Antenna structure, antenna array and vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of antenna equipment, in particular to an antenna structure, an antenna array and a vehicle wherein the antenna structure (100) comprises: a circuit board (101) and an onboard oscillator (102) located on the circuit board (101); and the additional oscillator (103) is annular, and the two ends of the additional oscillator (103) are connected with the corresponding onboard oscillators (102). The antenna structure provided by the invention is at least used for optimizing the out-of-roundness of the signal in the signal diagram corresponding to the antenna structure or facilitating the adjustment of the directional diagram.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna equipment technology, and in particular to an antenna structure, antenna array, and vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Antennas are essential components for various smart devices; all devices that utilize radio technology require them.

[0003] Image transmission is a type of image transmission device based on software-defined radio technology, which can achieve high-quality remote control and monitoring in multiple frequency bands and modes; among them, the image transmission antenna generally operates in dual frequency bands, namely the 2.4GHz band and the 5.8GHz band.

[0004] If a pure PCB antenna solution is used, the signal non-circularity may be difficult to meet the requirements; if a loop antenna solution is used, the antenna may have a complicated installation process and the assembly accuracy may be difficult to guarantee, which may lead to deviations in actual parameters. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides an antenna structure, antenna array, and vehicle, which are at least used to optimize the non-circularity of the signal in the signal diagram corresponding to the antenna structure or to facilitate the adjustment of the radiation pattern.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of this application provides an antenna structure (100), which includes: a circuit board (101) and an onboard vibrator (102) located on the circuit board (101); an additional vibrator (103) which is ring-shaped and whose two ends are connected to a corresponding onboard vibrator (102).

[0007] In some embodiments, the circuit board (101) includes a power supply cable (203) disposed at one end to the center of the circuit board (101), and the power supply cable (203) at the center is electrically connected to the onboard vibrator (102).

[0008] In some embodiments, the antenna structure (100) further includes a return loss adjustment device (305), disposed on the circuit board (101) and connected to the feed cable (203), the return loss adjustment device (305) being used to convert a single-ended signal into a differential signal, and the differential signal driving the onboard vibrator (102).

[0009] In some embodiments, the circuit board (101) includes a differential signal cable or differential signal line, which drives the onboard oscillator (102) based on differential signal power supply.

[0010] In some embodiments, a plurality of onboard oscillators (102) are provided on the circuit board (101), and the plurality of onboard oscillators (102) are distributed on opposite sides of the circuit board (101).

[0011] In some embodiments, there are multiple additional oscillators (103), and the multiple additional oscillators (103) are respectively located on opposite sides of the circuit board (101).

[0012] In some embodiments, there are multiple additional oscillators (103), and the multiple additional oscillators (103) are located on the same side of the circuit board (101).

[0013] In some embodiments, a plurality of the additional oscillators (103) located on the same side of the circuit board (101) are nested together.

[0014] In some embodiments, the length of the additional oscillator (103) disposed on the inner side of the nest is greater than or equal to the length of the additional oscillator (103) disposed on the outer side of the nest.

[0015] In some embodiments, a plurality of nested additional oscillators (103) are spatially coupled.

[0016] In some embodiments, the circuit board (101) includes an upper wiring board (201) and a lower wiring board (202).

[0017] In some embodiments, the upper wiring board (201) is provided with a first groove (303) on the side near the lower wiring board (202); the lower wiring board (202) is provided with a second groove (403) on the side near the upper wiring board (201); after the upper wiring board (201) and the lower wiring board (202) are fitted together, the first groove (303) and the second groove (403) cooperate to form a wiring groove, which is used to accommodate the power supply cable (203).

[0018] In some embodiments, the power supply cable (203) includes a coaxial cable.

[0019] In some embodiments, the antenna structure (100) further includes a welding groove (404) disposed in the first groove (303) or the second groove (403), through which the feed cable is welded to the circuit board (101).

[0020] In some embodiments, the upper wiring board (201) includes: a first upper dielectric layer (301) and a first upper surface metal (310) located on the first upper dielectric layer (301); a first lower dielectric layer (302) and a first lower surface metal (320) located on the first lower dielectric layer (302); wherein the first upper surface metal (310) and the first lower surface metal (320) are connected by a first metal via (304) to form the onboard vibrator (102) located on one side of the upper wiring board (201).

[0021] In some embodiments, the lower wiring board (202) includes: a second upper dielectric layer (401) and a second upper surface metal (410) located on the second upper dielectric layer (401); a second lower dielectric layer (402) and a second lower surface metal (420) located on the second lower dielectric layer (402); wherein the second upper surface metal (410) and the second lower surface metal (420) are connected by a second metal via (405) to form the onboard vibrator (102) located on one side of the lower wiring board (202).

