Testing device of air bearing and testing method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a testing device and a testing method of an air bearing, and relates to the technical field of air bearing production, and the testing device of the air bearing comprises a testing table which is used for guaranteeing the testing stability; the driving unit comprises a test shaft rotationally connected to the test bench; the load test unit is used for detecting the radial load and the axial load of the test shaft; the loading unit comprises a supporting ring and a side hydraulic cylinder, the supporting ring is fixedly connected to the testing shaft in a sleeving mode, and the supporting ring is rotationally connected with a rotating ring base in a sleeving mode; a loading block is arranged at the telescopic end of the side hydraulic cylinder; limiting teeth are arranged on the side face of the rotating ring base in an annular array mode. The auxiliary unit comprises a sliding groove and a matching groove, a guide column is arranged in the sliding groove, the guide column is sleeved with a sliding base in a sliding mode, and a sliding ring base is arranged outside the sliding base. The device can highly simulate the actual complex working condition of the air bearing, integrates multiple test functions, and has efficient automatic test capability and a reliable safety protection mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of air bearing manufacturing technology, specifically to a testing device and method for air bearings. Background Technology

[0002] As a non-contact support element, air bearings have been widely used in high-speed, high-precision rotating machinery due to their outstanding advantages such as low coefficient of friction, high limiting speed, pollution-free operation, and long service life. In recent years, with the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry, higher requirements have been placed on the performance, efficiency, and reliability of key components. Due to their unique performance advantages, air bearings have been widely used in high-speed rotating core components such as drive motors, turbochargers, fuel cell air compressors, and electronic water pumps in new energy vehicles, becoming an important technical support for improving vehicle energy efficiency, reducing noise and vibration, and achieving lightweight design.

[0003] Chinese Patent Application No. 201610707090.7 discloses a device and method for testing the comprehensive load-bearing capacity of an air bearing, comprising an air shaft, an air sleeve, an electromagnet, an axial force sensor, a ferromagnet, a base, a fixing component, and a pad. The air shaft is fitted inside the air sleeve, and an air sleeve seat is located outside the air sleeve. The air sleeve seat is horizontally mounted on the pad via the fixing component. Two ferromagnets are symmetrically fitted onto the air shaft. Two electromagnets are mounted directly below the ferromagnets. An axial force sensor is mounted below the electromagnet and is fixed to the base. The pad is also fixed to the base. A radial force sensor is mounted on the air sleeve. An envelope pad is provided around the circumference of the air shaft. A radial force loading mechanism is symmetrically mounted at both ends of the air shaft. When the radial force loading mechanism is applied, it symmetrically contacts both ends of the circumference of the envelope pad to generate a radial loading force. However, focusing on the measurement of a single static parameter, such as testing only radial bearing capacity, results in a single test condition, low functional integration, low testing efficiency, and the possibility of introducing assembly errors through multiple assembly and disassembly tests, affecting the consistency and accuracy of test results.

[0004] In addition, existing testing equipment also has shortcomings in terms of safety protection mechanisms. When abnormal situations such as bearing overload or displacement exceeding limits occur during the testing process, there is a lack of fast and reliable braking and locking means, which may cause the test shaft to rotate continuously at high speed, thereby causing equipment damage or even safety accidents. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the existing defects and provide a testing device and method for air bearings that can highly simulate the actual complex working conditions of air bearings, integrate multiple testing functions, have efficient automated testing capabilities and reliable safety protection mechanisms, and can effectively solve the problems in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a testing device for air bearings, comprising: The test bench is used to ensure the stability of the test. The drive unit includes a test shaft that is rotatably connected to the test bench; The load testing unit is used to detect the radial and axial loads on the test shaft. The loading unit includes a support ring and a side hydraulic cylinder. The support ring is fixedly sleeved on the test shaft, and a rotating ring seat is rotatably sleeved on the outside of the support ring. The telescopic end of the side hydraulic cylinder is equipped with a loading block; The side of the rotating ring seat is provided with limiting teeth in a ring array; The auxiliary unit includes a slide groove, a guide post is provided in the slide groove, a slide block is slidably sleeved on the guide post, a sliding ring seat is provided on the outside of the slide block, a limit spring is sleeved on one side of the guide post, and a positioning hole is opened on the inner circumferential surface of the sliding ring seat. The side of the sliding ring seat is provided with positioning teeth that correspond to and cooperate with the limiting teeth; It also includes a mating groove, in which a movable seat is slidably fitted. An electromagnetic push rod is provided between the bottom surface of the mating groove and the movable seat, and positioning pins are provided at equal intervals on the movable seat.

