Pre-cooling heat exchanger of engine

Abstract

The invention discloses an engine precooling heat exchanger, and relates to the technical field of high-speed engine precooling heat exchangers. The engine pre-cooling heat exchanger comprises a heat exchange cylinder, the heat exchange cylinder comprises a plurality of heat dissipation winding plates which are sequentially stacked, a total flow channel is formed between every two adjacent heat dissipation winding plates, the total flow channels in the odd number layers are gas flow channels, the total flow channels in the even number layers are cooling liquid flow channels, flow inlets of the total flow channels are located in the outer sides of the heat dissipation winding plates, and flow outlets of the total flow channels are located in the outer sides of the cooling winding plates. Outlets of the main flow channels are located in the inner sides of the heat dissipation winding plates. The heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of high-speed engine precooling heat exchanger technology, and more specifically, to an engine precooling heat exchanger. Background Technology

[0002] The combined-cycle air precooler is a core heat exchange component used in hypersonic vehicles (such as spaceplanes and combined-cycle engines). Its task is to rapidly cool the high-temperature air in the intake air under extreme high-temperature environments through efficient heat exchange technology, thereby ensuring the normal and efficient operation of critical components such as turbines and combustion chambers. Its working principle typically involves passing the intake air through compact and efficient microchannels in the precooler, where cryogenic fuel (such as liquid hydrogen) or coolant rapidly removes heat from the air, achieving significant cooling. Especially when the aircraft's flight speed reaches Mach 3 or higher, the turbine and engine inlet air temperature is high, the flow rate is large, and the intake air heat dissipation demand reaches megawatt levels, resulting in extremely high heat flux density for the precooler itself. Its heat dissipation process directly affects the engine's boost efficiency, thrust-to-weight ratio, operating range, and reliability.

[0003] Currently, existing combined-power air precoolers in the industry all adopt a plate-type structure design, which consists of several plates with microchannels spliced ​​or stacked to form the core heat exchange area. This type of plate-type structure generally has a short air intake path, resulting in insufficient residence time of high-temperature air within the microchannels. Consequently, heat cannot be fully transferred to the cooling medium, limiting the heat exchange efficiency per unit volume. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide an engine precooling heat exchanger that can improve the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.

[0005] The embodiments of this application are implemented as follows: This application provides an engine precooling heat exchanger, including a heat exchange cylinder. The heat exchange cylinder includes a plurality of heat dissipation coiled plates stacked sequentially. A main flow channel is formed between two adjacent heat dissipation coiled plates. The main flow channel in odd-numbered layers is a gas flow channel, and the main flow channel in even-numbered layers is a coolant flow channel. The inlet of the main flow channel is located outside the heat dissipation coiled plate, and the outlet of the main flow channel is located inside the heat dissipation coiled plate.

[0006] Optionally, as an implementable method, both sides of the heat dissipation winding plate are provided with guide grooves, and the grooves of two adjacent heat dissipation winding plates are joined to form the main flow channel, and the guide grooves extend along the winding direction of the heat dissipation winding plate.

[0007] Optionally, as an implementable method, a turbulence column is provided in the gas flow channel, and the turbulence column connects two adjacent heat dissipation winding plates.

[0008] Optionally, as an implementable method, the coolant flow channel includes a plurality of sub-flow channels that are connected in parallel and extend along the winding direction of the heat dissipation winding plate, and a gas guide groove is formed on the surface of the heat dissipation winding plate forming the gas flow channel, the gas guide groove being located between two adjacent sub-flow channels.

[0009] Alternatively, as an implementable approach, multiple sub-channels may be spaced apart.

[0010] Optionally, as an implementable method, when the turbulence column is provided in the gas flow channel, the turbulence column is located between two adjacent gas guide channels.

[0011] Alternatively, as an implementable method, the cross-sectional area of ​​the turbulence columns located between the gas guide channels is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the turbulence columns located on both sides of the gas guide channels.

[0012] Optionally, as an implementable method, the coolant flow channel further includes a main flow channel that connects the plurality of sub-flow channels respectively, the main flow channel being parallel to the central axis of the heat dissipation coil plate.

