Device and method for triggering thermal runaway of battery through acupuncture

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and a method for triggering thermal runaway of a battery through needling. The device comprises a needling unit and a needling base device, the needling unit is a core for realizing accurate control of a puncture position and an angle and is mounted on the needling base device; each needling unit comprises an adjustable mechanism and an angle adjusting device; a plurality of needling units are arranged in a modular mode to form a flexible needling array, sequential needling and multi-needle synchronous needling can be achieved according to a preset time sequence, the precise positions and the needling angles of the needles can be adjusted through the adjustable mechanism, the modular multi-needle design is combined, batteries of different sizes and types can be flexibly adapted, and the needling efficiency is improved. And diversified test requirements are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of power battery safety testing technology, and relates to a device and method for triggering battery thermal runaway by needle penetration. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the electric vehicle and energy storage industries, the safety of power batteries has become a major concern. Thermal runaway is the most serious safety failure mode of batteries. The nail penetration test is widely recognized as one of the most effective methods for simulating internal short circuits, triggering, and studying the thermal runaway characteristics of batteries.

[0003] The closest existing technology is typically a fixed, single-needle puncture testing machine. These devices have the following significant drawbacks:

[0004] 1. Limited functionality: The position and angle of the puncture needle are usually fixed, which cannot simulate the real complex working conditions of a battery being punctured by foreign objects at different positions and angles.

[0005] 2. Low efficiency: Only one point can be punctured in a single test, making it impossible to study the thermal diffusion and runaway propagation characteristics of the battery under multiple simultaneous short circuits, and the test cycle is long.

[0006] 3. Risk of "Needle Swallowing": When a battery experiences thermal runaway, the extremely high temperatures and dramatic volume expansion can easily cause metal probes to soften, bend, and become encased in the expanding battery contents, a phenomenon known as "needle swallowing." This not only compromises the accuracy and repeatability of the test but also increases probe wear and testing costs.

[0007] 4. Limited simulation scenarios: It is difficult to flexibly combine different puncture conditions (such as single point / multiple points, vertical / oblique), which limits its ability to comprehensively assess the battery safety boundary.

[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an advanced needle-puncture-triggered battery thermal runaway testing device and method that can perform multi-site, multi-angle, high-efficiency testing and effectively prevent needle swallowing. Summary of the Invention

[0009] Technical problem: To solve the problems of existing battery needle penetration testing devices, such as fixed needle position that cannot be adjusted, low efficiency due to single-needle testing only, easy "needle swallowing" affecting test accuracy and safety, and inability to simulate complex multi-point short circuit conditions.

[0010] Purpose of the invention: To provide a device and method for triggering battery thermal runaway by needle puncture with adjustable needle position and angle, support for multi-needle collaborative puncture, effective anti-needle swallowing function, and the ability to flexibly simulate various internal short circuit scenarios in batteries, so as to improve the accuracy, efficiency and safety of testing.

[0011] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0012] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention is implemented using the following technical solution:

[0013] A needle-puncture-triggered battery thermal runaway device includes a needle-puncture unit 1; the needle-puncture unit includes an adjustable mechanism, which mainly consists of a probe 3, a three-jaw chuck 4, a positioning sleeve 5, a lead screw 6 and a lead screw nut 7, and a moving platform 15.

[0014] The probe is clamped and fixed at the center of the chuck body by the three jaws of the three-jaw chuck. The lead screw 6 and the lead screw nut 7 cooperate. By rotating the lead screw 6, the lead screw nut 7 is moved along the lead screw axis, which in turn moves the moving platform 15 connected to the lead screw nut. The moving platform 15 moves the three-jaw chuck 4, and the three-jaw chuck 4 moves the probe 3 along the Z-axis, thereby realizing position adjustment.

[0015] Furthermore, a positioning sleeve is provided outside the probe. The positioning sleeve is made of ceramic material with a temperature resistance of over 1600℃. The inner diameter of the positioning sleeve forms a small gap with the outer diameter of the probe, which restricts the probe's deviation and controls the probe deviation rate to < 0.5%.