[0007] Preferably, the drive unit further includes two bearing seats and a motor mounted on the test bench. One bearing seat is sleeved on the outside of the test shaft, and a transmission shaft is rotatably connected inside the other bearing seat. The transmission shaft is connected to the end of the test shaft via a coupling. The motor is located at the bottom of the test bench, and the output shaft of the motor is connected to the end of the transmission shaft via a belt drive mechanism.

[0008] Preferably, the load testing unit includes a through groove, a support is built into the through groove, a radial hydraulic cylinder is drivenly connected to the bottom of the support, the radial hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the test bench, a test seat is slidably connected to the top of the support, an air bearing is provided in the test seat, the inner ring of the air bearing is sleeved on the test shaft, and a connecting rod is provided on the side of the test seat. The test stand is equipped with radial displacement sensors and axial displacement sensors, which are used to monitor the radial and axial displacements of the moving parts of the air bearing relative to the stationary parts, respectively.

[0009] Preferably, the load testing unit further includes an axial hydraulic cylinder, which is mounted on the test bench. The telescopic end of the axial hydraulic cylinder is provided with a connecting plate, and the connecting plate is slidably connected to the end of the connecting rod.

[0010] Preferably, the side hydraulic cylinder is mounted on a test bench; The loading block has an arc-shaped structure, and the loading block corresponds to the position of the rotating ring seat.

[0011] Preferably, the groove is formed on the circumferential surface of the test shaft; The sliding ring seat is sleeved on the outside of the test shaft; The two ends of the limiting spring are fixedly connected to the ends of the slide block and the slide groove, respectively.

[0012] Preferably, the mating groove is formed on the test shaft; The movable seat passes through the central hole of the sliding ring seat; The positioning pins and positioning holes are matched accordingly.

[0013] Preferably, the auxiliary unit further includes an electric slide rail, the sliding part of which is provided with a bracket, and the top of the bracket is provided with a dial indicator, the probe end of which abuts against the circumferential surface of the sliding ring seat.

[0014] This invention also discloses a testing method for an air bearing testing device, comprising the following steps: S1. Install the air bearing to be tested into the test housing and make the inner ring of the air bearing fit into the test shaft to complete the clamping. S2. The motor is started through an external control system. The motor drives the transmission shaft and test shaft to rotate via a belt drive mechanism, which in turn drives the moving parts of the air bearing to rotate, simulating the actual working conditions. S3. The control system controls the radial and axial hydraulic cylinders to apply radial and axial loads to the air bearing. At the same time, the radial and axial displacement sensors monitor the displacement between the moving and stationary parts of the air bearing in real time and feed the data back to the control system to evaluate the load-bearing performance. S4. The control system controls multiple side hydraulic cylinders to reciprocate in a set mode, causing the loading block to strike the rotating ring seat irregularly, applying lateral impact load to the test shaft, simulating the dynamic load conditions in actual use. S5. When it is necessary to detect the radial runout of the test shaft, the control system controls the electromagnetic push rod to retract, so that the sliding ring seat slides to the predetermined detection position, the limit spring is compressed, the electromagnetic push rod extends to insert the positioning pin into the positioning hole to fix the sliding ring seat, and then controls the electric slide rail to move the dial indicator so that the probe contacts the sliding ring seat, and the radial runout is indirectly measured by rotating the test shaft. S6. During the test, if the control system determines that the radial or axial displacement of the air bearing exceeds the displacement safety threshold based on the feedback from the displacement sensor, it will control the motor to stop, and control the electromagnetic push rod to retract and the side hydraulic cylinder to extend, so that the positioning teeth and the limit teeth mesh, and at the same time the loading block presses the rotating ring seat to achieve rapid braking of the test shaft.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention, through the integrated testing device design, can complete the comprehensive testing of radial load, axial load, lateral dynamic impact load, and radial runout of the shaft system of air bearings in a single clamping, significantly improving testing efficiency. Specifically, the drive unit drives the test shaft to rotate to simulate actual working conditions, the load testing unit can apply radial and axial loads simultaneously or separately and monitor displacement in real time, the loading unit simulates irregular lateral impacts, and the auxiliary unit can measure radial runout without stopping the machine. This achieves integrated testing of multiple parameters and multiple working conditions, avoids errors caused by multiple assembly and disassembly, and improves the consistency and accuracy of test data.

[0016] 2. By setting up a linkage structure between the loading unit and the auxiliary unit, this invention can realistically simulate the dynamic and random impact loads experienced by air bearings in actual use, thereby enhancing the coverage and realism of the test conditions. The side hydraulic cylinder drives the arc-shaped loading block to randomly impact the rotating ring seat. The rotating ring seat is rotatably connected to the test shaft through the support ring. It can be briefly stopped when impacted, thereby applying a transient lateral force to the rotating test shaft. This effectively simulates the impact conditions caused by road bumps and acceleration / deceleration during the driving of new energy vehicles, making the test results more in line with actual application requirements.

