Antenna, glass assembly and vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses an antenna, at least part of the antenna is suitable for being arranged in a light-transmitting area of glass, a radiator of the antenna comprises two conductive parts, the light transmittance of the first conductive part is larger than or equal to 85%, and the light transmittance of the second conductive part is larger than that of the first conductive part. The antenna can be arranged in the light-transmitting area of the glass and is far away from the black edge area, so that the signal interference of peripheral devices on the antenna is reduced, and the sight of a driver is not shielded.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vehicle technology, and more particularly to an antenna, a glass assembly, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of automotive intelligence and connectivity, the demand for various wireless communication functions in automobiles is experiencing explosive growth. Traditional automotive antennas are usually independent and external, which not only detracts from the overall aesthetics of the vehicle but also increases wind resistance and noise. Therefore, related technologies integrate the antenna into the black edge of the glass to address these issues. However, this technology makes the antenna susceptible to signal interference from surrounding devices. Furthermore, while placing it in an area of ​​the glass away from the black edge may reduce interference, it can obstruct the driver's view, posing a safety hazard. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, one object of the present invention is to provide an antenna that has high light transmittance, high conductivity, and flexible vibration resistance in the visible light range, so that it can be placed in the light-transmitting area of ​​glass, away from the dark edge area, thereby reducing signal interference from surrounding devices to the antenna and not obstructing the driver's view.

[0004] The second objective of this invention is to provide a glass assembly.

[0005] The third objective of this invention is to provide a vehicle.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] An embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention provides an antenna, the antenna being at least partially adapted to be disposed in the light-transmitting area of ​​glass, and the radiator of the antenna comprising two conductive components, the first conductive component having a light transmittance greater than or equal to 85%, and the second conductive component having a light transmittance greater than that of the first conductive component.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the antenna radiator is formed by combining a first conductive component with a high transmittance of more than 85% in the visible light range and a second conductive component with even higher transmittance. This allows the antenna to be placed in the light-transmitting area of ​​the glass, away from the dark edge area, thereby reducing signal interference from surrounding devices and not obstructing the driver's view.

[0009] In some embodiments, the conductivity of both the first conductive component and the second conductive component is greater than or equal to 10. 6 s / m.

[0010] In some embodiments, the first conductive component is an indium tin oxide thin film, and the second conductive component is a silver nanowire network thin film.

[0011] A second aspect of the present invention provides a glass assembly including an antenna as described in the above embodiments and a glass body, wherein the antenna is at least partially disposed in a light-transmitting area on the glass body.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the glass assembly has a built-in high-transparency, high-conductivity, and high-flexibility antenna located in the transparent area, which reduces the interference of surrounding devices on the antenna signal while providing the driver with a clear field of vision.

[0013] In some embodiments, the glass body includes a first glass and a second glass stacked together, and the antenna is disposed between the first glass and the second glass.

[0014] In some embodiments, the minimum distance between the antenna and the edge of the glass body is d1, which satisfies: d1 > 10cm.

[0015] In some embodiments, there are multiple antennas.

[0016] In some embodiments, the minimum distance between adjacent antennas is d2, which satisfies: d2≥10cm.

[0017] In some embodiments, the glass assembly further includes a connector and an internal signal transmission wire; the internal signal transmission wire is disposed in the light-transmitting area, and the signal transmission element of the internal signal transmission wire includes the first conductive component and the second conductive component; the connector is disposed in the light-shielding area of ​​the glass body; the antenna is connected to the connector via the internal signal transmission wire.

[0018] In some embodiments, the internal signal transmission conductor further includes a signal shielding layer that encloses the signal transmission element of the internal signal transmission conductor.

[0019] In some embodiments, the connector includes an electrically connected core and an external signal transmission conductor; the core is also connected to the internal signal transmission conductor; wherein the core further includes an inner transmission coil and an outer shielding coil, the inner transmission coil is connected to the signal transmission element of the internal signal transmission conductor, and the outer shielding coil is connected to the signal shielding layer of the internal signal transmission conductor.

