Super capacitor with high-strength and high-conductivity structure and preparation method of super capacitor

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-strength and high-conductivity structural supercapacitor and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of structural supercapacitors. The structural supercapacitor comprises a middle structural electrode and a geopolymer. The structural electrode is composed of a current collector and conductive slurry. The current collector is a stainless steel mesh with the area of 1cm < 2 >, and the conductive slurry is composed of commercial conductive activated carbon, commercial conductive carbon black and PVDF. Compared with the prior art, the supercapacitor with the high-strength and high-conductivity structure provided by the invention has the characteristics of high compressive strength and high ionic conductivity, and is expected to realize the integration of load bearing and electrochemical energy storage functions of a building structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of structural supercapacitor technology, and in particular to a high-strength, high-conductivity structural supercapacitor and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] The concept of "zero-energy buildings" is a new building concept proposed to address the high CO2 emissions of building structures. It aims to reduce carbon dioxide emissions throughout the entire lifecycle, from construction to operation and maintenance, including the development of green and low-carbon building materials and the design of diversified applications for building structures. Constructing supercapacitors based on building structures for the storage and release of electrochemical energy is one such new measure for the diversified application of building structures. It does not involve installing additional electrochemical energy storage devices on the building structure, but rather makes the building structure itself part of the electrochemical energy storage device. Specifically, structural supercapacitors refer to the integrated construction of "cement-based materials-electrode-electrolyte" within the building structure. This allows the existing building structure to not only withstand external loads but also store and release electrochemical energy, representing a new energy storage path with sustainable development characteristics.

[0003] Geopolymers, as a novel building cementitious material, emit less than one-fifth the total carbon dioxide of silicate cement, yet possess comparable mechanical strength and durability. Geopolymers are often used as the diaphragm component of structural supercapacitors, where the liquid stored within the porous structure formed after the slurry hardens is the primary medium for ion transport. The content and ion concentration of the pore solution are crucial to the electrochemical performance of structural supercapacitors; higher ion concentrations result in faster transport rates and higher ionic conductivity, further influencing the electrochemical performance of the structural supercapacitor. However, achieving dual strengths in both mechanical strength and ionic conductivity is a critical prerequisite for the large-scale application of structural supercapacitors.

[0004] Strategies to improve the ionic conductivity of structural supercapacitors can be differentiated into introducing additional electrolytes (such as KOH, NaOH, LiOH, LiCl, ZnSO4, etc.) to prepare membrane materials, and introducing polymers to prepare composite membrane materials (such as polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid). However, existing technologies indicate that directly mixing cement with electrolyte components is not conducive to increasing compressive strength. Methods such as adding external electrolytes and preparing cement / polymer composite cement-based membranes have not achieved a simultaneous improvement in compressive strength and ionic conductivity of building cementitious material-based structural supercapacitors, and the preparation process is cumbersome and the production cost is high. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a high-strength, high-conductivity structural supercapacitor and its preparation method. The preparation process is simple, requires no additional chemical input, and simultaneously improves compressive strength and ionic conductivity.

[0006] A first aspect of the present invention provides a high-strength, high-conductivity structural supercapacitor, comprising:

[0007] The structural supercapacitor (5) includes a central structural electrode (3) and a geopolymer (4). The structural electrode (3) consists of two parts: a current collector (2) and a conductive paste (1). The current collector (2) has an area of ​​1 cm². 2 The stainless steel mesh, the conductive paste (1) is composed of commercial conductive activated carbon, commercial conductive carbon black, and PVDF; the composition of the geopolymer (4) includes amorphous hydrated sodium aluminosilicate gel and cankerlingite zeolite, wherein the content of cankerlingite zeolite is 13% to 68% of the geopolymer.

[0008] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present invention, the geopolymer (4) is prepared by uniformly mixing aluminosilicate powder with a total SiO2 and Al2O3 content of more than 80% with sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate, and deionized water, followed by molding, hardening, and curing.

[0009] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present invention, the conductive paste (1) is coated on the surface of the current collector (2), and the conductive paste (1) directly contacts the geopolymer (4), with an areal density of 4-5 mg / cm³. 2 .