[0017] 3. When the displacement sensor detects that the air bearing displacement exceeds the limit, the control system immediately stops the motor. At the same time, the electromagnetic push rod retracts to release the sliding ring seat, and quickly resets under the action of the limit spring, so that the positioning teeth mesh with the limit teeth. Simultaneously, the side hydraulic cylinder extends to press the loading block tightly against the rotating ring seat. Through the combined action of tooth meshing and friction braking, the test shaft is quickly locked and braked, effectively preventing equipment damage and accident risks caused by overload, and improving the safety of the testing process. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front view structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention from another angle; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Test bench; 2. Drive unit; 201. Shaft seat; 202. Drive shaft; 203. Test shaft; 204. Coupling; 205. Motor; 206. Belt drive mechanism; 3. Load testing unit; 301. Through slot; 302. Support; 303. Radial hydraulic cylinder; 304. Test seat; 305. Air bearing; 306. Connecting rod; 307. Axial hydraulic cylinder; 308. Connecting plate; 4. Loading unit ; 401, Support ring; 402, Rotating ring seat; 403, Side hydraulic cylinder; 404, Loading block; 405, Limiting tooth; 5, Auxiliary unit; 501, Sliding ring seat; 502, Slide groove; 503, Guide post; 504, Slide seat; 505, Limiting spring; 506, Mating groove; 507, Movable seat; 508, Positioning pin; 509, Bracket; 510, Electric slide rail; 511, Dial indicator; 512, Positioning tooth. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1 Please see Figure 1-5 This embodiment discloses a technical solution: a testing device for air bearings, including a test bench 1. The test bench 1 is used to ensure the stability of the test and provides a stable foundation for the operation of the load testing unit 3, the loading unit 4 and the auxiliary unit 5.

[0022] It also includes a drive unit 2, which includes a test shaft 203 rotatably connected to the test bench 1. The drive unit 2 also includes two bearing seats 201 and a motor 205 located on the test bench 1. One bearing seat 201 is sleeved on the outside of the test shaft 203, and a transmission shaft 202 is rotatably connected inside the other bearing seat 201. The transmission shaft 202 is connected to the end of the test shaft 203 by a coupling 204. The motor 205 is located at the bottom of the test bench 1, and the output shaft of the motor 205 is connected to the end of the transmission shaft 202 by a belt drive mechanism 206.

[0023] Specifically, the motor 205 drives the drive shaft 202 to rotate via the belt drive mechanism 206, and the drive shaft 202 drives the test shaft 203 to rotate via the coupling 204, thereby providing rotation conditions for the testing of the air bearing 305.

[0024] It also includes a load testing unit 3, which is used to detect the radial and axial loads of the test shaft 203. The load testing unit 3 includes a through groove 301, in which a support 302 is built. The bottom of the support 302 is connected to a radial hydraulic cylinder 303, which is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the test platform 1. The top of the support 302 is slidably connected to a test seat 304, which is equipped with an air bearing 305. The inner ring of the air bearing 305 is fitted on the test shaft 203. The side of the test seat 304 is provided with a connecting rod 306. It also includes an axial hydraulic cylinder 307, which is mounted on the test platform 1. The telescopic end of the axial hydraulic cylinder 307 is provided with a connecting plate 308, which is slidably connected to the end of the connecting rod 306.

[0025] The test stand 304 is equipped with a radial displacement sensor and an axial displacement sensor, which are used to monitor the radial displacement and axial displacement of the moving parts of the air bearing 305 relative to the fixed parts, respectively.

[0026] Specifically, the radial hydraulic cylinder 303 can apply a radial load to the air bearing 305 through the support 302 and the test seat 304 by extending and retracting, and the axial hydraulic cylinder 307 can apply an axial load to the air bearing 305 through the connecting plate 308 and the connecting rod 306 by extending and retracting. The radial displacement sensor and the axial displacement sensor are preferably non-contact displacement sensors. The sliding connection direction between the support 302 and the test seat 304 is parallel to the axial direction of the test shaft 203, and the sliding connection direction between the connecting plate 308 and the connecting rod 306 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the test shaft 203, so as to prevent interference between the radial hydraulic cylinder 303 and the axial hydraulic cylinder 307.

[0027] It also includes a loading unit 4, which includes a support ring 401 and a side hydraulic cylinder 403. The side hydraulic cylinder 403 is mounted on the test bench 1. The support ring 401 is fixedly sleeved on the test shaft 203. A rotating ring seat 402 is rotatably sleeved on the outside of the support ring 401. The telescopic end of the side hydraulic cylinder 403 is provided with a loading block 404. The loading block 404 has an arc-shaped structure and its position corresponds to that of the rotating ring seat 402.

