Broadband arbitrary polarization multi-plane phased array antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses a broadband arbitrary polarization multi-plane phased-array antenna, which belongs to the technical field of antennas and comprises an antenna mounting side panel, an antenna mounting top panel and a broadband dual-polarization antenna array. The number of the antenna mounting top panels is a regular polygon, the number of the antenna mounting side panels is consistent with the number of sides of the antenna mounting top panels, and the antenna mounting side panels are trapezoidal; the antenna mounting top panel and the plurality of antenna mounting side panels form a polyhedral halfpace; the broadband dual-polarized antenna array is mounted on the antenna mounting side panel and the antenna mounting top panel; the arrangement mode of the broadband dual-polarized antenna array is a two-dimensional plane arrangement mode, the broadband dual-polarized antenna array comprises a radiation array plane and a parasitic coupling unit installed at the edge of the radiation array plane, and two adjacent basic array elements in the broadband dual-polarized antenna array jointly form a radiation unit. The antenna provided by the invention can radiate any polarization signal meeting requirements, and realizes full-airspace coverage.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to a broadband arbitrary polarization multi-plane phased array antenna and belongs to the technical field of antennas. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of science and technology, the number and types of air targets are increasing, and equipment is required to work in a wider frequency band and better discover, locate and track air cluster targets in the whole airspace. An electronic scanning phased array antenna array has high beam pointing sensitivity and can instantaneously scan to any direction within an index, and is more suitable for tracking high-speed cluster targets than a traditional mechanical scanning.

[0003] There are various array arrangement modes for a super wideband phased array antenna. A traditional planar array has a limited electric scanning range and cannot cover the airspace behind the array. In order to increase the airspace coverage range, the electric scanning angle has to be increased, but a too large scanning angle will result in a decrease in array gain at a large angle and even the appearance of a grating lobe. A spherical array is composed of antenna elements conformally installed on a spherical surface and can cover the whole airspace by moving the normal beam, but the elements are dispersed on the spherical surface, and the array gain is low when the number of elements is the same. A multi-plane array combines the advantages of a planar array and a spherical array, can realize whole airspace coverage and ensure array gain. However, the existing multi-plane array antenna has the problems of a narrow working frequency band and a single polarization interference mode.

[0004] A Vivaldi antenna is a typical wideband traveling wave antenna, has a simple antenna element structure, is convenient to process, has the advantages of low sidelobe and adjustable beam width after arraying, and the wideband wide scanning angle phased array formed thereby has good radiation performance. As a traveling wave antenna, the Vivaldi frequency band width is proportional to the profile height, and therefore a super wideband Vivaldi antenna usually has a high cross-polarization problem, which brings challenges to the realization of dual polarization of the antenna. A single polarization antenna has the disadvantages of limited channel capacity, multipath fading and low spectral efficiency. The cross-polarization problem can be effectively solved by adopting a balanced feed structure, an antenna metasurface and other methods, so as to realize dual polarization of the antenna. The realization of multi-polarization of the antenna can further increase the antenna aperture multiplexing rate. At present, the commonly used method for realizing multi-polarization is to adjust the antenna amplitude and phase by a specific array arrangement form and a control antenna transceiver module. However, the specific array arrangement form also brings spatial limitations to the antenna position.

[0005] In summary, how to realize whole airspace coverage of the beam, ensure the array gain and the multi-polarization performance of the super wideband antenna by reasonable structural design is a difficult problem in the research of the super wideband phased array antenna. SUMMARY

[0006] The application aims to provide a broadband arbitrary polarization multi-plane phased array antenna.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0008] The application provides a broadband arbitrary polarization multi-plane phased array antenna, which comprises an antenna installation side panel, an antenna installation top panel and a broadband dual-polarized antenna array.

[0009] The number of the antenna installation top panel is a regular polygon, the number of the antenna installation side panel is consistent with the number of edges of the antenna installation top panel, and the antenna installation side panel is a trapezoid.

[0010] The broadband dual-polarized antenna array is installed on the antenna installation side panel and the antenna installation top panel.

[0011] Further, the broadband dual-polarized antenna array is arranged in a two-dimensional plane, and comprises a radiation array surface and a parasitic coupling unit installed on the edge of the radiation array surface.

[0012] Further, the basic array element adopts a dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna.

