Soft and hard composite stratum cutter eccentric wear testing device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of shield construction, and discloses a soft and hard composite stratum cutter eccentric wear testing device and method.The soft and hard composite stratum cutter eccentric wear testing device comprises a material fixing shell composed of a first inner shell and a first outer shell, and an annular material fixing cavity is defined between the first inner shell and the first outer shell; the cutterhead rotating shaft is provided with a plurality of cutter hydraulic cylinders in the circumferential direction, cutters are arranged at the output ends of the cutter hydraulic cylinders, the first inner shell penetrates through the inner surface and the outer surface to be provided with a groove body, the cutter hydraulic cylinders are used for driving the cutters to linearly move and can stretch into the material fixing cavity from the groove body, and the cutterhead rotating shaft is driven by a first power device to rotate; the feeding mechanisms are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the material fixing shell, and the feeding mechanisms are used for pressing test materials with different hardness into the material fixing cavity and forming a simulated soft and hard composite stratum. According to the invention, the soft and hard composite stratum can be simulated, and the cutter rotates and is broken in the simulated stratum, so that the impact wear resistance of the cutter is tested.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel boring machine (TBM) construction technology, and in particular to a device and method for testing tool wear in soft and hard composite strata. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of urban rail transit construction, the shield tunneling method has become one of the main methods for subway tunnel construction due to its high efficiency and safety. However, shield tunneling faces complex geological environments, with a wide distribution of mixed soft and hard strata such as soil and rock. The inhomogeneity and strength differences in these strata cause the shield cutters to endure severe impact and wear during tunneling, resulting in frequent tooth breakage. This not only increases construction costs but also reduces tunneling efficiency. Therefore, studying the impact and wear resistance characteristics of cutters in mixed soft and hard strata is of great significance for improving the construction efficiency and reducing construction costs of the shield tunneling method.

[0003] Existing testing equipment cannot meet the above testing requirements. Therefore, how to provide a testing device and method that can simulate composite formations with uneven hardness and softness and test the impact wear resistance of cutting tools is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device and method for testing tool wear in soft and hard composite formations, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a tool wear testing device for soft and hard composite formations, comprising:

[0006] The material fixing shell consists of a first inner shell and a first outer shell arranged outside the first inner shell, with the first inner shell and the first outer shell forming an annular material fixing chamber.

[0007] The cutter head shaft is provided with multiple cutter hydraulic cylinders along its circumference. A cutter is provided on the output end of each cutter hydraulic cylinder. A groove is provided through the inner and outer surfaces of the first inner housing. The cutter is located inside the first inner housing and corresponds to the position of the groove. The cutter hydraulic cylinder is used to drive the cutter to move linearly and can extend from the groove into the material fixing chamber. The cutter head shaft is driven to rotate by a first power device.

[0008] The feeding mechanism is arranged on the upper and lower sides of the material fixing shell. The feeding mechanism is used to press test materials of different hardness from the upper or lower side of the material fixing chamber into the material fixing chamber to form a simulated soft and hard composite stratum.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0010] The inner shell hydraulic rod is connected at one end to the first inner shell and at the other end to the first power device;

[0011] The outer shell hydraulic rod is connected at one end to the first outer shell and at the other end to the first power device; the first power device is used to drive the material fixing shell to move in a straight line.

[0012] Furthermore, the feeding mechanism includes:

[0013] A material receiving shell is arranged on the upper and lower sides of a material fixing shell. The material receiving shell consists of a second inner shell, a second outer shell arranged outside the second inner shell, and a lower shell arranged at the bottom of the second inner shell and the second outer shell. The lower shell is detachably connected to the second inner shell and the second outer shell. The second inner shell, the second outer shell, and the lower shell form a feeding chamber. The first inner shell is connected to the second inner shell, and the second inner shell is connected to the second outer shell. The feeding chamber corresponds to the material fixing chamber.

[0014] When the lower shell is separated from the second inner shell and the second outer shell, the feeding chamber is connected to the material fixing chamber. The pressing mechanism is used to press test materials of different hardness from the upper or lower side of the material fixing chamber into the material fixing chamber.

[0015] Furthermore, the pressing mechanism includes:

[0016] The pressure plate is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the feeding chamber and the material fixing chamber;

[0017] The pressure plate hydraulic rod is connected to the pressure plate at one end and to the first power device at the other end. The first power device is used to drive the pressure plate to move in a straight line. When the lower shell is separated from the second inner shell and the second outer shell, the first power device can press test materials of different hardness from the upper or lower side of the material fixing chamber into the material fixing chamber through the pressure plate.