[0028] Specifically, there are no fewer than two side hydraulic cylinders 403 distributed around the test shaft 203. The extension and retraction of the side hydraulic cylinders 403 drive the loading block 404 to reciprocate, causing the loading block 404 to reciprocate and randomly impact the rotating ring seat 402 during the rotation of the test shaft 203. This causes the test shaft 203 to be subjected to random external loads on the side, increasing the realism of the test scenario. Since the rotating ring seat 402 is rotated and connected to the support ring 401, the rotating ring seat 402 will not rotate at high speed with the rotation of the test shaft 203. When the loading block 404 contacts the rotating ring seat 402, the rotating ring seat 402 will be in close contact with the loading block 404 and temporarily stop.

[0029] It also includes an auxiliary unit 5, which includes a slide groove 502 and a mating groove 506. The slide groove 502 is formed on the circumferential surface of the test shaft 203. A guide post 503 is provided inside the slide groove 502. A slide block 504 is slidably sleeved on the guide post 503. A sliding ring seat 501 is provided outside the slide block 504. The sliding ring seat 501 is sleeved on the outside of the test shaft 203. A limit spring 505 is sleeved on one side of the guide post 503. The two ends of the limit spring 505 are respectively connected to the slide block. The ends of 504 and 502 are fixedly connected. The inner circumferential surface of the sliding ring seat 501 is provided with a positioning hole. The mating groove 506 is provided on the test shaft 203. The movable seat 507 is slidably fitted in the mating groove 506. The movable seat 507 passes through the central hole of the sliding ring seat 501. An electromagnetic push rod is provided between the bottom surface of the mating groove 506 and the movable seat 507. Positioning pins 508 are provided at equal intervals on the movable seat 507. The positioning pins 508 are correspondingly fitted with the positioning holes.

[0030] The auxiliary unit 5 also includes an electric slide rail 510. The sliding part of the electric slide rail 510 is provided with a bracket 509. The top of the bracket 509 is provided with a dial indicator 511. The probe end of the dial indicator 511 abuts against the circumferential surface of the sliding ring seat 501.

[0031] Specifically, in the initial state, the sliding ring seat 501 is in contact with the rotating ring seat 402, the limiting spring 505 is in a normal extended state, and the slide seat 504 is slidably connected to the slide groove 502. When it is necessary to measure the radial runout of the test shaft, the sliding ring seat 501 slides along the slide groove 502 to the side away from the rotating ring seat 402. The limiting spring 505 is compressed and in an energy storage state. After moving to the predetermined position, the extension of the electromagnetic push rod drives the movable seat 507 to move, so that the positioning pin 508 is inserted into the corresponding positioning hole, thereby realizing the axial limiting of the sliding ring seat 501. At this time, the electric slide rail 510 drives the bracket 509 to drive the dial indicator 511 to move, so that the dial indicator 511 moves to the position corresponding to the sliding ring seat 501 and the probe abuts against the top of the circumferential surface of the sliding ring seat 501. Thus, when the test shaft 203 drives the sliding ring seat 501 to rotate, the radial runout of the test shaft 203 can be indirectly detected.

[0032] During use, the test bench 1 provides a stable installation foundation and support platform for the entire test device, ensuring that each functional unit remains in a fixed position during the test and avoiding the impact of foundation shaking on test accuracy. The air bearing 305 to be tested, used for high-speed rotating components of new energy vehicles, is assembled in the test seat 304, so that the inner ring of the air bearing 305 is tightly fitted with the test shaft 203, completing the clamping and fixing of the air bearing 305. At the same time, in combination with the working conditions of the air bearing 305 in the actual operation of new energy vehicles, the monitoring parameters of the radial displacement sensor and the axial displacement sensor are set respectively to ensure that the relative displacement changes between the moving parts and the fixed parts of the air bearing 305 can be accurately captured.

[0033] The motor 205 is started, and the output shaft of the motor 205 transmits power to the drive shaft 202 through the belt transmission mechanism 206. The drive shaft 202 rotates stably under the support of the bearing seat 201. The drive shaft 202 drives the test shaft 203 to rotate through the coupling 204, which in turn drives the moving parts of the air bearing 305 to rotate synchronously, simulating the rotation conditions of components such as the motor and turbocharger when the new energy vehicle is driving at high speed, and providing rotation conditions that fit the actual working scenario of the new energy vehicle for subsequent load testing.