[0010] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present invention, the geopolymer (4) is prepared by casting and hardening a geopolymer slurry and then curing it in a high-temperature environment.

[0011] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present invention, the geopolymer (4) uses aluminosilicate powder as a precursor material and a mixed solution of sodium hydroxide solution and sodium silicate solution as an alkaline activator.

[0012] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present invention, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is (4 mol / L to 14 mol / L), and the mass ratio of sodium silicate solution to sodium hydroxide solution is (0.5 to 2.5).

[0013] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of alkaline activator to aluminosilicate powder is (0.40 to 0.95).

[0014] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the high-temperature environment for preparing the geopolymer (4) is (80°C to 200°C) and the time is (0.5h to 72h).

[0015] A second aspect of this invention provides a method for fabricating a high-strength, high-conductivity supercapacitor, used in the high-strength, high-conductivity supercapacitor described in the above embodiment. The fabrication method includes the following steps:

[0016] S1, Preparation of structural electrode: Commercial conductive activated carbon, commercial conductive carbon black and PVDF are mixed evenly and coated on stainless steel mesh, and dried in an oven at 60℃ for 8h to obtain structural electrode.

[0017] S2, Preparation of alkaline activator: Prepare a sodium hydroxide solution (4 mol / L to 14 mol / L) using deionized water and sodium hydroxide solid particles, and cool it for 6 hours. Prepare a sodium silicate solution and sodium hydroxide solution at a mass ratio of (0.5 to 2.5) and stir in a magnetic stirrer for 4 hours to ensure uniform mixing.

[0018] S3, Preparation of geopolymer slurry: Weigh the alkaline activator and aluminosilicate powder at a mass ratio of (0.40-0.95), mix them and stir to obtain geopolymer slurry;

[0019] S4, the first step in constructing a geopolymer structured supercapacitor: inserting the structural electrode into the geopolymer slurry and curing it at room temperature for 48 hours;

[0020] S5, the second step in constructing a geopolymer supercapacitor: curing the geopolymer supercapacitor at different temperatures and for different times after it has been hardened for 48 hours.

[0021] S6. After curing, the geopolymer structure supercapacitor was placed in a sodium hydroxide solution for electrochemical performance testing.

[0022] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, after ultrasonication for 5 minutes, the stainless steel mesh is repeatedly cleaned with hydrochloric acid and deionized water to remove surface oxides and other contaminants, and the dried structural electrode needs to be cut into pieces with an area of ​​1 cm². 2 Use of small round pieces;

[0023] In step S4, the sample surface is covered with plastic wrap to prevent the surface moisture from evaporating too quickly and cracking.

[0024] In step S5, the curing temperature is set to (80℃~200℃) and the curing time is set to (0.5h~72h);

[0025] In step S6, the concentrations of the sodium hydroxide solution were selected as 1M, 2M, 3M, 4M, 5M, and 6M.

[0026] The high-strength, high-conductivity supercapacitor structure and its preparation method according to the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. Without adding an additional ionic conductive phase or designing geopolymer-polymer composite materials, the samples cured at high temperatures exhibit high compressive strength and high ionic conductivity from a process perspective. The compressive strength of all samples exceeds 30 MPa, reaching a maximum of 45 MPa, and the compressive strength does not show any shrinkage after 60 days of curing. Furthermore, the ionic conductivity still exceeds 20 mS·cm at 60 days. -1 .

[0028] 2. A supercapacitor was assembled using a geopolymer obtained under high-temperature conditions and structural electrodes prepared from commercially available conductive activated carbon, commercially available carbon black, and PVDF, and its electrochemical performance was tested. The results show that the method for constructing a supercapacitor using geopolymers proposed in this invention possesses electrochemical energy storage capabilities.

