based on the replacement prompts mentioned above, so that the interference signal from electromagnetic interference received during the actual processing and transmission of relevant signal data is less than the target interference signal, thereby effectively reducing the interference effect of electromagnetic interference on the processing and transmission of signal data.

[0154] In this case, the thickness of the metal braided layer of the replaced shielding cable is greater than that of the original shielding cable. Similarly, the thickness of the shielding layer of the replaced vibration-damping and interference-resistant data acquisition box is greater than that of the original vibration-damping and interference-resistant data acquisition box.

[0155] In some embodiments, the method may further include the following:

[0156] S1: Monitor the vibration amplitude of the pumping equipment during operation;

[0157] S2: When the vibration amplitude of the pumping equipment is detected to be greater than the preset first amplitude threshold and less than or equal to the preset second amplitude threshold, adjust the latch on the spring that is engaged with the locking bolt.

[0158] S3: When the vibration amplitude of the pumping equipment during operation is detected to be greater than the preset second amplitude threshold, a replacement prompt message for the anti-vibration and anti-interference data acquisition box is generated; and the user is notified of the replacement prompt message.

[0159] In practice, a vibration sensor can be installed at a marker in the vicinity of the pumping equipment; the vibration amplitude of the pumping equipment during operation can be determined by collecting data from the marker in the vicinity of the pumping equipment and based on the vibration amplitude of the marker in the vicinity of the pumping equipment; and then the well site vibration experienced by the target well during water pressure can be evaluated based on the vibration amplitude of the pumping equipment during operation.

[0160] In practice, when the vibration amplitude of the pumping equipment is detected to be greater than the preset first amplitude threshold and less than or equal to the preset second amplitude threshold, it can be determined that the current well site vibration is large and needs adjustment, and that this adjustment is within the adjustable range of the current vibration-damping and anti-interference data acquisition box. Then, based on the vibration amplitude of the pumping equipment, a matching target spring adjustment strategy is determined from the preset spring adjustment strategy set. This target spring adjustment strategy is then shown to the user to guide them in fastening the corresponding spring latches to the corresponding positions to adjust the free length of the springs. This allows the adjusted vibration-damping and anti-interference data acquisition box to effectively buffer well site vibration using the relevant springs, eliminating the interference and impact of well site vibration on the power supply and data acquisition card operation inside the box.

[0161] Specifically, the aforementioned preset spring adjustment strategy set may include multiple preset spring adjustment strategies.

[0162] Before implementation, the aforementioned pump-stop water hammer pressure signal acquisition system can be used to conduct a large number of tests on the sample wells and collect a large amount of test data during the tests. Based on the test data and expert experience, big data analysis can be performed to determine multiple preset spring adjustment strategies for various vibration conditions. Each preset spring adjustment strategy corresponds to at least one vibration condition, and each vibration condition corresponds to a vibration range.

[0163] Conversely, if the vibration amplitude of the pumping equipment is detected to be greater than or equal to the preset second amplitude threshold, it can be determined that the current well site vibration is too large and requires adjustment, but is outside the adjustable range of the current vibration-damping and anti-interference data acquisition box. In this case, a replacement prompt message can be sent to the user regarding replacing the vibration-damping and anti-interference data acquisition box, suggesting the use of a box with a thicker shielding layer.

[0164] In some embodiments, when the electromagnetic interference intensity of the target well indicated by the target interference signal is greater than the critical risk threshold, a prompt message may also be generated regarding the application of electromagnetic shielding coating to the outside of the pressure transmitter.

[0165] Specifically, when the electromagnetic interference intensity of the target well, as indicated by the target interference signal, exceeds the critical risk threshold, it indicates that the electromagnetic interference within the target well is significant and may even interfere with the pressure signal detection of the pressure transmitter. In this case, a prompt message can be issued to advise the user to apply an electromagnetic shielding coating (e.g., a flexible, high-temperature resistant coating made by mixing epoxy resin, silicate, and copper powder in a specific ratio, suitable for high-frequency electromagnetic environments) to the surface of the pressure transmitter. This forms an electromagnetic shielding layer on the outside of the pressure transmitter, reducing the interference and impact of electromagnetic interference in the target well on the pressure signal acquired by the pressure transmitter from water hammer waves, reducing signal acquisition errors, and thus further improving the accuracy of the signal data.

[0166] In some embodiments, the method may further include: during the process of hydraulic fracturing by pumping fracturing fluid into the target well using a pumping device according to the target fracturing scheme, collecting intermediate pumping parameters of the pumping device and the corresponding intermediate pressure signal in the target well.

[0167] Specifically, the above-mentioned pumping parameters may include at least one of the following: pumping location, pumping flow rate, pumping frequency, etc.