[0034] During the operation of new energy vehicles, the air bearing needs to withstand continuous radial loads from components such as the motor rotor and turbine. Therefore, the radial hydraulic cylinder 303 is controlled to extend and retract, and the output force is transmitted to the test seat 304 through the support 302. This applies a preset radial load to the air bearing 305 that conforms to the operating conditions of new energy vehicles. At the same time, the radial displacement sensor on the test seat 304 monitors the radial displacement of the moving parts of the air bearing 305 relative to the fixed parts in real time. Combined with the magnitude of the applied radial load, the radial load bearing capacity of the air bearing 305 under the actual operating scenario of new energy vehicles is quantitatively analyzed to determine whether it meets the usage requirements of high-speed rotating components of new energy vehicles.

[0035] When a new energy vehicle accelerates, brakes, or encounters bumpy road conditions, the air bearing 305 will be subjected to instantaneous axial impact force. Therefore, the axial hydraulic cylinder 307 is controlled to extend and retract, and the output force is transmitted to the connecting rod 306 through the connecting plate 308. This, in turn, drives the test seat 304 to apply a preset axial load to the air bearing 305. At the same time, the axial displacement sensor monitors the axial displacement of the moving parts of the air bearing 305 relative to the fixed parts in real time. Combined with the applied axial load, the axial load bearing capacity of the air bearing 305 is quantitatively analyzed to ensure that it has sufficient axial stability under the complex driving conditions of new energy vehicles. The external control system comprehensively judges whether the radial and axial load bearing capacity of the air bearing 305 is qualified.

[0036] Since new energy vehicles often face complex conditions such as road bumps and lateral impacts during operation, it is necessary to simulate the force state of the air bearing 305 under such scenarios. At this time, multiple side hydraulic cylinders 403 distributed around the test shaft 203 are controlled to extend and retract synchronously or asynchronously. The extension and retraction ends of the side hydraulic cylinders 403 drive the arc-shaped loading block 404 to reciprocate. Since the loading block 404 corresponds to the rotating ring seat 402, during the rotation of the test shaft 203, each loading block 404 will randomly and sequentially strike the rotating ring seat 402, thereby applying irregular lateral loads to the test shaft 203. This accurately simulates the sudden lateral forces that the air bearing may encounter when the new energy vehicle is in operation, making the test scenario more consistent with the actual use environment of new energy vehicles and comprehensively verifying the impact resistance performance of the air bearing 305.

[0037] The radial runout of the test shaft 203 directly affects the installation accuracy and operational stability of the air bearing in new energy vehicles. If the runout exceeds the standard, it will lead to accelerated wear and shortened service life of the air bearing 305, and may even affect the normal operation of related components in new energy vehicles. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately detect the radial runout of the installed shaft. When it is necessary to detect the radial runout of the test shaft 203, the sliding ring seat 501 is pushed to move away from the rotating ring seat 402 along the slide groove 502. The sliding ring seat 501 slides along the guide post 503 through the slide seat 504. At this time, the limit spring 505 is compressed and stores energy. When the sliding ring seat 501 moves to the preset detection position, the electromagnetic push rod in the mating groove 506 is activated. The electromagnetic push rod extends and drives the movable seat 507. The movement causes the positioning pin 508 on the movable seat 507 to insert into the positioning hole on the inner circumferential surface of the sliding ring seat 501, thereby achieving axial limiting and fixing of the sliding ring seat 501. Subsequently, the sliding part of the electric slide rail 510 is controlled to drive the bracket 509 to move, causing the dial indicator 511 on the top of the bracket 509 to move to the position corresponding to the sliding ring seat 501, and the probe end of the dial indicator 511 to abut against the circumferential surface of the sliding ring seat 501. When the test shaft 203 rotates, it drives the sliding ring seat 501 to rotate synchronously. The dial indicator 511 captures the circumferential runout of the sliding ring seat 501 in real time through the probe, thereby indirectly reflecting the radial runout of the test shaft 203, providing key data support for the installation accuracy verification and operational stability evaluation of the air bearing 305.

[0038] Example 2 During actual testing, limit displacement thresholds were set for both the radial and axial displacement sensors. When the applied radial or axial load reached the bearing limit of the air bearing 305, continued application of load would damage the air bearing 305 structure and cause structural damage to the testing device itself. To avoid this, a reliable safety protection mechanism is needed to quickly brake the test shaft 203 and interrupt the test to protect the device and the test piece when the displacement exceeds the limit. Therefore, the following improvements were made: The rotating ring seat 402 has a ring array of limiting teeth 405 on its side, and the sliding ring seat 501 has positioning teeth 512 on its side that correspond to and cooperate with the limiting teeth 405.

[0039] During use, under normal testing conditions, the sliding ring seat 501 is fixed in the axial detection position by the cooperation of the positioning pin 508 and the positioning hole. The positioning teeth 512 on the side and the limiting teeth 405 on the side of the rotating ring seat 402 are kept separate and do not interfere with each other. At this time, the test shaft 203 drives the sliding ring seat 501 to rotate freely for radial runout measurement, while the rotating ring seat 402 is in a state of free rotation on the support ring 401 to withstand the irregular lateral impact of the loading block 404.