[0029] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a high-strength, high-conductivity supercapacitor structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the long-cycle performance of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the GCD curve of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the trend of compressive strength variation in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the trend of ionic conductivity variation in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the XRD pattern of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the long-cycle performance of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the GCD curve of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the compressive strength variation trend in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the trend of ionic conductivity variation in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the XRD pattern of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the long-cycle performance of Example 3 obtained by the present invention;

[0043] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the GCD curve in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the compressive strength variation trend in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the trend of ionic conductivity variation in Example 3 of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the XRD pattern of Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the long-cycle performance of Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the GCD curve in Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the compressive strength variation trend in Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram showing the trend of ionic conductivity variation in Example 4 of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the XRD pattern of Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the long-cycle performance of Comparative Example 1 of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the long-cycle performance of Comparative Example 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0054] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0055] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a high-strength, high-conductivity supercapacitor structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, this high-strength, high-conductivity supercapacitor structure includes:

[0057] The structural supercapacitor 5 includes a central structural electrode 3 and a geopolymer 4. The structural electrode 3 consists of two parts: a current collector 2 and a conductive paste 1. The current collector 2 has an area of ​​1 cm². 2 The stainless steel mesh, the conductive paste 1 is composed of commercial conductive activated carbon, commercial conductive carbon black, and PVDF; the geopolymer 4 contains amorphous hydrated sodium aluminosilicate gel and cankerlingite zeolite, wherein the content of cankerlingite zeolite is 13% to 68% of the geopolymer.

[0058] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present invention, the geopolymer 4 is prepared by uniformly mixing aluminosilicate powder with a total SiO2 and Al2O3 content of more than 80% with sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate, and deionized water, followed by molding, hardening, and curing.

[0059] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present invention, conductive paste 1 is coated on the surface of current collector 2, and conductive paste 1 directly contacts geopolymer 4, with an areal density of 4-5 mg / cm³. 2 The preferred concentration is 4-5 mg / cm³. 2 .

[0060] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present invention, the geopolymer 4 is prepared by casting and hardening a geopolymer slurry and then curing it in a high-temperature environment.

[0061] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present invention, the geopolymer 4 uses aluminosilicate powder as a precursor material and a mixed solution of sodium hydroxide solution and sodium silicate solution as an alkaline activator.

[0062] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present invention, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is (4 mol / L to 14 mol / L), and the mass ratio of sodium silicate solution to sodium hydroxide solution is (0.5 to 2.5).

[0063] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of alkaline activator to aluminosilicate powder is (0.40 to 0.95).

[0064] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the high-temperature environment for preparing the geopolymer (4) is (80°C to 200°C) and the time is (0.5h to 72h).

[0065] The present invention provides a method for preparing a high-strength, high-conductivity supercapacitor structure, which is used in the high-strength, high-conductivity supercapacitor structure described in the above embodiments. The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0066] S1, Preparation of structural electrode: Commercial conductive activated carbon, commercial conductive carbon black and PVDF are mixed evenly and coated on stainless steel mesh, and dried in an oven at 60℃ for 8h to obtain structural electrode.

[0067] S2, Preparation of alkaline activator: Prepare a sodium hydroxide solution (4 mol / L to 14 mol / L) using deionized water and sodium hydroxide solid particles, and cool it for 6 hours. Prepare a sodium silicate solution and sodium hydroxide solution at a mass ratio of (0.5 to 2.5) and stir in a magnetic stirrer for 4 hours to ensure uniform mixing.

[0068] S3, Preparation of geopolymer slurry: Weigh the alkaline activator and aluminosilicate powder at a mass ratio of (0.40-0.95), mix them and stir to obtain geopolymer slurry;

[0069] S4, the first step in constructing a geopolymer structured supercapacitor: inserting the structural electrode into the geopolymer slurry and curing it at room temperature for 48 hours;

[0070] S5, the second step in constructing a geopolymer supercapacitor: curing the geopolymer supercapacitor at different temperatures and for different times after it has been hardened for 48 hours.

[0071] S6. After curing, the geopolymer structure supercapacitor was placed in a sodium hydroxide solution for electrochemical performance testing.

[0072] Optionally, in one embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, after ultrasonication for 5 minutes, the stainless steel mesh is repeatedly cleaned with hydrochloric acid and deionized water to remove surface oxides and other contaminants, and the dried structural electrode needs to be cut into pieces with an area of ​​1 cm². 2 Use of small round pieces;

[0073] In step S4, the sample surface is covered with plastic wrap to prevent the surface moisture from evaporating too quickly and cracking.

[0074] In step S5, the curing temperature is set to (80℃~200℃) and the curing time is set to (0.5h~72h);

[0075] In step S6, the concentrations of the sodium hydroxide solution were selected as 1M, 2M, 3M, 4M, 5M, and 6M.