[0020] In some embodiments, the antenna includes a feed point and a feed location, the feed point being connected to a signal transmission element of the internal signal transmission conductor, and the feed location being connected to a signal shielding layer of the internal signal transmission conductor.

[0021] A third aspect of the present invention provides a vehicle including an antenna or glass assembly as described in the above embodiments.

[0022] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the vehicle has a glass assembly with a high-transparency, high-conductivity, and high-flexibility antenna located in the transparent area, which reduces the interference of surrounding devices on the antenna signal while providing the driver with a clear view.

[0023] In some embodiments, the vehicle includes a glass assembly as described in the above embodiments, the glass assembly being configured as the windshield of the vehicle. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a partial schematic diagram of a glass assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 A microscopic view of a silver nanowire network thin film according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna radiator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna radiator according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna radiator according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna radiator according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna radiator according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna radiator according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a glass assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 10 This is a partial schematic diagram of a glass assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 11 This is a partial schematic diagram of a glass assembly according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 12 This is a partial schematic diagram of a glass assembly according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 13 This is a partial schematic diagram of a glass assembly according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 14 In accordance with the present invention Figure 13 A magnified view of a portion of the image.

[0039] Figure label:

[0040] 1-Antenna; 11-Radiator; 111-First conductive component; 112-Second conductive component; 113-Feed point; 114-Feed location;

[0041] 2-Glass body; 21-First glass; 22-Second glass; 23-Interface; 3-Connector; 31-Wire core; 311-Inner transmission ring; 312-Outer shielding ring; 32-External signal transmission wire; 4-Internal signal transmission wire; 41-Signal transmission element; 42-Signal shielding layer. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or relative positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the above-described orientation can be flexibly set in practical applications, provided that the relative positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings is satisfied.

[0044] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0045] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "communication" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. They can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or a communication between the internal components of two elements. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0046] In embodiments of the invention, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0047] In embodiments of the present invention, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Rather, the use of the terms "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0048] In the description of this specification, specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0049] With the rapid development of automotive intelligence and connectivity, the demand for various wireless communication functions in automobiles is experiencing explosive growth. 4G and 5G communications bear the heavy responsibility of real-time data transmission, enabling vehicles to achieve efficient information interaction with the outside world, such as remote diagnostics, intelligent navigation, and real-time traffic updates. BeiDou GPS provides precise vehicle positioning and is an indispensable key to navigation systems. FM radio brings entertainment and real-time information to drivers. WiFi allows passengers to connect mobile devices and enjoy internet access. Bluetooth connects to mobile phones and other devices, enabling hands-free calling and music playback. However, traditional automotive antennas are mostly independent and external, which not only detracts from the overall aesthetics of the vehicle but also increases wind resistance and noise. Furthermore, the installation of multiple independent antennas not only occupies a lot of space but also significantly reduces signal stability in different environments. To meet the diverse wireless communication needs of automobiles and overcome the many drawbacks of traditional antennas, integrating multiple antennas into the windshield has become an important research direction in this field. While some technologies integrate antennas within the glass, these are typically located in the black border area of ​​the glass, making them susceptible to interference from surrounding electronic devices.

[0050] The following is for reference. Figures 1-14 Antenna 1, glass assembly, and vehicle are described according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0051] An embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention provides an antenna 1, which is at least partially adapted to be disposed in the light-transmitting area of ​​glass, and the radiator 11 of the antenna 1 includes two conductive components, wherein the light transmittance of the first conductive component 111 is greater than or equal to 85%, and the light transmittance of the second conductive component 112 is greater than the light transmittance of the first conductive component 111.