[0040] When the radial displacement sensor or axial displacement sensor detects that the radial or axial displacement of the air bearing 305 exceeds the preset limit safety threshold, the control system immediately triggers the emergency braking program. At this time, the control system controls the motor 205 to stop working, stops the power source of the test shaft 203, controls the electromagnetic push rod to retract rapidly, and drives the movable seat 507 and the positioning pin 508 to exit from the positioning hole of the sliding ring seat 501, releasing the axial fixation of the sliding ring seat 501. The limit spring 505, which was originally in a compressed and stored state, quickly releases its elastic potential energy, pushing the slide 504 to slide and reset at high speed along the guide post 503 towards the rotating ring seat 402. The slide 504 drives the sliding ring seat 501 to move axially at high speed, so that the positioning teeth 512 on the side of the sliding ring seat 501 quickly engage with the limit teeth 405 on the side of the rotating ring seat 402.

[0041] Since the rotating ring seat 402 is sleeved on the test shaft 203 through the support ring 401 and is rotatably connected to the support ring 401, it can rotate freely when not subjected to external load. However, when the positioning tooth 512 and the limiting tooth 405 are strongly engaged, the sliding ring seat 501 in the rotating state and the rotating ring seat 402 in the stationary or low-speed state form a mechanical interlock through the tooth structure. At the same time, the control system starts the side hydraulic cylinders 403 at each position to extend, so that the loading blocks 404 of each arc structure tightly abut against the circumferential surface of the rotating ring seat 402. The friction between the loading block 404 and the rotating ring seat 402 generates a strong braking torque in a very short time, forcing the test shaft 203, which is rotating at high speed under inertia, to decelerate rapidly until it stops. This effectively prevents the device from being overloaded or damaged due to excessive displacement of the air bearing 305. After braking, it is safe to troubleshoot, replace the test piece, or adjust the parameters.

[0042] Example 3 This embodiment also discloses a testing method for an air bearing testing device, the steps of which are as follows: S1. Install the air bearing 305 to be tested into the test seat 304, and make the inner ring of the air bearing 305 fit into the test shaft 203 to complete the clamping. Specifically, before clamping, the outer surface of the test shaft 203 and the inner ring of the air bearing 305 should be cleaned to ensure that there is no oil, dust or burrs, so as to avoid affecting the test accuracy or damaging the bearing. During installation, first place the air bearing 305 smoothly into the mounting groove of the test seat 304, ensuring that the outer ring fits against the inner wall of the test seat 304 without tilting or gap. Then, slowly push the test seat 304 to move axially along the test shaft 203 until the inner ring of the air bearing 305 is completely fitted onto the test shaft 203. You can use slight rotation or tapping to assist in the assembly to ensure that the inner ring of the air bearing 305 fits well with the journal. After clamping, check whether the air bearing 305 is in the center position of the test seat 304. If necessary, you can use a feeler gauge or clearance gauge to check whether the gap between the bearing and the test seat meets the installation requirements.

[0043] S2. The motor 205 is started by the external control system. The motor 205 drives the transmission shaft 202 and the test shaft 203 to rotate via the belt transmission mechanism 206, which in turn drives the moving parts of the air bearing 305 to rotate, simulating the actual working conditions. Specifically, before starting, it should be confirmed that the connection between the motor 205 and the belt drive mechanism 206 is firm, the belt tension is moderate, and there is no looseness or deviation. The starting speed and acceleration curve of the motor 205 are set through the control system. A soft start method is adopted to avoid the impact of instantaneous high torque on the test shaft 203 and the air bearing 305. After starting, the speed is gradually increased to the preset test value. During the process, observe whether the rotation of the test shaft 203 is smooth and whether there is any abnormal vibration or noise. Vibration sensors or acoustic detection equipment can be used to monitor the rotation status in real time to ensure the authenticity and stability of the simulated working conditions.

[0044] S3. The control system controls the radial hydraulic cylinder 303 and the axial hydraulic cylinder 307 to apply radial and axial loads to the air bearing 305. At the same time, the radial displacement sensor and the axial displacement sensor monitor the displacement between the moving parts and the stationary parts of the air bearing 305 in real time and feed the data back to the control system to evaluate the load-bearing performance. Specifically, before applying the load, the radial hydraulic cylinder 303 and the axial hydraulic cylinder 307 should be pre-loaded and adjusted to eliminate the mechanism clearance. The load should be applied in stages, with a certain proportion of the rated load added in each stage and maintained for a period of time to observe whether the displacement change is stable. The radial load and axial load can be applied separately or simultaneously to simulate a combined stress state. High-precision non-contact sensors, such as eddy current sensors or laser displacement sensors, should be selected for the displacement sensor. The installation position should be as close as possible to the bearing stress area to reduce measurement errors. The control system should record the load-displacement curve in real time and can automatically determine whether the bearing is qualified according to the preset standard.