[0168] Accordingly, when a pumping unit is detected to have stopped, refer to Figure 8 As shown above, the key time points have been identified. In practice, the following can be included:

[0169] S1: Obtain the attribute parameters of the target well, the pumping parameters of the pumping equipment at the previous time point before the pumping equipment was stopped, and the corresponding intermediate pressure signal at the previous time point;

[0170] S2: Based on the attribute parameters of the target well, the intermediate pumping parameters of the pumping equipment, and the corresponding intermediate pressure signal in the target well, establish a downhole fluid change prediction model for the target well;

[0171] S3: Using the downhole fluid change prediction model, based on the pumping parameters at the previous time point before the pumping equipment stops, and the corresponding intermediate pressure signal at the previous time point, the prediction result of the fluid change in the well when the pump stops is determined.

[0172] S4: Based on the predicted results of fluid changes in the well when the pump is stopped, determine the time when the fluid changes in the target well are greatest after the pump is stopped, and use it as the critical time point.

[0173] Specifically, the attribute parameters of the target well may include at least one of the following: wellbore parameters of the target well, geological parameters of the target well, geological background information of the strata where the target well is located, etc.

[0174] The intermediate pumping parameters of the aforementioned pumping equipment, and the corresponding intermediate pressure signal in the target well, may include the intermediate pumping parameters of the pumping equipment and the corresponding intermediate pressure signal in the target well at multiple consecutive time points within a time period prior to the previous time point.

[0175] The aforementioned downhole fluid change prediction model can be understood as an algorithm model based on reinforcement learning, trained to be adapted to the target well, capable of predicting and outputting the downhole fluid change situation within a time period (e.g., 1 hour) after the input of pumping parameters and pressure signals at a time point.

[0176] In practice, a downhole fluid change prediction model for the target well can be obtained by transferring learning from the basic model, based on the target well's attribute parameters, the intermediate pumping parameters of the pumping equipment, and the intermediate pressure signals within the target well during the historical period before pump shutdown. Specifically, the basic model can be a general-purpose algorithm model trained in advance using a large amount of sample data accumulated from test experiments.

[0177] Based on the above embodiments, key time points can be determined relatively accurately and efficiently. Then, based on these key time points, combined with the effective time of fluid changes and the redundant time during signal acquisition, a more accurate and effective first and second sampling time periods can be determined; wherein the aforementioned effective time and redundant time can be determined based on test experimental data through big data analysis.

[0178] In some embodiments, after obtaining the target water hammer wave pressure signal, the method may further include: performing water hammer fracturing diagnosis on the target well based on the target water hammer wave pressure signal; and / or adjusting and improving the target fracturing scheme.

[0179] In some embodiments, when multiple pressure transmitters are used to acquire the corresponding initial water hammer pressure signals during a first sampling time period and a second sampling time period, each pressure transmitter can be controlled to add a corresponding timestamp to the initial water hammer pressure signal according to the acquisition time. Correspondingly, the intermediate water hammer pressure signals also carry corresponding timestamps.

[0180] When processing the intermediate water hammer pressure signal using computer equipment, the preset water hammer pressure signal processing software can be used to first extract and synchronize multiple intermediate water hammer pressure signals according to the timestamps in the intermediate water hammer pressure signals corresponding to different pressure transmitters, thereby obtaining multiple synchronized intermediate water hammer pressure signals; then, based on the multiple synchronized intermediate water hammer pressure signals, the target water hammer pressure signal that meets the requirements can be determined.

[0181] As can be seen from the above, the pump stop water hammer pressure signal acquisition method provided in the embodiments of this specification can be implemented by first constructing a pump stop water hammer pressure signal acquisition system that includes at least: multiple pressure transmitters, a vibration-resistant and interference-resistant data acquisition box, and a computer. The vibration-resistant and interference-resistant data acquisition box has an electromagnetic shielding layer on its outer side, and the power supply and data acquisition card are located inside the box. The pressure transmitters are positioned in front of the wellhead check valve near the wellbore section in the target well, and are connected to the data acquisition card via a pre-set shielded cable passing through the vibration-resistant and interference-resistant data acquisition box. The data acquisition card is also connected to the computer and the power supply. In practical implementation, the aforementioned acquisition system can monitor the operating parameters of the pumping equipment during hydraulic fracturing, where fracturing fluid is pumped into the target well according to the target fracturing plan. When the pumping equipment stops, the time of greatest fluid change in the target well after pump stoppage is identified as the critical time point. Based on the critical time point, the first and second sampling time periods are determined. Multiple pressure transmitters are then used to acquire water hammer pressure signals at corresponding locations within the target well during the first and second sampling time periods to obtain the initial water hammer pressure signal. The initial water hammer pressure signal is processed using a data acquisition card to obtain the corresponding intermediate water hammer pressure signal. Finally, the intermediate water hammer pressure signal is processed using computer equipment to obtain the target water hammer pressure signal that meets the requirements. This fully utilizes the relevant structure of the aforementioned pump-stop water hammer pressure signal acquisition system, effectively eliminating the influence of various interference factors such as strong electromagnetic interference and well site vibration on the acquisition of pump-stop water hammer pressure signals in hydraulic fracturing operations. This allows for the accurate and safe acquisition of pump-stop water hammer pressure signals with small errors, high precision, and high reference value.

