Structure arrangement mode for gently inclined medium-thickness ore body mining based on remote control carry-scraper

Abstract

The invention discloses a structure arrangement mode for gently inclined medium-thickness ore body mining based on a remote control carry-scraper, which is characterized in that an uphill roadway (2) is arranged at the bottom of a panel interval column (1), a plurality of stopes (3) are arranged along the inclination direction of the uphill roadway (2), and a filling inclined roadway (4) is arranged at the top of the panel interval column (1); digging a filling combined roadway (5) towards the highest position of each stope (3) in the filling inclined roadway (4), and reserving a filling drill hole (6) at the end part of the filling combined roadway (5); a rock drilling roadway (7) is dug from the uphill roadway (2) to the bottom of each stope, a cutting raise (8) is arranged in the middle of each rock drilling roadway (7), and a cutting groove (9) is formed after the cutting raise (8) is exploded. The carry-scraper with a remote control or autonomous navigation function is adopted to enter the stope to carry ores, and personnel do not need to enter the stope to work, so that the safety risk is essentially eliminated; and meanwhile, the ore shoveling operation is performed in the ore receiving trench in a concentrated manner, so that the mining and cutting work amount is greatly reduced, and the mining cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of underground mining technology, specifically relating to a safe and efficient structural layout for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies. In particular, it relates to a structural layout for mining gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies using a loader equipped with remote control or autonomous navigation functions. This method can be widely used in underground mining of solid minerals such as ferrous, chemical, non-ferrous, gold, and coal mines. Background Technology

[0002] Gently dipping, medium-thick ore bodies refer to ore bodies with a dip angle of 5–30º and a thickness of 5–15 m. The mining of gently dipping, medium-thick ore bodies has long faced technical challenges in ore transportation. Due to the gentle dip angle of the ore body, collapsed ore cannot be easily discharged by its own weight; traditional methods often employ electric scrapers or loaders for ore transportation.

[0003] Although electric scraper haulage equipment has a simple structure and low initial investment, it has many drawbacks. For example, the scraper track is prone to damage during frequent operation, making maintenance difficult, and its haulage efficiency is low with high energy consumption. Furthermore, manual entry into the mining area is required during operation, posing significant safety hazards. These problems have led to the gradual restriction of the use of electric scraper haulage technology, which has been included in the restricted technology category of the "Catalogue of Mineral Resource Conservation and Comprehensive Utilization Technologies."

[0004] Loaders, with their advantages of maneuverability, high production capacity, and low operating costs, have become the preferred equipment for ore handling in modern underground mines. However, the application of loaders still faces significant challenges in the mining of gently dipping, medium-thick ore bodies. Direct entry into the stope poses a risk of equipment rollover due to the gentle dip of the ore body, and the large exposed roof area above the work area increases the probability of collapse accidents, threatening the safety of personnel and equipment. While the traditional footwall layout can reduce the risks of direct entry into the stope, it requires additional construction of ore access roadways, loading access roads, and trenches, leading to a significant increase in mining and cutting work and a substantial rise in mining costs.