[0052] Specifically, such as Figure 9As shown, antenna 1 is at least partially adapted to be disposed in the light-transmitting area of ​​the glass. To ensure that antenna 1 does not obstruct the driver's view even in the transparent area, this embodiment uses a first conductive component 111 with a light transmittance greater than or equal to 85%, and a second conductive component 112 with a light transmittance greater than that of the first conductive component 111. The two conductive components are combined to form the radiator 11 of antenna 1. This antenna 1 has extremely high light transmittance, and even when disposed in the transparent area of ​​the glass, it does not obstruct the view. At the same time, it is far away from surrounding electronic components, avoiding signal interference. It is understood that light transmittance is the visible light transmittance, which refers to the ability of visible light with wavelengths in the range of 380nm-760nm to pass through. The conductive component can be, but is not limited to, any two of indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), zinc oxide-copper (ZnO / Cu) mesh composite film, silver nanowires (AgNW), and tin dioxide-antimony dioxide (SnO2:Sb, abbreviated as SNO) thin film. According to this embodiment, the antenna 1 is formed by combining a first conductive component 111 with a high light transmittance of more than 85% in the visible light range and a second conductive component 112 with even higher light transmittance. This allows the antenna 1 to be placed in the light-transmitting area of ​​the glass, away from the black edge area, thereby reducing signal interference from surrounding devices to the antenna 1 and not obstructing the driver's view.

[0053] Furthermore, the antenna 1 in this embodiment includes, but is not limited to, a WiFi antenna, a Bluetooth antenna, a Beidou GPS navigation antenna, a 4G communication antenna, an FM receiving antenna, etc.

[0054] In some embodiments, the conductivity of both the first conductive component 111 and the second conductive component 112 is greater than or equal to 10. 6 s / m.

[0055] Specifically, in order to ensure the signal transmission efficiency of antenna 1 within the glass, the conductivity of both the first conductive component 111 and the second conductive component 112 in this embodiment is greater than or equal to 10. 6 The s / m value is used to achieve high conductivity in a sealed environment, ensuring fast and stable signal transmission.

[0056] In some embodiments, the first conductive component 111 is an indium tin oxide thin film, and the second conductive component 112 is a silver nanowire network thin film.

[0057] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the first conductive component 111 is an indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film, which is an inorganic composite material composed of 90% indium oxide and 10% tin oxide. It exhibits 85% to 95% transmittance in the visible light range of 380 nm to 760 nm, while maintaining a conductivity greater than or equal to 10. 6Due to its excellent optoelectronic properties, silver nanowire network film (s / m) is the preferred material for transparent antenna 1. The second conductive component 112 is a thin film of silver nanowire network, such as... Figure 2 As shown, equilateral hexagons composed of silver nanowires with a diameter of 80 nm and a length of 2000 nm are used to form silver nanowire network films of varying areas. The silver nanowire network films exhibit a transmittance of approximately 90% in the visible light region and a conductivity greater than or equal to 10⁻⁶. 6 The radiator 11 of antenna 1 is formed by bonding silver nanowire network film and indium tin oxide film with polyurethane, which has both high transmittance and high conductivity.

[0058] A second aspect of the present invention provides a glass assembly including an antenna 1 as described in the above embodiments and a glass body 2, wherein the antenna 1 is at least partially disposed in a light-transmitting area on the glass body 2.

[0059] Specifically, such as Figure 1 as well as Figures 10-14 As shown, the glass assembly is laminated glass or insulated glass, and the antenna 1 in the above embodiment is placed in the light-transmitting area of ​​the glass assembly. Due to the high light transmittance of the antenna 1, it can be arranged in the light-transmitting area without being interfered with by surrounding electronic components and without obstructing the driver's view; its high conductivity allows it to be arranged inside the enclosed glass, ensuring fast and stable signal transmission.

[0060] In some embodiments, the glass body 2 includes a first glass 21 and a second glass 22 stacked together, and the antenna 1 is disposed between the first glass 21 and the second glass 22.

[0061] Specifically, such as Figure 1 as well as Figures 10-14 As shown, the glass body 2 is provided with a first glass 21 and a second glass 22 stacked together, with an interlayer between the first glass 21 and the second glass 22, and the antenna 1 of the above embodiment is disposed in the interlayer. It can be understood that the laminated glass retains the light transmittance of glass, and at the same time makes up for the defects of traditional glass, such as "fragility and great safety hazards", through the interlayer.

[0062] In some embodiments, the minimum distance between the antenna 1 and the edge of the glass body 2 is d1, which satisfies: d1 > 10cm.

[0063] Specifically, to reduce interference from surrounding electronic components to antenna 1, this embodiment designs the minimum distance between antenna 1 and the edge of glass body 2 to be d1, where d1 > 10cm. Preferably, d1 is 16cm, 17cm, or 18cm.