[0018] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0019] Fixed supports are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the material fixing shell, and the first power device is installed on the fixed supports;

[0020] The second power unit is arranged on the left and right sides of the material fixing shell. The second power unit is used to drive the fixing mechanism to move closer to or away from the material fixing shell. When the fixing mechanism moves closer to the material fixing shell, the fixing mechanism limits the material fixing shell in the horizontal direction.

[0021] Furthermore, the cutting tools include scrapers and hobs.

[0022] Furthermore, the first outer shell and the second outer shell are detachably connected.

[0023] Furthermore, the hydraulic cylinder for the cutting tool is equipped with a pipeline connected to the cutting tool, which is used to spray wear-resistant agent or anti-sticking agent onto the cutting tool.

[0024] Furthermore, the cutting tool is rotatably mounted on the cutting tool hydraulic cylinder via a hinge mechanism. The hinge mechanism is communicatively connected to the control center, which adjusts the offset angle of the cutting tool through the hinge mechanism.

[0025] This invention also provides a method for testing tool wear in soft-hard composite formations, using a tool wear testing device for soft-hard composite formations, and includes the following steps:

[0026] S1: Assemble the material housing. Fill the feeding chamber with test materials of the same or different hardness. When test materials of different hardness are filled, they form different test material layers. Adjacent test material layers are separated by partition plates. Remove the partition plates when the test material filling is completed or near completion. After the test material is filled, a test material layer with a preset extrusion pressure is formed. The test material layer is fixed in the feeding chamber by the extrusion pressure.

[0027] S2: Arrange the material receiving shells on the upper and lower sides of the material fixing shell respectively, and connect the second outer shell of the material receiving shell to the first outer shell of the material fixing shell, so that the first inner shell is connected to the second inner shell, the first outer shell is connected to the second outer shell, and the feeding chamber is connected to the material fixing chamber.

[0028] S3: Remove the lower shell of the material receiving shell to connect the feeding chamber with the material fixing chamber;

[0029] S4: The test material layer is pressed into the material fixing chamber from the lower side by the pressure plate driven by the first power device, forming a simulated soft and hard composite stratum;

[0030] S5: Drive the material fixing shell to move in a straight line through the first power device until the tank corresponds to the cutter; start the cutter hydraulic cylinder to insert the cutter from the tank into the simulated soft and hard composite stratum, start the cutter shaft to make the cutter rotate and cut in the simulated soft and hard composite stratum;

[0031] S6: When the cutting tool rotates and cuts in the simulated soft and hard composite stratum for a preset time or the simulated soft and hard composite stratum is reduced to a preset volume, repeat steps S1-S3, and then drive the pressure plate through the first power device to press the test material layer from the upper side of the material fixing chamber into the material fixing chamber, and form a simulated soft and hard composite stratum.

[0032] S7: When the cutting tool rotates and cuts in the simulated soft and hard composite stratum for a preset time or the simulated soft and hard composite stratum is reduced to a preset volume, repeat steps S1-S3, and then drive the pressure plate through the first power device to press the test material layer from the lower side of the material fixing chamber into the material fixing chamber, and form a simulated soft and hard composite stratum.

[0033] S8: Steps S6 and S7 respectively press test materials of different hardness into the material fixing chamber, and repeat steps S6 and S7 to make the cutter continuously rotate and cut the test materials of different hardness in the simulated soft and hard composite strata.

[0034] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0035] 1. This invention can simulate soft and hard composite formations, with the cutting tool rotating and breaking in the simulated formation, thereby testing the impact and wear resistance characteristics of the cutting tool.

[0036] 2. This invention can change the offset angle of the cutting tool and spray wear-resistant agent or anti-sticking agent onto the cutting tool, so as to facilitate the testing of the impact wear resistance characteristics of the cutting tool under different conditions.

[0037] 3. The equipment has a simple structure, stable and reliable operation, and good application prospects and a wide range of applications. Attached Figure Description

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the fit between the cutter head shaft, the cutting tool, and the material holding shell.