[0076] The high-strength, high-conductivity structural supercapacitor of the present invention and its preparation method are described in detail below through specific embodiments.

[0077] In the following embodiments, the mold size for the geopolymer precursor slurry during mechanical property testing is 20×20×20mm. 3 The fully automatic pressure testing machine was used, with a loading speed of 500 N / s. Six samples were tested in each group, and the average value was taken after removing the maximum and minimum values ​​as the compressive strength.

[0078] During electrochemical performance testing, the dimensions of the structural supercapacitor were 20×20×20mm. 3 Long-cycle testing of the structural capacitor was conducted using a blue battery box. The ionic conductivity σ was calculated using the formula σ=L / (S·R), where L is the distance between the two electrodes, S is the area of ​​the electrodes, and R is the resistance. R was obtained from EIS impedance spectroscopy, which was measured using an electrochemical workstation at a frequency of 0.1Hz~1MHz.

[0079] Example 1:

[0080] like Figure 1 As shown, an electro-activated carbon-coated stainless steel mesh / geopolymer structure supercapacitor and its preparation method are described, with the specific steps as follows:

[0081] Conductive activated carbon, conductive carbon black, and PVDF are thoroughly ground in a mortar to obtain conductive slurry 1. Conductive slurry 1 is coated onto a stainless steel mesh current collector 2 and dried overnight in an oven to obtain structural electrode 3.

[0082] A 7 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution prepared from deionized water and sodium hydroxide solid particles was mixed with a commercial sodium silicate solution at a mass ratio of 0.5 and magnetically stirred for 4 hours to ensure uniform mixing.

[0083] The alkaline activator and the selected aluminosilicate powder were weighed at a mass ratio of 0.55. The powder was taken from waste incineration fly ash, and its total percentage of SiO2 and Al2O3 was 83%. After the two were mixed evenly, a geopolymer slurry was obtained.

[0084] Conductive activated carbon-coated stainless steel mesh was inserted into a geopolymer slurry to obtain a structural supercapacitor, which was then cured at room temperature for 48 hours.

[0085] The structured supercapacitor, after being cured for 48 hours, was placed in an oven and cured at 130°C for 36 hours to accelerate hydration.

[0086] After the reaction was completed, compressive strength and electrochemical performance tests were performed, with the electrochemical performance test sample placed in a 6M NaOH solution.

[0087] Figure 2 The obtained geopolymer structured supercapacitor was demonstrated to achieve 0.4 mA / cm².2 The long-cycle results at current densities, Figure 3 The GCD results of the geopolymer structured supercapacitor obtained in this maintenance environment are presented. Figure 4 The graph shows the development trend of compressive strength of samples obtained in this curing environment. Figure 5 The graph shows the trend of ionic conductivity of samples obtained in this maintenance environment. Figure 6 The XRD pattern of the sample is shown.

[0088] Example 2:

[0089] The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that the solution concentration prepared with deionized water and sodium hydroxide is 4 mol / L. The alkaline activating solution is prepared with a sodium hydroxide solution to sodium silicate solution mass ratio of 0.5. The aluminosilicate powder is taken from fly ash from a power plant, with a total SiO2 and Al2O3 content of 84%. The mass ratio of alkaline activator to aluminosilicate powder is 0.4. The curing temperature is 80℃, the curing time is 0.5 h, and the electrochemical performance test is conducted in a 0.5 mol / L NaOH solution. The sample preparation process, compressive strength test, long-cycle test, EIS impedance spectroscopy test, and ionic conductivity calculation method are all the same.

[0090] Figure 7 The obtained geopolymer structured supercapacitor was demonstrated to achieve 0.4 mA / cm². 2 The long-cycle results at current densities, Figure 8 The GCD results of the geopolymer structured supercapacitor obtained in this maintenance environment are presented. Figure 9 The graph shows the development trend of compressive strength of samples obtained in this curing environment. Figure 10 The graph shows the trend of ionic conductivity of samples obtained in this maintenance environment. Figure 11 The XRD pattern of the sample is shown.