[0182] See Figure 2 As shown in the embodiments of this specification, a pump-stop water hammer wave pressure signal acquisition system is also provided, which may include at least: multiple pressure transmitters, a vibration-proof and interference-resistant data acquisition box, and computer equipment, etc.

[0183] The vibration-proof and anti-interference data acquisition box is equipped with an electromagnetic shielding layer on its outside, and a power supply and a data acquisition card are installed inside the vibration-proof and anti-interference data acquisition box; the pressure transmitter is installed in front of the wellhead check valve near the well section in the target well, and is connected to the data acquisition card through a preset shielded wire passing through the vibration-proof and anti-interference data acquisition box; the data acquisition card is also connected to computer equipment and power supply.

[0184] The multiple pressure transmitters are used to acquire the initial water hammer pressure signal at the corresponding location in the target well when the pump is stopped during the hydraulic fracturing process; and send the initial water hammer pressure signal to the data acquisition card through a preset shielded cable;

[0185] The data acquisition card is used to process the initial water hammer wave pressure signal to obtain the corresponding intermediate water hammer wave pressure signal; and to send the intermediate water hammer wave pressure signal to the computer device.

[0186] The computer equipment is used to process the intermediate water hammer pressure signal to obtain the target water hammer pressure signal that meets the requirements.

[0187] This specification provides an electronic device through its embodiments. (See attached document.) Figure 9 As shown. The electronic device includes a network communication port 901, a processor 902, and a memory 903. These structures are connected by internal cables so that they can perform specific data interaction.

[0188] Specifically, the network communication port 901 can be used to receive startup commands.

[0189] The processor 902 can specifically be used to respond to start commands and, during the hydraulic fracturing process of pumping fracturing fluid into the target well using a pumping device according to the target fracturing scheme, monitor the operating parameters of the pumping device; based on the operating parameters of the pumping device, when the pumping device is detected to stop, determine the critical time point; wherein, the critical time point is the time when the fluid in the target well changes the most after the pump stops; based on the critical time point, determine the first sampling time period and the second sampling time period; use multiple pressure transmitters to collect water hammer pressure signals at corresponding locations in the target well during the first sampling time period and the second sampling time period respectively to obtain the initial water hammer pressure signal; use a data acquisition card to process the initial water hammer pressure signal to obtain the corresponding intermediate water hammer pressure signal; use computer equipment to process the intermediate water hammer pressure signal to obtain the target water hammer pressure signal that meets the requirements.

[0190] The memory 903 can be used to store the corresponding instruction program, as well as related data such as the first sampling time period and the second sampling time period.

[0191] Based on the above method, the relevant structural performance of electronic equipment can be effectively utilized to improve the data processing speed of electronic equipment and efficiently realize the relevant data processing of pump stop water hammer wave pressure signal acquisition.

[0192] In this embodiment, the network communication port 901 can be a virtual port bound to different communication protocols, thereby enabling the sending or receiving of different data. For example, the network communication port can be a port responsible for web data communication, a port responsible for FTP data communication, or a port responsible for email data communication. Furthermore, the network communication port can also be a physical communication interface or communication chip. For example, it can be a wireless mobile network communication chip, such as GSM or CDMA; it can also be a Wi-Fi chip; or it can be a Bluetooth chip.

[0193] In this embodiment, the processor 902 can be implemented in any suitable manner. For example, the processor can take the form of a microprocessor or processor and a computer-readable medium storing computer-readable program code (e.g., software or firmware) executable by the (micro)processor, logic gates, switches, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic controllers, and embedded microcontrollers, etc. This specification is not limiting.

[0194] In this embodiment, the memory 903 may include multiple layers. In a digital system, anything that can store binary data can be a memory. In an integrated circuit, a circuit with storage function but no physical form is also called a memory, such as RAM, FIFO, etc. In a system, a storage device with a physical form is also called a memory, such as a memory stick, TF card, etc.

[0195] This specification also provides a computer-readable storage medium based on the above-described method for acquiring water hammer pressure signals after pump shutdown. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer program instructions that, when executed, implement the following: During hydraulic fracturing of a target well using a pumping device to inject fracturing fluid according to a target fracturing scheme, monitor the operating parameters of the pumping device; based on the operating parameters, determine a critical time point when the pumping device stops; wherein the critical time point is the time of greatest fluid change in the target well after pump shutdown; determine a first sampling time period and a second sampling time period based on the critical time point; acquire water hammer pressure signals at corresponding locations in the target well using multiple pressure transmitters during the first and second sampling time periods to obtain an initial water hammer pressure signal; process the initial water hammer pressure signal using a data acquisition card to obtain a corresponding intermediate water hammer pressure signal; and process the intermediate water hammer pressure signal using a computer to obtain a target water hammer pressure signal that meets the requirements.

[0196] In this embodiment, the storage medium includes, but is not limited to, Random Access Memory (RAM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), Cache, Hard Disk Drive (HDD), or Memory Card. The memory can be used to store computer program instructions. The network communication unit can be an interface configured according to standards specified in the communication protocol for network connection communication.