[0016] Furthermore, the adjustable mechanism also includes a buffer spring, the upper end of which abuts against the mounting flange of the positioning sleeve, thereby realizing that the buffer spring is positioned between the three-jaw chuck 4 and the positioning sleeve 5.

[0017] Furthermore, a reinforcing positioning sleeve 8 is provided on the outside of the positioning sleeve.

[0018] Furthermore, the acupuncture unit also includes an angle adjustment device 17, which is integrated with the adjustable mechanism and can drive the adjustable mechanism to continuously adjust within the range of 30° to 90° to simulate puncture invasion at different angles.

[0019] The angle adjustment device 17 includes a spherical angle adjustment device and a base connector 10;

[0020] The spherical angle adjustment device mainly consists of a connector device and a positioning ball hole platform 11;

[0021] One end of the base connector 10 is connected to the outer shell 9 in the adjustable mechanism, and the other end of the base connector 10 is fixed to the positioning ball hole platform 11. The connector device consists of a ball head 12 and a threaded long rod 13. The ball head 12 of the connector device mates with the hole on the positioning ball hole platform 11. The ball head 12 can rotate within the hole on the positioning ball hole platform 11, thereby driving the adjustable mechanism to rotate. The threaded long rod 13 mates with a nut 14. The needle-triggered battery thermal runaway device also includes a needle-triggered base device 2. The needle-triggered base device 2 mainly consists of a transverse guide rail and a slider. Several needle-triggered units are arranged on the slider of the needle-triggered base device 2. The needle-triggered units are arranged along the transverse guide rail, and the position is adjusted by sliding the slider on the transverse guide rail. The method for adjusting the spacing of multiple needle puncture units and using this needle-triggered battery thermal runaway device involves simultaneous puncture by multiple needles, specifically including the following steps: sample preparation and installation; selection of probe type and quantity, and angle adjustment; installation of the needle-triggered battery thermal runaway device onto the compression testing device; setting the needle puncture speed, displacement, and stop test conditions; starting simultaneous multi-needle tests at different angles; and sequential puncture according to a preset time sequence, specifically including the following steps: sample preparation and installation; selection of probe type and quantity, and angle adjustment; installation of the needle puncture device onto the compression testing device; setting different needle puncture speeds, displacements, and stop conditions; and independent control of the needle-triggered battery thermal runaway device via PLC control.

[0022] Alternatively, a needle-triggered battery thermal runaway device further includes a base connector 10, a positioning ball hole platform 11, and a threaded rod 13; one end of the base connector 10 is threadedly connected to the outer shell 9 in the adjustable mechanism, and the other end of the base connector 10 is fixed to the positioning ball hole platform 11; the threaded rod 13 is threadedly connected to fix the base connector 10 and the positioning ball hole platform 11 together to the outer shell in the fixed adjustable mechanism; the needle-triggered battery thermal runaway device further includes a needle-triggered base device 2, which mainly consists of a transverse guide rail and a slider, with several needle-triggered units arranged on the slider of the needle-triggered base device 2, the needle-triggered units arranged along the transverse guide rail, and the slider moves on the transverse guide rail. The sliding mechanism enables position adjustment, thereby adjusting the spacing between multiple needle-piercing units. The method of using this needle-triggered battery thermal runaway device involves simultaneous piercing with multiple needles, specifically including the following steps: sample preparation and installation; selection of probe type and quantity; installation of the needle-triggered battery thermal runaway device onto the compression testing device; setting the needle piercing speed, displacement, and stop test conditions; starting the multi-needle synchronous test; piercing sequentially according to a preset time sequence, specifically including the following steps: sample preparation and installation; selection of probe type and quantity; installation of the needle piercing device onto the compression testing device; setting different needle piercing speeds, displacements, and stop conditions; and independent control of the needle-triggered battery thermal runaway device via PLC.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] 1. High flexibility and adaptability: The adjustable mechanism enables precise adjustment of the needle position (X-axis ±2 mm) and puncture angle (30°-90°). Combined with the modular multi-needle design, it can flexibly adapt to different sizes and types of batteries (such as 21700, 4680, and prismatic batteries) to meet diverse testing needs.