[0005] Currently, the mining of gently dipping, medium-thick ore bodies faces a dilemma: traditional electric scraper methods are limited in their handling, direct operation of loaders is unsafe, and the bottom structure layout is economically inefficient. With the development of remote-controlled and autonomous navigation loader technologies, a new structural layout is urgently needed to achieve safe, efficient, and low-cost ore handling, thereby promoting the modern mining of gently dipping, medium-thick ore bodies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention addresses the challenges of ore transportation in gently dipping, medium-thick ore bodies due to the unique dip angle and thickness. Traditional methods like electric scrapers are limited, and direct entry of loaders into the stope presents safety and efficiency issues. While constructing a bottom structure on the footwall for ore extraction using loaders is feasible, it involves significant engineering work and high mining costs. This invention aims to solve the ore transportation difficulties in gently dipping, medium-thick ore body mining by providing a structural layout method based on remote-controlled loaders. Using loaders with remote control or autonomous navigation capabilities, the ore loading and transportation can be completed directly within the ore-receiving trench in the stope. Personnel do not need to enter the stope, fundamentally eliminating safety risks. Furthermore, since operations are concentrated within the ore-receiving trench, there is no need to construct additional ore extraction roadways and loading routes, significantly reducing the amount of mining work and effectively lowering mining costs.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives of this invention, the present invention provides a structural layout method for mining gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies based on remote-controlled loaders. Its key feature is the implementation of the following technical solution: the ore body is divided into panels as mining units; a panel inter-pillar is left on one side of the panel; an uphill roadway is arranged at the bottom of the panel inter-pillar; several stopes are arranged along the dip direction of the uphill roadway; and a filling inclined roadway is arranged at the top of the panel inter-pillar; a filling connecting roadway is excavated within the filling inclined roadway towards the highest point of each stope; filling boreholes are pre-reserved at the ends of the filling connecting roadway; and filling boreholes are excavated within the uphill roadway towards each stope. The bottom of the mining area is excavated with rock-drilling tunnels, and cutting risers are arranged in the middle of the tunnels. After blasting, the cutting risers form cutting grooves, and mining is carried out in a retreating manner with the cutting grooves as the free face at both ends of the mining area. The blasted ore falls into the ore-receiving trench formed by the blasting in the rock-drilling tunnels, and is shoveled into the pass using a loader with remote control or autonomous navigation functions. The length of the panel is 50-200m, with the column width between panels being 10-30m. The dip length of the panel is 50-200m, and it is divided into sections along the dip with a section height of 8-15m. After all the blasted ore in the mining area has been transported, the filling slurry enters the mining area through filling inclined tunnels, filling connecting tunnels, and filling boreholes. The above process is repeated, and the remaining mining areas in the panel are mined and filled alternately from bottom to top.

[0008] Preferably, the angle of the filling inclined tunnel is in the range of 5 to 30°, with 10 to 22° being more appropriate; the spacing between the filling connecting tunnels is in the range of 15 to 50m, with 20 to 35m being more appropriate.

[0009] Preferably, the width of the cutting groove ranges from 2.0 to 4.0 m, and the length ranges from 15 to 50 m.

[0010] Preferably, the distance between the rock drilling tunnel and the bottom plate of the mining area is 1.2 to 3.5 m, with 1.5 to 3.0 m being more preferred.

[0011] This invention relates to a structural layout for mining gently inclined, medium-thick ore bodies using remote-controlled loaders. It employs loaders equipped with remote control or autonomous navigation capabilities as transport equipment, directly loading and transporting ore within the receiving trench of the stope. Personnel are not required to enter the stope, fundamentally eliminating safety risks. Furthermore, since operations are concentrated within the receiving trench (the original drilling roadway), there is no need to construct additional ore outlet roadways and loading routes, significantly reducing the amount of mining work and substantially lowering mining costs. This achieves the goals of safe, efficient, and low-cost mining. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0012] (1) Enhanced inherent safety. The use of remote control / autonomous navigation for loader operation completely eliminates the safety risks of roof collapse and overturning caused by personnel entering the mining area; the centralized operation mode in the mining trench controls the range of equipment activity within the reinforced roadway, reducing the exposed area of ​​the roof; the spatial isolation between the filling process and the mining process avoids the rock displacement hazards caused by the exposure of the goaf.

[0013] (2) Optimization of mining efficiency. The integrated design of the drilling roadway and the receiving trench enables seamless connection of the "drilling and blasting-loading" process; the remote-controlled loader can operate continuously for 24 hours, and the equipment utilization rate is increased by more than 40% compared with the traditional mode; the retreat mining combined with the free face design of the cutting groove increases the blasting efficiency by about 30%.

[0014] (3) Significant economic benefits. The amount of mining and cutting work is reduced by more than 40% (auxiliary works such as ore extraction roadways and ore loading access roads are eliminated); the mining preparation cycle is shortened by about 50%, and the panel connection time is optimized year-on-year; the filling system adopts gravity flow design, which reduces energy consumption and pipeline maintenance costs.