[0013] Further, the basic array element comprises a base and two radiation sheets, the two radiation sheets are fixed above the base and arranged in a positive cross structure, one side of the radiation sheet is provided with a matching ring one, and the other side of the radiation sheet is provided with a matching ring two.

[0014] Further, in the broadband dual-polarized antenna array, a plurality of basic array elements are periodically and closely arranged along the horizontal direction and the vertical direction to form an array element array.

[0015] Further, the distance d of the basic array elements in the broadband dual-polarized antenna array satisfies wherein λ is the bandwidth corresponding to the working frequency point, and θ is the maximum beam scanning angle.

[0016] Further, a first feed terminal is arranged at the connection between the matching ring and the tapered slot, and a second feed terminal is arranged in the base of the basic array element; RF signal energy flows from the second feed terminal to the first feed terminal through the feed line, and then is radiated to free space through the tapered slot.

[0017] Further, by controlling the amplitude and phase of the RF signal entering each basic array element, the polarization mode of the antenna is adjusted, and an arbitrary polarized signal is radiated.

[0018] Further, the antenna mounting top panel is a regular hexagon, and the number of antenna mounting side panels is 6; during installation, the antenna mounting top panel is parallel to the horizontal plane, and the antenna mounting side panel has an angle of 60° with the horizontal plane, and the antenna mounting top panel and the six antenna mounting side panels are spliced into a heptahedron ladder.

[0019] Further, the maximum electrical scanning angle range of a single antenna array surface is ±30°, and all antenna array surfaces of the wideband arbitrary polarization multi-plane phased array antenna together realize beam coverage of the full airspace, wherein the full airspace refers to 180° in the elevation direction and 360° in the azimuth direction.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present application are:

[0021] The present application provides a wideband arbitrary polarization multi-plane phased array antenna, which utilizes an antenna mounting top panel and multiple antenna mounting side panels to jointly form a polyhedral ladder, and a wideband dual-polarized antenna array is mounted on each panel of the polyhedral ladder, thereby realizing beam coverage of the full airspace (180° in the elevation direction and 360° in the azimuth direction), and by controlling the amplitude and phase of the dual-polarized antenna unit, the polarization mode can be arbitrarily adjusted, so that an arbitrary polarized signal meeting the requirements can be radiated, thereby solving the problems of narrow operating frequency band, single polarization interference mode of the existing multi-plane array antenna, and the problem that the planar wideband phased array antenna cannot realize full airspace coverage.

[0022] Compared with the same type of antenna array, the present application simultaneously has the characteristics of ultra-wideband, multi-polarization and full airspace coverage, can work in a wideband range of 3GHz-18GHz, the ultra-wideband enables the antenna to be used in a scene with a large frequency span, the multi-polarization characteristic enables the antenna to receive and transmit more useful information, and effectively improves the antenna aperture multiplexing rate. The full airspace coverage ensures that there is still radiation on the back of the antenna, and also ensures that the gain size will not be excessively attenuated, and even the occurrence of grating lobes and the like. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 The structure of the wideband arbitrary polarization multi-plane phased array antenna in the embodiment of the present application is shown in the structural schematic diagram.

[0024] Figure 2It is the top view of wideband arbitrary polarization multi-plane phased array antenna in the embodiment of the application.

[0025] Figure 3 It is the side view of wideband arbitrary polarization multi-plane phased array antenna in the embodiment of the application.

[0026] Figure 4 It is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of wideband dual-polarized antenna array basic array element in the embodiment of the application.

[0027] Figure 5 It is the side view of wideband dual-polarized antenna array basic array element in the embodiment of the application.

[0028] Figure 6 It is the side view of two basic array elements spliced in the embodiment of the application.

[0029] Figure 7 It is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of 5x5 wideband dual-polarized antenna array in the embodiment of the application.

[0030] Figure 8 It is the principle schematic diagram of wideband dual-polarized antenna array radiating unit in the embodiment of the application.

[0031] Figure 9 It is the electric scanning standing wave curve schematic diagram of wideband dual-polarized antenna array in the embodiment of the application.

[0032] Figure 10 It is the electric scanning direction schematic diagram of wideband arbitrary polarization multi-plane phased array antenna under 3GHz wideband in the embodiment of the application.

[0033] Figure 11 It is the electric scanning direction schematic diagram of wideband arbitrary polarization multi-plane phased array antenna under 6GHz wideband in the embodiment of the application.