[0064] In some embodiments, there are multiple antennas 1.

[0065] Specifically, such as Figure 9As shown, there are multiple antennas 1 inside the glass body 2, including WiFi antenna, Bluetooth antenna, Beidou GPS navigation antenna, 4G communication antenna, 5G communication antenna and FM receiving antenna. Different types of antennas have different functions, which enriches the application scenarios of the glass assembly.

[0066] It's important to note that the radiating structure of an antenna, i.e., its shape, is a core factor determining its operating frequency, radiation direction, gain, impedance characteristics, and application scenarios. Essentially, it involves adjusting the geometry of the radiator to change the distribution pattern of the radio frequency current, thereby achieving precise control over the electromagnetic wave radiation characteristics. Based on application scenarios and technical principles, antenna shapes can be categorized into dozens of types, such as... Figures 3-8 As shown.

[0067] In some embodiments, the minimum distance between adjacent antennas 1 is d2, which satisfies: d2≥10cm.

[0068] Specifically, to reduce mutual interference between multiple antennas 1, this embodiment designs the minimum distance between adjacent antennas 1 to be d2, where d2 ≥ 10cm. Preferably, d2 is 16cm, 17cm, or 18cm.

[0069] In some embodiments, the glass assembly further includes a connector 3 and an internal signal transmission wire 4; the internal signal transmission wire 4 is disposed in the light-transmitting area, and the signal transmission element 41 of the internal signal transmission wire 4 includes a first conductive component 111 and a second conductive component 112; the connector 3 is disposed in the light-shielding area of ​​the glass body 2; the antenna 1 is connected to the connector 3 through the internal signal transmission wire 4.

[0070] Specifically, such as Figure 9 as well as Figures 10-14 As shown, the glass assembly also includes a connector 3 and an internal signal transmission wire 4. The antenna 1 transmits signals to the connector 3 through the internal signal transmission wire 4. The internal signal transmission wire 4 is also located in the light-transmitting area. To make it have high light transmittance and high conductivity, the signal transmission element 41 of the internal signal transmission wire 4 is composed of the first conductive component 111 and the second conductive component 112 in the above embodiment. The connector 3 is located in the light-shielding area of ​​the glass body 2. It usually has an external interface 23 to realize the signal connection with the external processor or controller of the glass assembly.

[0071] In some embodiments, the internal signal transmission wire 4 further includes a signal shielding layer 42, which encloses the signal transmission element 41 of the internal signal transmission wire 4.

[0072] Specifically, such as Figure 10As shown, in order to enhance the transmission efficiency of multiple internal signal transmission wires 4, a signal shielding layer 42 is also included. The signal shielding layer 42 wraps the signal transmission element 41 of the internal signal transmission wires 4, and its material can be, but is not limited to, indium tin oxide thin film.

[0073] In some embodiments, the connector 3 includes an electrically connected core 31 and an external signal transmission conductor 32; the core 31 is also connected to an internal signal transmission conductor 4; wherein the core 31 further includes an inner transmission ring 311 and an outer shielding ring 312, the inner transmission ring 311 is connected to the signal transmission element 41 of the internal signal transmission conductor 4, and the outer shielding ring 312 is connected to the signal shielding layer 42 of the internal signal transmission conductor 4.

[0074] Specifically, such as Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, an interface 23 is provided at the connection position between the glass assembly and the connector 3. The connector 3 includes a wire core 31 and an external signal transmission wire 32. The wire core 31 is inserted into the interface 23 and electrically connected to the internal signal transmission wire 4 inside the glass body 2. Specifically, the inner transmission ring 311 of the wire core 31 is connected to the signal transmission element 41 of the internal signal transmission wire 4, and the outer shielding ring 312 of the wire core 31 is connected to the signal shielding layer 42 of the internal signal transmission wire 4. The wire core 31 is also electrically connected to the external signal transmission wire 32, which is connected to an external processor or controller. This design can effectively shield interference signals and improve the accuracy of the signal transmission from the antenna 1 to the external processor or controller.