[0041] Figure 3 This is a top view of the pressure plate;

[0042] Figure 4 Top view of the material-fixed shell section structure;

[0043] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the material fixing shell module structure;

[0044] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the cutter head shaft and the cutting tool;

[0045] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a fixed mechanism;

[0046] The components are as follows: 1. Fixed support; 2. First power unit; 3. Second power unit; 4. Pressure plate hydraulic rod; 5. Pressure plate; 6. Fixing mechanism; 7. Material fixing shell; 8. Buckle; 9. Second outer shell; 10. Lower shell; 11. Outer shell hydraulic rod; 12. Cutter head shaft; 13. Inner shell hydraulic rod; 14. First inner shell; 15. First outer shell; 16. Scraper; 17. Cutter hydraulic cylinder; 18. Hob; 19. Second inner shell; 20. Partition plate. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] Those skilled in the art will understand that the term "comprising" as used in this application means the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. It should be understood that when we say an element is "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or there may be intermediate elements present. Furthermore, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein can include wireless connections or wireless coupling. The term "and / or" as used herein includes all or any unit and all combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0049] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0050] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a tool wear testing device for soft-hard composite formations, comprising:

[0051] The material fixing shell 7 is composed of a first inner shell 14 and a first outer shell 15 arranged outside the first inner shell 14, and the first inner shell 14 and the first outer shell 15 form an annular material fixing chamber.

[0052] The cutter head shaft 12 is provided with multiple cutter hydraulic cylinders 17 along the circumference. A cutter is provided on the output end of the cutter hydraulic cylinder 17. A groove is opened through the inner and outer surfaces of the first inner housing 14. The cutter is located inside the first inner housing 14 and corresponds to the position of the groove. The cutter hydraulic cylinder 17 is used to drive the cutter to move linearly and can extend from the groove into the material fixing chamber. The cutter head shaft 12 is driven to rotate by the first power device 2.

[0053] The feeding mechanism is arranged on the upper and lower sides of the material fixing shell 7. The feeding mechanism is used to press test materials of different hardness from the upper or lower side of the material fixing chamber into the material fixing chamber to form a simulated soft and hard composite stratum.

[0054] In this embodiment, it also includes:

[0055] The inner shell hydraulic rod 13 is connected at one end to the first inner shell 14 and at the other end to the first power device 2;

[0056] The outer casing hydraulic rod 11 is connected at one end to the first outer casing 15 and at the other end to the first power device 2; the first power device 2 is used to drive the material fixing shell 7 to move in a straight line.

[0057] In this embodiment, the feeding mechanism includes:

[0058] The material receiving shell is arranged on the upper and lower sides of the material fixing shell 7. The material receiving shell consists of a second inner shell 19, a second outer shell arranged outside the second inner shell 19, and a lower shell 10 arranged at the bottom of the second inner shell 19 and the second outer shell. The lower shell 10 is detachably connected to the second inner shell 19 and the second outer shell. The second inner shell 19, the second outer shell, and the lower shell 10 form a feeding chamber. The first inner shell 14 is connected to the second inner shell 19, and the second inner shell 19 is connected to the second outer shell. The feeding chamber corresponds to the material fixing chamber.

[0059] When the lower housing 10 is separated from the second inner housing 19 and the second outer housing, the feeding chamber is connected to the material fixing chamber. The pressing mechanism is used to press test materials of different hardness from the upper or lower side of the material fixing chamber into the material fixing chamber.

[0060] In this embodiment, the pressing mechanism includes:

[0061] The pressure plate 5 is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the feeding chamber and the material fixing chamber;

[0062] The pressure plate hydraulic rod 4 is connected to the pressure plate 5 at one end and to the first power device 2 at the other end. The first power device 2 is used to drive the pressure plate 5 to move in a straight line. When the lower shell 10 is separated from the second inner shell 19 and the second outer shell, the first power device 2 can press test materials of different hardness from the upper or lower side of the material fixing chamber into the material fixing chamber through the pressure plate 5.

[0063] In this embodiment, it also includes:

[0064] Fixed support 1 is arranged on the upper and lower sides of material fixing shell 7, and the first power device 2 is installed on fixed support 1;

[0065] The second power unit 3 is arranged on the left and right sides of the material fixing shell 7. The second power unit 3 is used to drive the fixing mechanism 6 to approach or move away from the material fixing shell 7. When the fixing mechanism 6 approaches the material fixing shell 7, the fixing mechanism 6 limits the material fixing shell 7 in the horizontal direction.