[0025] 2. High testing efficiency and realism: The multi-needle collaborative system supports simultaneous or sequential puncture by multiple needles, and a single test can simulate complex multi-point internal short circuits, which greatly improves testing efficiency and can more realistically reproduce the thermal runaway behavior of batteries under actual abuse conditions.

[0026] 3. High test accuracy and safety: The innovative anti-pin swallowing design (three-jaw chuck + ceramic positioning sleeve + buffer device) can effectively prevent the probe from bending, breaking or being wrapped by battery material at high temperature, and control the probe offset rate to <0.5%, ensuring the accuracy of test data and the safety of device use.

[0027] 4. Significant cost-effectiveness: Through lightweight materials and structural optimization, material loss per test is reduced by 60%. The anti-needle swallowing design also reduces the frequency of probe replacement, resulting in a significant reduction in overall testing costs. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the modular arrangement of acupuncture units. Figure 1 ;

[0030] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the modular arrangement of acupuncture units. Figure 1 ;

[0031] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the needle-swallowing mechanism;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the angle adjustment device.

[0033] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the acupuncture unit and angle adjustment device;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the acupuncture unit structure;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the base connector and the positioning ball hole platform.

[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connector device and nut structure;

[0037] Figure 9A schematic diagram of the acupuncture unit and angle adjustment device installed on the acupuncture base;

[0038] Figure 10 Flowchart of the method for using a needle-triggered battery thermal runaway device;

[0039] In the diagram: 1. Needle-punching unit; 2. Needle-punching base device; 3. Probe; 4. Three-jaw chuck; 5. Positioning sleeve; 6. Lead screw; 7. Lead screw nut; 8. Reinforced positioning sleeve; 9. Housing; 10. Base connector; 11. Positioning ball hole platform; 12. Ball head; 13. Threaded long rod; 14. Nut; 15. Moving platform; 16. Housing; 17. Angle adjustment device. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of this invention. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this invention, and should not be construed as limiting the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention. The embodiments of this invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0041] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0042] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0043] This invention provides an embodiment of a needle-puncture-triggered battery thermal runaway device, the core components of which are as follows: Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, it mainly includes acupuncture unit 1 and acupuncture base device 2;

[0044] The needle puncture unit 1 is the core component for achieving precise control of the puncture position and angle, and it is mounted on the needle puncture base device 2. For example... Figure 5 , Figure 9As shown, each acupuncture unit includes an adjustable mechanism and an angle adjustment device 17;

[0045] like Figure 3 , Figure 5 As shown, the adjustable mechanism consists of a probe 3, a three-jaw chuck 4, a buffer spring, a positioning sleeve 5, a lead screw 6 and a lead screw nut 7, and a moving platform 15. The lead screw 6 and lead screw nut 7 drive the probe 3 to move precisely along the Z-axis (perpendicular to the XY plane). Its adjustment range is -2mm to +2mm relative to the initial position in the Z-axis direction, with a positioning accuracy of up to 0.1mm, ensuring the precision of the puncture point. The lead screw nut 7 is connected to the moving platform 15. The working principle is that the lead screw 6 and lead screw nut 7 work together; rotating the lead screw 6 drives the lead screw nut 7 to move along the lead screw axis, which in turn drives the moving platform 15 connected to the lead screw nut to move. The moving platform 15 drives the three-jaw chuck 4 to move, and the three-jaw chuck 4 drives the probe 3 to move along the Z-axis, thus achieving position adjustment. A guide rod and linear bearing can be installed at the lead screw, which serve as a guide to ensure the straightness of the movement.

[0046] Adjustment range scalability: ±2mm is the preferred range of the present invention. If this range is increased, it can adapt to the testing requirements of larger batteries and simulate puncture scenarios at more locations; if this range is reduced, it is suitable for specific tests with extremely high requirements for puncture position accuracy.