[0022] In some embodiments, the lower wiring board (202) further includes an intermediate solder layer (406) located between the second upper dielectric layer (401) and the second lower dielectric layer (402).

[0023] In some embodiments, the additional oscillator (103) is soldered to the onboard oscillator (102) by means of printed solder paste.

[0024] The second aspect of this application provides an antenna array (200) including a plurality of antenna structures (100) provided in the first aspect above, and the plurality of antenna structures (100) are connected to the same feed cable (203).

[0025] A third aspect of this application provides a vehicle that includes the antenna structure (100) provided in the first aspect above, or the antenna array (200) provided in the second aspect above.

[0026] The antenna structure provided in this application combines a circuit board antenna and a ring-shaped auxiliary element. The circuit board antenna has high processing precision, stable relative position, and its dimensions can be effectively guaranteed. On this basis, connecting the ring-shaped auxiliary element can increase the roundness of the signal pattern corresponding to the antenna structure. Furthermore, the radius, size, and number of the connected ring-shaped auxiliary elements can be adjusted according to different application scenarios to expand the applicability of the antenna structure.

[0027] In addition, the antenna structure provided in this application, compared with reducing the size of the circuit board antenna and setting a ring-shaped auxiliary vibrator at one end, makes it easier to ensure the processing accuracy, simplifies the manufacturing process, effectively reduces the manufacturing cost, and makes it easier to adjust the parameters of the auxiliary vibrator. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled components of the antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembled antenna structure provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a structure with only a single-sided additional oscillator provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a structure with only a single additional oscillator on one side, provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the upper-layer wiring board provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lower layer wiring board provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna array provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0037] In the description of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more described features. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0038] In this application, the term "exemplary" is used to mean "serving as an example, illustration, or description." Any embodiment described as "exemplary" in this application is not necessarily to be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments. The following description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use this application. Details are set forth in the following description for purposes of explanation. It should be understood that those skilled in the art will recognize that this application can be made without using these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and processes are not described in detail to avoid obscuring the description of this application with unnecessary detail. Therefore, this application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is consistent with the broadest scope of the principles and features claimed in this application.

[0039] Furthermore, this application uses specific terms to describe embodiments of the application. For example, "an embodiment," "one embodiment," and / or "some embodiments" refer to a particular feature, structure, or characteristic associated with at least one embodiment of the application. Therefore, it should be emphasized and noted that "an embodiment," "one embodiment," or "an alternative embodiment" mentioned twice or more in different locations in this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, certain features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments of the application can be appropriately combined.

[0040] Similarly, it should be noted that, in order to simplify the description of the present application and thus aid in the understanding of one or more embodiments, the foregoing description of the embodiments of the present application sometimes combines multiple features into a single embodiment, drawing, or description thereof. However, this disclosure method does not imply that the subject matter of the present application requires more features than those mentioned in the claims. In fact, the embodiments contain fewer features than all the features of the single embodiments disclosed above.

[0041] In some embodiments, numbers describing the quantity of components and attributes are used. It should be understood that such numbers used in the description of embodiments are modified in some examples with the terms "approximately," "approximately," or "generally." Unless otherwise stated, "approximately," "approximately," or "generally" indicates that the numbers are allowed to vary by ±20%. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters used in the specification and claims are approximate values, which may be changed depending on the characteristics required by individual embodiments. In some embodiments, numerical parameters should be considered for specifying significant digits and employing a general method of digit reservation. Although the numerical ranges and parameters used to confirm their breadth of range in some embodiments of this application are approximate values, in specific embodiments, such numerical values ​​are set as precisely as feasible.

[0042] For each patent, patent application, patent application publication, and other material such as articles, books, specifications, publications, and documents referenced in this application, the entire contents of that application are incorporated herein by reference, except for historical application documents that are inconsistent with or conflict with the content of this application, and documents that limit the broadest scope of the claims of this application (currently or subsequently appended to this application). It should be noted that if there are any inconsistencies or conflicts between the descriptions, definitions, and / or terminology used in the supplementary materials of this application and the examples in this application, the descriptions, definitions, and / or terminology used in this application shall prevail.

[0043] As is known from the background technology, for image transmission antennas, if a pure PCB antenna solution is used, the non-circularity of the signal may be difficult to meet the standard; if a loop antenna solution is used, the antenna may have a complicated installation process and the assembly accuracy may be difficult to guarantee, which may lead to deviations in actual parameters.