[0045] S4. The control system controls multiple side hydraulic cylinders 403 to reciprocate in a set mode, causing the loading block 404 to randomly impact the rotating ring seat 402, applying a lateral impact load to the test shaft 203, simulating the dynamic load conditions in actual use. Specifically, the action mode of the side hydraulic cylinder 403 can be set to random or periodic impact. The magnitude, frequency and duration of the impact force can be adjusted by programming the control system. During the impact, the vibration response of the test shaft 203 and the displacement change of the air bearing 305 should be monitored to evaluate the impact resistance performance. A high-speed camera or accelerometer can be used to record the dynamic behavior at the moment of impact to provide data support for subsequent analysis.

[0046] S5. When it is necessary to detect the radial runout of the test shaft 203, the control system controls the electromagnetic push rod to retract, so that the sliding ring seat 501 slides to the predetermined detection position, the limit spring 505 is compressed, the electromagnetic push rod extends so that the positioning pin 508 is inserted into the positioning hole to fix the sliding ring seat 501, and then controls the electric slide rail 510 to move the dial indicator 511 so that the probe contacts the sliding ring seat 501, and the radial runout is indirectly measured by rotating the test shaft 203. Specifically, before the sliding ring seat 501 moves, it should be confirmed that there is no interference between it and the rotating ring seat 402, and that the sliding groove 502 and the guide post 503 are clean and free of foreign objects. During the sliding process, observe whether the compression of the limit spring 505 is uniform to avoid jamming. After the positioning pin 508 is inserted into the positioning hole, the sliding ring seat 501 can be manually shaken slightly to confirm that it is securely fixed. The probe of the dial indicator 511 should be perpendicular to the outer circumferential surface of the sliding ring seat 501. The probe pressure should be moderate to avoid excessive pressure that could lead to measurement errors. During measurement, the test shaft 203 should rotate at a low and uniform speed for at least one revolution. The difference between the maximum and minimum readings is the radial runout value.

[0047] S6. During the test, if the control system determines that the radial or axial displacement of the air bearing 305 exceeds the displacement safety threshold based on the feedback from the displacement sensor, it will control the motor 205 to stop, and control the electromagnetic push rod to retract and the side hydraulic cylinder 403 to extend, so that the positioning tooth 512 meshes with the limit tooth 405. At the same time, the loading block 404 presses the rotating ring seat 402 to achieve rapid braking of the test shaft 203.

[0048] Specifically, the displacement safety threshold should be preset according to the design parameters and test standards of the air bearing 305, and corresponding alarm and shutdown logic should be configured in the control system. Once the braking program is triggered, the control system should immediately cut off the power supply to the motor 205 and simultaneously send a signal to control the electromagnetic push rod to retract rapidly, so that the sliding ring seat 501 can be quickly reset under the action of the limit spring 505. At the same time, all side hydraulic cylinders 403 should extend synchronously to ensure that the loading block 404 presses the rotating ring seat 402 evenly to form effective braking. After braking, the system should remain in a locked state until manual reset, and the response time and reliability of the braking function should be tested regularly to ensure that the safety mechanism is always effective.

[0049] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A testing device for air bearings, characterized in that, include: Test bench (1) is used to ensure the stability of the test; The drive unit (2) includes a test shaft (203) that is rotatably connected to the test bench (1). The load testing unit (3) is used to detect the radial and axial loads of the test shaft (203); The loading unit (4) includes a support ring (401) and a side hydraulic cylinder (403). The support ring (401) is fixedly sleeved on the test shaft (203), and a rotating ring seat (402) is rotatably sleeved on the outside of the support ring (401). The telescopic end of the side hydraulic cylinder (403) is provided with a loading block (404). The side of the rotating ring seat (402) is provided with limiting teeth (405) in a ring array. The auxiliary unit (5) includes a slide groove (502), a guide post (503) is provided in the slide groove (502), a slide seat (504) is slidably sleeved on the guide post (503), a sliding ring seat (501) is provided on the outside of the slide seat (504), a limit spring (505) is sleeved on one side of the guide post (503), and a positioning hole is opened on the inner circumferential surface of the sliding ring seat (501); The side of the sliding ring seat (501) is provided with positioning teeth (512) that correspond to and cooperate with the limiting teeth (405). It also includes a mating groove (506), in which a movable seat (507) is slidably fitted. An electromagnetic push rod is provided between the bottom surface of the mating groove (506) and the movable seat (507), and positioning pins (508) are provided at equal intervals on the movable seat (507).