[0066] In this embodiment, the second power device 3 can be a hydraulic device, and the fixing mechanism 6 adopts an arc-shaped clamping structure that is adapted to the shape of the first outer shell 15. The hydraulic device can drive the arc-shaped clamping mechanism to limit the material fixing shell 7 from the left and right sides, so as to avoid deformation of the material fixing shell 7 when the pressure plate 5 presses in the test material.

[0067] In this embodiment, the first power device 2 can be an integrated power mechanism to drive the tool shaft, the inner shell hydraulic rod 13, the outer shell hydraulic rod 11, and the pressure plate hydraulic rod 4, etc. The specific power mechanism can use existing technology, which will not be described in detail here.

[0068] In this embodiment, the cutting tools include a scraper 16 and a hobbing cutter 18.

[0069] In this embodiment, the first outer shell 15 and the second outer shell are detachably connected.

[0070] In this embodiment, the tool hydraulic cylinder 17 is provided with a pipeline connected to the tool, which is used to spray wear-resistant agent or anti-sticking agent onto the tool.

[0071] In this embodiment, the cutting tool is rotatably mounted on the cutting tool hydraulic cylinder 17 via a hinge mechanism. The hinge mechanism is communicatively connected to the control center, and the control center adjusts the offset angle of the cutting tool through the hinge mechanism.

[0072] In this embodiment, the spraying dosage and time of the wear-resistant agent and anti-sticking agent can also be controlled by the control center. The specific control methods and control elements are existing technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0073] In this embodiment, a fixed bracket can be provided for installing the fixed support 1.

[0074] In this embodiment, the overall height of the device is the width of 6 material receiving shells, and the total moving distance of the pressure plate 5 is half the overall height of the device.

[0075] In this embodiment, sensors can be arranged on the tool hydraulic cylinder 17 to facilitate real-time monitoring and recording of the tool insertion depth, the magnitude of the force on the tool, and the tool offset angle, etc. The sensors can be arranged on the cylinder body or the output end of the tool hydraulic cylinder 17.

[0076] This invention also provides a method for testing tool wear in soft-hard composite formations, using a tool wear testing device for soft-hard composite formations, and includes the following steps:

[0077] S1: Assemble the material housing. Fill the feeding chamber with test materials of the same or different hardness. When test materials of different hardness are filled, they form different test material layers. Adjacent test material layers are separated by partition plates 20. When the test material filling is completed or near completion, remove the partition plates 20. After the test material is filled, a test material layer with a preset extrusion pressure is formed. The test material layer is fixed in the feeding chamber by the extrusion pressure.

[0078] S2: Arrange the material receiving shells on the upper and lower sides of the material fixing shell 7 respectively, and connect the second outer shell of the material receiving shell to the first outer shell 15 of the material fixing shell 7, so that the first inner shell 14 is connected to the second inner shell 19, the first outer shell 15 is connected to the second outer shell, and the feeding chamber is connected to the material fixing chamber.

[0079] S3: Remove the lower shell 10 of the material receiving shell to connect the feeding chamber with the material fixing chamber;

[0080] S4: The first power device 2 drives the pressure plate 5 to press the test material layer from the lower side of the material fixing chamber into the material fixing chamber, forming a simulated soft and hard composite stratum; during the pressing of the test material layer, the material support shell remains stationary;

[0081] S5: Drive the material fixing shell 7 to move in a straight line through the first power device 2 until the groove corresponds to the cutter; start the cutter hydraulic cylinder 17 to insert the cutter from the groove into the simulated soft and hard composite stratum, start the cutter shaft to make the cutter rotate and cut in the simulated soft and hard composite stratum;

[0082] S6: When the cutting tool rotates and cuts in the simulated soft and hard composite stratum for a preset time or the simulated soft and hard composite stratum is reduced to a preset volume, repeat steps S1-S3, and then drive the pressure plate 5 through the first power device 2 to press the test material layer from the upper side of the material fixing chamber into the material fixing chamber, and form a simulated soft and hard composite stratum.

[0083] S7: When the cutting tool rotates and cuts in the simulated soft and hard composite stratum for a preset time or the simulated soft and hard composite stratum is reduced to a preset volume, repeat steps S1-S3, and then drive the pressure plate 5 through the first power device 2 to press the test material layer from the lower side of the material fixing chamber into the material fixing chamber, and form a simulated soft and hard composite stratum.