[0044] This embodiment provides an antenna structure, which is at least used to optimize the non-circularity of the signal in the signal diagram corresponding to the antenna structure or to facilitate the adjustment of the radiation pattern.

[0045] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled components of the antenna structure provided in this embodiment. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembled antenna structure provided in this embodiment. The antenna structure provided in this embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0046] The antenna structure 100 provided in this embodiment includes: a circuit board 101, and an onboard vibrator 102 located on the circuit board 101; an additional vibrator 103, which is ring-shaped, and the two ends of the additional vibrator 103 are connected to a corresponding onboard vibrator 102.

[0047] For the annular additional oscillator 103, this embodiment does not limit the angle of the annulus; for example, the additional oscillator 103 can be a semi-circular annular additional oscillator 103, a superior arc-shaped additional oscillator 103, or a inferior arc-shaped additional oscillator 103. It should be noted that the shape of the additional oscillator 103 mentioned above refers to the cross-sectional shape of the additional oscillator 103 in the bending direction plane.

[0048] For the onboard oscillator 102, the number of onboard oscillators 102 on the circuit board 101 can be one or more. It should be noted that... Figure 1 The example uses a circuit board 101 with four pairs of onboard vibrators 102 as an example for illustration, which does not constitute a limitation on this embodiment. In specific applications, the number of onboard vibrators 102 on the circuit board 101 can be specifically set according to the actual needs of the antenna structure 100.

[0049] refer to Figure 1 The four pairs of plate-mounted oscillators 102 are designated as a first plate-mounted oscillator, a second plate-mounted oscillator, a third plate-mounted oscillator, and a fourth plate-mounted oscillator. The first plate-mounted oscillator includes a first plate-mounted oscillator cathode 102-1 and a first plate-mounted oscillator anode 102-2; the second plate-mounted oscillator includes a second plate-mounted oscillator cathode 102-3 and a second plate-mounted oscillator anode 102-4; the third plate-mounted oscillator includes a third plate-mounted oscillator cathode 102-5 and a third plate-mounted oscillator anode 102-6; and the fourth plate-mounted oscillator includes a fourth plate-mounted oscillator cathode 102-7 and a fourth plate-mounted oscillator anode 102-8.

[0050] Regarding the additional vibrator 103, the antenna structure 100 can have one or more additional vibrators 103, but the number of additional vibrators 103 is less than or equal to the number of onboard vibrators 102. That is, some of the onboard vibrators 102 on the circuit board 101 are connected to the additional vibrators 103, while some are not connected to the additional vibrators 103. It should be noted that... Figure 1 The example uses an antenna structure 100 with four pairs of additional vibrators 103 as an example for illustration, which does not constitute a limitation on this embodiment. In specific applications, the number of additional vibrators 103 in the antenna structure 100 can be specifically set according to the actual needs of the antenna structure 100.

[0051] Continue to refer to Figure 1 The four pairs of additional oscillators 103 are: the first additional oscillator pair 103-1, the second additional oscillator pair 103-2, the third additional oscillator pair 103-3, and the fourth additional oscillator pair 103-4. Specifically, the two ends of the first additional oscillator pair 103-1 are connected to the first plate-mounted oscillator; the two ends of the second additional oscillator pair 103-2 are connected to the second plate-mounted oscillator; the two ends of the third additional oscillator pair 103-3 are connected to the third plate-mounted oscillator; and the two ends of the fourth additional oscillator pair 103-4 are connected to the fourth plate-mounted oscillator.

[0052] The antenna structure 100 provided in this embodiment combines a circuit board antenna and a ring-shaped auxiliary element 103. The circuit board antenna has high processing precision, stable relative position, and its size can be effectively guaranteed. On this basis, connecting the ring-shaped auxiliary element 103 can increase the roundness of the signal diagram corresponding to the antenna structure. Furthermore, the radius, size, and number of the connected ring-shaped auxiliary elements 103 can be adjusted according to different usage scenarios to expand the applicability of the antenna structure 100.

[0053] In addition, compared with reducing the size of the circuit board antenna and setting a single-end ring-shaped auxiliary element 103, the antenna structure 100 provided in this embodiment is easier to ensure in terms of processing accuracy, the manufacturing process is simpler, the manufacturing cost can be effectively reduced, and the parameters of the auxiliary element 103 are easier to adjust.

[0054] In some embodiments, the circuit board 101 includes a power supply cable 203, which is disposed from one end of the circuit board 101 to the center position, and the power supply cable 203 at the center position of the circuit board 101 is electrically connected to the onboard vibrator 102.