[0075] In some embodiments, the antenna 1 includes a feed point 113 and a feed point 114. The feed point 113 is connected to the signal transmission element 41 of the internal signal transmission line 4, and the feed point 114 is connected to the signal shielding layer 42 of the internal signal transmission line 4.

[0076] Specifically, such as Figures 3-8 As shown, antenna 1 includes a feed point 113 and a feed point 114. The feed point 113 is connected to the signal transmission element 41 of the internal signal transmission conductor 4, and the feed point 114 is connected to the signal shielding layer 42 of the internal signal transmission conductor 4. It can be understood that the feed point 113 and the feed point 114 of antenna 1 are the core nodes for realizing "signal transmission" and "antenna 1 matching", directly determining the radiation efficiency, impedance matching effect and signal transmission quality of antenna 1. The feed point 113 is responsible for "inputting / outputting radio frequency signals", and the feed point 114 is responsible for "providing a current return path". Together, they constitute a complete "signal loop", neither of which can be omitted.

[0077] A third aspect of the present invention provides a vehicle including an antenna 1 or a glass assembly as described in the above embodiments. In the vehicle according to the embodiments of the present invention, the glass assembly houses a high-transparency, high-conductivity, and high-flexibility antenna 1 located in a transparent area, reducing interference from surrounding devices on the antenna 1 signal while providing the driver with a clear view.

[0078] In some embodiments, the vehicle includes a glass assembly as described above, the glass assembly being configured as a windshield of the vehicle. The windshield is a "large transparent area" of the vehicle, capable of accommodating the arrangement requirements of various antennas 1.

[0079] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0080] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that, The antenna is at least partially adapted to be disposed in the light-transmitting area of ​​the glass, and the radiator of the antenna includes two conductive components, the first conductive component having a light transmittance greater than or equal to 85%, and the second conductive component having a light transmittance greater than that of the first conductive component.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conductivity of both the first conductive component and the second conductive component is greater than or equal to 10. 6 s / m.

3. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first conductive component is an indium tin oxide thin film, and the second conductive component is a silver nanowire network thin film.

4. A glass assembly, characterized in that, Includes the antenna as described in any one of claims 1-3 and the glass body, wherein the antenna is at least partially disposed in the light-transmitting area of ​​the glass body.

5. The glass assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that, The glass body includes a first glass and a second glass stacked together, and the antenna is disposed between the first glass and the second glass.

6. The glass assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that, The minimum distance between the antenna and the edge of the glass body is d1, which satisfies: d1 > 10cm.

7. The glass assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that, There are multiple antennas.

8. The glass assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that, The minimum distance between adjacent antennas is d2, which satisfies: d2≥10cm.

9. The glass assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that, The glass assembly also includes a connector and internal signal transmission wires; The internal signal transmission wire is disposed in the light-transmitting area, and the signal transmission element of the internal signal transmission wire includes the first conductive component and the second conductive component; The connecting base is disposed in the light-shielding area of ​​the glass body; The antenna is connected to the connector via the internal signal transmission wire.

10. The glass assembly according to claim 9, characterized in that, The internal signal transmission conductor also includes a signal shielding layer, which encloses the signal transmission element of the internal signal transmission conductor.

11. The glass assembly according to claim 9, characterized in that, The connector includes an electrically connected core and an external signal transmission conductor; the core is also connected to the internal signal transmission conductor; wherein, the core further includes an inner transmission coil and an outer shielding coil, the inner transmission coil is connected to the signal transmission element of the internal signal transmission conductor, and the outer shielding coil is connected to the signal shielding layer of the internal signal transmission conductor.

12. The glass assembly according to claim 9, characterized in that, The antenna includes a feed point and a feed location. The feed point is connected to the signal transmission element of the internal signal transmission conductor, and the feed location is connected to the signal shielding layer of the internal signal transmission conductor.

13. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the antenna as described in any one of claims 1-3 or the glass assembly as described in any one of claims 4-12.

14. The vehicle according to claim 13, characterized in that, The vehicle includes a glass assembly as described in any one of claims 4-12, the glass assembly being configured as the windshield of the vehicle.

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