[0034] Figure 12 It is the electric scanning direction schematic diagram of wideband arbitrary polarization multi-plane phased array antenna under 9GHz wideband in the embodiment of the application.

[0035] Figure 13 It is the electric scanning direction schematic diagram of wideband arbitrary polarization multi-plane phased array antenna under 12GHz wideband in the embodiment of the application.

[0036] Figure 14 It is the electric scanning direction schematic diagram of wideband arbitrary polarization multi-plane phased array antenna under 15GHz wideband in the embodiment of the application.

[0037] Figure 15 It is the electric scanning direction schematic diagram of wideband arbitrary polarization multi-plane phased array antenna under 18GHz wideband in the embodiment of the application.

[0038] Figure 16 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the elevation beam coverage of a broadband arbitrary polarization multiplane phased array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 17 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the azimuth beam coverage of a broadband arbitrary polarization multiplane phased array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] In the figure, 1-Antenna mounting side panel, 2-Antenna mounting top panel, 3-Broadband dual-polarized antenna array, 4-Base, 5-Radiating plate, 6-Matching ring one, 7-Coupling feed slot, 8-Matching ring two, 9-Matching ring, 10-First feed terminal, 11-Second feed terminal, 12-Gradualized slot. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present invention and the specific features in the embodiments are detailed descriptions of the technical solution of the present invention, rather than limitations thereof. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the technical features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] This embodiment describes a broadband arbitrary polarization multiplanar phased array antenna, such as... Figures 1-3 As shown, the broadband arbitrary polarization multiplane phased array antenna includes an antenna mounting side panel 1, an antenna mounting top panel 2, and a broadband dual-polarization antenna array 3 mounted on the antenna mounting side panel and the antenna mounting top panel.

[0044] The antenna mounting top panel consists of one piece, which is a regular polygon. The number of antenna mounting side panels matches the number of sides of the top panel, and these side panels are trapezoidal. This trapezoidal side panel design contributes to the overall structural stability of the component. During installation, the top of each antenna mounting side panel is joined to one side of the top panel. The two adjacent sides of two antenna mounting side panels are joined together. The top panel and all the antenna mounting side panels together form a polyhedral trapezoidal platform. This trapezoidal structure design ensures full-area coverage of the electronically scanned beam.

[0045] In this embodiment of the invention, the antenna mounting top panel is a regular hexagon, and the number of antenna mounting side panels is six. During installation, the antenna mounting side panels form a 60° angle with the horizontal plane, meaning the normal beam angle of the broadband dual-polarized antenna array mounted on the side panels forms a 60° angle with the horizontal plane. The antenna mounting top panel and the six antenna mounting side panels are assembled to form a heptahedral trapezoid.

[0046] The broadband dual-polarized antenna array is mounted on the side and top panels of the antenna mounting plate. The array configuration of a single mounting plate is a two-dimensional planar array, including but not limited to rectangular, circular, and polygonal planar arrays. Each two-dimensional planar array operates between 3 GHz and 18 GHz, with an electronic beam scanning angle range of ±30°. This mounting method allows the broadband dual-polarized antenna array to fully utilize the space layout of the top and side panels, achieving full-space coverage with electronically scanned beams.

[0047] A broadband dual-polarized antenna array consists of a radiating array and parasitic coupling elements mounted at the edge of the radiating array. The radiating array is composed of multiple radiating elements, each formed by splicing two adjacent basic array elements. The parasitic coupling elements adopt the same structural design as the radiating elements. The parasitic coupling elements are not excited; their feed ports are connected to a 50Ω matched load. Arranged on the periphery of the array, they serve to adjust the impedance matching of the effective radiating elements, thereby improving the array's standing wave characteristics.

[0048] In this embodiment of the invention, the broadband dual-polarized antenna array adopts a Vivaldi antenna configuration, specifically including a printed circuit board Vivaldi antenna configuration and a metal Vivaldi antenna configuration. According to the phased array radiation principle, the spacing d between the Vivaldi antenna elements must satisfy… Where λ is the bandwidth corresponding to the operating frequency, and θ is the maximum beam scanning angle. The Vivaldi antenna is a dual-polarized antenna, which can radiate arbitrary polarized signals by controlling the amplitude and phase of each polarization.