[0013] Optionally, as an implementable method, multiple heat dissipation coils are stacked to form a heat dissipation module, the heat dissipation module comprising multiple heat dissipation modules, the inlets of the main flow channels of the multiple heat dissipation modules being spaced apart on the outer side, and the outlets of the main flow channels of the multiple heat dissipation modules being spaced apart on the inner side.

[0014] Alternatively, as one possible implementation, the heat dissipation coil is formed by winding a plate.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of this application include: The engine precooling heat exchanger provided in this application includes a heat exchange cylinder, which comprises multiple sequentially stacked heat dissipation coiled plates. A main flow channel is formed between adjacent heat dissipation coiled plates. The odd-numbered layers of the main flow channel are gas flow channels, and the even-numbered layers are coolant flow channels. The inlet of the main flow channel is located outside the heat dissipation coiled plates, and the outlet is located inside the heat dissipation coiled plates. Compared to the straight flow channels of traditional plate-type structures, the use of stacked heat dissipation coiled plates to form the flow channel significantly extends the flow path of the high-temperature intake air, increases the residence time of the high-temperature air in the flow channel, and allows heat to be fully transferred to the cooling medium, significantly improving the heat exchange efficiency per unit volume. The alternating arrangement of odd-numbered gas flow channels and even-numbered coolant flow channels forms a highly efficient cross-flow or counter-flow heat exchange structure, increasing the temperature difference between the hot and cold fluids and enhancing the heat exchange driving force. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the engine precooling heat exchanger provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a second schematic diagram of the structure of the engine precooling heat exchanger provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is the third schematic diagram of the engine precooling heat exchanger provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0018] Icons: 100 - Engine precooling heat exchanger; 110 - Heat dissipation coil plate; 111 - Flow guide channel; 1111 - Gas flow guide channel; 120 - Main flow channel; 121 - Gas flow channel; 122 - Coolant flow channel; 130 - Baffle column; Detailed Implementation To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0019] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0021] In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0022] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 This embodiment provides an engine precooling heat exchanger 100, including a heat exchange cylinder. The heat exchange cylinder includes a plurality of heat dissipation coiled plates 110 stacked sequentially. A general flow channel 120 is formed between two adjacent heat dissipation coiled plates 110. The odd-numbered general flow channels 120 are gas flow channels 121, and the even-numbered general flow channels 120 are coolant flow channels 122. The inlet of the general flow channel 120 is located outside the heat dissipation coiled plates 110, and the outlet of the general flow channel 120 is located inside the heat dissipation coiled plates 110.

[0023] Specifically, the engine precooling heat exchanger 100 of this application includes a core component consisting of multiple sequentially stacked heat dissipation coiled plates 110. Each heat dissipation coiled plate 110 is coaxially arranged with uniform and fixed stacking gaps. The opposing walls of two adjacent heat dissipation coiled plates 110 enclose a closed main flow channel 120. Counting along the stacking direction, the main flow channels 120 of odd-numbered layers are defined as gas flow channels 121, used to circulate high-temperature intake air to be cooled (such as high-temperature air at the engine inlet of a hypersonic vehicle); the main flow channels 120 of even-numbered layers are defined as coolant flow channels 122, used to circulate cryogenic cooling media (such as liquid hydrogen or a special coolant). The inlets of the main flow channel 120 are all located on the outer circumferential surface of the heat dissipation coil plate 110, and the coolant flow channel 122 is connected to the external coolant delivery pipeline. The outlets of the main flow channel 120 are all located on the inner circumferential surface of the heat dissipation coil plate 110, and are connected to the engine intake manifold and the coolant recovery pipeline, respectively. That is, the gas flow channel 121 and the coolant flow channel 122 both extend in the shape of an Archimedean spiral.

[0024] During supersonic flight, high-temperature intake air enters the odd-numbered layer total flow channel 120 through the outer inlet of the gas flow channel 121, flows radially inward along the cylindrical structure, and finally exits from the inner outlet and enters the subsequent components of the engine. At the same time, cryogenic coolant enters the even-numbered layer total flow channel 120 through the outer inlet of the coolant flow channel 122, and also flows radially inward (or is designed to flow in the opposite direction according to actual needs). During the flow, the high-temperature intake air and coolant exchange heat through the wall of the heat dissipation winding plate 110. The heat of the high-temperature intake air is quickly absorbed by the coolant, achieving cooling. After heat exchange, the coolant is discharged from the inner outlet and undergoes subsequent circulation or treatment.