[0047] Positioning accuracy achieved: The screw and screw nut work together, and by using a high-precision screw (high pitch accuracy), low-friction guidance of linear bearings, and precision machining and assembly processes, the positioning accuracy of the needle punching unit in the Z-axis direction reaches 0.1 mm.

[0048] like Figure 3 As shown, the three-jaw chuck provides strong clamping force, firmly gripping the probe root during puncture to prevent it from loosening, bending, or breaking. The connection between the three-jaw chuck and the probe is as follows: the probe is clamped and fixed in the center of the chuck body by the three jaws of the three-jaw chuck, and the three jaws of the three-jaw chuck clamp the probe root.

[0049] like Figure 6 As shown, a positioning sleeve is fitted over the probe. This positioning sleeve is made of a special ceramic material that can withstand temperatures exceeding 1600℃. Even under the high temperatures generated by battery thermal runaway, it maintains extremely high dimensional stability and mechanical strength, effectively reducing high-temperature deformation that could cause probe wobbling or even detachment. The positioning sleeve, through its high-precision inner diameter (forming a tiny gap with the probe's outer diameter) and dimensional stability at high temperatures, limits probe deviation, thereby controlling the probe deviation rate to < 0.5%. A reinforcing positioning sleeve 8 can be further installed on the outside of the positioning sleeve. Figure 6The moving platform is not visible in the middle. The positioning sleeve 5 is fitted outside the probe and then clamped by the three-jaw chuck 4. The reinforcing positioning sleeve 8 is fitted outside the positioning sleeve 5. The moving platform 15 is set between the three-jaw chuck 4 and the lead screw nut.

[0050] A buffer spring is positioned between the three-jaw chuck 4 and the positioning sleeve 5 to absorb the impact force generated during puncture, protecting the device structure and improving overall stability and service life. The lower end of the buffer spring rests against the three-jaw chuck, and the upper end rests against the mounting flange of the positioning sleeve, thus achieving its positioning between the three-jaw chuck and the positioning sleeve.

[0051] A spring seat and a guide post can be set. The buffer spring is sleeved on the guide post, the lower end of the buffer spring abuts against the spring seat, the spring seat abuts against the three-jaw chuck, and the upper end of the buffer spring abuts against the mounting flange of the positioning sleeve.

[0052] The anti-needle swallowing mechanism consists of a three-jaw chuck, a buffer spring, a positioning sleeve, a lead screw and lead screw nut, and a reinforced positioning sleeve. That is, each needle-punching unit is equipped with an anti-needle swallowing mechanism at its end. This mechanism includes a three-jaw chuck for holding the probe, a high-temperature resistant ceramic positioning sleeve (temperature resistance >1600℃) sleeved on the outside of the probe, and a buffer device set between the two.

[0053] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the angle adjustment device is integrated with the adjustable mechanism, which can drive the adjustable mechanism to continuously adjust within the range of 30° to 90° (the angle range between the puncture direction of the needle unit and the normal direction perpendicular to the battery surface) to simulate puncture intrusion at different angles.

[0054] Components: Includes a spherical angle adjustment device and a base connector 10.

[0055] The spherical angle adjustment device mainly consists of a connector device and a positioning ball hole platform 11;

[0056] like Figure 4 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown, one end of the base connector 10 is connected to the outer shell 9 in the adjustable mechanism by a thread, and the other end of the base connector 10 is fixed to the positioning ball hole platform 11. The connector device consists of a ball head 12 and a threaded long rod 13. The ball head 12 of the connector device is engaged with the hole on the positioning ball hole platform 11. The ball head 12 can rotate in the hole on the positioning ball hole platform 11, thereby driving the adjustable mechanism to rotate. The threaded long rod 13 is engaged with the nut 14. Figure 8 A compression spring can be installed in the middle ( Figure 8(A compression spring is not shown in the diagram). The compression spring is located at the end of the threaded rod 13, with the bottom end of the threaded rod abutting against the compression spring for cushioning. The threaded rod engages with a nut to lock into the needle base device 2, achieving quick connection. To disassemble, simply unscrew the nut to allow the threaded rod to exit. This quick-connect structure allows for easy adjustment of the needle spacing in the multi-needle array within 10-100mm, and enables rapid layout for synchronous or sequential punctures.