[0055] In some embodiments, the antenna structure 100 includes a return loss adjustment device, which is disposed on the circuit board 101 and connected to the feed cable 203. The return loss adjustment device 305 is used to convert a single-ended signal into a differential signal and drive the onboard vibrator 102 by the differential signal.

[0056] Specifically, the power supply cable 203 is used to introduce a single-ended signal. The single-ended signal introduced by the power supply cable 203 is converted into a differential signal based on the return loss adjustment device, and the differential signal is provided to the onboard vibrator 102 so that the onboard vibrator 102 is driven based on the differential signal.

[0057] In this embodiment, a single-ended signal with a built-in shielding layer is fed in from one end of the circuit board 101, reaches the center of the circuit board 101, and is converted into a differential signal based on the return loss adjustment device to drive the onboard oscillator 102. In one example, the differential signal includes a first signal and a second signal, wherein the first signal is transmitted to the anode of the onboard oscillator 102, and the second signal is transmitted to the cathode of the onboard oscillator 102, so as to drive the onboard oscillator 102 based on the differential signal.

[0058] In some embodiments, the power supply signal itself is a differential signal, which may or may not have a shielding layer. In one example, circuit board 101 includes differential signal cables that power and drive onboard vibrator 102 based on the differential signal. In another example, circuit board 101 includes differential signal lines that power and drive onboard vibrator 102 based on the differential signal lines.

[0059] In some embodiments, a plurality of onboard oscillators 102 are provided on the circuit board 101, and the plurality of onboard oscillators 102 are distributed on opposite sides of the circuit board 101.

[0060] In one example, multiple onboard oscillators are distributed on opposite sides of circuit board 101, and there can also be multiple onboard oscillators 102 located on the same side of circuit board 101. (See reference) Figure 1 The first and second onboard vibrators are onboard vibrators 102 located on the same side of the circuit board 101, and the third and fourth onboard vibrators are onboard vibrators 102 located on the same side of the circuit board 101; the first and third onboard vibrators are onboard vibrators 102 located on opposite sides of the circuit board 101, and the second and fourth onboard vibrators are onboard vibrators 102 located on opposite sides of the circuit board 101.

[0061] In some embodiments, the vibration frequencies of the onboard vibrators 102 located on the same side of the circuit board 101 may be the same or different; that is, for the first onboard vibrator and the second onboard vibrator, the vibration frequencies of the first onboard vibrator and the second onboard vibrator may be different or the same.

[0062] In one example, if the vibration frequencies of the first plate vibrator and the second plate vibrator are the same, the antenna structure 100 can improve the gain of the transmitted signal at that frequency by setting multiple vibrators with the same frequency.

[0063] In one example, if the vibration frequencies of the first plate vibrator and the second plate vibrator are different, the antenna structure 100 can form a multi-band antenna by setting vibrators of different frequencies.

[0064] In some embodiments, the vibration frequencies of the onboard vibrators 102 located on opposite sides of the circuit board 101 and arranged opposite each other can be the same or different; that is, for the first onboard vibrator and the third onboard vibrator, the vibration frequencies of the first onboard vibrator and the third onboard vibrator can be different or the same.

[0065] In one example, if the vibration frequencies of the first plate-borne vibrator and the third plate-borne vibrator are the same, the antenna structure 100 improves the roundness of the signal in the corresponding signal diagram by setting the vibration frequencies of the different side plate-borne vibrators to be the same.

[0066] In one example, if the vibration frequencies of the first plate vibrator and the third plate vibrator are different, the antenna structure 100 can improve the signal adaptability of the antenna structure 100 in different directions by setting plate vibrators with corresponding vibration frequencies on different sides.

[0067] It should be noted that the first and second onboard oscillators serve as oscillators on one side of the circuit board 101, while the third and fourth onboard oscillators serve as oscillators on the other side of the circuit board 101. The oscillators on both sides of the circuit board 101 can be configured in the same or different ways, depending on the application and scenario to be adapted.

[0068] refer to Figures 2-4 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a structure with only a single-sided additional oscillator provided in this embodiment. Figure 4 The diagram below shows the structure of the antenna provided in this embodiment, which has only a single additional vibrator on one side. The antenna structure provided in this embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0069] In some embodiments, there are multiple additional oscillators 103, and the multiple additional oscillators are located on opposite sides of the circuit board 101.