[0049] Figures 1-3 The arrangement and number of antenna elements in the broadband dual-polarized antenna array on each mounting plate are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the actual broadband dual-polarized antenna array structure of this invention. (Combined with...) Figures 1-3 This embodiment adopts a rectangular array layout with 16 azimuth elements, 16 elevation elements, and a total of 256 radiating elements. The rectangular array structure is simple, easy to manufacture and assemble, and highly maintainable.

[0050] The structure of the basic array element is as follows Figure 4 , Figure 5As shown, each basic array element achieves antenna dual polarization in a cross-shaped structure. Feed terminals and matching rings are positioned perpendicularly to each other between any two adjacent basic array elements. Each basic array element includes a base 4 and two radiating plates 5. The two radiating plates are fixed above the base and arranged in a positive cross-shaped structure. A matching ring 6 and a coupling feed slot 7 are provided on one side of each radiating plate, and a matching ring 8 is provided on the other side. Matching ring 1 on one side of a radiating plate of a basic array element can form a complete matching ring 9 with the corresponding matching ring 2 of an adjacent element. The radiating plate above the matching ring forms a complete gradient slot 12 with the adjacent element, constituting a complete Vivaldi antenna radiating element, as shown. Figure 6 As shown by the dashed line, multiple basic array elements are arranged closely together periodically along the horizontal and vertical axes to form an array of elements.

[0051] Similarly, by splicing together basic array elements in the longitudinal direction, a longitudinal radiating element can be formed. By splicing together multiple basic array elements in the transverse and longitudinal directions, a broadband dual-polarized antenna array can be formed. Figure 7 The demonstration showed 36 basic arrays arranged in a 6×6 configuration along both the longitudinal and transverse directions, forming 25 dual-polarized radiating units. Based on beamforming theory, by controlling the amplitude and phase of each radio frequency signal according to different array configurations, the radiation of signals with arbitrary polarization can be achieved.

[0052] like Figure 8 As shown, a first feed terminal 10 is provided at the connection between the matching ring and the gradient slot, and a second feed terminal 11 is provided in the base of the basic array element. The principle of the radiating element corresponding to the dual-polarized metal Vivaldi antenna is as follows: RF signal energy flows from the second feed terminal to the first feed terminal through the feed line, and then radiates into free space through the gradient slot. The exponentially changing edge of the slot line generates current along the slot line. Different slot spacings generate electromagnetic waves of different frequencies. The matching ring can adjust the impedance matching during antenna operation, reducing return loss. It is worth noting that the radius of the matching ring and the width of the gradient slot are related to the element impedance matching. The radius of the matching ring, the width and length of the gradient slot, etc., can be adjusted according to the simulated VSWR. The smaller the VSWR, the less the return, and the more waves can be used for radiation. By optimizing the structure of the antenna element, signal reception and transmission can be achieved within the range of 3GHz-18GHz.

[0053] This embodiment of the invention employs a heptahedral trapezoidal structure, selecting an antenna element spacing d=10mm, and satisfying an electronic scanning angle of ±30° within the 3GHz-18GHz range. Through iterative optimization of the basic array element design parameters, the desired standing wave ratio (SWR) is achieved. Finally, the electronically scanned SWR curve of this embodiment within the frequency band is shown below. Figure 9As shown in the figure, the data indicates that the electronically scanned standing wave ratio (SWR) of the broadband arbitrary polarization multiplane phased array antenna of this invention is <2.5, indicating good SWR matching, low return loss, and good antenna radiation performance.

[0054] This invention also provides an elevation electronically scanned pattern of a broadband arbitrary polarization multi-planar phased array antenna in the 3GHz~18GHz range (this embodiment uses a square array, with the same horizontal and vertical patterns), as detailed below. Figures 10-15 As shown. Within the 3GHz~18GHz range, the broadband arbitrary polarization multi-planar phased array antenna of this invention can radiate signals of arbitrary polarization, with a maximum electronic scanning angle of ±30°. After the broadband dual-polarization antenna array is installed on a seven-sided radiating structure, it can achieve full-space beam coverage (180° elevation, 360° azimuth), specifically as follows... Figure 16 , Figure 17 As shown. Compared to similar antenna arrays, this invention simultaneously possesses ultra-wideband, multi-polarization, and full-space coverage characteristics. Ultra-wideband allows the antenna to be used in scenarios with a large frequency span; multi-polarization enables the antenna to receive and transmit more useful information, effectively improving the antenna aperture reusability. Full-space coverage ensures that radiation still occurs on the back of the antenna while preventing excessive gain attenuation or the occurrence of grating lobes.