[0057] like Figure 9 As shown, Figure 9 The left side shows that one end of the base connector 10 is connected to the outer shell 9 in the adjustable mechanism by a thread, and the other end of the base connector 10 is fixed to the positioning ball hole platform 11. The ball head 12 can be removed, and the base connector 10 and the positioning ball hole platform 11 can be directly fixed to the outer shell in the fixed adjustable mechanism by a threaded long rod 13. In this way, the positioning accuracy of the needle unit can be adjusted in the Z-axis direction, but there is no angle adjustment device, so it cannot simulate puncture invasion at different angles. Figure 9 The right side shows the ball head 12 engaging with the hole on the positioning ball hole platform 11. The ball head 12 can rotate within the hole on the positioning ball hole platform 11, thereby driving the adjustable mechanism to rotate. The needle unit can adjust the positioning accuracy in the Z-axis direction and can also simulate puncture invasion at different angles.

[0058] The ball head 12 of the connector device mates with the hole on the positioning ball hole platform 11, and can be replaced with a matching circular, square or polygonal structure.

[0059] Drive component: Manually driven rotation drives the ball head 12 of the connector device to rotate within the hole on the positioning ball hole platform 11, thereby driving the adjustable mechanism to rotate and achieve angle adjustment. The lead screw transmission system realizes linear displacement in the Z-axis direction, and the angle adjustment device realizes angle adjustment of the needle piercing unit. The two work together to achieve different combinations of displacement in different directions, such as "linear Z-axis" and "angled with X-axis", to meet the needs of different piercing positions and angles.

[0060] Angle range scalability: The angle range is the angle between the puncture direction of the needle unit and the normal direction perpendicular to the battery surface. 30°-90° is the preferred range of this invention. Expanding this range can simulate foreign object intrusion scenarios at more angles, while narrowing this range is suitable for testing needs at specific angles.

[0061] Continuous adjustment: This refers to the angle being adjustable at any angle within the range of 30°-90°, rather than a few discrete angles. This is achieved through continuous rotation of the ball head in conjunction with the scale indication on the external angle dial, adjusting the puncture angle of the needle unit.

[0062] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the multi-needle synergistic system is composed of multiple acupuncture units arranged in a modular manner to form a flexible acupuncture array. Multiple adjustable mechanisms are included, forming a modular multi-needle synergistic system that supports multi-needle arrays. The needle spacing is adjustable within 10-100mm, and synchronous or sequential punctures can be achieved.

[0063] Arrangement: Multiple needle units are arranged along a horizontal guide rail. The position is adjusted by sliding a slider on the horizontal guide rail, thereby adjusting the spacing between the multiple needle units.

[0064] Expansion method: The present invention preferably supports 3 needles. If expansion is required, the number of adjustable mechanisms can be increased by increasing the length of the transverse guide rail and setting more slider mounting positions, thereby increasing the number of needle-punching units.

[0065] Relationship between needles and acupuncture units: Each acupuncture unit corresponds to one needle, and the "distance between needles" refers to the distance between the center lines of the probes of two adjacent acupuncture units.

[0066] Spacing range scalability: 10mm-100mm is the preferred range of the present invention. Enlarging this range can accommodate multi-point puncture tests of larger-sized batteries, while narrowing this range is suitable for dense multi-point tests of smaller-sized batteries.

[0067] The control system is programmable (an automated control system can be used for large-scale needle penetration devices for battery packs): the hardware of the control system (such as a PLC or microprocessor) is existing technology. This invention provides a method for using a needle penetration-triggered battery thermal runaway device, such as... Figure 10 As shown.