[0070] refer to Figure 2 Multiple additional oscillators 103 can be disposed on opposite sides of the circuit board 101, with multiple additional oscillators on each side; see reference. Figure 4 Multiple additional oscillators 103 can be disposed on opposite sides of the circuit board 101, with one additional oscillator on each side.

[0071] In some embodiments, the number of additional oscillators 103 is multiple, and the multiple additional oscillators are located on the same side of the circuit board.

[0072] refer to Figure 3 Multiple additional elements 103 may be disposed on any one side of the circuit board 101; correspondingly, the antenna structure 100 may include only one additional element (not shown in this embodiment).

[0073] In one example, if each side of the circuit board 101 includes a high-frequency onboard vibrator and a low-frequency onboard vibrator.

[0074] For example, if you want to enhance radiation in a certain direction, you don't need to worry about the out-of-roundness; you can attach an additional vibrator 103 in the direction that needs to be enhanced. Correspondingly, if you want to enhance the high-frequency radiation in a certain direction, you can attach an additional vibrator to the high-frequency onboard vibrator in the direction that needs to be enhanced.

[0075] For example, if you want to enhance the low-frequency radiation in a certain direction, you can attach an additional vibrator to the low-frequency onboard vibrator in the direction that needs to be enhanced.

[0076] For example, if it is desired to increase the roundness of the signal pattern, additional oscillators 103 are mounted on both sides of the circuit board 101; correspondingly, if it is desired to increase the high-frequency roundness of the signal pattern, additional oscillators 103 are mounted on the high-frequency onboard oscillators on both sides of the circuit board 101.

[0077] For example, if it is desired to increase the low-frequency roundness of the signal pattern, additional oscillators 103 are mounted on the low-frequency onboard oscillators on both sides of the circuit board 101.

[0078] It should be noted that, in one example, if both sides of the circuit board include onboard vibrators 102 of the same frequency, attaching additional vibrators 103 to the onboard vibrators 102 of the same frequency can improve the gain of the signal diagram in the horizontal direction and improve the roundness of the signal in the signal diagram.

[0079] In some embodiments, a plurality of additional oscillators 103 located on the same side of the circuit board 101 are nested together.

[0080] refer to Figure 2 An additional vibrator located on the same side of the circuit board 101 is nested to avoid increasing the overall size of the antenna structure 100.

[0081] In one example, the length of the additional oscillator 103 located inside the nest is greater than or equal to the length of the additional oscillator 103 located outside the nest. It should be noted that, referring to... Figure 2 The length of the additional oscillator 103 described in this embodiment refers to the size of the additional oscillator 103 in the AB direction.

[0082] In some embodiments, multiple nested additional oscillators 103 are spatially coupled. In one example, when multiple pairs of additional oscillators 103 are nested together, the additional oscillators 103 on the same side do not need to be electrically connected, but are arranged based on spatial coupling.

[0083] In some embodiments, the additional vibrator 103 is soldered to the onboard vibrator 102 by means of printed solder paste. Soldering the additional vibrator 103 to the onboard vibrator 102 by means of printed solder paste connects the additional vibrator 103 and the onboard vibrator 102, thereby simplifying the fabrication process of the antenna structure 100 and reducing the fabrication and cost of the antenna structure 100.

[0084] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the upper-layer wiring board provided in this embodiment. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the lower layer wiring board provided in this embodiment.

[0085] In some embodiments, the circuit board 101 includes an upper wiring board 201 and a lower wiring board 202. Setting the circuit board 101 into two parts, upper and lower, facilitates the installation of onboard oscillators 102 and additional oscillators 103 on both sides of the circuit board 101.

[0086] In some embodiments, the upper wiring board 201 has a first groove 303 on the side near the lower wiring board 202, and the lower wiring board 202 has a second groove 403 on the side near the upper wiring board 201. After the upper wiring board 201 and the lower wiring board 202 are assembled together, the first groove 303 and the second groove 403 cooperate to form a wiring channel, which is used to accommodate the feed cable 203. By hollowing out the circuit board 101 at the position corresponding to the feed cable 203, the wiring of the feed cable 203 is facilitated; by setting the circuit board 101 as two pieces, the feed cable 203 can be accommodated by a slot in the middle of the circuit board 101, thus reducing the overall area of ​​the antenna structure 100.

[0087] In some embodiments, the power supply cable 203 includes a coaxial cable.

[0088] In one example, refer to Figure 1 The antenna structure 100 is fed by a coaxial cable, and the signal is received from the right end of the coaxial cable. At the left end of the coaxial cable, the core of the coaxial cable is fed by the onboard vibrator 102 on the upper wiring board 201, and the outer layer of the coaxial cable is fed by the onboard vibrator 102 on the lower wiring board 202.