[0025] The engine precooling heat exchanger 100 provided in this application includes a heat exchange cylinder, which comprises multiple sequentially stacked heat dissipation coiled plates 110. A general flow channel 120 is formed between adjacent heat dissipation coiled plates 110. Odd-numbered general flow channels 120 are gas flow channels 121, and even-numbered general flow channels 120 are coolant flow channels 122. The inlet of the general flow channel 120 is located outside the heat dissipation coiled plates 110, and the outlet of the general flow channel 120 is located inside the heat dissipation coiled plates 110. Compared to the straight flow channels of traditional plate-type structures, the use of stacked heat dissipation coiled plates 110 to form the flow channel significantly extends the flow path of the high-temperature intake air, increases the residence time of the high-temperature air in the flow channel, and allows heat to be fully transferred to the cooling medium, significantly improving the heat exchange efficiency per unit volume. This can meet the megawatt-level heat dissipation requirements of aircraft with Mach numbers of 3 and above. The odd-numbered gas flow channels 121 and the even-numbered coolant flow channels 122 are arranged alternately to form an efficient cross-flow or counter-flow heat exchange structure, which increases the temperature difference between the hot and cold fluids and enhances the heat exchange driving force. The layout with the inlet on the outside and the outlet on the inside makes the fluid flow direction consistent with the radial direction of the cylindrical structure, avoids the fluid from generating eddies and stagnation in the flow channel, and reduces flow resistance.

[0026] In one possible embodiment of this application, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, both sides of the heat dissipation winding plate 110 are provided with flow guide grooves 111. The grooves of the flow guide grooves 111 on two adjacent heat dissipation winding plates 110 are joined to form a total flow channel 120. The flow guide grooves 111 extend along the winding direction of the heat dissipation winding plate 110.

[0027] Specifically, the two opposing walls of the heat dissipation coil 110 (i.e., the two sides that fit against adjacent heat dissipation coil 110) are integrally formed with flow guide grooves 111. The cross-sectional shape of the flow guide grooves 111 can be designed as U-shaped, V-shaped, or arc-shaped according to the heat exchange requirements, and the groove width and depth are set according to the fluid flow rate and heat exchange area requirements. When multiple heat dissipation coil 110s are stacked sequentially, the flow guide grooves 111 on two adjacent heat dissipation coil 110 correspond one-to-one and their openings face each other, splicing together to form a closed total flow channel 120. The key design is that the flow guide grooves 111 extend along the winding direction of the heat dissipation coil 110, that is, the extension trajectory of the flow guide grooves 111 is consistent with the circumferential tangent direction of the heat dissipation coil 110. By setting guide grooves 111 on both sides of the heat dissipation winding plate 110, the overall flow channel 120 formed by splicing has a clear flow trajectory, which can limit the diffusion range of the fluid, avoid disordered flow of high-temperature air intake and coolant in the flow channel, ensure that the fluid flows closely to the heat dissipation plate wall, and improve heat exchange stability. The guide grooves 111 extend along the winding direction of the heat dissipation winding plate 110, so that the fluid flows in the circumferential tangential direction. Compared with radial straight flow, this further extends the flow path, increases the heat exchange time of hot and cold fluids, and improves the heat exchange efficiency.

[0028] After the high-temperature intake air enters the gas flow channel 121, it flows along the winding direction of the heat dissipation winding plate 110 under the guidance of the guide groove 111, which extends the path length of the intake air in the flow channel. Similarly, the coolant flows along the same extension direction under the guidance of the guide groove 111 of the coolant flow channel 122. During the flow, the guide groove 111 restricts the diffusion range of the fluid, so that the fluid can flow closely against the wall of the heat dissipation winding plate 110, ensuring that heat exchange is fully carried out.

[0029] In one possible embodiment of this application, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a turbulence column 130 is provided in the gas flow channel 121, and the turbulence column 130 connects two adjacent heat dissipation coil plates 110.