[0068] This invention provides another embodiment of a method for using a needle-triggered battery thermal runaway device, involving simultaneous puncture by multiple needles and sequential puncture according to a preset time sequence. The logical control method for "simultaneous puncture by multiple needles" is as follows: the control system sends synchronous drive signals to the drive components of each needle-puncturing unit, causing multiple probes to start puncture simultaneously and complete puncture at the same time. Specifically, it includes the following steps: sample preparation and installation; selection of probe type and quantity, and angle adjustment; installation of the needle-triggered battery thermal runaway device (hereinafter referred to as "needle-puncturing device") onto the compression testing device; setting the needle-puncturing speed, displacement, and conditions for stopping the test; starting the simultaneous test of multiple needles at different angles; and ending the experiment.

[0069] The logic of "serial puncture according to a preset time sequence" (which can be controlled by adding PLC hardware and a small motor to automatically move the needles slightly along the Z-axis) is as follows: The control system sends drive signals to the drive components of each puncture unit at preset time intervals, causing multiple probes to perform puncture actions sequentially at different time points. Specific steps include: sample preparation and installation; selection of probe type and quantity, and angle adjustment; installation of the puncture device onto the compression testing device; setting different puncture speeds, displacements, and stopping conditions; independent control of the battery thermal runaway device triggered by the puncture via PLC; and end of the experiment.

[0070] Control system (an automated control system can be adopted for large needle-punching devices used in subsequent battery PACK applications): a PLC or microprocessor is used, which is electrically connected to the drive motor of each adjustable mechanism to precisely control the position, angle and multi-needle coordinated action mode of each needle-punching unit.

[0071] The specific working process and methods are implemented based on the above-mentioned device, such as... Figure 10 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0072] 1. Test Preparation: Select the appropriate probe according to the model of the battery to be tested and the purpose of the test, and install it on the anti-pin swallowing mechanism. Fix the battery on the test platform.

[0073] 2. Parameter Settings: Set test parameters through the control system: Select the puncture mode (single-point, double-point, or triple-point). Set the precise position (X-coordinate) of each puncture point. Set the angle of each puncture point. Set the multi-needle trigger mode (synchronous or time-sharing). 3. Perform the puncture: The device is activated, and the control system drives the adjustable mechanism to puncture the designated location on the battery surface at a set speed and angle. An anti-needle swallowing mechanism ensures probe stability throughout the procedure. 4. Data Acquisition and Monitoring: During puncture and subsequent thermal runaway, temperature and voltage sensors integrated near the probe tip or on the battery surface are used to collect real-time data on battery voltage drop, temperature change, and thermal diffusion. 5. Analysis and Reset: After the test, the device automatically retracts the probes. The collected data is analyzed to assess the battery's thermal runaway characteristics, and the device is reset in preparation for the next test.

[0074] The control method involves the control system to preset parameters such as puncture position, angle, and puncture mode (synchronous or time-sharing). Based on these parameters, the control system sends corresponding drive signals to the drive components of each adjustable mechanism to control the movement of the needle unit, angle adjustment, and coordinated puncture action of multiple needles.

[0075] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, and within the spirit and principles of the present invention, should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Furthermore, all content not described in detail in this specification is prior art known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A device for triggering battery thermal runaway by needle penetration, characterized in that: It includes a needle-punching unit; the needle-punching unit includes an adjustable mechanism, which mainly consists of a probe, a three-jaw chuck, a positioning sleeve, a lead screw and a lead screw nut, and a moving platform; The probe is clamped and fixed at the center of the chuck body by the three jaws of the three-jaw chuck. The lead screw and lead screw nut cooperate. By rotating the lead screw, the lead screw nut is moved along the lead screw axis, which in turn moves the moving platform connected to the lead screw nut. The moving platform moves the three-jaw chuck, and the three-jaw chuck moves the probe along the Z-axis, thereby realizing position adjustment.

2. The needle-puncture-triggered battery thermal runaway device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A positioning sleeve is installed outside the probe. The positioning sleeve is made of ceramic material with a temperature resistance of over 1600℃. The inner diameter of the positioning sleeve forms a small gap with the outer diameter of the probe, which restricts the probe's deviation and controls the probe deviation rate to < 0.5%.