[0089] In some embodiments, the coaxial cable feeds the onboard vibrator 102 on the upper wiring board 201 and the onboard vibrator 102 on the lower wiring board 202 based on differential signals. Feeding the onboard vibrator via differential signals avoids the influence of the feeding network on the antenna structure 100. Furthermore, the differential signals feed a pair of vibrators, namely the cathode vibrator and the anode vibrator, in the antenna structure 100. Since the circuit board 101 antenna is a planar antenna, the signal pattern corresponding to the antenna structure 100 has a large non-circularity. By adding an additional vibrator 103, the isotropic performance of the antenna vibrator is enhanced, thereby reducing the non-circularity of the signal pattern corresponding to the antenna structure 100.

[0090] refer to Figure 1 As can be seen from the preceding text, the first plate-mounted oscillator includes a first plate-mounted oscillator cathode 102-1 and a first plate-mounted oscillator anode 102-2; the second plate-mounted oscillator includes a second plate-mounted oscillator cathode 102-3 and a second plate-mounted oscillator anode 102-4; the third plate-mounted oscillator includes a third plate-mounted oscillator cathode 102-5 and a third plate-mounted oscillator anode 102-6; and the fourth plate-mounted oscillator includes a fourth plate-mounted oscillator cathode 102-7 and a fourth plate-mounted oscillator anode 102-8.

[0091] In one example, the outer layer of the coaxial cable is connected to the cathode of the onboard vibrator 102 on the lower wiring board 202, and the core of the coaxial cable is connected to the anode of the onboard vibrator 102 on the upper wiring board 201.

[0092] The working principle of the antenna structure 100 provided in this embodiment is as follows: (1) Without the addition of the additional vibrator 103: After receiving the feed, the right end of the coaxial cable outputs to the left end. Then, the core part of the left end of the coaxial cable is connected to the anode vibrator of the upper wiring board 201, and the outer layer of the left end of the coaxial cable is connected to the cathode vibrator of the lower wiring board 202. Under the action of the return loss adjustment device, the single-ended signal is converted into a differential signal, and the radio frequency signal is generated by the onboard vibrator 102. (2) With the addition of the additional vibrator 103: The radio frequency signal generated by the onboard vibrator 102 is adjusted by the additional vibrator 103, thereby reducing the non-circularity of the radiation pattern and making the radius of the radiation pattern in each direction converge. (3) When an additional vibrator 103 is added to one side of the antenna structure 100, while no additional vibrator 103 is added to the other side: the amplitude of the side with the additional vibrator 103 is enhanced, the directivity of the antenna structure 100 is adjusted, and the frequency characteristics and directional characteristics can also be changed by increasing the length, curvature, etc. of the additional vibrator 103.

[0093] Accordingly, in one example, the outer layer of the coaxial cable can be configured to connect to the cathode of the onboard vibrator 102 on the upper wiring board 201, and the core of the coaxial cable can be connected to the anode of the onboard vibrator 102 on the lower wiring board 202.

[0094] In some embodiments, the location for converting the coaxial signal to a differential signal is not at the center of the vibrator pair, but at one end of the circuit board 101 to facilitate the routing of the circuit board 101; in some embodiments, a differential signal can be directly provided to the antenna structure 100, and then fed to the cathode and anode or the positive and negative poles of the vibrator pair respectively through a microstrip line to the middle of the vibrator pair.

[0095] As described above, the circuit board 101 may have multiple onboard vibrators 102. In some embodiments, the multiple onboard vibrators 102 located on the circuit board 101 are connected in parallel via coaxial cables. By connecting multiple onboard vibrators 102 in parallel, the intensity of the driving signal received by different onboard vibrators 102 is the same, making the radiation pattern more symmetrical along the horizontal direction. In addition, the fact that the intensity of the driving signal received by different onboard vibrators 102 is the same ensures that the radiation intensity of different vibrator pairs is the same, and the signals are easy to superimpose, thereby ensuring that the radiation direction is horizontal and the power is maximized in the horizontal direction.

[0096] In some embodiments, the antenna structure 100 further includes a welding groove 404 disposed in the second groove 403, through which the feed cable 203 is welded to the circuit board 101. By providing the welding groove 404 in the second groove 403, the feed cable 203 and the circuit board 101 are welded and fixed, and the welding groove 404 can be formed together with the second groove 403, simplifying the formation process of the antenna structure 100.

