Thermal control container

Abstract

A container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) is configured to contain a temperature sensitive cargo (112, 112a, 112b, 712). The container includes a plurality of walls, first and second temperature sensors (S1, S2), and a temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716). In response to determining that the first temperature value is outside the predetermined temperature range, the temperature control system is configured to direct conditioning air of the first volume (V1) to a first location in the interior (114) with at least a first fan (F1, R3) and to direct conditioning air of the second volume (V2) to a second location in the interior with a second fan (F2, R4) to vary airflow around the temperature-sensitive cargo. The first volume is greater than the second volume such that a temperature change at the first location is greater than a temperature change at the second location.

Description

Priority

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 524,765, filed July 3, 2023, entitled “Temperature Control Operations Configured for Frozen to Controllable Room Temperature with High Performance and Profile Flow Thermal Control Air Cargo Containers,” the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present application relates generally to cold chain or temperature controlled transportation, and more particularly to cold chain transportation through commercial aircraft. BACKGROUND

[0003] Various high value items are transported within temperature controlled containers (or shipping containers), preferably by air. These high value items can include pharmaceuticals (e.g., vaccines, organic compositions, individualized treatments, and / or perishable medical materials), food (e.g., seafood, spices, meats, yeast, and / or perishable food), and / or plants (e.g., flowers and / or seeds). For bulk cargo, pallet sized cargo, and other similarly sized cargo, larger insulated shipping containers can regulate the cargo temperature and include insulation to minimize losses from environmental conditions.

[0004] Generally, there are two types of shipping containers: (1) active containers and (2) passive containers. Active containers are capable of actively controlling the temperature of the cargo within the shipping container and include a control system to sense the temperature of the cargo hold, which instructs heating and cooling systems to maintain and correct for temperature deviations. Alternatively, passive systems do not have a control system and instead utilize pre-cooled materials as a heat reservoir. Passive systems can incorporate insulation to mitigate the effects of environmental parasitic temperatures, similar to a common ice cooler.

[0005] Air cargo containers and unit load devices (ULDs) attempt to achieve temperature control through, for example, heating and cooling systems for use on aircraft. Active standalone shipping containers include their own heating and cooling systems for the cargo hold (the interior of the container) without the need for external power or connections. Active standalone containers can rely on batteries and thermal conversion devices. Furthermore, active standalone ULDs are limited in performance by a tradeoff between energy consumption for thermal regulation, environmental loss effects, and the energy stored in the battery. The better the thermal insulation and the more efficient the control system, the longer the duration of operation.

[0006] Temperature control of the cargo hold of a ULD and load conditioning can have areas or regions that are underserved. These underserved areas or regions can be due to initial flow paths, cargo hold and cargo geometry, environmental influences, etc. These environmental influences can include, for example, environmental effects such as hot walls that can be exposed to the sun on hot days, windward faces on cold days, and / or door seals. A temperature control ULD can create overexposure to heat or cold in areas near the thermoregulated air outlets or in low air resistance areas, and underexposure in more distant areas (e.g., corners or crevices). It is undesirable for a first portion of the cargo to be subjected to one extreme exposure and a second portion of the cargo to be subjected to another extreme exposure (e.g., ice on the back, melt on the front).

[0007] Accordingly, there is a need for a container to hold temperature sensitive cargo to overcome these and other problems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0008] The accompanying drawings incorporated in and forming a part of the specification illustrate examples of the present application and, together with the description given below, serve to explain the principles of the application. In the drawings:

[0009] Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of a first exemplary container is shown, including a fan shroud and an optional first recirculation fan; Figure 2 A schematic view of selected components of the container of Figure 1 is shown; Figure 3 A schematic view of selected components of the container of Figure 1 is shown; Figure 4 A partial schematic cross-sectional view of the container of Figure 1 is shown, but including an optional moisture wicking device; Figure 5 A partial schematic cross-sectional view of the container of Figure 1 is shown, but including an optional moisture collector and storage container; Figure 6 A schematic cross-sectional view of the container of Figure 1 is shown, but including a second recirculation fan; Figure 7 A front perspective view of the fan shroud and fan of Figure 1 is shown; Figure 7A A cross-sectional view of Figure 7 taken along line 7A-7A is shown; Figure 8A A view of the container of Figure 1 and the Figure 6a schematic cross-sectional view of a louver and fan utilized with the fan enclosure of Figure 8B a schematic cross-sectional view of the louver of Figure 8A a schematic cross-sectional view of the louver of Figure 8C Figure 8B a schematic cross-sectional view of the louver of Figure 9A a schematic cross-sectional view of a twisted fan utilized with the container of Figure 1 Figure 6 a schematic perspective view of an axial fan grouped in a module utilized with the container of Figure 9B a schematic perspective view of an axial fan grouped in a module utilized with the container of Figure 1 Figure 6 a schematic cross-sectional view of a tubular fan utilized with the container of Figure 10 a schematic cross-sectional view of the rotor of the tubular fan of Figure 1 a schematic cross-sectional view of the rotor of the tubular fan of Figure 10A Figure 10 an exemplary method for controlling the container of Figure 11 a front perspective view of the container of Figure 1 a front perspective view of the container of Figure 12 Figure 1 a front perspective view of the container of Figure 13 a front perspective view of the container of Figure 12 Figure 12 a front perspective view of the container of Figure 14 a front perspective view of the container of Figure 13 a front perspective view of the container of Figure 15 Figure 12 a front perspective view of the container of Figure 16 a front perspective view of the container of Figure 15 a front perspective view of the container of Figure 17 Figure 16 ​​​​​​front perspective view of the interior and temperature sensitive cargo, but during a second alternative phase of the airflow; Figure 18 shows Figure 17 a front perspective view of the interior and temperature sensitive cargo, but during a third phase of the airflow; Figure 19 shows selected components of Figure 18 a front perspective view of the interior and temperature sensitive cargo, but with the cumulative flow of the alternative first phase, the alternative second phase, and the third phase; Figure 20 shows Figure 19 a front perspective view of the cumulative flow of the alternative first phase, the alternative second phase, and the third phase; Figure 21 shows Figure 12 a front perspective view of the container of Figure 22 shows Figure 12 a front perspective view of the container of Figure 23 shows Figure 22 a front perspective view of the interior and temperature sensitive cargo, but during a second alternative phase of the airflow; Figure 24 shows Figure 23 a front perspective view of the interior and temperature sensitive cargo, but during a third phase of the airflow; Figure 25 shows selected components of Figure 24 a front perspective view of the interior and temperature sensitive cargo, but with the cumulative flow of the alternative first phase, the alternative second phase, and the third phase; Figure 26 shows Figure 25 a front perspective view of the cumulative flow of the alternative first phase, the alternative second phase, and the third phase; Figure 27 shows a rear perspective view of the second exemplary container; Figure 28 shows Figure 27 a front perspective view of the container of Figure 29 shows selected components of a third exemplary container; Figure 30 shows Figure 29 a schematic cross-sectional view of the container of Figure 31A schematic diagram showing selected components of a fourth exemplary container including a recirculation fan; Figure 32 A schematic diagram showing Figure 31 a container of Figure 33 A front perspective view showing Figure 31 a container of Figure 34 An enlarged perspective view showing Figure 32 a recirculation fan of Figure 35 An enlarged perspective view showing an alternative recirculation fan similar to Figure 34 that of Figure 36 An enlarged perspective view showing an alternative recirculation fan similar to Figure 34 that of Figure 37 A schematic cutaway view showing selected components of a fifth exemplary container, with a front wall removed to reveal a recirculation fan; and Figure 38 An exploded view showing Figure 37 a container of

[0010] The drawings are not intended to be limiting in any way, and it is contemplated that various embodiments of the application can be carried out in a variety of other ways, including those not necessarily depicted in the drawings. The drawings are intended to illustrate several aspects of the application, and to provide a description of the principles of the application; an understanding of which will be accomplished by reading the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings; it being understood that the application is not limited to the precise arrangements shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] The following detailed description should be read with reference to the drawings in which like elements share like reference numerals. The drawings, which are not necessarily to scale, depict selected versions and are not intended to limit the scope of the application. The detailed description illustrates by way of example, not by way of limitation, the principles of the application. This description will clearly enable one skilled in the art to make and use the application, and describes several versions, adaptations, variations, alternatives and uses of the application, including what is presently believed to be the best mode of carrying out the application.

[0012] Many specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the overall structure, function, manufacture, and use of the versions described and illustrated in the specification. Well-known operations, components, and elements are not described in detail to avoid obscuring the versions described in the specification. The reader will understand that the versions described and illustrated herein are non-limiting examples and that it is understood that the here-disclosed specific structures and functions can have representative and exemplary uses without departing from the scope of the claims. Changes and modifications can be made to the versions described and illustrated herein, without departing from the scope of the claims.

[0013] The terms "comprise" (and any form of comprise, such as "comprises" and "comprising"), "have" (and any form of have, such as "has" and "having"), "include" (and any form of include, such as "includes" and "including") and "contain" (and any form of contain, such as "contains" and "containing") are open-ended linking verbs. As a result, a container, device, or apparatus that "comprises," "has," "includes" or "contains" one or more elements possesses those one or more elements, but is not limited to possessing only those one or more elements. Likewise, a element of a system, device, or apparatus that "comprises," "has," "includes" or "contains" one or more features possesses those one or more features, but is not limited to possessing only those one or more features. It is further understood that the use of

[0014] Further, the terms "approximately," "about," "substantially" and the like are terms of approximation and are used herein in the context of any numerical value or range of values, geometric / positional quantification, and the like, to indicate that exact numerical values or quantifications are not required by the application. For example, "substantially parallel" includes structures that are nominally parallel, and "substantially equal" values include values that are nominally equal. Further, the use of "coupled," "coupling," or like phrases is not restricted to direct or physical connections, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0015] The following description of certain examples of the technology should not be used to limit its scope. Other examples, features, aspects, embodiments, and advantages of the technology will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, upon reviewing the following description of certain examples of the technology in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. As will be realized, the technology described herein is capable of other different and obvious aspects, all without departing from the technology. Accordingly, the drawings and descriptions should be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive.