[0055] The broadband arbitrary polarization multiplanar phased array antenna of this invention operates in a broadband range of 3GHz-18GHz. This broadband characteristic enables the invention to adapt to signal requirements of various frequencies, and to effectively process signals of different frequency bands in the field of electronic warfare.

[0056] By controlling the amplitude and phase of the dual-polarized antenna elements, the polarization can be arbitrarily adjusted, thereby radiating any polarized signal that meets the requirements. This characteristic is crucial in the field of electronic warfare, as the ability to flexibly radiate any polarized signal according to actual needs can improve the flexibility and effectiveness of countermeasures. Furthermore, in a polyhedral tiered configuration, by controlling the electronic scanning angle of each array face, ±30° coverage of a single array face and full airspace coverage can be achieved.

[0057] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. All of these forms are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A broadband arbitrary polarization multiplanar phased array antenna, characterized in that, Includes antenna mounting side panel, antenna mounting top panel, and broadband dual-polarized antenna array; The antenna mounting top panel has a number of regular polygons, and the number of antenna mounting side panels is the same as the number of sides of the antenna mounting top panel. The antenna mounting side panels are trapezoidal. The antenna mounting top panel and the multiple antenna mounting side panels together form a polyhedral trapezoidal platform. The broadband dual-polarized antenna array is mounted on the antenna mounting side panel and the antenna mounting top panel.

2. The broadband arbitrary polarization multiplanar phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The broadband dual-polarized antenna array is arranged in a two-dimensional planar array. The broadband dual-polarized antenna array includes a radiating array and parasitic coupling elements installed on the edge of the radiating array. The radiating array is composed of multiple radiating elements, and two adjacent basic array elements together form a radiating element. The structure of the parasitic coupling element is exactly the same as that of the radiating element.

3. The broadband arbitrary polarization multiplanar phased array antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The basic array element uses a dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna.

4. The broadband arbitrary polarization multiplanar phased array antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The basic array element includes a base and two radiating plates. The two radiating plates are fixed above the base and arranged in a cross-shaped structure. A matching ring one is provided on one side of the radiating plate and a matching ring two is provided on the other side of the radiating plate.

5. The broadband arbitrary polarization multiplanar phased array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, In a broadband dual-polarized antenna array, multiple basic array elements are periodically and closely arranged along the horizontal and vertical directions to form an array element array; the matching ring one on the radiating plate of one basic array element and the matching ring two on the radiating plate of another adjacent basic array element are spliced ​​together to form a complete matching ring, while the radiating plates of two adjacent basic array elements form a complete gradient gap above the matching ring.

6. The broadband arbitrary polarization multiplanar phased array antenna according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that, The spacing d of the basic elements within a broadband dual-polarized antenna array satisfies , where λ is the bandwidth corresponding to the operating frequency point, and θ is the maximum beam scanning angle.

7. The broadband arbitrary polarization multiplanar phased array antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that, A first feed terminal is provided at the connection between the matching ring and the gradient gap, and a second feed terminal is provided in the base of the basic array element; the radio frequency signal energy flows from the second feed terminal to the first feed terminal through the feed line, and then radiates into free space through the gradient gap.

8. The broadband arbitrary polarization multiplanar phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, By controlling the amplitude and phase of the radio frequency signal entering each basic array element, the antenna polarization can be adjusted to radiate signals with arbitrary polarization.

9. The broadband arbitrary polarization multiplanar phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna mounting top panel is a regular hexagon, and the number of antenna mounting side panels is 6. During installation, the antenna mounting top panel is parallel to the horizontal plane, and the antenna mounting side panels are at an angle of 60° to the horizontal plane. The antenna mounting top panel and the 6 antenna mounting side panels are spliced ​​together to form a heptahedral trapezoidal platform.

10. The broadband arbitrary polarization multiplanar phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The maximum electronic scanning angle range of a single antenna array is ±30°. All antenna arrays of the broadband arbitrary polarization multi-planar phased array antenna together achieve full-space beam coverage, where full-space refers to 180° in the elevation direction and 360° in the azimuth direction.

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