[0197] In this embodiment, the specific functions and effects implemented by the program instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium can be explained in comparison with other embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0198] This specification also provides a computer program product, comprising at least a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the following method steps: During hydraulic fracturing of a target well using a pumping device to inject fracturing fluid according to a target fracturing scheme, the operating parameters of the pumping device are monitored; based on the operating parameters of the pumping device, when the pumping device is detected to have stopped, a critical time point is determined; wherein, the critical time point is the time when the fluid change in the target well is greatest after the pump stops; based on the critical time point, a first sampling time period and a second sampling time period are determined; multiple pressure transmitters are used to collect water hammer pressure signals at corresponding locations in the target well during the first and second sampling time periods respectively, to obtain an initial water hammer pressure signal; the initial water hammer pressure signal is processed using a data acquisition card to obtain a corresponding intermediate water hammer pressure signal; the intermediate water hammer pressure signal is processed using a computer device to obtain a target water hammer pressure signal that meets the requirements.

[0199] See Figure 10 As shown in the embodiments of this specification, a pump-stop water hammer wave pressure signal acquisition device is also provided. Specifically, it can be applied to a pump-stop water hammer wave pressure signal acquisition system. This system includes at least: multiple pressure transmitters, a vibration-resistant and interference-resistant data acquisition box, and computer equipment. The vibration-resistant and interference-resistant data acquisition box has an electromagnetic shielding layer on its outer side, and a power supply and a data acquisition card are installed inside. The pressure transmitters are positioned in front of the wellhead check valve near the wellbore section in the target well, and are connected to the data acquisition card via a pre-set shielded wire passing through the vibration-resistant and interference-resistant data acquisition box. The data acquisition card is also connected to the computer equipment and the power supply. The device may specifically include the following modules:

[0200] The monitoring module 1001 can be used to monitor the operating parameters of the pumping equipment during the process of hydraulic fracturing by pumping fracturing fluid into the target well according to the target fracturing scheme.

[0201] The first determining module 1002 can be specifically used to determine the critical time point when the pumping equipment stops, based on the operating parameters of the pumping equipment; wherein, the critical time point is the time when the fluid in the target well changes the most after the pump stops.

[0202] The second determining module 1003 can be specifically used to determine the first sampling time period and the second sampling time period based on the key time points;

[0203] The acquisition module 1004 can be used to acquire water hammer pressure signals at corresponding locations in the target well using multiple pressure transmitters during the first and second sampling periods, respectively, to obtain the initial water hammer pressure signal.

[0204] The first processing module 1005 can be used to process the initial water hammer wave pressure signal using a data acquisition card to obtain the corresponding intermediate water hammer wave pressure signal.

[0205] The second processing module 1006 can be used to process the intermediate water hammer wave pressure signal using computer equipment to obtain the target water hammer wave pressure signal that meets the requirements.

[0206] In some embodiments, the interior of the vibration-proof and interference-resistant data acquisition box may further include a fixing plate; the fixing plate may be used to fix the power supply and the data acquisition card.

[0207] A spring may also be provided between the bottom of the vibration-damping and interference-resistant data acquisition box and the fixing plate; wherein, a locking buckle is provided at multiple different positions along the length of the spring, and a locking bolt matching the locking buckle is also provided at the bottom of the vibration-damping and interference-resistant data acquisition box.

[0208] In some embodiments, an inner shell may be fixedly mounted on the fixing plate, a fixing point for a data acquisition card is provided at the middle position inside the inner shell, and a heat-conducting plate is provided at a position adjacent to the fixing point for the data acquisition card; wherein, the heat-conducting plate is connected to the inner wall of the inner shell.

[0209] On the side wall of the vibration-proof and interference-resistant data acquisition box, an air inlet is provided at one end near the heat-conducting plate, and an exhaust outlet is provided at the other end away from the heat-conducting plate; an intake fan is provided at the air inlet, and an exhaust fan is provided at the exhaust outlet.

[0210] In some embodiments, the device can also be used to: determine the simulated well test pressure of the target well according to the target fracturing scheme; pressurize the target well according to the simulated well test pressure; and use multiple pressure transmitters to collect water hammer pressure signals at corresponding locations in the target well to obtain initial well test signals; process the initial well test signals using a data acquisition card to obtain corresponding intermediate well test signals; and use computer equipment to determine the target interference signal for the target well based on the intermediate well test signals.

[0211] In some embodiments, when the device is specifically implemented, it can also be used to: use computer equipment to determine the target filtering rule for the target well based on the target interference signal; and perform zero drift correction on multiple pressure transmitters based on the target interference signal.

[0212] Accordingly, when the second processing module 1006 is specifically implemented, the intermediate water hammer wave pressure signal can be processed by computer equipment in the following manner to obtain a target water hammer wave pressure signal that meets the requirements: the intermediate water hammer wave pressure signal is filtered by computer equipment based on target filtering rules to obtain a filtered water hammer wave pressure signal; and the target water hammer wave pressure signal that meets the requirements is determined based on the filtered water hammer wave pressure signal.