[0030] Specifically, baffles are provided on both sides of the gas flow channel 121 along the axial direction of the heat exchange cylinder. Multiple turbulence-inducing columns 130 are evenly arranged inside the gas flow channel 121. The turbulence-inducing columns 130 are columnar structures made of the same material as the heat dissipation coiled plate 110 (such as a high-temperature alloy). Their two ends are fixedly connected to the opposing walls of two adjacent heat dissipation coiled plates 110 (the connection method can be welding, integral molding, etc.), forming a supporting effect on the adjacent heat dissipation coiled plates 110. The arrangement density of the turbulence-inducing columns 130 is set according to the gas flow velocity and heat exchange requirements, and can be distributed in an array. The arrangement of the turbulence-inducing columns 130 breaks the laminar flow state of the high-temperature intake gas, increases the convective heat transfer coefficient between the gas and the heat dissipation plate wall, and significantly improves the heat exchange efficiency. Furthermore, the baffles along the winding direction of the heat dissipation coiled plate 110 are located in the middle section of the gas flow channel 121.

[0031] In addition, the supporting effect of the baffle column 130 can enhance the stability of the stacked structure of multiple heat dissipation coils 110 and avoid structural deformation under high temperature and high pressure environment.

[0032] In one possible embodiment of this application, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the coolant flow channel 122 includes multiple sub-flow channels that are connected in parallel and extend along the winding direction of the heat dissipation winding plate 110. A gas guide groove 1111 is provided on the surface of the heat dissipation winding plate 110 that forms the gas flow channel 121. The gas guide groove 1111 is located between two adjacent sub-flow channels.

[0033] Specifically, a gas guide groove 1111 is provided on the surface of the heat dissipation coil plate 110 that forms the gas flow channel 121 (i.e. the wall surface in contact with the gas). The extension direction of the gas guide groove 1111 is consistent with that of the sub-flow channel, and the gas guide groove 1111 is located at the corresponding position between two adjacent sub-flow channels, forming a staggered correspondence of "one sub-flow channel corresponds to one gas guide groove 1111", which reduces the wall thickness between the gas guide groove 1111 and the sub-flow channel and further improves the heat exchange efficiency.

[0034] After entering the main channel through the inlet of the coolant flow channel 122, the coolant flows axially and is evenly distributed into multiple parallel sub-channels. The coolant in each sub-channel flows along the winding direction to achieve large-area uniform cooling. The high-temperature intake air flows into the gas guide groove 1111. Since the gas guide groove 1111 is misaligned with the sub-channels, the heat of the high-temperature intake air can be directly transferred to the coolant in the adjacent sub-channels through the wall of the heat dissipation winding plate 110. The heat exchange path is short and precise, further improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0035] In one possible embodiment of this application, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, multiple sub-channels are spaced apart.

[0036] Specifically, multiple sub-channels are evenly spaced along the axial direction of the heat dissipation coil plate 110, with equal spacing between adjacent sub-channels. This allows for the placement of gas guide grooves 1111 between the spaced sub-channels, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency.

[0037] In one possible embodiment of this application, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, when a turbulence column 130 is provided in the gas flow channel 121, the turbulence column 130 is located between two adjacent gas guide channels 1111.

[0038] Specifically, the turbulence column 130 is located between two adjacent gas guide channels 1111 to ensure stable support for the two adjacent heat dissipation winding plates 110.

[0039] Furthermore, the cross-sectional area of ​​the turbulence columns 130 located between the gas guide channels 1111 is smaller than that of the turbulence columns 130 located on both sides of the gas guide channels 1111. The turbulence columns 130 with larger cross-sectional areas ensure a stable connection between the two adjacent heat dissipation coiled plates 110, while also enhancing heat transfer.

[0040] In one possible embodiment of this application, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the coolant flow channel 122 also includes a main flow channel that connects multiple sub-flow channels, and the main flow channel extends axially along the heat dissipation coil plate 110.

[0041] The coolant flow channel 122 includes a main flow channel and multiple sub-flow channels. The main flow channel is divided into an inlet main flow channel and an outlet main flow channel, both extending axially along the heat dissipation coil 110 (parallel to the central axis of the heat dissipation coil 110). One end of the inlet main flow channel is connected to the inlet of the coolant flow channel 122, and the other end is connected to one end of each of the multiple sub-flow channels, realizing coolant diversion. One end of the outlet main flow channel is connected to the other end of each of the multiple sub-flow channels, and the other end is connected to the outlet of the coolant flow channel 122, realizing coolant convergence. The cross-sectional area of ​​the main flow channel is larger than that of the sub-flow channels, ensuring that the coolant can be quickly distributed to each sub-flow channel, and there is no significant pressure loss during convergence. After entering the inlet main flow channel from the inlet, the coolant flows rapidly axially and is evenly distributed to each sub-flow channel, which extends along an Archimedean spiral. After heat exchange in the sub-flow channels, the coolant flows to the outlet main flow channel, and after being collected, it is discharged from the outlet. The axially extended main channel shortens the coolant distribution path, improves coolant flow efficiency, and is suitable for high-flow heat dissipation needs.