[0016] I. Example Container Employing Contoured Flow The demand for temperature sensitive goods for air and ground transportation is increasing, for example, in the frozen temperature range (below about 0°C). Active containers with non-frozen temperature ranges from about 5°C to about 20°C can lack sufficient temperature control to accurately maintain the desired temperature range, overcome changes in ambient temperature, and / or overcome changes in the geometry of the goods. It is desirable to utilize containers that are capable of high performance regulation of goods of various sizes and geometries under a variety of operating environments and environmental exposures. Accordingly, it is desirable to improve the temperature control of transport containers to provide efficient energy management, comprehensive control, and / or comprehensive air circulation.

[0017] The efficacy of a container is related to performance, duration, and weight. Performance attributes include the regulation of the temperature of the goods over a variety of shapes and sizes of goods, overcoming losses due to container environmental exposure (ambient and radiation), and uniformity of thermal regulation over the volume and geometry of the goods. Sufficient duration is required based on the expected transport cycle. Weight should be minimized as it affects air transportation costs. Adequate flow and flow control (including in recirculation mode) are beneficial to address temperature regulation issues of stagnant or insufficiently directed heating or cooling air flow. Due to the varying geometry of the cargo hold and the goods, under-served sides, corners, or cavities can result, and are thermodynamically undesirable.

[0018] The following references Figures 1-38 Exemplary containers (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) are shown and described, and are intended to overcome these and other problems. In addition, the containers (110, 410, 510) can include additional functionality similar to that shown and described in U.S. Patent No. 7,913,511, entitled "Cargo Container for Transporting Temperature Sensitive Items," issued March 29, 2011, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0019] A. First Exemplary Container Figures 1-26 A first exemplary container (110) configured to contain temperature sensitive goods (112) is shown and described. The container (110) is sized for unit load devices. The container (110) is generally sized and configured to be suitable for air transportation, but the container (110) can also be transported by other means (e.g., land vehicle or watercraft). For example, the container (110) can be placed inside an aircraft (not shown) or a tractor trailer (not shown, also referred to as a truck).

[0020] The container (110) regulates the temperature of the temperature-sensitive cargo (112, 112a, 112b) under various environmental conditions, sizes, and / or geometries of the temperature-sensitive cargo (112, 112a, 112b). The container (110) selectively heats and / or cools the interior (114) of the container (110) to maintain a desired temperature of the temperature-sensitive cargo (112, 112a, 112b) within a predetermined temperature range during transport of the container (110). The predetermined temperature range includes a user-defined setpoint and an acceptable tolerance / variation. This heating and / or cooling can be in response to overcoming environmental temperature exposure of the container (110) (e.g., solar heating side or cold wind of the container (110)). For example, the container (110) can have a temperature range of about -20 °C to about 25 °C in an external environmental exposure of about -30 °C to about 50 °C; however, these temperature ranges can vary.

[0021] The container (110) can regulate temperature over a wide temperature range with high efficiency and extended transport duration. As will be described in greater detail below, efficiency can be increased optionally with high power fans, more reactive refrigerants, higher airflow circulation, dynamic circulation, more efficient flow generation, and / or removal of humidity from the interior (114) (also referred to as the cargo bay). Further efficiency can be obtained with an integrated temperature and optional humidity sensor feedback configuration with the temperature control system (116) to counter adverse conditions such as large and non-symmetrical load geometries, external and environmental temperature exposure, and / or increased non-symmetrical environmental influences.

[0022] Figures 1-2 The container (110) is shown including the temperature control system (116), a housing (122), a plurality of temperature sensors (S1-S18), at least one battery (124) making up a battery pack (126), a battery charging connection (128), a power distribution system (130), an optional humidity sensor (132), and an optional container sensor (134). As Figures 1-2 shown, the temperature control system (116) includes a controller (136), a user interface (138), a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system (118), fans (F1-F12), fan shrouds (142), and optional recirculation fans (R1-R2). The temperature sensors (S1-S18) include at least first and second temperature sensors (S1, S2). Similarly, the fans (F1-F12) include at least first and second fans (F1-F12). More or fewer temperature sensors (S1-S18), fans (F1-F12), and / or recirculation fans (R1-R2) can be envisioned.

[0023] The battery (124) provides power to the temperature control system (116), which is distributed by the power distribution system (130) (seeFigure 2 The container (110) can be powered by a single battery (124) or by a combination of multiple batteries (124). For example, a single battery (124) can be used for shorter transport durations to reduce the weight of the container (110). Similarly, smaller batteries (124) can be used for even shorter transport durations. Alternatively, multiple batteries (124) can be used where longer transport durations are required. Each battery (124) can be in the form of a lead-acid battery, a nickel metal hydride (NiMH) battery, and / or a lithium battery. NiMH and / or lithium batteries can be used to increase the duration. In some versions, the container (110) can be a standalone container (110) that does not rely on an external power source or connection for operation. In other words, the batteries (124) can provide on-board energy storage and may not require, but may optionally utilize, external power or connections during transport. In addition to recharging the battery (124) before and / or after transport, the container (110) may optionally be charged at any point during transport, if needed, using the battery charging connection (128).

[0024] The housing (122) is formed by a plurality of walls, including a first end wall (144), a second end wall (146), and a first side wall (148) (see Figure 12 ), second sidewall (150) (see Figure 12 The first end wall (154) consists of a top wall (152) and a bottom wall (154). A second end wall (146) is positioned relative to the first end wall (144). The second end wall (146) includes at least one door configured for loading and unloading temperature-sensitive goods (112). The door (156) is located in... Figure 12 The diagram illustrates that, in Figures 13-19 and Figures 21-25 The middle part is shown. The first sidewall (148) is located between the first and second endwalls (144, 146). The second sidewall (150) is located between the first and second endwalls (144, 146) and opposite to the first sidewall (148).

[0025] Walls (144, 146, 148, 150, 152, 154) collectively define the interior (114) of the container (110). The interior (114) is configured to receive temperature-sensitive goods (112). The temperature-sensitive goods (112) may include goods on one or more pallets (158). The interior (114) is configured to receive goods on at least one pallet (158). Optionally, Figures 27-28Another container (410) is shown, the interior (414) of which is sized and configured to hold four American-sized pallets (not shown) or five European-sized pallets (160) for temperature-sensitive goods (112b). The interior (114) is sized and configured to hold more or fewer pallets (158, 160) and temperature-sensitive goods of different sizes (112, 112a, 112b).

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the bottom wall (154) is positioned relative to the top wall (152). The bottom wall (154) is spaced apart from the bottom plate (162). As shown, the inner surface of the top wall (152) includes a plurality of protrusions (163) forming grooves (164), which are configured to allow air to flow from the first end wall (144) to the second end wall (146) even when temperature-sensitive goods (112) are stacked near the top wall (152), because air can still flow through the grooves (164) formed by the protrusions (163). Similarly, the first side wall (148) and the second side wall (150) include a plurality of protrusions (165) forming grooves (167).

[0027] The walls (144, 146, 148, 150, 152, 154) may include insulation material (shown as a vacuum insulation panel (166)); however, other types of insulation are also conceivable. For example... Figure 1 and Figure 12 As shown, each of the first end wall (144), the second end wall (146), the first side wall (148), and the second side wall (150) includes insulating material (e.g., at least one vacuum insulation panel (166)) positioned within the inner and outer surfaces of the walls (144, 146, 148, 150). The top wall (152) and the bottom wall (154) may include at least one vacuum insulation panel (166).

[0028] like Figure 1 , Figures 4-6 and Figure 30 As shown, the bottom wall (154) and the bottom plate (162) together define a return air flow channel (168), which is configured to deliver return air to the temperature control system (116) after regulating the interior (114). Since the airflow can return to the temperature control system (116) through the return air flow channel (168), temperature-sensitive goods (112) can be placed in the interior (114) without the need for pallets (158, 160). A vent (170) located in the floor (162) communicates with the return air flow channel (168). Figure 1 As shown, the floor fan (FF) draws return air into the return air flow channel (168) by generating a pressure differential. The return air flow channel (168) provides a dedicated return air path below the temperature-sensitive cargo (112).

[0029] As Figure 1 , Figure 16 and 22 illustrate, the container (110) can utilize a positive pressure airflow system to create and direct airflow from the rear top ceiling (151) adjacent to the cold wall (172). As shown, the container (110) has a pressure return in the vent (170) located in the front lower portion of the floor (162). This statically directs air through the geometry of the temperature sensitive cargo (112) and through the walls (144, 146, 148) and doors (156) where heat loss can be greater than more central locations in the interior (114) (e.g., where the cargo (112) is located). The return airflow channel (168) allows the cargo (112) to be loaded directly on the floor (162), optionally eliminating the need for pallets (158, 160), thereby increasing the available cargo volume. The return airflow channel (168) also allows the container (110) to be bulk loaded. With the airflow at these locations, the air pressure created at the rear top ceiling (151) wraps around the cargo (112) as the airflow is drawn through the cargo (112) which can have various heights measured relative to the floor (162) and back down to the floor (162). This provides a uniform temperature distribution and operational efficiency as an optional baseline first phase.

[0030] Outflow refers to the positive pressure flow from the fans (F1-F12) and return flow refers to the negative pressure flow. Exhaust refers to the recirculation of the airflow and not the expulsion of air from the interior (114) of the container (110) to the exterior of the container (110). The return pressure influences the formation of high and low pressure areas and, therefore, the dynamic flow pattern. This pressure variation mitigates the under-heated corners and crevices in the interior (114) and the geometry of the temperature sensitive cargo (112), as well as the asymmetric loss effects of hot or cold surfaces due to environmental conditions.

[0031] 1. Exemplary temperature control system The temperature control system (116) is configured to provide conditioned air to the interior (114). The conditioned air can be in the form of hot air or cold air. In some versions, the temperature control system (116) is intended to maintain the interior (114) at a temperature range of about -20°C to about 25°C. However, other temperature ranges are also contemplated. The temperature control system (116) is configured to increase the performance and efficiency of the container (110). The temperature control system (116) can include an electrically powered electronic control system.