[0213] In some embodiments, after determining the target interference signal for the target well based on the intermediate well test signal using computer equipment, the device may further be used to: detect whether the electromagnetic interference intensity of the target well is greater than a preset intensity threshold based on the target interference signal; when the electromagnetic interference intensity of the target well is greater than the preset intensity threshold, generate a replacement prompt message regarding the shielding wire and / or the vibration-damping and anti-interference data acquisition box; and notify the user of the replacement prompt message.

[0214] In some embodiments, the device may also be used to: monitor the vibration amplitude of the pumping equipment during operation; when the vibration amplitude of the pumping equipment during operation is greater than a preset first amplitude threshold and less than or equal to a preset second amplitude threshold, adjust the latch on the spring that is engaged with the locking bolt; when the vibration amplitude of the pumping equipment during operation is greater than the preset second amplitude threshold, generate a replacement prompt message for the anti-vibration and anti-interference data acquisition box; and notify the user of the replacement prompt message.

[0215] It should be noted that the units, devices, or modules described in the above embodiments can be implemented by computer chips or physical entities, or by products with certain functions. For ease of description, the above devices are described by dividing them into various modules according to their functions. Of course, in implementing this specification, the functions of each module can be implemented in one or more software and / or hardware, or the module that implements the same function can be implemented by a combination of multiple sub-modules or sub-units, etc. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between the devices or units shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units can be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0216] As can be seen from the above, the pump stop water shock wave pressure signal acquisition device provided in the embodiments of this specification can effectively eliminate the influence of various interference factors such as strong electromagnetic interference and well site vibration on the acquisition of pump stop water shock wave pressure signals by making full use of the relevant structure of the pump stop water shock wave pressure signal acquisition system. It can accurately and safely acquire pump stop water shock wave pressure signals with small errors, high accuracy and high reference value.

[0217] In a specific scenario example, the method, system, and device for acquiring water hammer pressure signals during pump shutdown provided in this manual can be used to acquire high-frequency pressure signals from water hammer pressure waves during fracturing pump shutdown. The specific implementation process may include the following:

[0218] In this scenario example, the constructed high-frequency pressure acquisition system for hydraulic pump shutdown water hammer pressure waves (e.g., a pump shutdown water hammer wave pressure signal acquisition system) may include a high-frequency pressure acquisition device (e.g., a vibration-proof and interference-resistant data acquisition box), a long shielded cable, a high-frequency pressure transmitter (or a high-frequency pressure sensor), and a computer with data acquisition software deployed (e.g., a computer device with pre-installed water hammer wave pressure signal processing software). The high-frequency pressure sensor and the high-frequency acquisition device are connected via the long shielded cable. The high-frequency pressure acquisition device is connected to the computer with the data acquisition software to control the acquisition, set acquisition parameters, and store data in the computer's storage medium. The high-frequency pressure acquisition device is equipped with an electromagnetic interference-resistant and vibration-proof housing (e.g., an electromagnetic shielding layer).

[0219] Specifically, the shielded cable is over 100m long and has a plastic insulation layer of over 3mm thick, effectively preventing electromagnetic interference and radiation, avoiding well site vibration, wire pressure, and other electromagnetic field interference, and adapting to various complex on-site environments. The anti-electromagnetic interference and vibration-damping shell has a metal shielding layer and vibration-damping design, which can effectively reduce the impact of electromagnetic interference and vibration on-site.

[0220] Specifically, the high-frequency pressure acquisition device can be composed of an anti-electromagnetic interference and vibration-proof shell, a data input / output port, a data acquisition card module (e.g., a data acquisition card), a rechargeable power supply module (e.g., a power supply), and a power controller. It can convert the analog signals acquired by the high-frequency pressure transmitter into digital signals that can be recognized by a computer, and at least meet the requirement of simultaneous acquisition of 4 channels with a 2kHz sampling rate and 16-bit resolution.

[0221] The data input / output ports adopt the USB 2.0 communication protocol to meet the requirements of multi-channel high sampling rate and high-precision pressure signal transmission.

[0222] The data acquisition card module is a high-performance multi-channel sensor data acquisition card, capable of acquiring data at least 4 channels with a 2kHz sampling rate and 16-bit resolution. The data acquisition card connects to the wellhead high-frequency pressure transmitter and computer via a data I / O port and signal transmission line to acquire wellhead pressure data and receive control and data transmissions from the computer.

[0223] The rechargeable power module is a high-capacity battery of 1600mA or above, which is connected to the data acquisition card and data I / O port to power the data acquisition card and the pressure transmitter through the signal transmission line.

[0224] The high-frequency pressure data acquisition process for water hammer pressure waves was conducted during well testing before the formal acquisition process began. Adjustments were made to the acquisition process and system based on signal characteristics and noise levels. The acquisition software was configured according to the signal and noise frequency bands, selecting different filters and filtering ranges. The software was also configured based on the pressure signal when there was no pressure in the wellbore to eliminate sensor zero drift. Finally, the placement of the acquisition system and the thickness of the shielding layer on the long shielded cable were adjusted based on the magnitude of electromagnetic interference from the pressure signal.