[0015] (4) Wide technical adaptability: The applicable dip angle range is extended to 5-30°, covering typical gently dipping ore body conditions; the thickness adaptability zone is extended to 5-15m, solving the mining problem of medium and thick ore bodies; it is applicable to various rock mass conditions, and the stability requirements can be met by adjusting the support parameters. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a front view of the structural layout for mining gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies based on a remote-controlled loader, according to the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the structural layout for mining gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies based on a remote-controlled loader, according to the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a top view of the structural layout of the gently inclined medium-thick ore body mining method based on the remote-controlled loader of the present invention.

[0019] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1-Interval pillar; 2-Uphill roadway; 3-Mining area; 4-Filling inclined roadway; 5-Filling connecting roadway; 6-Filling borehole; 7-Rock drilling roadway; 8-Cutting riser; 9-Cutting groove; 10-Ore; 11-Pass ore. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To describe the present invention more clearly and completely, the structural layout of the mining of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies based on a remote-controlled loader will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Depend on Figure 1 The diagram shows the front view of the structural layout of the invention based on a remote-controlled loader for mining gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies, combined with... Figure 2 , Figure 3 As can be seen, in the embodiments, the structural layout of the present invention based on remote-controlled loader for mining gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies is implemented through the following process steps:

[0022] The ore body is divided into panels as mining units. A panel pillar 1 is left on one side of each panel. An uphill roadway 2 is arranged at the bottom of the panel pillar 1. Four to eight stopes 3 are arranged along the dip direction of the uphill roadway 2. A filling inclined roadway 4 is arranged at the top of the panel pillar 1, with an angle ranging from 5 to 30°. The spacing between filling connecting roadways 5 ranges from 15 to 50 meters. Filling connecting roadways 5 are excavated from the filling inclined roadway 4 towards the highest point of each stope 3, with filling boreholes 6 pre-reserved at the ends of the connecting roadways 5. Drilling roadways 7 are excavated from the uphill roadway 2 towards the bottom of each stope, controlling the distance between the drilling roadway 7 and the stope floor to be 1.2 to 3.5 meters. 7. A cutting well 8 is arranged in the middle. After the cutting well 8 is blasted, a cutting groove 9 is formed. The width of the cutting groove 9 is controlled to be 2.0-4.0m and the length is controlled to be 15-50m. The cutting groove 9 is used as the free face to retreat to both ends of the mining area. The ore (10) after blasting falls into the ore-receiving trench formed after blasting in the rock drilling roadway 7. It is then shoveled to the ore pass 11 by a shovel with remote control or autonomous navigation function. The length of the panel is 50-200m, of which the width of the column (1) between the panels is 10-30m. The dip length of the panel is 50-200m, and it is divided into sections along the dip with a section height of 8-15m.

[0023] The specific steps of the structural layout method for mining gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies based on remote-controlled loaders in this invention are as follows:

[0024] 1) See Figure 1The ore body is divided into panels as mining units, with each panel ranging from 50 to 200 meters in length. One inter-panel pillar, 10 to 30 meters wide, is left on one side of each panel. (See also...) Figure 2 An uphill roadway 2 is arranged at the bottom of the panel column 1, and several mining areas 3 are arranged along the dip direction of the uphill roadway. The mining area height is 8-15m, and a filling inclined roadway 4 is arranged at the top of the panel column 1.

[0025] 2) See Figure 2 Within the filling inclined roadway 4, a filling connecting roadway 5 is excavated towards the highest point of each mining area 3; see also Figure 3 Filling borehole 6 is reserved at the end of the filling tunnel 5;

[0026] 3) See Figure 2 Within the uphill tunnel 2, excavate rock-drilling tunnels 7 towards the bottom of each mining area, and arrange cutting wells 8 in the middle of the rock-drilling tunnels 7; see also Figure 1 After the blasting of the cutting well 8, a cutting groove 9 is formed, and the cutting groove 9 is used as the free surface for backward mining at both ends;

[0027] 4) See Figure 3 After blasting, the ore 10 falls into the rock drilling tunnel 7 and is shoveled into the ore pass 11 by a loader equipped with remote control or autonomous navigation.