[0042] In one possible embodiment of this application, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, multiple heat dissipation coils 110 are stacked to form a heat dissipation module. The heat dissipation module includes multiple heat dissipation modules. The inlets of the main flow channel 120 of the multiple heat dissipation modules are spaced apart on the outer side, and the outlets of the main flow channel 120 of the multiple heat dissipation modules are spaced apart on the inner side.

[0043] Specifically, multiple heat dissipation coils 110 are stacked to form an independent heat dissipation module. Multiple heat dissipation modules can be configured according to the engine's heat dissipation requirements, and these modules can be stacked coaxially or arranged side-by-side. A key design feature is that the inlets of the main flow channels 120 for the multiple heat dissipation modules are spaced apart on the outer circumferential surface, ensuring they do not interfere with each other. By configuring multiple heat dissipation modules to work collaboratively, the number of modules can be flexibly adjusted according to the heat dissipation requirements of different engine models and flight conditions, without requiring a redesign of the overall structure, significantly improving the product's versatility and adaptability.

[0044] In one possible embodiment of this application, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the heat dissipation winding plate 110 is formed by winding the plate body.

[0045] The heat dissipation coiled plate 110 is manufactured using a plate winding forming process. The plate is a flat metal sheet (such as a high-temperature alloy plate or a copper alloy plate), and the thickness of the plate is set according to the heat exchange requirements and structural strength. The coiled cylindrical structure has good overall integrity and high structural strength, and can withstand thermal stress under extreme working conditions.

[0046] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An engine precooling heat exchanger, characterized in that, The device includes a heat exchange cylinder, which comprises a plurality of heat dissipation coiled plates stacked sequentially. A main flow channel is formed between two adjacent heat dissipation coiled plates. The main flow channel in odd-numbered layers is a gas flow channel, and the main flow channel in even-numbered layers is a coolant flow channel. The inlet of the main flow channel is located outside the heat dissipation coiled plate, and the outlet of the main flow channel is located inside the heat dissipation coiled plate.

2. The engine precooling heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both sides of the heat dissipation winding plate are provided with flow guide grooves. The flow guide grooves on two adjacent heat dissipation winding plates are joined together to form the main flow channel. The flow guide grooves extend along the winding direction of the heat dissipation winding plate.

3. The engine precooling heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, A turbulence column is provided inside the gas flow channel, and the turbulence column connects two adjacent heat dissipation winding plates.

4. The engine precooling heat exchanger according to claim 3, characterized in that, The coolant flow channel includes multiple sub-flow channels that are connected in parallel and extend along the winding direction of the heat dissipation winding plate. A gas guide groove is formed on the surface of the heat dissipation winding plate that forms the gas flow channel. The gas guide groove is located between two adjacent sub-flow channels.

5. The engine precooling heat exchanger according to claim 4, characterized in that, Multiple sub-channels are spaced apart.

6. The engine precooling heat exchanger according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the turbulence column is installed in the gas flow channel, the turbulence column is located between two adjacent gas guide channels.

7. The engine precooling heat exchanger according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cross-sectional area of ​​the turbulence columns located between the gas guide channels is smaller than that of the turbulence columns located on both sides of the gas guide channels.

8. The engine precooling heat exchanger according to claim 4, characterized in that, The coolant flow channel also includes a main flow channel that connects the multiple sub-flow channels, and the main flow channel is parallel to the central axis of the heat dissipation coil plate.

9. The engine precooling heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple heat dissipation coils are stacked to form a heat dissipation module. The heat dissipation module includes multiple heat dissipation modules. The inlets of the main flow channels of the multiple heat dissipation modules are spaced apart on the outer side, and the outlets of the main flow channels of the multiple heat dissipation modules are spaced apart on the inner side.

10. The engine precooling heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat dissipation winding plate is formed by winding a plate.

Images