3. The needle-puncture-triggered battery thermal runaway device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adjustable mechanism also includes a buffer spring, the upper end of which abuts against the mounting flange of the positioning sleeve, thereby realizing that the buffer spring is positioned between the three-jaw chuck and the positioning sleeve.

4. The needle-puncture-triggered battery thermal runaway device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A reinforced positioning sleeve is installed on the outside of the positioning sleeve.

5. A needle-puncture-triggered battery thermal runaway device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The acupuncture unit also includes an angle adjustment device, which is integrated with an adjustable mechanism and can drive the adjustable mechanism to continuously adjust within the range of 30° to 90° to simulate puncture invasion at different angles. The angle adjustment device includes a spherical angle adjustment device and a base connector; The spherical angle adjustment device mainly consists of a connector device and a positioning ball hole platform; One end of the base connector is connected to the outer shell in the adjustable mechanism, and the other end of the base connector is fixed to the positioning ball hole platform. The connector device consists of a ball head and a threaded long rod. The ball head of the connector device is engaged with the hole on the positioning ball hole platform. The ball head can rotate in the hole on the positioning ball hole platform, thereby driving the adjustable mechanism to rotate. The threaded long rod is engaged with the nut.

6. A needle-puncture-triggered battery thermal runaway device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: It also includes a base connector, a positioning ball hole platform, and a threaded long rod; one end of the base connector is threadedly connected to the outer shell in the adjustable mechanism, and the other end of the base connector is fixed to the positioning ball hole platform. The threaded long rod 1 is threadedly connected to fix the base connector and the positioning ball hole platform together to the outer shell in the fixed adjustable mechanism.

7. The needle-puncture-triggered battery thermal runaway device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The needle-puncture-triggered battery thermal runaway device also includes a needle-puncture base device, which mainly consists of a transverse guide rail and a slider. Several needle-puncture units are set on the slider of the needle-puncture base device. The needle-puncture units are arranged along the transverse guide rail. The position is adjusted by sliding the slider on the transverse guide rail, thereby adjusting the spacing between the multiple needle-puncture units.

8. The needle-puncture-triggered battery thermal runaway device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The needle-puncture-triggered battery thermal runaway device also includes a needle-puncture base device, which mainly consists of a transverse guide rail and a slider. Several needle-puncture units are set on the slider of the needle-puncture base device. The needle-puncture units are arranged along the transverse guide rail. The position is adjusted by sliding the slider on the transverse guide rail, thereby adjusting the spacing between the multiple needle-puncture units.

9. The method of using the needle-puncture-triggered battery thermal runaway device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The simultaneous puncture of multiple needles includes the following steps: sample preparation and installation; selection of probe type and quantity, and angle adjustment; installation of the needle-triggered battery thermal runaway device onto the crush test device; setting the needle puncture speed, displacement, and conditions for stopping the test; and starting the simultaneous test of multiple needles at different angles. The needles are punctured sequentially according to a preset time sequence, and the specific steps include: sample preparation and installation; selection of probe type and quantity, and angle adjustment; installation of the needle puncture device onto the compression testing device; setting different needle puncture speeds, displacements, and stopping conditions; and independent control of the battery thermal runaway device triggered by the needle puncture via PLC.

10. The method of using the needle-puncture-triggered battery thermal runaway device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The multi-needle synchronous puncture test includes the following steps: sample preparation and installation; selection of probe type and quantity; installation of the needle puncture trigger battery thermal runaway device onto the crush test device; setting the needle puncture speed, displacement, and conditions for stopping the test; and starting the multi-needle synchronous test. The needles are punctured sequentially according to a preset time sequence, and the specific steps include: sample preparation and installation; selection of probe type and quantity; installation of the needle puncture device onto the compression testing device; setting different needle puncture speeds, displacements, and stopping conditions; and independent control of the battery thermal runaway device triggered by the needle puncture via PLC.

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