[0084] S8: Steps S6 and S7 respectively press test materials of different hardness into the material fixing chamber, and repeat steps S6 and S7 to make the cutter continuously rotate and cut the test materials of different hardness in the simulated soft and hard composite strata.

[0085] S4: Drive the material fixing shell 7 to move in a straight line through the first power device 2 until the tank corresponds to the cutter; start the cutter hydraulic cylinder 17 to insert the cutter from the tank into the simulated soft and hard composite stratum, start the cutter shaft to make the cutter rotate in the simulated soft and hard composite stratum.

[0086] In the above steps, the preset extrusion pressure formed by the test material layer differs significantly from the extrusion pressure of the final simulated soft-hard composite stratum. The preset extrusion pressure is only used to temporarily fix the test material layer in the loading chamber. In this way, the material container located above the material fixing chamber can be inverted, and its lower shell 10 can be arranged on the side away from the material fixing chamber, which facilitates the connection between the material fixing shell 7 and the material container and the removal of the lower shell 10.

[0087] In this embodiment, the lower housing 10 can be slidably connected to the second inner housing 19 and the second outer housing through slots or snap-fit ​​devices, or other existing connection structures and connection methods suitable for quick disassembly can be used; similarly, the first outer housing 15 and the second outer housing can also use existing connection structures and connection methods suitable for quick connection and disassembly, which will not be elaborated here.

[0088] In this embodiment, the material housing can adopt a modular structure, for example, by modularly disassembling the second inner housing 19 and the second outer housing, with adjacent modules connected by snap-fit ​​8. Similarly, the material fixing housing 7 can also adopt a modular modular structure, which will not be elaborated here.

[0089] In this embodiment, to prevent the test material from overflowing from the tank when it is pressed into the material fixing chamber, a baffle can be arranged on the inner side of the tank. The baffle can be fixed to the first inner shell 14 by bolts. After the simulated soft and hard composite strata are formed, the baffle can be removed, and the material fixing shell 7 can be moved to the position in the tank corresponding to the tool.

[0090] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0091] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0092] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0093] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tool wear testing device for soft-hard composite formations, characterized in that, include: The material fixing shell (7) is composed of a first inner shell (14) and a first outer shell (15) arranged outside the first inner shell (14), and the first inner shell (14) and the first outer shell (15) form an annular material fixing chamber. The cutter head shaft (12) is provided with multiple cutter hydraulic cylinders (17) along the circumference. The cutter hydraulic cylinder (17) is provided with a cutter at its output end. The first inner housing (14) has a groove through its inner and outer surfaces. The cutter is located inside the first inner housing (14) and corresponds to the position of the groove. The cutter hydraulic cylinder (17) is used to drive the cutter to move linearly and can extend from the groove into the material fixing chamber. The cutter head shaft (12) is driven to rotate by the first power device (2). The feeding mechanism is arranged on the upper and lower sides of the material fixing shell (7). The feeding mechanism is used to press test materials of different hardness from the upper or lower side of the material fixing chamber into the material fixing chamber and form a simulated soft and hard composite stratum.

2. The tool wear testing device for soft and hard composite formations according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The inner shell hydraulic rod (13) is connected at one end to the first inner shell (14) and at the other end to the first power device (2); The outer shell hydraulic rod (11) is connected at one end to the first outer shell body (15) and at the other end to the first power device (2); the first power device (2) is used to drive the material fixing shell (7) to move in a straight line.

3. The tool wear testing device for soft and hard composite formations according to claim 2, characterized in that, The feeding mechanism includes: A material receiving shell is arranged on the upper and lower sides of the material fixing shell (7). The material receiving shell is composed of a second inner shell (19), a second outer shell arranged outside the second inner shell (19), and a lower shell (10) arranged at the bottom of the second inner shell (19) and the second outer shell. The lower shell (10) is detachably connected to the second inner shell (19) and the second outer shell. The second inner shell (19), the second outer shell, and the lower shell (10) form a feeding chamber. The first inner shell (14) is connected to the second inner shell (19), and the second inner shell (19) is connected to the second outer shell. The feeding chamber corresponds to the material fixing chamber. When the lower shell (10) is separated from the second inner shell (19) and the second outer shell, the feeding chamber is connected to the material fixing chamber. The pressing mechanism is used to press test materials of different hardness from the upper or lower side of the material fixing chamber into the material fixing chamber.