[0097] It should be noted that this embodiment uses the example of the welding groove 404 being disposed in the second groove 403 for illustration, and does not constitute a limitation on the position of the welding groove; in some embodiments, the welding groove 404 may also be disposed in the first groove 303; in some embodiments, the welding groove 404 may also be partially disposed in the first groove 303 and partially disposed in the second groove 403. When the upper wiring board 201 and the lower wiring board 202 are attached and assembled, the first groove 303 and the second groove 403 form the welding groove 404.

[0098] refer to Figure 5 In some embodiments, the upper wiring board 201 includes a first upper dielectric layer 301 and a first upper surface metal 310 located on the first upper dielectric layer 301; a first lower dielectric layer 302 and a first lower surface metal 320 located on the first lower dielectric layer 302; wherein the first upper surface metal 310 and the first lower surface metal 320 are connected through a first metal via 304 to form an onboard vibrator 102 located on one side of the upper wiring board 201.

[0099] In some embodiments, the upper wiring board 201 further includes a return loss adjustment device 305, which is located between the first upper dielectric layer 301 and the first lower dielectric layer 302.

[0100] In one example, the return loss adjustment device 305 is a copper foil disposed between the first upper dielectric layer 301 and the first lower dielectric layer 302.

[0101] refer to Figure 6 In some embodiments, the lower wiring board 202 includes a second upper dielectric layer 401 and a second upper surface metal 410 located on the second upper dielectric layer 401; a second lower dielectric layer 402 and a second lower surface metal 420 located on the second lower dielectric layer 402; wherein the second upper surface metal 410 and the second lower surface metal 420 are connected through a second metal via 405 to form an onboard vibrator 102 located on one side of the lower wiring board 202.

[0102] In some embodiments, the lower wiring board 202 further includes an intermediate solder layer 406, which is located between the second upper dielectric layer 401 and the second lower dielectric layer 402. The intermediate solder layer 406 is used for soldering the coaxial cable at the solder groove 404 to the circuit board 101.

[0103] In summary, the antenna structure 100 provided in this embodiment, combined with the circuit board antenna and the ring-shaped auxiliary element 103, has high processing precision, stable relative position, and its dimensions can be effectively guaranteed. On this basis, connecting the ring-shaped auxiliary element 103 can increase the roundness of the signal diagram corresponding to the antenna structure, and the radius, size, and number of the connected ring-shaped auxiliary element 103 can be adjusted according to different usage scenarios to expand the applicability of the antenna structure 100.

[0104] In addition, compared with reducing the size of the circuit board antenna and setting a single-end ring-shaped auxiliary element 103, the antenna structure 100 provided in this embodiment is easier to ensure in terms of processing accuracy, the manufacturing process is simpler, the manufacturing cost can be effectively reduced, and the parameters of the auxiliary element 103 are easier to adjust.

[0105] It should be noted that, without conflict, the features disclosed in the antenna structure 100 provided in the above embodiments can be randomly combined to obtain new antenna structure 100 embodiments.

[0106] Another embodiment of this application also provides an antenna array 200, which includes multiple antenna structures 100 provided in the above embodiments, and the multiple antenna structures 100 are connected to the same feed cable.

[0107] refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7 The diagram below is a structural schematic of the antenna array provided in this embodiment. The antenna array provided in this embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0108] Specifically, the antenna array 200 includes multiple antenna structures 100 to improve the signal gain of the antenna structures 100. The structures of the different antenna structures 100 can be different or the same.

[0109] In one example, the onboard vibrators of different antenna structures 100 can be configured differently or the same, and can be adjusted according to the scenario that the antenna array 200 needs to adapt to.

[0110] In one example, the additional vibrators of different antenna structures 100 can be set in different ways, or they can be the same, and can be adjusted according to the scenario that the antenna array 200 needs to adapt to.

[0111] In one example, different antenna structures 100 can be set up based on the same circuit board.

[0112] Another embodiment of this application provides a means of transportation that includes the antenna structure 100 provided in the above embodiments, or the antenna array 200 provided in the above embodiments.

[0113] The exclusive right of this means of transport possesses all the beneficial effects of the aforementioned minimally protected subject matter, which will not be elaborated upon here. This means of transport may be a gasoline-powered vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, or a new energy vehicle, etc., and this application does not specifically limit it in this regard.

[0114] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the detailed descriptions of other embodiments above, which will not be repeated here.

[0115] The basic concepts have been described above. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, the detailed disclosure above is merely illustrative and does not constitute a limitation of this application. Although not explicitly stated herein, those skilled in the art may make various modifications, improvements, and corrections to this application. Such modifications, improvements, and corrections are suggested in this application, and therefore remain within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of this application.