[0032] The temperature control system (116) is in communication with the temperature sensors (S1-S18). As Figure 1 , Figures 4-10A (and Figures 29-32As shown, the temperature control system (116) includes multiple fans, shown as fans (F1-F12). However, more or fewer fans are also conceivable, where fans may be the same as or different from other fans. The first fan (F1) is configured to provide a dynamic profile airflow to a first location within the interior (114). Similarly, the second fan (F2) is configured to provide a dynamic profile airflow to a second location within the interior (114). The controller (136) is configured to provide grouped or individual control of the fans (F1-F12), including the first and second fans (F1-F2). Individual fan / pod control allows for dynamic profile airflow within the interior (114). Setting the selected fans (F1-F12) to different power levels affects the overall volume of conditioned air delivered, including the volume of conditioned air delivered through the rear of the interior (114) to the first and second sidewalls (148, 150), thereby allowing the formation of high-pressure and low-pressure zones.

[0033] The temperature control system (116) includes an optional recirculation fan (R1) configured to operate independently of the HVAC system (118). Figure 1 , Figure 6 and Figure 32 As shown, one or more optional recirculation fans (R1-R4) may be located near the door (156) or alternatively away from it. Figure 32 The door (656) in the middle. Figure 1 In this configuration, the recirculation fan (R1), shown as a front-mounted tubular fan, provides localized flow redirection. Utilizing the temperature control system (116), the recirculation fans (R1, R2) or even (R3, R4) can enhance profile flow to fill gaps in the cargo geometry and normalize asymmetric temperature distributions. The recirculation fans (R1, R2) can operate in parallel with the functions of the fans (F1-F12) mounted in the fan housing (142) (see [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 7 ).

[0034] The HVAC system (118) provides both hot and cold air, and as Figures 31-33 As shown in the container (610), the HVAC system (118) may be omitted. The HVAC system (118) includes a cooling system (174) configured to provide conditioned air as cooling air. In some versions, the cooling system (174) may include an evaporator (176) and a condenser (178). As shown, the evaporator (176) includes multiple evaporator coils (180). The condenser (178) includes multiple condenser coils (182) and a condenser fan (184). At least one of the evaporator (176) or condenser (178) may include microfins (183) (see Figure 1This increases surface area, thereby increasing heat exchange. In some versions, the microfins (183) may have a spacing between approximately 0.1 inches and 0.125 inches. Figure 1 As shown, the condenser coil (182) and condenser fan (184) are separated from the evaporator coil (180) by an insulating wall (186). The HVAC system (118) includes a refrigerant (188), which may include a standard refrigerant (e.g., R134A refrigerant) or a more reactive refrigerant (e.g., type 404B). The HVAC system (118) can utilize either refrigerant.

[0035] The temperature control system (116) optionally includes a heater (190) which includes a heater coil (192) configured to provide conditioned air as heated air. Depending on whether heating or cooling is required, the heater (190) is engaged to provide heated air, or the evaporator (176) of the HVAC system (118) is engaged to provide cool air for use in main operation and recirculation within the interior (114).

[0036] In addition to multiple temperature sensors (S1-S18), the container (110) may include one or more optional humidity sensors (132) and / or optional container sensors (134). The humidity sensor (132) may be in the form of a hygrometer. The container sensor (134) may include a global positioning system (GPS) sensor, an accelerometer, a light detector, and a pressure sensor.

[0037] like Figure 2 As shown, the controller (136) may include a memory (196), a processor (198), and a communication antenna (200). The controller (136) is configured to communicate with one or more user devices (e.g., smartphones, tablets, computers) via the communication antenna (200), allowing the user to track the status monitored by the temperature control system (116) at any location in real time or later. The controller (136) operates via firmware or embedded software. The controller (136) utilizes multiple sensor inputs and feedback devices. The user interface (138) may include a screen and buttons (194). As shown, the user interface (138) is configured to display at least one of the following: status, operation, setpoint control, power display, and operation input of the temperature control system (116). The user interface (138) can be accessed wirelessly via the cloud.

[0038] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a temperature control system (116) is shown, illustrating sensors with actuator outputs, user inputs, and mode inputs. Figures 1-3 and Figures 6-7As shown, the temperature control system (116) selectively controls the fans (F1-F12), the HVAC system (118), and the user interface (138). The temperature control system (116) utilizes specially placed temperature sensors (S1-S18) (see... Figures 13-26 ), which is configured to implement the application reference in it. Figures 11-26 Temperature curves for the methods shown and described.

[0039] 2. Exemplary Moisture Removal and Storage like Figures 4-5 As shown, the container (110) may include optional means for extracting moisture and optional means for storing the removed moisture in the container (110). The means for extracting moisture may include a moisture-absorbing device (202), a moisture collector (204), a storage tank (206), or other suitable structures. Figure 4 The device includes a moisture-absorbing device (202) for removing moisture from conditioned air. The moisture-absorbing device (202) may include a moisture-absorbing material (e.g., moisture-absorbing crystals or a desiccant) for use in moderate humidity environments. The moisture-absorbing material is at least partially positioned within an upward-flowing return air passage (168). Optionally, the moisture-absorbing device may include a chamber configured to receive the moisture-absorbing material. The moisture-absorbing device (202) can be removed from the container (110) using a passage door (208). The passage door (208) allows for easy removal or replacement of the moisture-absorbing device (202) without opening the door (156). The moisture-absorbing device (202) may have various shapes (including cylinders, prisms, etc.) and / or sizes.

[0040] like Figure 5 As shown, container (110) may include a moisture collector (204) and / or a storage tank (206) for moisture extraction, and the storage container (110) is configured to store the removed moisture. Moisture in the interior (114) is collected as condensate as it drips from the evaporator coil (180) during operation and during optional defrost modes. In some versions, the moisture collector (204) may include a dehumidifier. For high humidity environments, condensate is collected and stored under the floor (162) for subsequent processing using the tank (206) connected via conduit (210). Increased humidity in the interior (114) increases the energy required for thermal control and reduces the efficiency of thermal regulation. Furthermore, excessive humidity may cause condensate to accumulate in the cooling system (174), which may lead to unwanted frost and ice buildup. This buildup reduces efficiency and may cause circulation blockage and reduced heat exchange.

[0041] Figure 6Another example recirculation fan (R2) is shown positioned adjacent to the door (156). The recirculation fan (R2) can be positioned at least partially within the return air flow passage (168) to provide a localized air flow back into the interior (114) for localized flow redirection. The recirculation fan (R2) enhances the contour flow to minimize the effects of gaps in the cargo geometry and to normalize the asymmetric temperature distribution. Figure 1 and Figure 6 The recirculation fans (Rl, R2) can work in parallel to the functionality of the fans (Fl-Fl2) mounted in the fan housing (142). The front-facing recirculation fans (Rl, R2) add flow variability to the conformal flow control system that includes axial fans positioned below the vents (e.g., on the left and right side) and recirculation fans (Rl, R2) positioned in the corners within the door (156) of the container (110). The recirculation fans (Rl, R2) do not restrict access to the cargo (112) but provide additional directional control and pressure variation.

[0042] 3. Example fan housing and fans Figure 7 An example fan housing (142) is shown. The fan housing (142) houses a plurality of fans (Fl-Fl2) that are optionally grouped into airflow modules (Pl- P6). The positioning of the fans (Fl-Fl2) is exemplary. Figure 7 A twelve fan arrangement with high efficiency, high power axial fans in the fan housing (142) is shown to provide an example of contour flow control with individual or group control of the fans (Fl-Fl2). As shown, the fans (Fl-Fl2) are positioned in the fan housing (142) through openings (212). First and second fans (Fl, F2) are positioned adjacent to the first end wall (144) and away from the door (156). Figure 7 Six airflow modules (Pl- P6) are shown in FIG. 1 1, each module configured to house two fans and accompanying fan drives. While not shown, more or fewer airflow modules (Pl- P6) can be envisioned, each airflow module (Pl- P6) including at least one fan. Each airflow module (Pl- P6) can include the same or different number and / or type of fans. The airflow modules (Pl- P6) can be angled to direct airflow at a desired angle to a particular location (e.g., first, second, and / or third location) in the interior (114) of the container (110).

[0043] The fan shroud (142) includes a trapezoidal recess (214) to guide a large volume of air. The fan shroud (142) includes four arc-shaped diffusers (216), which may be in the form of double-bend ducts. The first arc-shaped diffuser (216) is configured to assist the first fan (F1) in directing the conditioned air of a first volume (V1) to a first location within the interior (114). Similarly, the second arc-shaped diffuser (216) is configured to assist the second fan in directing the conditioned air of a second volume (V2) to a second location within the interior (114). The arc-shaped diffusers (216) optimize flow rate and direction. The arc-shaped diffusers (216) direct conditioned air to a predetermined area of ​​the container (110) to provide localized directional energy when the directional airflow originating from the cold wall (172) is reduced by the interior (114) near the door (156). Figure 7 As shown, the fan of module (P1) is at a certain angle to the first sidewall (148), and the fan of module (P2) is at a certain angle to the second sidewall (150). The fans in modules (P3, P4) are placed horizontally, and the fans in modules (P5, P6) are placed vertically. As shown, the airflow modules (P1-P6) are aligned with the trapezoidal recess (214) to isolate modules (P1-P6) from directly facing the top wall (152).

[0044] The fan shroud (142) guides airflow, provides space for heat exchange, provides mounting for the fans (F1-F12), and provides multiple ducts to separate and guide the airflow into the interior (114). Optionally, the fans (F1-F12) are positioned to increase the dynamic effect of conformal flow. The fan shroud (142) separates the airflow and establishes inlet and outlet areas for heat exchange. The plenum (220) is configured to increase the static airflow in the interior (114). The plenum (220) provides a predetermined space in which the mainstream is extracted to create a low pressure differential in the fans (F1-F12), thereby allowing increased flow. The plenum (220) between the heater and cooling system (174) and the fans (F1-F12) generates greater air pressure, thus resulting in more efficient heat exchange. The placement of the fan shroud (142) and fans (F1-F12) on top of the evaporator coil (180) forms a plenum (220) to increase the uniformity of flow through the HVAC system (118). For example, the HVAC system (118) may include an HVAC evaporator coil (see [link to HVAC system]). Figure 1 ) or sublimation / dry ice radiators (see Figure 30 The fan shroud (142) also includes sidewalls (222). Although the fan shroud (142) is in Figure 7AThe fan shroud (142) is shown formed of multiple panels, but can be formed integrally together as a single unitary piece. As shown, the fans (F1-F12) are mounted on the top and are accessible from the cold wall (172). Although not shown, the fan shroud (142) can include mounting holes (see Figure 7A ) for fasteners (223) as well as wire slots and connection points.