[0225] The formal acquisition process of high-frequency pressure wave water hammer pressure wave is to acquire high-frequency pressure signals for ten minutes from five minutes before the rapid change in pump flow rate during fracturing (e.g., the first sampling time period) to five minutes after the change (e.g., the second sampling time period), and to collect the pressure signals before and after the pressure change and at the moment of pressure change.

[0226] Specifically, in order to control the high-frequency pressure acquisition device, the data acquisition software used (e.g., the preset water hammer pressure signal processing software) has two interfaces: data acquisition and data playback. It allows users to freely set the location and name of the data acquisition and storage file, the acquisition channel, and the sampling rate, and displays the current pressure value in real time. It can also adaptively change the display range and display signal details according to the current pressure value. The acquired high-frequency pressure data is stored in a specified location on the hard disk, and the data is processed, displayed, and stored efficiently and stably. In data playback, the selected data file can be filtered and subjected to simple spectral analysis.

[0227] The data acquisition software performs preliminary processing on the current signal, eliminating sensor zero drift and some noise, and converts the current signal into an actual pressure signal. Based on this software, the acquisition section first transmits the high-frequency pressure and current signal to the computer via USB. The software obtains the raw current signal, saves the data in a specified location according to the set acquisition channels, number of acquisition channels, file path, name, and format. Simultaneously, it selects the necessary filters and sets the required filter frequency band based on signal characteristics and noise. After filtering, the software converts the raw signal according to the set pressure sensor range, converting the current signal into pressure data, and displays the pressure data as a pressure curve. In the data playback section, the software reads the data from the corresponding location according to the selected data name, converts the data according to the set pressure sensor range, and directly plots the pressure curve. It can also select the required filters and filter frequency bands to filter the signal, and perform Fourier transform on the filtered data to perform spectral analysis of the pressure signal.

[0228] Specifically, the pressure transmitter is a high-pressure, high-sampling-rate pressure transmitter with a 2202 or 1502 union connector. It features high temperature and high pressure resistance, high sampling rate, and high accuracy. It is installed at the wellhead near the wellbore section and must be located in front of the wellhead check valve.

[0229] In this scenario example, the specific implementation of the system workflow is as follows: First, install one or more pressure transmitters at the wellhead location to be monitored. Connect the pressure transmitters to the high-frequency pressure acquisition device using a long shielded cable. Then, connect the computer with the data acquisition software for fracturing pump shutdown water hammer pressure waves installed to the high-frequency pressure acquisition device via a signal transmission line. Next, select different power supply modes according to the on-site working environment. Direct power supply is selected when there is a stable 220V AC voltage. When there is no external power supply, a rechargeable power supply module is used. Then, open the fracturing pump shutdown water hammer pressure wave acquisition software, set the acquisition channel, sampling rate, file save location, etc., and start acquiring data and save the pressure data to the specified location. After the acquisition is completed, the data playback function can be used to filter and perform spectrum analysis on the data.

[0230] The signal transmission process is as follows: the high-frequency pressure transmitter converts the pressure value at the wellhead into an analog current signal, which is transmitted to the data acquisition card through the data input port via a long-frequency closed line. The analog current signal is converted into a digital signal by the data acquisition card, and the communication with the computer is completed by the data output port. The fracturing pump shutdown water hammer pressure wave data acquisition software converts it into a pressure value and stores it in the designated storage location.

[0231] For specific examples, please refer to Figure 11 As shown, the collected pressure data can be processed using data acquisition software to obtain an image of the water hammer pressure wave generated during a single fracturing operation at a fracturing site. The horizontal axis represents the duration of the water hammer, and the vertical axis represents the water hammer pressure.

[0232] In practical implementation, the pressure transmitter can simultaneously acquire high-frequency pressure and current signals from multiple fracturing wellheads. These signals are transmitted to the high-frequency pressure acquisition device via a long shielded cable. The thick rubber layer and shielding layer of the cable reduce electromagnetic interference and vibration at the fracturing wellhead in the long conductor. The transmission line, over 100m long, ensures high-precision pressure acquisition even when the instrument vehicle is far from the wellhead. The current signal is converted into a digital signal by a high-performance data acquisition card and transmitted to a computer. The data acquisition software for the fracturing pump shutdown water hammer pressure wave writes the data to the computer hard drive. The anti-electromagnetic interference and vibration-damping shell of the high-frequency pressure acquisition device effectively reduces the impact of electromagnetic fields at the fracturing site and vibrations caused by equipment such as pump trucks on the high-frequency pressure acquisition system during pump shutdown. The high-frequency pressure acquisition device has a rechargeable power module, enabling high-frequency pressure acquisition during pump shutdown even when there is no regulated power supply at the fracturing site.

[0233] In practical implementation, the above system solved the problem of the lack of a mature high-frequency pressure acquisition system for pump shutdown water hammer pressure waves at the fracturing site. It invented a high-frequency pressure acquisition system that can adapt to the conditions of simultaneous construction at multiple wellheads, electromagnetic field interference, vibration interference, lack of stable power supply, and long distance between the fracturing wellhead and the instrument vehicle. It has a complete process of sensor installation, signal transmission, and data storage.