[0116] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of an antenna structure, antenna array, and vehicle provided in the embodiments of this application. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the embodiments above are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. An antenna structure (100), characterized by, The application relates to a circuit board (101) and an on-board oscillator (102) arranged on the circuit board (101). An additional oscillator (103) is arranged in a ring shape, and two ends of the additional oscillator (103) are connected to corresponding on-board oscillators (102). The circuit board (101) comprises a feed cable (203) arranged at a center position of one end of the circuit board (101), and the feed cable (203) is electrically connected to the on-board oscillators (102) at the center position.

2. The antenna structure (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that The application further relates to a return loss adjusting device (305) arranged on the circuit board (101) and connected to the feed cable (203), wherein the return loss adjusting device (305) is used for converting a single-end signal into a differential signal and driving the on-board oscillators (102) by the differential signal.

3. The antenna structure (100) according to claim 2, characterized in that The circuit board (101) comprises a differential signal cable or a differential signal line which is used for driving the on-board oscillators (102) based on a differential signal feed. A plurality of on-board oscillators (102) are arranged on the circuit board (101), and the on-board oscillators (102) are distributed on opposite sides of the circuit board (101).

4. The antenna structure (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that A plurality of additional oscillators (103) are arranged on opposite sides of the circuit board (101).

5. The antenna structure (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that A plurality of additional oscillators (103) are arranged on the same side of the circuit board (101).

6. The antenna structure (100) according to claim 5, characterized in that The additional oscillators (103) arranged on the same side of the circuit board (101) are arranged in a nested mode.

7. The antenna structure (100) according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that The length of the additional oscillators (103) arranged on the inner side of the nest is greater than or equal to the length of the additional oscillators (103) arranged on the outer side of the nest.

8. The antenna structure (100) according to any one of claims 5-7, characterized by The additional oscillators (103) arranged in the nested mode are spatially coupled.

9. The antenna structure (100) according to claim 8, characterized in that The circuit board (101) comprises an upper wiring board (201) and a lower wiring board (202).

10. The antenna structure (100) according to claim 8, characterized in that The upper wiring board (201) is provided with a first groove (303) on a side close to the lower wiring board (202), and the lower wiring board (202) is provided with a second groove (403) on a side close to the upper wiring board (201).

11. The antenna structure (100) according to claim 2, characterized in that After the upper wiring board (201) and the lower wiring board (202) are assembled, the first groove (303) and the second groove (403) cooperatively form a wiring groove for accommodating the feed cable (203).

12. The antenna structure (100) according to claim 11, characterized in that The feed cable (203) comprises a coaxial cable. The application further relates to a welding groove (404) arranged in the first groove (303) or the second groove (403), and the feed cable is welded to the circuit board (101) through the welding groove (404).

13. The antenna structure (100) according to claim 12, characterized in that The upper wiring board (201) comprises a first upper dielectric layer (301) and a first upper surface metal (310) arranged on the first upper dielectric layer (301).

14. The antenna structure (100) according to claim 12, characterized in that ​ ​ 15. The antenna structure (100) according to claim 11, characterized in that ​ ​ a first lower dielectric layer (302), and a first lower surface metal (320) on the first lower dielectric layer (302); wherein the first upper surface metal (310) and the first lower surface metal (320) are connected by a first metal via (304) to form the on-board IDT (102) on one side of the upper wiring board (201).

16. The antenna structure (100) according to claim 11, characterized in that The lower wiring board (202) comprises: a second upper dielectric layer (401), and a second upper surface metal (410) on the second upper dielectric layer (401); a second lower dielectric layer (402), and a second lower surface metal (420) on the second lower dielectric layer (402); wherein the second upper surface metal (410) and the second lower surface metal (420) are connected by a second metal via (405) to form the on-board IDT (102) on one side of the lower wiring board (202).

17. The antenna structure (100) according to claim 16, characterized in that The lower wiring board (202) further comprises: an intermediate solder layer (406) between the second upper dielectric layer (401) and the second lower dielectric layer (402).

18. The antenna structure (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The additional IDT (103) is soldered to the on-board IDT (102) based on a printed tin paste method.

19. An antenna array (200), characterized by The antenna array (200) comprises a plurality of antenna structures (100) as claimed in any one of claims 1-18, and the plurality of antenna structures (100) are connected to the same feeding cable (203).

20. A vehicle, characterized by The antenna array (200) comprises an antenna structure (100) as claimed in any one of claims 1-18, or as claimed in claim 19.

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