[0045] Although Figure 7 square axial fans are shown, the fans (F1-F12) can have a variety of shapes and sizes, including rectangular or circular. The fans (F1-F12) are high efficiency, producing significant flow and flow direction control. The fans (F1-F12) can be individually controlled for profile flow control to adjust to current under-served areas (UA) and walls (144, 146, 148, 150, 152) as well as to compensate for irregular cargo geometry.

[0046] As Figures 8A-8C shown, the temperature control system (116) can include optional louvers (224) that can be selectively adjusted between a plurality of positions. As shown, the louvers (224) include a push-pull cable / rod (226) that can be moved with the temperature control system (116). In other words, the louvers (224) are controlled by the controller (136) of the temperature control system (116) through movement of the push-pull cable / rod (226). In Figure 8A , the flow can be substantially blocked. In Figure 8B , the louvers (224) are configured to direct a greater volume of air to at least a portion of the first volume (VI) to a first position. For example, the louvers (224) direct a greater volume of air to the first end wall (144) than to the second end wall (146), and vice versa, depending on the orientation of the louvers (224). In Figure 8C , the louvers (224) have minimal adjustment of the flow of air. Figure 8A Intermediate positions between the positions shown in FIGS. 8A-8B and the positions shown in FIGS. 9A-9B are also contemplated. Figures 8B-8C

[0047] Figure 9A , Figure 9B , Figure 10 and Figure 10A shown are various types of fans suitable for use with the temperature control system (116). The fans (F1-F12) can include twisted fans (228) (see Figure 9A ), axial fans (230) (see Figure 9B ), or tubular fans (232) (see Figure 10 ​The fans (F1-F12) may be the same or different and may be combined with each other. For example, the first and second fans (F1-F2) may both be axial fans (230), or the first fan (F1) may be an axial fan (230) and the second fan (F2) may be a rotary fan (228). Other combinations of fans are also foreseeable. Figure 9A A torsional fan (228) that generates tangential airflow is schematically shown. Figure 9B An axial fan (230) that generates linear airflow is schematically shown. The axial fan (230) can cover a wider area, thereby further simplifying the combined flow patterns at lower energy and further improving efficiency. Figure 9A The streamlined comparison of tangential fan airflow (T) and axial fan airflow (A) is shown, demonstrating the energy consumption of the torsional fan (228) and the non-ideal flow and directionality for increased flow, volume and coverage compared to the straighter path flow of the axial fan (230).

[0048] Figure 10 An optional tubular fan (232) is shown, which may also be referred to as a slotted tubular fan, similar to the recirculation fan (R1) (see...). Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the tubular fan (232) includes a first axis (A1) and a second axis (A2) perpendicular to the first axis (A1). The length of the tubular fan (232) along the first axis (A1) is greater than the width along the second axis (A2). The first axis (A1) is shown as extending vertically. The tubular fan (232) can be positioned near a door (156). The tubular fan (232) collects air from a rotor (234) located at its end. Figure 10A (As shown in the enlarged view), and discharged through a slot (236) along the narrow body, primarily for localized recirculation. The tubular fan (232) has a smaller diameter and is discreetly mounted in corners or along ridges. (As shown in the enlarged view) Figure 10A As shown, the rotor (234) may include fins (238).

[0049] 4. First Exemplary Method refer to Figures 11-26 Description of utilization Figures 1-6 An exemplary method (310) for a container (110). Method (310) is also applicable to references Figures 27-30 The containers shown and described (410, 510, 610, 710). Figure 12 The empty interior (114) is shown, with a door (156) open to reveal a vent (170) and a floor (162), which is a return air duct under the floor (162).

[0050] For comparison Figures 13-15 As shown, in Figure 11In step (312), the temperature sensors (S1-S18) sense temperature values at different locations in the interior (114) and / or the exterior. The temperature control system (116) is configured to receive the temperature values from the temperature sensors (S1-S18) positioned in the interior (114) of the container (110). For example, a first temperature sensor (S1) senses a first temperature value at a first location in the interior (114), a second temperature sensor (S2) senses a second temperature value at a second location in the interior (114), a third temperature sensor (S3) senses a third temperature value at a third location in the interior (114), a fourth temperature sensor (S4) senses a fourth temperature value at a fourth location in the interior (114), and so on, additional temperature sensors (S5-S18) sense additional temperature values at additional locations in the interior (114). The first, second, third, and fourth locations are separate from each other. The temperature sensors (S1-S18) optionally sense temperature values outside of the container (110).

[0051] The positioning of the temperature sensors (S1-S18) is for illustrative purposes. For example, in some versions, the temperature sensors (S1-S18) are positioned at a first portion of the first end wall (144), and additional temperature sensors (S1-S18) are positioned at a second portion of the first end wall (144). In some versions, the temperature sensors (S1-S18) are positioned near the first side wall (148), and additional temperature sensors (S1-S18) are positioned near the second side wall (150). In some versions, the temperature sensors (S1-S18) are positioned at the first side wall (148), and additional temperature sensors (S1-S18) are positioned at the second side wall (150). In some versions, the temperature sensors (S1-S18) are positioned at a first portion of the temperature sensitive cargo (112), and additional temperature sensors (S1-S18) are positioned at a second portion of the temperature sensitive cargo (112). In some versions, the temperature sensors (S1-S18) are positioned near the first side wall (148), and additional temperature sensors (S1-S18) are positioned at a first portion of the temperature sensitive cargo. In some versions, the temperature sensors (S1-S18) are positioned at a first portion of the temperature sensitive cargo, and additional temperature sensors (S1-S18) are positioned near the first side wall (148).

[0052] The temperature control system (116) is configured to receive first, second, third, and / or fourth temperature values from the first, second, third, and fourth temperature sensors (any of the temperature sensors (S1-S18)). The temperature control system (116) is configured to determine whether at least one of the first, second, third, and / or fourth temperature values is outside of a predetermined temperature range. The predetermined temperature range can include a setpoint and any allowed deviation from the setpoint. In some versions, the setpoint is a single numerical value, while in other versions, the setpoint is a range of numerical values including a lower limit and an upper limit.

[0053] Figure 13 An overall flow profile of the empty cargo container (110) in a static mode with temperature sensors (S1-S18) is shown, the temperature sensors (S1-S18) are shown schematically as small circles spaced along the interior (114) of the walls (148, 150, 152) and floor (162) of the interior (114) and the normal static airflow path (arrows) from the exhaust to the return duct, where the interior (114) is empty.

[0054] As shown in Figure 14 or Figure 15 In an optional step (314), the temperature control system (116) can provide conditioned air to the interior (114). Figure 14 An optional first phase flow profile is shown for a medium size geometry of cargo. The airflow is in a convective manner to be temperature conditioned. The more effective and complete the temperature conditioning is performed, the better the cargo temperature is maintained, as shown in Figure 14 The fan drives the air circulation. By utilizing a greater number of compact fans, the flow rate and efficiency are improved. The temperature control system (116) can utilize an algorithm that matches the energy that will affect the temperature with the required flow rate to maintain the temperature throughout the cargo hold based on sensed temperature data.

[0055] As shown in Figures 14-16 In some versions, the temperature control system (116) can provide conditioned air to the first and second locations. In some versions, the cycle of thermal conditioning begins with an optional first phase baseline analysis of the interior (114) temperature. Multiple phases can allow the temperature sensors (S1-S18) to assess the source of temperature deviation, external influences, and potential heat loss. In some versions, the temperature sensors can be placed only in the interior (114). The optional first phase baseline analysis can utilize an initial center or static cycle for several minutes, as shown in Figure 18 Once the initial flow is established, as shown in Figure 16 the temperature control system (116) can automatically reconfigure the airflow characteristics, as shown in Figure 17 and 18Multiple phases are possible to react to heat exchange individually (provided that the second flow rate, direction or pressure differential will react differently) and provide more complete coverage and uniform temperature regulation. Temperature sensors (SI-S18) detect imbalances in energy and provide feedback on the differences in flow required.

[0056] Figure 15 is an optional first phase for medium size cargo with sufficient cargo temperature regulation in a 30°C ambient exposure (solid arrow) with insufficient cargo area service including the upper and lower corners. Figure 15 shows the overall flow profile for a large size geometry cargo in a static mode with a first side wall (148) with heat exposure. With the temperature control system (116) in a static mode, the flow profile is not uniform and the temperature regulation is not sufficient. Figure 14 The medium flow is not sufficient to maintain the predetermined temperature range, Figure 15 shows that the air flow on the far right due to the heated first side wall (148) does not correct the heat sufficiently (dashed line) and fails to maintain the predetermined temperature range of about 2°C to 8°C in the center and lower right. Figure 15 Also shown is the temperature control system (116) working harder to compensate, but bringing this portion of the cargo load (112a) closer to the exhaust air below the predetermined temperature range. Figure 15 shows that the cargo temperature is not maintained sufficiently due to the large volume and especially the right wall (typically, exposed to the sun) with heat exposure, and more severe under-served cargo areas including the upper and lower corners. Figure 15 shows the flow limitations in static distribution under large loads, asymmetric loads, and extreme external temperature exposure. Figure 15 shows the disadvantages of static flow modes (e.g., corners, odd geometries, crevices, overloading situations, hot or cold walls).

[0057] Figure 16 shows the overall flow profile for a large geometry cargo with a first side wall (148) with heat exposure (indicated by the dashed line on the right). The temperature control system (116) can repeatedly test the thermal consistency in uneven conditions and the overall circulation situation. In other words, the optional first phase can be repeated. The temperature control system (116) can perform the optional first phase, which is configured to provide flow in a short time. The temperature control system (116) measures and interprets the temperature levels. The temperature control system (116) considers various flow configurations when evaluating such large size cargo with a heated first side wall (148).