[0091] Example 3:

[0092] The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that the solution concentration prepared with deionized water and sodium hydroxide is 4 mol / L. The alkaline activation solution is prepared according to a sodium hydroxide solution to sodium silicate solution mass ratio of 2.5. The aluminosilicate powder is taken from commercially available calcined metakaolin, with a total SiO2 and Al2O3 content of 92%. The mass ratio of alkaline activator to aluminosilicate powder is 0.95. The curing temperature is 200℃, and the curing time is 72 h. Electrochemical performance testing is conducted in an 8 mol / L NaOH solution. The sample preparation process, compressive strength test, long-cycle test, EIS impedance spectroscopy test, and ionic conductivity calculation method are all the same.

[0093] Figure 12 The obtained geopolymer structured supercapacitor was demonstrated to achieve 0.4 mA / cm². 2 The long-cycle results at current density at current density, Figure 13 The GCD results of the geopolymer structured supercapacitor obtained in this maintenance environment are presented. Figure 14 The graph shows the development trend of compressive strength of samples obtained in this curing environment. Figure 15 The graph shows the trend of ionic conductivity of samples obtained in this maintenance environment. Figure 16 The XRD pattern of the sample is shown.

[0094] Example 4:

[0095] The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that the solution concentration prepared with deionized water and sodium hydroxide is 6 mol / L. The alkaline activation solution is prepared with a sodium hydroxide solution to sodium silicate solution mass ratio of 1.5. The aluminosilicate powder is obtained from laboratory-calcined metakaolin, with a total SiO2 and Al2O3 content of 86%. The mass ratio of alkaline activator to aluminosilicate powder is 0.85. The curing temperature is 180℃, and the curing time is 12 h. Electrochemical performance testing is conducted in a 4 mol / L NaOH solution. The sample preparation process, compressive strength test, long-cycle test, EIS impedance spectroscopy test, and ionic conductivity calculation method are all the same.

[0096] Figure 17 The obtained geopolymer structured supercapacitor was demonstrated to achieve 0.4 mA / cm². 2 The long-cycle results at current densities, Figure 18 The GCD results of the geopolymer structured supercapacitor obtained in this maintenance environment are presented. Figure 19 The graph shows the development trend of compressive strength of samples obtained in this curing environment. Figure 20 The graph shows the trend of ionic conductivity of samples obtained in this maintenance environment. Figure 21 The XRD pattern of the sample is shown.

[0097] Comparative Example 1: A geopolymer mainly composed of analcime-type zeolite was prepared using commercial metakaolin as raw material, with the rest of the composition being the same as that in Example 1 of this invention. Figure 22 The long-cycle performance graph of Comparative Example 1 is shown.

[0098] Comparative Example 2 uses the electrolyte from Example 1 of CN202310175689.0, and the rest of the composition is the same as that of Example 1 of the present invention. Figure 23 The long-cycle performance graph of Comparative Example 2 is shown.

[0099] The long-cycle test results of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-2 show that the geopolymers containing cankerlingite exhibit significantly superior charge-discharge capabilities, indicating that the inclusion of cankerlingite facilitates the application and implementation of geopolymers in electrochemical energy storage. This cankerlingite-containing geopolymer synthesis, which does not excessively rely on chemical reagents, represents a novel synthetic route with clean production characteristics.

[0100] The high-strength, high-conductivity structural supercapacitor and its preparation method proposed in the embodiments of the present invention are obtained by mixing a geopolymer slurry composed of aluminosilicate powder with a total SiO2 and Al2O3 content of more than 80%, sodium hydroxide solution, and sodium silicate solution, and sequentially undergoing molding, hardening, and curing. The geopolymer structural supercapacitor exhibits high mechanical strength and high ionic conductivity in a solution environment, and also has the ability to store and release electrochemical energy.

[0101] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0102] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "N" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0103] Any process or method description in the flowchart or otherwise herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or portion of code comprising one or N executable instructions for implementing custom logic functions or processes, and the scope of preferred embodiments of the invention includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed not in the order shown or discussed, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order depending on the functions involved, as will be understood by those skilled in the art to which embodiments of the invention pertain.

[0104] It should be understood that various parts of the present invention can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, the N steps or methods can be implemented in software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware as in another embodiment, it can be implemented using any one or a combination of the following techniques known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0105] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the methods in the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, the program includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.