4. The tool wear testing device for soft and hard composite formations according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pressing mechanism includes: The pressure plate (5) is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the feeding chamber and the material fixing chamber; The pressure plate hydraulic rod (4) is connected at one end to the pressure plate (5) and at the other end to the first power device (2). The first power device (2) is used to drive the pressure plate (5) to move in a straight line. When the lower shell (10) is separated from the second inner shell (19) and the second outer shell, the first power device (2) can press test materials of different hardness from the upper or lower side of the material fixing chamber into the material fixing chamber through the pressure plate (5).

5. The tool wear testing device for soft and hard composite formations according to claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: Fixed supports (1) are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the material fixing shell (7), and the first power device (2) is installed on the fixed supports (1); The second power device (3) is arranged on the left and right sides of the material fixing shell (7). The second power device (3) is used to drive the fixing mechanism (6) to approach or move away from the material fixing shell (7). When the fixing mechanism (6) approaches the material fixing shell (7), the fixing mechanism (6) limits the material fixing shell (7) in the horizontal direction.

6. The tool wear testing device for soft and hard composite formations according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cutting tools include a scraper (16) and a hob (18).

7. The tool wear testing device for soft and hard composite formations according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first outer shell (15) and the second outer shell are detachably connected.

8. The tool wear testing device for soft and hard composite formations according to claim 4, characterized in that, The tool hydraulic cylinder (17) is equipped with a pipeline connected to the tool, which is used to spray wear-resistant agent or anti-sticking agent onto the tool.

9. The tool wear testing device for soft and hard composite formations according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cutting tool is rotatably mounted on the cutting tool hydraulic cylinder (17) via a hinge mechanism. The hinge mechanism is communicatively connected to the control center, and the control center adjusts the offset angle of the cutting tool through the hinge mechanism.

10. A method for testing tool wear in soft-hard composite formations, characterized in that, The tool wear testing device for soft-hard composite formations as described in any one of claims 4-9 is used. Includes the following steps: S1: Assemble the material carrier shell and fill the feeding chamber with test materials of the same or different hardness. When test materials of different hardness are filled, test materials of different hardness form different test material layers. Adjacent test material layers are separated by a partition plate (20). When the test material filling is completed or near the end of filling, the partition plate (20) is removed. After the test material is filled, a test material layer with a preset extrusion force is formed. The test material layer is pressed and fixed in the feeding chamber by the extrusion force. S2: Arrange the material receiving shells on the upper and lower sides of the material fixing shell (7), connect the second outer shell of the material receiving shell to the first outer shell (15) of the material fixing shell (7), so that the first inner shell (14) is connected to the second inner shell (19), the first outer shell (15) is connected to the second outer shell, and the feeding chamber is connected to the material fixing chamber. S3: Remove the lower shell (10) of the material receiving shell to connect the feeding chamber with the material fixing chamber; S4: The first power device (2) drives the pressure plate (5) to press the test material layer from the lower side of the material fixing chamber into the material fixing chamber, and form a simulated soft and hard composite stratum; S5: Drive the material fixing shell (7) to move in a straight line through the first power device (2) until the groove corresponds to the cutter; start the cutter hydraulic cylinder (17) to insert the cutter from the groove into the simulated soft and hard composite stratum, start the cutter shaft to make the cutter rotate and cut in the simulated soft and hard composite stratum; S6: When the cutting tool rotates and cuts in the simulated soft and hard composite stratum for a preset time or the simulated soft and hard composite stratum is reduced to a preset volume, repeat steps S1-S3, and then drive the pressure plate (5) through the first power device (2) to press the test material layer from the upper side of the material fixing chamber into the material fixing chamber, and form a simulated soft and hard composite stratum. S7: When the cutting tool rotates and cuts in the simulated soft and hard composite stratum for a preset time or the simulated soft and hard composite stratum is reduced by a preset volume, repeat steps S1-S3, and then drive the pressure plate (5) through the first power device (2) to press the test material layer from the lower side of the material fixing chamber into the material fixing chamber, and form a simulated soft and hard composite stratum. S8: Steps S6 and S7 respectively press test materials of different hardness into the material fixing chamber, and repeat steps S6 and S7 to make the cutter continuously rotate and cut the test materials of different hardness in the simulated soft and hard composite strata.

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