[0058] As Figure 11 and Figure 17As shown, in optional step (316), prior to directing the first volume (VI) to the first location and the second volume (V2) to the second location, the temperature control system (116) can provide a third volume (V3) of conditioned air to the first location and a fourth volume (V4) of conditioned air to the second location. The fourth volume (V4) of air can be greater than or less than the third volume (V3). In optional step (316), the temperature sensors (SI-S18) can sense temperature values at different locations of the interior (114) and / or the exterior. In optional step (318), the temperature control system (116) determines whether at least a first temperature value at the first location is outside of a predetermined temperature range. If not, the method (310) can return to step (314) as shown by arrow (320). In optional step (322), as Figure 17 As shown, the temperature control system (116) can direct a greater volume of conditioned air to the second location compared to the conditioned air directed to the first location. Figure 17 Optional phase 2 is shown, in which the temperature control system (116) configures and increases air flow in the second module (P2) for a short duration. The temperature control system (116) determines the effect of the leftmost flow on the temperature sensor. The dashed line represents the rightmost flow warming up as it interacts with the hotter first side wall (148).

[0059] In step (324), the temperature sensors (SI-S18) sense temperature values at different locations of the interior (114) and / or the exterior. In step (326), the temperature control system (116) determines whether at least a first temperature value at the first location is outside of a predetermined temperature range. If not, the method (310) can return to step (328). If the first temperature value at at least the first location is outside of the predetermined temperature range, the method (1310) can proceed to step (330). In step (330), the temperature control system (116) directs a greater volume of conditioned air to the first location compared to the conditioned air directed to the second location. Figure 18 A third phase is shown, in which the temperature control system (116) increases air flow of the first module (PI) including the first fan (Fl). The temperature control system (116) measures and interprets the effect of the rightmost flow based on the temperature sensors (SI-S18). In Figure 18 In the middle, the dashed line represents the flow warming up as it interacts with the hotter first side wall (148).

[0060] In response to determining that the first temperature value is outside the predetermined temperature range, the temperature control system (116) is configured to (A) direct a first volume (VI) of conditioned air into the interior (114) to a first location using at least a first fan (Fl), and (B) direct a second volume (V2) of conditioned air into the interior (114) to a second location using a second fan (F2). The configuration of the first and second volumes (VI, V2) is exemplary. The first volume (VI) of air is greater than the second volume (V2) of air, such that the temperature change at the first location is greater than the temperature change at the second location. The first volume (VI) creates a first pressure, and the second volume creates a second pressure. Because the first volume (VI) is greater than the second volume (V2), the first pressure is greater than the second pressure. Due to air moving from a higher pressure area to a lower pressure area, air moves from the first location to the second location. During the migration process herein, the conditioned air can flow around the cargo (112, 112a, 112b) to condition the cargo (112, 112a, 112b).

[0061] The first volume (VI) can be directed simultaneously with the second volume (V2) or sequentially with respect to the second volume (V2). With respect to sequential distribution, the first volume (VI) can be distributed before or after the second volume (V2). The first and second volumes can be influenced by historical data showing the effect of previous first and second volumes (VI, V2) on previous locations, and artificial intelligence including machine learning utilized by the temperature control system (116). Alternatively, the temperature control system (116) is configured to receive a third temperature value from a third temperature sensor (S3) at a third location in the interior (114). The temperature control system (116) is configured to determine whether at least one of the first, second, or third temperature values is outside the predetermined temperature range.

[0062] In a cooling case, the temperature control system (116) determines whether the measured temperature is greater than the predetermined temperature range (i.e., whether the measured temperature exceeds the upper tolerance). For example, in response to determining that the first temperature value is below the predetermined temperature range, the temperature control system (116) is configured to (A) direct a first volume (VI) of cooling air to the first location using at least the first fan, and (B) direct a second volume (V2) of cooling air to the second location using the second fan (F2). In the cooling scenario, the first volume (VI) is greater than the second volume (V2), and thus the temperature drop at the first location is greater than the temperature drop at the second location.

[0063] In the case of heating, the temperature control system (116) determines, using the temperature sensors (S1-S18), whether the measured temperature is below a predetermined temperature range (i.e., whether the measured temperature is below a lower tolerance). For example, in response to determining that the first temperature value is less than the predetermined temperature range, the temperature control system (116) can (A) direct a first volume (VI) of heated air into the interior (114) at a first location using at least a first fan (Fl) and (B) direct a second volume (V2) of heated air into the interior (114) at a second location using a second fan (F2). The first volume (VI) of air is greater than the second volume (V2) of air, such that the temperature rise at the first location is greater than the temperature rise at the second location. Additional fans, such as fans (F3-F12), can operate similarly to the first and second fans (Fl, F2).

[0064] The temperature of the first, second, third, and / or fourth locations can be selectively varied using various methods. For example, the temperature control system (116) can control air flow in active static and active dynamic cases. Increased air flow in the interior (114) assists in thermal conditioning of the temperature sensitive cargo (112) by minimizing non-compliant areas that would result in degradation or loss. The temperature control system (116) senses temperature variations according to various flow configurations based on factors including cargo geometry. The temperature control system (116) can continuously learn and adjust parameters of flow rate, flow configuration, duty cycle, and recirculation in the process of forming an optimal flow geometry as shown in Figures 19-20 and Figures 25-26 The temperature control system (116) can continuously learn and adjust parameters of flow rate, flow configuration, duty cycle, and recirculation in the process of forming an optimal flow geometry as shown in

[0065] Contoured flow allows for variations in intensity and dynamic direction. This flow can be used in primary conditioning as well as recirculation modes; and in active or semi-active systems. Contoured flow provides better temperature control at lower energy levels while also more thoroughly incorporating dynamic variations. This circulation creates air flow in different directions around the interior (114) and the cargo itself (e.g., in the case of non-standard or unknown geometry). Pressure-induced directional air flow can be created not only in the geometry of the cargo (112) but also in the first side wall (148), the top wall (152), and the second side wall (150).

[0066] The arrangement and individual control of the fans (F1-F12) and air ducts (e.g., with arc louvers (216) and / or louvers (224)) can be controlled. In some versions, the temperature control system (116) can increase a speed setting of the first fan (F1) and / or decrease a speed setting of the second fan (F2). The temperature control system (116) can vary the speed of the inter- or intra-bay fans (F1-F12) based on the mode. The fan speed can be selectively varied in a particular location (or region) to regulate the temperature in a selected region of the container (110) by continuous operation or by pulses. For example, pulse width modulation (PWM) speed control can be combined by driving the fan motor with a series of "ON-OFF" pulses and varying the duty cycle. For example, the first fan (F1) can provide a first volume (VI) of air with a series of ON and OFF pulses and / or the second fan (F2) can provide a second volume (V2) of air with a series of ON and OFF pulses. When applied to the cargo (112, 112a, 112b) and the interior (114), this method (310) enables enhanced temperature regulation as shown in Figures 19-20 and Figures 25-26

[0067] The temperature control system (116) can vary the flow rate of a fan (F1-F12) relative to another fan (F1-F12) (e.g., the first fan (F1) relative to the second fan (F2)). For example, the temperature control system (116) can direct a first volume (VI) of conditioned air with the first fan (F1) at a first flow rate to a first location in the interior (114) and direct a second volume (V2) with the second fan (F2) at a second flow rate to a second location in the interior (114). The first flow rate is greater than the second flow rate such that the temperature change at the first location is greater than the temperature change at the second location. In some versions, the temperature control system (116) can automatically adjust the flow rate of the first fan (F1) relative to the second fan (F2).

[0068] The first fan (F1) can direct the first volume (VI) to the first location for a first time period. Similarly, the second fan (F2) can direct the second volume (V2) of conditioned air to the second location for a second time period. The first time period is greater than the second time period such that the temperature change at the first location is greater than the temperature change at the second location.

[0069] ​Additional fans can be utilized to direct airflow to additional underserved areas. For example, in response to determining that the first and third temperature values are outside the predetermined temperature range, the temperature control system (116) can (A) direct a first volume (VI) of conditioned air to a first location in the interior (114) with at least the first fan (Fl), (B) direct a second volume (V2) of conditioned air to a second location in the interior (114) with the second fan (F2), and (3) direct a third volume (V3a) of conditioned air (see Figure 19 ) to a third location in the interior (114) with at least the third fan (F3). The first volume (VI) of air is greater than the third volume (V3a), which is greater than the second volume (V2), such that the temperature change at the first location is greater than the temperature change at the third location, which is greater than the temperature change at the second location. Alternatively, if only the first temperature value is outside the predetermined temperature range, then the first and third fans (Fl, F3) can direct the first volume (VI) to the first location, and the second fan (F2) can direct the second volume (V2) to the second location in the interior (114). Alternatively, the first fan (Fl) can direct the first volume (VI) of conditioned air to the first location, while the third fan (F3) is off and does not direct air.

[0070] Figure 19 The conditioned flow duty cycle superimposed on the cargo (112) is shown, showing that the temperature control system (116) interpreted the sensor inputs and adjusted the profile flow. In this example, the flow volume on the right side was increased, and the normalized interior temperature (114) and load temperatures are shown, all of which are shown within the predetermined temperature range (e.g., approximately 2-8°C). Figures 19-20 The sum of all flow phases adjusted by the temperature control system (116) to normalize the temperature of the interior (114) is shown, as well as the resulting enhanced temperature regulation of the interior (114) and loads and flow into underserved areas due to location or geometry. Figure 20 All phases of flow (leftmost, normal, and rightmost) are shown simultaneously. The cumulative effect (or sum) of all flow profiles with a method (310) that tends to give greater weight to the first module (PI) compensates for the external heat exposure on the right side wall. The thicker line width represents greater flow volume via increased fan output and / or longer duty cycle.

[0071] In response to directing the first volume (VI) of conditioned air to the first location and the second volume (V2) of conditioned air to the second location, the method (310) can return to step (312) as indicated by arrow (332) in which the temperature sensors (SI-S18) sense temperature values at different locations in the interior (114) and / or the exterior. Alternatively, step (330) can return to step (324) omitting the optional first and second phases.