[0234] The above scenario examples verify that the pump stop water shock wave pressure signal acquisition method, system, and device provided in this manual can adapt to complex hydraulic fracturing construction scenarios such as simultaneous construction at multiple wellheads, electromagnetic field interference and vibration interference at the fracturing site, lack of stable power supply, and long distance between the fracturing wellhead and the instrument vehicle. Furthermore, it provides a complete process for sensor installation, signal transmission, and data storage of the system, demonstrating high practicality and engineering application value.

[0235] While this specification provides the steps of operation for the methods described in the embodiments or flowcharts, more or fewer steps may be included based on conventional or non-inventive means. The order of steps listed in the embodiments is merely one possible order of execution among many steps and does not represent the only possible order. In actual device or client product execution, the methods shown in the embodiments or drawings may be executed sequentially or in parallel (e.g., in a parallel processor or multi-threaded processing environment, or even a distributed data processing environment). The terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, product, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, product, or apparatus. Without further limitations, the presence of other identical or equivalent elements in a process, method, product, or apparatus that includes said elements is not excluded. The terms "first," "second," etc., are used to denote names and do not indicate any particular order.

[0236] Those skilled in the art will also know that, besides implementing the controller using purely computer-readable program code, the same functions can be achieved by logically programming the method steps, making the controller function as logic gates, switches, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic controllers (PLCs), and embedded microcontrollers. Therefore, such a controller can be considered a hardware component, and the devices within it used to implement various functions can also be considered structures within that hardware component. Alternatively, the devices used to implement various functions can be considered as both software modules implementing the method and structures within a hardware component.

[0237] This specification can be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions that are executed by a computer, such as program modules. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, classes, etc., that perform a specific task or implement a specific abstract data type. This specification can also be practiced in distributed computing environments, where tasks are performed by remote processing devices connected via a communication network. In distributed computing environments, program modules can reside in local and remote computer-readable storage media, including storage devices.

[0238] As can be seen from the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that this specification can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions of this specification can essentially be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, mobile terminal, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments of this specification.

[0239] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. Each embodiment focuses on its differences from other embodiments. This specification can be used in numerous general-purpose or special-purpose computer system environments or configurations. Examples include: personal computers, server computers, handheld or portable devices, tablet devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set-top boxes, programmable electronic devices, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and distributed computing environments including any of the above systems or devices, etc.

[0240] Although this specification has been described by way of examples, those skilled in the art will recognize that many variations and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit of this specification, and it is intended that the appended claims cover such variations and modifications without departing from the spirit of this specification.

Claims

1. A method for acquiring a pump-off surge pressure signal, characterized by, The application is applied to a pump-off water hammer wave pressure signal acquisition system, and the system at least comprises a plurality of pressure transmitters, a vibration-proof and anti-interference data acquisition box, and a computer device; wherein, an electromagnetic shielding layer is arranged on the outside of the vibration-proof and anti-interference data acquisition box, and a power supply and a data acquisition card are arranged in the inside of the vibration-proof and anti-interference data acquisition box; the pressure transmitter is arranged at a position in front of a wellhead one-way valve of a wellbore section of a target well, and is connected with the data acquisition card through a preset shielding line passing through the vibration-proof and anti-interference data acquisition box; the data acquisition card is further connected with the computer device and the power supply; and the method comprises: In the process of pumping fracturing fluid into a target well by using a pump injection device according to a target fracturing scheme, the operating parameters of the pump injection device are monitored; According to the operating parameters of the pump injection device, a key time point is determined when the pump injection device is stopped; wherein, the key time point is the time when the fluid in the target well changes most after the pump is stopped; According to the key time point, a first sampling time period and a second sampling time period are determined; The water hammer wave pressure signals at corresponding positions in the target well are collected by using a plurality of pressure transmitters in the first sampling time period and the second sampling time period respectively, so as to obtain initial water hammer wave pressure signals; The initial water hammer wave pressure signals are processed by using a data acquisition card, so as to obtain corresponding intermediate water hammer wave pressure signals; The intermediate water hammer wave pressure signals are processed by using a computer device, so as to obtain target water hammer wave pressure signals meeting the requirements.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The inside of the vibration-proof and anti-interference data acquisition box further comprises a fixing plate; the fixing plate is used for fixing the power supply and the data acquisition card; A spring is further connected between the bottom of the vibration-proof and anti-interference data acquisition box and the fixing plate; wherein, a plurality of different positions of the spring along the length direction of the spring are respectively provided with buckles, and the bottom of the vibration-proof and anti-interference data acquisition box is further provided with a lock bolt matched with the buckles.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, An inner shell is fixedly arranged on the fixing plate, a fixing point of the data acquisition card is arranged at a middle position in the inner shell, and a heat conduction plate is arranged at a position adjacent to the fixing point of the data acquisition card; wherein, the heat conduction plate is connected with the inner wall of the inner shell; An air inlet is arranged on the side wall of the vibration-proof and anti-interference data acquisition box at a position adjacent to one end of the heat conduction plate, and an air outlet is arranged at a position away from the other end of the heat conduction plate; an air inlet fan is arranged at the air inlet, and an air outlet fan is arranged at the air outlet.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein, The method further comprises: According to the target fracturing scheme, a well test simulation pressure of the target well is determined; According to the well test simulation pressure, a pressurizing operation is performed on the target well, and a plurality of pressure transmitters are used to collect water hammer wave pressure signals at corresponding positions in the target well, so as to obtain initial well test signals; The initial well test signals are processed by using a data acquisition card, so as to obtain corresponding intermediate well test signals; According to the intermediate well test signals, a target interference signal of the target well is determined by using a computer device.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, The method further comprises: According to the target interference signal, a target filtering rule of the target well is determined by using a computer device, and zero drift correction is performed on the plurality of pressure transmitters according to the target interference signal. Correspondingly, the intermediate water hammer pressure signal is processed by the computer device to obtain a target water hammer pressure signal meeting the requirements, comprising: The intermediate water hammer pressure signal is filtered by the computer device based on a target filtering rule to obtain a filtered water hammer pressure signal; The filtered water hammer pressure signal is used to determine the target water hammer pressure signal meeting the requirements.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein, After the target interference signal of the target well is determined by the computer device based on the intermediate well testing signal, the method further comprises: The electromagnetic interference intensity of the target well is detected based on the target interference signal to determine whether the electromagnetic interference intensity is greater than a preset intensity threshold value; When the electromagnetic interference intensity of the target well is greater than the preset intensity threshold value, a replacement prompt information about the shielding wire and / or the anti-vibration and anti-interference data acquisition box is generated; The replacement prompt information is reached to the user.