2. The testing apparatus for air bearings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive unit (2) also includes two bearing seats (201) and a motor (205) on the test bench (1). One bearing seat (201) is sleeved on the outside of the test shaft (203), and the other bearing seat (201) is rotatably connected to a transmission shaft (202). The transmission shaft (202) is connected to the end of the test shaft (203) by a coupling (204). The motor (205) is located at the bottom of the test bench (1), and the output shaft of the motor (205) is connected to the end of the transmission shaft (202) by a belt drive mechanism (206).

3. The testing apparatus for air bearings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The load testing unit (3) includes a through groove (301), a support (302) is built into the through groove (301), a radial hydraulic cylinder (303) is driven to the bottom of the support (302), the radial hydraulic cylinder (303) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the test bench (1), a test seat (304) is slidably connected to the top of the support (302), an air bearing (305) is provided in the test seat (304), the inner ring of the air bearing (305) is sleeved on the test shaft (203), and a connecting rod (306) is provided on the side of the test seat (304). The test stand (304) is equipped with a radial displacement sensor and an axial displacement sensor, which are used to monitor the radial displacement and axial displacement of the moving parts of the air bearing (305) relative to the fixed parts, respectively.

4. The testing apparatus for air bearings according to claim 3, characterized in that: The load testing unit (3) also includes an axial hydraulic cylinder (307), which is mounted on the test bench (1). The telescopic end of the axial hydraulic cylinder (307) is provided with a connecting plate (308), which is slidably connected to the end of the connecting rod (306).

5. The testing apparatus for air bearings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side hydraulic cylinder (403) is mounted on the test bench (1); The loading block (404) has an arc-shaped structure, and the loading block (404) corresponds to the position of the rotating ring seat (402).

6. The testing apparatus for air bearings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The groove (502) is formed on the circumferential surface of the test shaft (203); The sliding ring seat (501) is sleeved on the outside of the test shaft (203); The two ends of the limiting spring (505) are fixedly connected to the ends of the slide block (504) and the slide groove (502), respectively.

7. The testing apparatus for air bearings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mating groove (506) is formed on the test shaft (203); The movable seat (507) passes through the central hole of the sliding ring seat (501); The positioning pin (508) is matched with the positioning hole.

8. The testing apparatus for air bearings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary unit (5) also includes an electric slide rail (510), the sliding part of the electric slide rail (510) is provided with a bracket (509), the top of the bracket (509) is provided with a dial indicator (511), and the probe end of the dial indicator (511) abuts against the circumferential surface of the sliding ring seat (501).

9. A testing method for an air bearing testing device, wherein the testing method utilizes the air bearing testing device as described in any one of claims 1-8 to test the air bearing, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Install the air bearing (305) to be tested into the test seat (304) and make the inner ring of the air bearing (305) fit into the test shaft (203) to complete the clamping. S2. Start the motor (205) through the external control system. The motor (205) drives the transmission shaft (202) and the test shaft (203) to rotate through the belt transmission mechanism (206), which in turn drives the moving parts of the air bearing (305) to rotate, simulating the actual working conditions. S3. The control system controls the radial hydraulic cylinder (303) and the axial hydraulic cylinder (307) to apply radial and axial loads to the air bearing (305). At the same time, the radial displacement sensor and the axial displacement sensor monitor the displacement between the moving parts and the fixed parts of the air bearing (305) in real time and feed the data back to the control system to evaluate the load-bearing performance. S4. The control system controls multiple side hydraulic cylinders (403) to reciprocate in a set mode, so that the loading block (404) randomly impacts the rotating ring seat (402), and applies a lateral impact load to the test shaft (203) to simulate the dynamic load conditions in actual use. S5. When it is necessary to detect the radial runout of the test shaft (203), the control system controls the electromagnetic push rod to retract, so that the sliding ring seat (501) slides to the predetermined detection position, the limit spring (505) is compressed, the electromagnetic push rod extends so that the positioning pin (508) is inserted into the positioning hole to fix the sliding ring seat (501), and then controls the electric slide rail (510) to move the dial indicator (511) so that the probe contacts the sliding ring seat (501), and the radial runout is indirectly measured by rotating the test shaft (203); S6. During the test, if the control system determines that the radial or axial displacement of the air bearing (305) exceeds the displacement safety threshold based on the feedback from the displacement sensor, the control motor (205) will stop, and the electromagnetic push rod will retract and the side hydraulic cylinder (403) will extend, so that the positioning tooth (512) meshes with the limiting tooth (405), and at the same time the loading block (404) presses the rotating ring seat (402) to achieve rapid braking of the test shaft (203).

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