[0072] 5. Second exemplary method As Figure 21 indicated, in step (312) of the method (310), the temperature sensors (SI-S18) sense temperature values at different locations in the interior (114) and / or the exterior. Figure 11 A temperature control system (116) is shown configured for a static mode flow profile of such a large asymmetric load with a hot exposed first side wall (148). The temperature control system (116) measures and interprets temperature levels. The dashed line represents flow exposed to higher temperatures. Figure 21 In optional step (314) of the method (310), the temperature control system (116) can provide conditioned air to the interior (114). Figure 21 Figure 11

[0073] Figure 21 A general flow profile of a large asymmetric load (112) in a static mode with a hot exposed right wall is shown. Figure 21 A center air flow is shown that does not reach the load due to under served circulation areas created by the odd geometry, and a right most air flow (dashed line) that does not adequately manage heat due to the warmer panels and does not maintain the desired load set point at about -8°C to about 2°C. Figure 21 The effect of undesirable temperature regulation due to the combination of the asymmetric load and extreme exposure on the right wall is shown, particularly showing under served areas (UA) in the corners and crevices that can exist in various loads.

[0074] The temperature control system (116) can increase temperature regulation in the case of an irregular load geometry of the load (112), where the geometry itself has corners, crevices and other impediments to normal static circulation, and the potential for external losses due to extreme exposure. As Figures 22-24 indicated, the temperature control system (116) can perform an optional multi-phase evaluation of the temperature distribution of the temperature sensitive load through different flow configurations and volumes. As Figure 26 ​​As shown, the temperature control system (116) can provide optimal flow characteristics for the oddly shaped load and increase temperature regulation of the load. The method (310) includes changes in load, internal (114), and / or external temperature effects.

[0075] Figures 22-24 A graphical representation of the center (static) (302), left-most (304), and right-most (306) increased flow in three phases of evaluating temperature control considerations for such asymmetric loads with hot wall exposure is depicted, where the first side wall (148) of the exposure experiences higher impact due to proximity to the highest temperature deviation. Figure 22 Figure 23 Figure 24

[0076] In optional step (316), the temperature sensors (S1-S18) can sense temperature values at different locations of the interior (114) and / or the exterior. In optional step (318), the temperature control system (116) determines whether at least a first temperature value at a first location is outside a predetermined temperature range. If not, the method (310) can return to step (314) as indicated by arrow (320). In optional step (322), as Figure 23 indicated, the temperature control system (116) can direct a greater volume of conditioned air to the second location than to the first location. Figure 23 Operation of the temperature control system (116) in an optional second phase is shown. The temperature control system (116) can reconfigure and increase air flow in the left-most channel. It can similarly measure and interpret the impact of the left-most flow on the temperature sensors (S1-S18) based on feedback from the temperature sensors. The dashed line represents slightly more return air flow due to the hotter first side wall (148).

[0077] In step (324), the temperature sensors (S1-S18) sense temperature values at different locations of the interior (114) and / or the exterior. In step (326), the temperature control system (116) determines whether at least a first temperature value at a first location is outside a predetermined temperature range. If not, the method (310) can return to step (328). If the first temperature value at at least the first location is outside the predetermined temperature range, the method (1310) can proceed to step (330). As Figure 24 indicated, in step (330) of the temperature control system (116) directs a greater volume of conditioned air to the first location than to the second location. Figure 11 Figure 24 ​​​​Operation in the third phase is shown, where the temperature control system (116) increases the flow in the rightmost channel for a short time. The temperature control system (116) determines the effect of the rightmost flow from the temperature sensors (S1-S18), especially when absorbing external heat / cold energy (indicated by the dashed line).

[0078] Figure 25 Increased multi-path flow is shown to reduce or eliminate under-served areas, increase standardization, and subsequently create thermal equilibrium on the load, even with asymmetric loads and hot walls and complex aspects of flow, as the resulting pressure differential provides increased flow to under-served areas (UA) and thus temperature standardization. The example of the first side wall (148) heated externally and the temperature control system (116) overcomes this exposure to achieve temperature standardization of the exposed surface and in the case of hot or cold exposure. Figures 25-26 The sum of the flow rates in all phases resulting from the adjustment by the temperature control system (116) to standardize the temperature in the interior (114) is shown in the asymmetric load example to cause temperature regulation of the interior (114) and the load to be enhanced.

[0079] Figure 26 All phases of flow (leftmost, normal, and rightmost) are shown simultaneously, with the container (110) removed for greater clarity. The sum of all flow curves with this exemplary method (310) indicates that a thicker line width is more advantageous. This increased volume in step (330) can be due to a higher fan output and / or increased duty cycle of the first module (P1) with the rightmost channel to compensate for the external heat exposure on the first side wall (148), and shows the benefit of multi-path flow to achieve thermal standardization in under-served areas.

[0080] B. Second Exemplary Container Figure 27 And Figure 28 A second exemplary container (410) is shown. The container (410) is similar to the container (110) described above with reference to Figures 1-26 , unless otherwise noted below. The container (410) has a larger interior (414) than the container (110), which can typically hold four American pallets or five European pallets; however, it is contemplated that the container (410) can have a variety of different geometries. The container (410) has different dimensions and volumes than the container (110) of Figures 1-26 , but similarly utilizes the efficiency gains of regulated air and contoured flow to enable temperature control in the range of about -20°C to about 25°C. As Figure 28 indicated, there are multiple airflow modules (P1-P6) for dynamic contoured flow patterns. However, more or fewer modules and fans are also contemplated.

[0081] AsFigure 27 and Figure 28 As shown, the housing (422) is formed by a plurality of walls including a first end wall (444), a second end wall (446), a first side wall (448), a second side wall (450), a top wall (452), and a bottom wall (454). The container (410) also includes a rear top ceiling (451) and a floor (462) adjacent to the cold wall (472). Similar to the return air flow channel (168), the vent (470) positioned in the floor (462) is in communication with the return air flow channel (468). The container (410) includes a controller (436) similar to the controller (136) shown and described above with reference to Figure 27 and 29 As shown, the first side wall (448) and the second side wall (450) include a plurality of protrusions (465) forming grooves (467).

[0082] C. Third Exemplary Container Figures 29-30 A third exemplary container (510) is shown that includes a hybrid (or semi-passive) system. The container (510) is similar to the container (110) shown and described above with reference to Figures 1-26 As shown, the cooling system (574) includes a sublimation heat exchanger (576), a sublimation material containment tank (578) configured to receive sublimation material (580), rather than a phase change material containment tank (584) as shown and described above with reference to Figure 33 The sublimation material (580) can include a quantity of dry ice in the form of one or more blocks, pellets, and / or shavings. The cooling material generally provides a passive source of cooling energy in response to the container (110) being in a cooling mode in a relatively warm environment. The cold reservoir can be a sublimation-based material such as dry ice or a plurality of pre-conditioned containment tanks (584) including a phase change material (similar to the phase change material containment tank (684) of

[0083] As shown, the cooling system (574) includes a sublimation heat exchanger (576), a sublimation material containment tank (578) configured to receive sublimation material (580), rather than a phase change material containment tank (584) as shown and described above with reference to Figures 1-2The sublimation heat exchanger (576) is configured to provide cooled air to the interior (114). The sublimation heat exchanger (576) includes a heat sink (586). A pass-through door (582) can be utilized to add or remove the sublimation material (580) from the container (110). The pass-through door (582) can allow the sublimation material (580) to be easily removed without opening the door (156). As shown, at least one of the first end wall (544), the second end wall (546), the first side wall (548), or the second side wall (550) includes an optional removable containment bin (584).

[0084] A temperature control system (516) utilizing dry ice as the sublimation material (580) can have a set point below about -20°C. The container (510) achieves an extended temperature control range (about -20°C to about 25°C) without the HVAC system (118). This predetermined temperature range can be obtained by increasing the flow. For example, due to the fixed volume of the sublimation material (580) (e.g., dry ice) and the energy available as a result, a temperature of about -40°C to about -30°C can be obtained at the expense of the duration of the thermal control time. For example, a hybrid system utilizing both active energy and dry ice and / or phase change material can allow for longer durations of transport. This can be similar to the container (610) shown and described with reference to Figures 31-33 but also includes Figure 30 the sublimation heat exchanger (576) shown. The cooling system (574) allows the container (510) to operate at temperatures as low as about -79°C.

[0085] Cold energy is transferred from within the fan shroud (542) to the interior (514) or mounted in the interior (514), including on walls or ceilings that can be adversely affected by heat or sunlight. One or more fans (Fl-12) can be used to recirculate the cold air, or to facilitate heat exchange in the case of a removable containment bin with a heat sink or on the surface of the contained material. In this case, heat transfer in the cooling mode involves drawing air flow through a replaceable or refillable container (110) containing dry ice through heat exchange devices (e.g., microfin heat sink attachments) placed at the location of the evaporator coils (180) in the container (110). The battery (524) consumption will be lower, thus enabling longer durations for the same size or a smaller battery can be utilized for the same time as the container (110) shown. The container (510) includes multiple temperature sensors, which can be similar to the temperature sensors (S1-S18) shown and described above. Figures 1-2

[0086] D. Fourth Exemplary Container Figures 31-33 ​A fourth exemplary container (610) is shown, which is similar to the above- referenced Figures 1-26 The container (110) shown and described, unless otherwise noted below. The container (610) is shown as a passive container that does not include an HVAC system (118). The container (710) includes a plurality of walls including a first end wall (644), a second end wall (646), a first side wall (648), a second side wall (650), a top wall (652), and a bottom wall (654). The walls (644, 646, 648, 650, 652, 654) collectively define an interior (614) of the container (610).