[0028] 5) See Figure 2 After all the ore 10 blasted in mining area 3 has been transported, the filling slurry enters mining area 3 through filling inclined roadway 4, filling connecting roadway 5 and filling borehole 6.

[0029] 6) Repeat steps 2), 3), 4) and 5) alternately from bottom to top to mine and fill the remaining mining areas 3 in the panel area.

[0030] This invention employs a loader equipped with remote control or autonomous navigation to transport ore in the mining area, eliminating the need for personnel to enter the mining area and thus fundamentally eliminating safety risks. At the same time, ore loading operations are concentrated in the receiving trench (using the original rock drilling roadway), and there is no need to set up separate ore outlet roadways and ore loading routes, which greatly reduces the amount of mining and cutting work and lowers mining costs, enabling safe and efficient mining of gently dipping medium-thick ore bodies.

[0031] This invention has been successfully applied in several underground iron mines in Anhui Province. Field verification shows that this layout method, through the deep integration of structural innovation and intelligent equipment, reduces the ore cutting ratio by more than 40% while ensuring safety, and reduces energy consumption per ton of ore by about 25% compared to traditional methods. It meets the requirements of green mining and reduces the overall cost of mining gently dipping medium-thick ore bodies by more than 35%, providing a standardized solution for the efficient development of similar ore bodies.

Claims

1. A structural arrangement for the extraction of gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies based on remote-controlled scrapers, characterised in that The technical scheme is as follows: a mineral body is divided into panels as a mining unit, a panel-to-panel pillar (1) is arranged at one side of the panel, an upward drift (2) is arranged at the bottom of the panel-to-panel pillar (1), a plurality of stopes (3) are arranged along the inclination direction of the upward drift (2), and a filling inclined drift (4) is arranged at the top of the panel-to-panel pillar (1); a filling connecting drift (5) is excavated in the filling inclined drift (4) to the highest position of each stope (3), and a filling drilling hole (6) is reserved at the end of the filling connecting drift (5); a rock roadway (7) is excavated in the upward drift (2) to the bottom of each stope, a cutting raise (8) is arranged in the middle of the rock roadway (7), a cutting groove (9) is formed after the cutting raise (8) is blasted, and the cutting groove (9) is used as a free surface to retreatably mine the stope from both ends; the blasted ore (10) falls into a mined-out valley formed after blasting in the rock roadway (7), and is loaded into a draw shaft (11) by a shovel-truck with remote control or autonomous navigation function; the panel has a length of 50-200 m, wherein the panel-to-panel pillar (1) has a width of 10-30 m; the panel has an inclination length of 50-200 m, and is divided into sections along the inclination, and each section has a height of 8-15 m.

2. The structural arrangement for the extraction of gently inclined medium thick ore bodies based on remote-controlled scrapers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle of the filling inclined drift (4) ranges from 5 to 30 degrees, and the spacing of the filling connecting drift (5) ranges from 15 to 50 m.

3. The structural arrangement for the extraction of gently inclined medium thick ore bodies based on remote-controlled scrapers according to claim 2, characterized in that: The angle of the filling inclined drift (4) ranges from 10 to 22 degrees, and the spacing of the filling connecting drift (5) ranges from 20 to 35 m.

4. The structural arrangement for the extraction of gently inclined medium thick ore bodies based on remote-controlled scrapers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the cutting groove (9) ranges from 2.0 to 4.0 m, and the length ranges from 15 to 50 m.

5. The structural arrangement for the extraction of gently inclined medium thick ore bodies based on remote-controlled scrapers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the rock roadway (7) and the stope floor ranges from 1.2 to 3.5 m.

6. The structural arrangement for the mining of gently inclined medium thick ore bodies based on remote-controlled scrapers according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The width of the cutting groove (9) ranges from 2.0 to 4.0 m, and the length ranges from 15 to 50 m; the distance between the rock roadway (7) and the stope floor ranges from 1.5 to 3.0 m.

7. The structural arrangement for the extraction of gently inclined medium thick ore bodies based on remote-controlled scrapers according to claim 6, characterized in that: The number of the stopes (3) arranged along the inclination direction of the upward drift (2) ranges from 4 to 8.

Images