Claims

1. A high-strength, high-conductivity supercapacitor, characterized in that, include: The structural supercapacitor (5) includes a central structural electrode (3) and a geopolymer (4). The structural electrode (3) consists of two parts: a current collector (2) and a conductive paste (1). The current collector (2) has an area of ​​1 cm². 2 The stainless steel mesh, the conductive paste (1) is composed of commercial conductive activated carbon, commercial conductive carbon black, and PVDF; the composition of the geopolymer (4) includes amorphous hydrated sodium aluminosilicate gel and cankerlingite zeolite, wherein the content of cankerlingite zeolite is 13% to 68% of the geopolymer.

2. The high-strength, high-conductivity structural supercapacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The geopolymer (4) is prepared by mixing aluminosilicate powder with a total SiO2 and Al2O3 content of more than 80% with sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate and deionized water, and then by injection molding, hardening and curing.

3. The high-strength, high-conductivity structural supercapacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conductive paste (1) is coated on the surface of the current collector (2), and the conductive paste (1) is in direct contact with the geopolymer (4), with a surface density of 4-5 mg / cm³. 2 .

4. The high-strength, high-conductivity structural supercapacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The geopolymer (4) is prepared by casting and hardening a geopolymer slurry and then curing it in a high-temperature environment.

5. The high-strength, high-conductivity structural supercapacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The geopolymer (4) uses aluminosilicate powder as a precursor material and a mixed solution of sodium hydroxide solution and sodium silicate solution as an alkaline activator.

6. The high-strength, high-conductivity structural supercapacitor according to claim 5, characterized in that, The concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is (4 mol / L to 14 mol / L), and the mass ratio of sodium silicate solution to sodium hydroxide solution is (0.5 to 2.5).

7. The high-strength, high-conductivity structural supercapacitor according to claim 5, characterized in that, The mass ratio of alkaline activator to aluminosilicate powder is (0.40 to 0.95).

8. The high-strength, high-conductivity structural supercapacitor according to claim 4, characterized in that, The high-temperature environment for preparing the geopolymer (4) is (80℃~200℃) and the time is (0.5h~72h).

9. A method for preparing a high-strength, high-conductivity structural supercapacitor, used in the high-strength, high-conductivity structural supercapacitor according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, Preparation of structural electrode: Commercial conductive activated carbon, commercial conductive carbon black and PVDF are mixed evenly and coated on stainless steel mesh, and dried in an oven at 60℃ for 8h to obtain structural electrode. S2, Preparation of alkaline activator: Prepare a sodium hydroxide solution (4 mol / L to 14 mol / L) using deionized water and sodium hydroxide solid particles, and cool it for 6 hours. Prepare a sodium silicate solution and sodium hydroxide solution at a mass ratio of (0.5 to 2.5) and stir in a magnetic stirrer for 4 hours to ensure uniform mixing. S3, Preparation of geopolymer slurry: Weigh the alkaline activator and aluminosilicate powder at a mass ratio of (0.40-0.95), mix them and stir to obtain geopolymer slurry; S4, the first step in constructing a geopolymer structured supercapacitor: inserting the structural electrode into the geopolymer slurry and curing it at room temperature for 48 hours; S5, the second step in constructing a geopolymer supercapacitor: curing the geopolymer supercapacitor at different temperatures and for different times after it has been hardened for 48 hours. S6. After curing, the geopolymer structure supercapacitor was placed in a sodium hydroxide solution for electrochemical performance testing.

10. The method for preparing a high-strength, high-conductivity supercapacitor according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step S1, after ultrasonication for 5 minutes, the stainless steel mesh is repeatedly cleaned with hydrochloric acid and deionized water to remove surface oxides and other contaminants. The dried structural electrode then needs to be cut into pieces with an area of ​​1 cm². 2 Use of small round pieces; In step S4, the sample surface is covered with plastic wrap to prevent the surface moisture from evaporating too quickly and cracking. In step S5, the curing temperature is set to (80℃~200℃) and the curing time is set to (0.5h~72h); In step S6, the concentrations of the sodium hydroxide solution were selected as 1M, 2M, 3M, 4M, 5M, and 6M.

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