[0087] The temperature control system (616) is configured to uniformly regulate the interior (614). The temperature control system (616) includes a cooling material (622). Similar to the container (510) of Figures 29-30 The cooling material (622) can be a sublimation material (580) and / or a phase change material. The recirculation fans (R3, R4) provide recirculation of air in the interior (114) without utilizing an HVAC system (118) to generate conditioned air as shown and described above. The temperature control system (616) can utilize at least one first fan (shown as recirculation fan (R3)) to direct a first volume (VI) of air to a first location in the interior (614). Further, the temperature control system (616) can utilize a second fan (shown as recirculation fan (R4)) to direct a second volume (V2) of air to a second location in the interior (614). The first volume (VI) of air is greater than the second volume (V2) of air such that a temperature change at the first location is greater than a temperature change at the second location. As shown, the recirculation fans (R3, R4) are positioned adjacent to the first end wall (644) and away from the door (656). Alternatively, the recirculation fans (R3, R4) can be positioned adjacent to the second end wall (646) and the door (656).

[0088] Figure 31Contour flow in a passive container (610) used only in recirculation mode is shown. Recirculation of air produces a more uniform interior (614) temperature. The container (610) does not have an active setup that heats or cools the cargo to a set point. The recirculation fans (R3, R4) can omit the "set point". The passive container (610) (e.g., for air cargo transport) can utilize multiple pre-conditioned phase change material blocks or boxes (684) lined in the sides, doors, and roof of the container (610). These boxes (684) are placed between temperature sensitive cargo and the inner wall (614). Insulation (e.g., vacuum insulated panels) is placed between the inner and outer surfaces as part of the structure. The passive container (610) is exposed to external temperature effects similar to active and semi-passive containers, primarily due to heat and the sun. Therefore, it is desirable to minimize the effects of elevated side temperatures that can create a non-uniform temperature distribution within the interior (614) of the container (610). By including internal recirculation based on temperature sensor input, a more standardized temperature distribution in the interior (614) can be obtained and subsequently maintained.

[0089] The recirculation fans (R3, R4) can be standalone devices containing one or more batteries (624), temperature sensors, and controllers. For example, a temperature control system (616) that operates a particular contour flow, battery, temperature sensor, and fan can be housed within a standalone air cylinder or stack. The recirculation fans (R3, R4) can be powered by optional solar panels (655) positioned on the roof wall (652). The recirculation fans (R3, R4) can be connected by a wired connection or wirelessly. Communication from the controller (136) of the temperature control system (616) can drive the functionality of the recirculation fans (R3, R4) placed in other corners of the container (610). As shown, the communication lines (620) allow one master control unit (e.g., recirculation fan (R3)) to coordinate control with the temperature sensors (SI, S2) and operate additional (e.g., second, third, fourth, etc.) secondary units (e.g., recirculation fans (R4)) positioned in other areas of the interior (114). It is also contemplated that the master and secondary units can communicate wirelessly (e.g., including Bluetooth communication).

[0090] Figures 34-36 Exemplary recirculation fans (R3, R3a, R3b) are shown utilized with containers (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) in place of recirculation fans (Rl, R2, R4, R5, R6). Specifically, Figure 34A recirculating fan (R3) including a controller (686) and a battery (688) is shown, with the airflow direction indicated by an arrow (690). The controller (686) may be similar to the controller (136). The battery (688) may be similar to the battery (124), but may be smaller (e.g., including fewer ampere-hours) to adequately power the fan. Figure 34 As shown, the controller (686), battery (688) and axial fan (690) are located inside the recirculation fan (R3). Figure 35 A recirculation fan (R3a) is shown, comprising a controller (686), a battery (688), and an axial fan (690), but also including a counter-axial fan (692) that directs air in a second direction opposite to the first direction. This configuration allows the recirculation fan (R3a) to direct air in the first direction (indicated by arrow (694)) using the axial fan (690), or to direct air in the second direction (indicated by arrow (696) using the axial fan (692), wherein the second direction is opposite to the first direction. This bidirectional airflow can also be achieved using a bidirectional fan (not shown). Figure 36 A recirculation fan (R3b) is shown, wherein the controller (686) and the battery (688) are not located inside the recirculation fan (R3b), but are connected to the recirculation fan (R3b) via a wire (698).

[0091] E. Fifth Exemplary Container Figures 37-38 A fifth exemplary container (710) is shown, which is similar to the reference above. Figures 31-36 The container (610) shown and described, unless otherwise stated below. Container (710) is shown as excluding the HVAC system (118). Container (710) can be manually converted from a typical flat construction as... Figure 37 The assembly configuration shown is for transporting temperature-sensitive goods. This flat configuration reduces volume during transport when the temperature-sensitive goods are not included. The container (710) includes multiple walls, including a first end wall (744), a second end wall (746), a first side wall (748), a second side wall (750), a top wall (752), and a bottom wall (754). The walls (744, 746, 748, 750, 752, 754) collectively define the interior (714) of the container (710). The interior (714) is configured to receive temperature-sensitive goods (712). The container (710) includes multiple temperature sensors, shown as (S1-S4), located outside the recirculation fans (R3-R6); however, more or fewer temperature sensors are also conceivable. The container (710) includes a temperature control system (716) similar to a temperature control system (616).

[0092] The container (710) includes a plurality of removable containment boxes (756) containing phase change material. The plurality of removable containment boxes (756) can be coupled together, if desired, or can be inserted into the foldable sleeves (758) of the walls (744, 746, 748, 750). The bottom surfaces of the walls (744, 746, 748, 750) are configured to be selectively positioned within the recesses (764) of the bottom wall (754). Similarly, the top surfaces of the walls (744, 746, 748, 750) are configured to be selectively positioned within recesses (not shown) of the top wall (752). The bottom wall 754 is positioned on the tray 760.

[0093] Similar to the container (610), the container (710) includes at least one recirculation fan, recirculation fans (R3-R6) are shown in Figures 37-38 The recirculation fans (R3-R6) are shown spaced apart from the top and bottom walls (752, 754). The recirculation fans (R3-R6) can be similar to the recirculation fans (R1, R2, R3a, R3b) shown and described above. In some versions, the recirculation fans (R3-R6) can be powered by optional solar panels (762) positioned on the top wall (652). As shown, the recirculation fans (R3, R4) direct air in a first direction (shown as an upward direction), and the recirculation fans (R5, R6) direct air in a second direction (shown as a downward direction). Alternatively, the recirculation fans (R3, R5) can provide air directed in a first direction (e.g., upward direction), and the recirculation fans (R4, R6) direct air in a second direction (e.g., downward direction) such that the diagonal fans direct air in the same direction. The recirculation fans (R3-R6) can utilize the controller (686) for wireless interaction. Alternatively, the recirculation fans (R3-R6) can share a common controller and / or battery similar to the recirculation fans (R3b). The recirculation fans (R3-R6) can be attached to the container (710) with adhesive, tape, hook and loop fasteners, and / or fasteners or any other suitable structure.

[0094] II. COMBINATION EXAMPLES The following examples pertain to various non-limiting ways in which the teachings herein can be combined and applied. It should be appreciated that the following examples are not intended to limit the coverage of any claim that might issued in this or future applications owned by the applicant. No admission is intended, nor should be inferred, that any particular example described herein must include all of the features described with respect to that example. Not all possible combinations can be described (or necessary components can have been overlooked). It is intended that the following examples be considered in a most generic sense, and appropriate modifications can be made in view of the teachings herein. The following examples are provided by way of illustration, and nothing therein should be deemed as limiting the coverage hereof. It is anticipated that various teachings herein can be extended to other ways than those expressly described herein. It is also contemplated that some variations can omit, substitute, or add a particular feature or features. Accordingly, it is intended that each example be considered within its broader context. If any claim issued in this or a subsequent application owned by the assignee incorporates the following additional features beyond those described below, these additional features should not be presumed to have been added for any reason relating to patentability.

[0095] Example 1 A container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) configured to hold temperature sensitive cargo (112, 112a, 112b, 712), the container comprising: (a) a plurality of walls (144, 146, 148, 150, 152, 154, 444, 446, 448, 450, 452, 454, 644, 646, 648, 650, 652, 654, 744, 746, 748, 750, 752, 754) defining an interior (114, 414, 514, 614, 714) of the container, wherein the interior is configured to receive the temperature sensitive cargo; (b) a first temperature sensor (SI) positioned at a first location in the interior; (c) a second temperature sensor (S2) positioned at a second location in the interior, wherein the second location is separated from the first location by a distance; and (d) a temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) configured to provide air to the interior, wherein the temperature control system is in communication with the first and second temperature sensors, wherein the temperature control system comprises first and second fans (Fl, F2, R3, R4), the temperature control system configured to: (i) receive a first temperature value from the first temperature sensor (SI) positioned at the first location in the interior, (ii) receive a second temperature value from the second temperature sensor (S2) positioned at the second location in the interior, (iii) determine whether at least one of the first or second temperature values is outside of a predetermined temperature range, and (iv) in response to determining that the first temperature value is outside of the predetermined temperature range: (A) direct a first volume (VI) of air to the first location in the interior with at least the first fan, and (B) direct a second volume (V2) of air to the second location in the interior of the container with the second fan to alter air flow around the temperature sensitive cargo, wherein the first volume is greater than the second volume such that a change in temperature at the first location is greater than a change in temperature at the second location.

[0096] Example 2 The container (110, 410, 510) of Example 1, wherein the temperature control system (116) further comprises a heater (190, 590) configured to provide air as heated air, wherein the temperature control system is configured to, in response to determining that the first temperature value is less than the predetermined temperature range: (A) direct a first volume (VI) of heated air to a first location in the interior using at least a first fan, and (B) direct a second volume (V2) of heated air to a second location in the container interior using a second fan, wherein the first volume of heated air is greater than the second volume of heated air such that a temperature rise at the first location is greater than a temperature rise at the second location.

[0097] Example 3 The container (110, 410, 510) of Example 1, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516) further comprises a cooling system (174, 574) configured to provide air as cooled air, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516) is configured to, in response to determining that the first temperature value is less than the predetermined temperature range: (A) direct a first volume (VI) of cooled air to a first location in the interior using at least a first fan (Fl), and (B) direct a second volume (V2) of cooled air to a second location in the container interior using a second fan (F2), wherein the first volume of cooled air is greater than the second volume of cooled air such that a temperature drop at the first location is greater than a temperature drop at the second location.