7. The method of claim 3, wherein, The method further comprises: The vibration amplitude of the pump injection device during operation is monitored; When the vibration amplitude of the pump injection device during operation is greater than a preset first amplitude threshold value and less than or equal to a preset second amplitude threshold value, the lock catch engaged with the lock bolt on the spring is adjusted; When the vibration amplitude of the pump injection device during operation is greater than the preset second amplitude threshold value, a replacement prompt information about the anti-vibration and anti-interference data acquisition box is generated; and the replacement prompt information is reached to the user.

8. A pump-off surge pressure signal acquisition system, characterized by, At least comprising: A plurality of pressure transmitters, an anti-vibration and anti-interference data acquisition box, and a computer device; wherein, An electromagnetic shielding layer is arranged on the outside of the anti-vibration and anti-interference data acquisition box, and a power supply and a data acquisition card are arranged inside the anti-vibration and anti-interference data acquisition box; the pressure transmitters are arranged at a position in front of the wellhead check valve near the wellbore section in the target well, and are connected to the data acquisition card through the preset shielding wire passing through the anti-vibration and anti-interference data acquisition box; the data acquisition card is further connected to the computer device and the power supply; The plurality of pressure transmitters are used to collect initial water hammer pressure signals at corresponding positions in the target well during the pump stop in the hydraulic fracturing process of the target well, and send the initial water hammer pressure signals to the data acquisition card through the preset shielding wire; The data acquisition card is used to process the initial water hammer pressure signals to obtain corresponding intermediate water hammer pressure signals, and send the intermediate water hammer pressure signals to the computer device; The computer device is used to process the intermediate water hammer pressure signals to obtain a target water hammer pressure signal meeting the requirements.

9. A pump-off surge pressure signal acquisition device, characterized by The system at least comprises: a plurality of pressure transmitters, an anti-vibration and anti-interference data acquisition box, and a computer device; wherein, an electromagnetic shielding layer is arranged on the outside of the anti-vibration and anti-interference data acquisition box, and a power supply and a data acquisition card are arranged inside the anti-vibration and anti-interference data acquisition box; the pressure transmitters are arranged at a position in front of the wellhead check valve near the wellbore section in the target well, and are connected to the data acquisition card through the preset shielding wire passing through the anti-vibration and anti-interference data acquisition box; the data acquisition card is further connected to the computer device and the power supply; the device comprises: A monitoring module is configured to monitor operating parameters of the pumping device during hydraulic fracturing of the target well by pumping fracturing fluid into the target well by the pumping device according to a target fracturing plan; A first determining module is configured to determine a key time point when the pumping device stops pumping according to the operating parameters of the pumping device; wherein the key time point is a time point at which fluid in the target well changes most after the pumping device stops pumping; A second determining module is configured to determine a first sampling time period and a second sampling time period according to the key time point; A collecting module is configured to collect water hammer pressure signals at corresponding positions in the target well in the first sampling time period and the second sampling time period by using a plurality of pressure transmitters to obtain initial water hammer pressure signals; A first processing module is configured to process the initial water hammer pressure signals by using a data acquisition card to obtain corresponding intermediate water hammer pressure signals; A second processing module is configured to process the intermediate water hammer pressure signals by using a computer device to obtain target water hammer pressure signals meeting requirements.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, A computer program product has computer instructions stored thereon, and the instructions are executed by a processor to implement steps of the method in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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