[0098] Example 4 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-3, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to direct the first fan (Fl) to provide the first volume (VI) using a series of on and off pulses.

[0099] Example 5 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-4, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to direct the second fan (F2, R4) to provide the second volume (V2) using a series of on and off pulses.

[0100] Example 6 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-5, further comprising: (a) a third fan (F3, R5) operating in parallel with the first fan (Fl, R3) to direct the first volume (VI), and (b) a fourth fan (F4, R6) operating in parallel with the second fan (F2, R4) to direct the second volume (V2).

[0101] Example 7 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-6, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to increase the speed setting of the first fan (Fl, R3) in response to determining that the first temperature value is outside the predetermined temperature range.

[0102] Example 8 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-7, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to decrease the speed setting of the second fan (F2, R4) in response to determining that the first temperature value is outside the predetermined temperature range.

[0103] Example 9 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-8, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to automatically adjust the flow rate of the first fan (Fl, R3) relative to the second fan (F2, R4) in response to determining that the first temperature value is outside the predetermined temperature range.

[0104] Example 10 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-9, the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to: (A) direct a first volume (VI) with the first fan (Fl, R3) at a first flow rate to a first location in the interior, and (B) direct a second volume (V2) with the second fan (F2, R4) at a second flow rate to a second location in the container interior, wherein the first flow rate is greater than the second flow rate such that a temperature change at the first location is greater than a temperature change at the second location.

[0105] Example 11 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-10, the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to: (A) direct a first volume with the first fan (Fl, R3) for a first time period to a first location in the interior, and (B) direct a second volume with the second fan (F2, R4) for a second time period to a second location in the container interior, wherein the first time period is greater than the second time period such that a temperature change at the first location is greater than a temperature change at the second location.

[0106] Example 12 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-11, further comprising a third temperature sensor (S3) positioned at a third location in the interior, wherein the third location is separate from both the first location and the second location, wherein the temperature control system further comprises a third fan (F3, R5), the temperature control system being further configured to: (i) receive a third temperature value from the third temperature sensor at the third location in the interior, (ii) determine whether at least one of the first, second, or third temperature values is outside the predetermined temperature range, (iii) in response to determining that the first and third temperature values are outside the predetermined temperature range: (A) direct a first volume (VI) to the first location in the interior with at least the first fan, (B) direct a second volume (V2) to the second location in the container interior with the second fan, and (C) direct a third volume (V3a) to the third location in the interior with at least the third fan (F3), wherein the first volume is greater than the third volume, the third volume is greater than the second volume, such that a temperature change at the first location is greater than a temperature change at the third location, the temperature change at the third location is greater than a temperature change at the second location.

[0107] Example 13 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-11, further comprising a third temperature sensor (S3) positioned at a third location in the interior, wherein the third location is separate from both the first location and the second location, wherein the temperature control system further comprises a third fan (F3, R5), the temperature control system being further configured to: (i) receive a third temperature value from the third temperature sensor at the third location in the interior, (ii) determine whether at least one of the first, second, or third temperature values is outside the predetermined temperature range, (iii) in response to determining that the first temperature value is outside the predetermined temperature range: (A) direct a first volume (VI) to the first location in the interior with at least the first and third fans (Fl, F3, R3, R5), and (B) direct a second volume (V2) to the second location in the container interior with the second fan (F2, R4).

[0108] Example 14 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-11, further comprising a third temperature sensor (S3) positioned at a third location in the interior, wherein the third location is separate from both the first location and the second location, wherein the temperature control system further comprises a third fan, the temperature control system (116) being further configured to: (i) receive a third temperature value from the third temperature sensor (S3) at the third location in the interior, (ii) determine whether at least one of the first, second, or third temperature values is outside a predetermined temperature range, (iii) in response to determining that the first temperature value is outside the predetermined temperature range: (A) direct the first volume (VI) to the first location in the interior with at least the first fan (Fl, R3) while the third fan (F3, R5) is off, and (B) direct the second volume (V2) to the second location in the container interior with the second fan (F2).

[0109] Example 15 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-14, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to provide air equally to the first and second locations prior to directing the first volume (VI) to the first location and the second volume (V2) to the second location.

[0110] Example 16 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-11, wherein the temperature control system (116) is configured to provide a third volume of air to the first location and a fourth volume (V4) of air to the second location prior to directing the first volume (VI) to the first location and the second volume (V2) to the second location, wherein the fourth volume (V4) is greater than the third volume (V3).

[0111] Example 17 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-16, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to determine whether at least one of the first temperature value or the second temperature value is outside a predetermined temperature range in response to directing the first volume (VI) to the first location and the second volume (V2) to the second location.

[0112] Example 18 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-17, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to maintain the interior at a temperature range of about -20 °C to about 25 °C.

[0113] Example 19 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-18, the temperature control system (116) further comprising an HVAC condenser-evaporator (118) system, the HVAC condenser-evaporator system comprising a refrigerant (188).

[0114] Example 20 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of Example 19, wherein the temperature control system (116) comprises a fan (Rl, R2) configured to be operable independently of the HVAC condenser-evaporator system (118).

[0115] Example 21 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-20, the temperature control system (116) further comprising: (i) an evaporator (176) comprising a plurality of evaporator coils (180), and (ii) a condenser (178) comprising: (A) a plurality of condenser coils (182), and (B) a condenser fan (184).

[0116] Example 22 The container (110, 410) of Example 21, wherein the condenser coils (182) and the condenser fan (184) are separated from the evaporator coils (180) by an insulating wall (186).

[0117] Example 23 The container (510) of any one or more of Examples 1-22, the temperature control system (516) further comprising: (i) a containment tank (578) configured to receive a sublimation material (580), and (ii) a sublimation heat exchanger (576) configured to provide cooled air to the interior (514).

[0118] Example 24 The container (110, 410, 510, 610) of any one or more of Examples 1-23, wherein at least one of the walls (144, 146, 148, 150) comprises a vacuum insulated panel (166).

[0119] Example 25 The container (110, 410, 510, 610) of any one or more of Examples 1-23, the plurality of walls further comprising: (i) a first end wall (144, 644), (ii) a second end wall (146, 646) disposed opposite the first end wall, wherein the second end wall comprises at least one door (156, 656) configured to load and unload the temperature sensitive cargo, (iii) a first side wall (148, 648) positioned between the first and second end walls, and (iv) a second side wall (150, 650) positioned between the first and second end walls and opposite the first side wall.

[0120] Example 26 The container (110, 410, 510, 610) of Example 25, wherein the first end wall (144, 644), the second end wall (146, 646), the first side wall (148, 648), and the second side wall (150, 650) each comprise at least one vacuum insulated panel (166).

[0121] Example 27 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 25-26, wherein at least one of the first end wall (744), the second end wall (746), the first side wall (748), or the second side wall (750) comprises a removable container (584, 756) containing a phase change material.

[0122] Example 28 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 25-27, further comprising a recirculation fan (R1) positioned adjacent the door.

[0123] Example 29 The container (110, 410, 510, 610) of any one or more of Examples 25-28, wherein the first and second fans (F1, F2, R3, R4) are positioned adjacent the first end wall (144) and away from the at least one door.

[0124] Example 30 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 25-29, wherein a first temperature sensor is positioned at a first portion of the first end wall (144), wherein a second temperature sensor is positioned at a second portion of the first end wall (144).

[0125] Example 31 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 25-29, wherein a first temperature sensor is positioned adjacent the first side wall (148), wherein a second temperature sensor is positioned adjacent the second side wall (150).

[0126] Example 32 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 25-29, wherein the first temperature sensor is positioned at the first sidewall (148), and wherein the second temperature sensor is positioned at the second sidewall (150).

[0127] Example 33 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 25-29, wherein the first temperature sensor is positioned at a first portion of the temperature-sensitive cargo (112, 112a, 112b), and wherein the second temperature sensor is positioned at a second portion of the temperature-sensitive cargo (112, 112a, 112b).

[0128] Example 34 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 25-29, wherein the first temperature sensor is positioned adjacent to the first sidewall (148), and wherein the second temperature sensor is positioned at a first portion of the temperature-sensitive cargo (112, 112a, 112b).

[0129] Example 35 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 25-29, wherein the first temperature sensor is positioned at a first portion of the temperature-sensitive cargo (112, 112a, 112b), and wherein the second temperature sensor is positioned adjacent to the first sidewall.

[0130] Example 36 The container (110, 410, 510) of any one or more of Examples 25-35, the plurality of walls further comprising: (i) a top wall (152, 452), and (ii) a bottom wall (154, 454) positioned opposite the top wall, wherein the bottom wall is spaced apart from the bottom panel (162, 462), wherein the bottom wall and the bottom panel collectively define a return air flow passage (168, 468) configured to deliver return airflow to the temperature control system (116).

[0131] Example 37 The container (110, 410) of Example 36, wherein the top wall (152, 452, 752) does not include a plenum that delivers air to the first and second locations.

[0132] Example 38 The container (110) of Examples 36-37, further comprising a fan (FF) positioned at least partially within the return air flow passage (168) to draw return air into the return air flow passage.

[0133] Example 39 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of examples 36-38, further comprising a fan (R2) positioned at least partially within the return air flow passage to provide a localized airflow back into the interior.

[0134] Example 40 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of examples 36-39, further comprising a vent (170, 470) positioned in the floor (162, 462) in communication with the return air flow passage.

[0135] Example 41 The container (110, 410, 510) of any one or more of examples 36-40, further comprising a moisture absorbing material positioned at least partially within the return air flow passage (168, 468).

[0136] Example 42 The container (110) of example 41, wherein the moisture absorbing material is contained within a moisture absorbing device (202), wherein the moisture absorbing device is removable from the container (110) with the passage door (208).

[0137] Example 43 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of examples 1-42, wherein the first fan (Fl, R3) is an axial fan (230), a twisted fan (228), or a tubular fan (232).

[0138] Example 44 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of examples 1-43, wherein the second fan (F2, R4) is an axial fan (230), a twisted fan (228), or a tubular fan (232).

[0139] Example 45 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of examples 43-44, wherein the tubular fan (232) includes a first axis (Al) and a second axis (A2) perpendicular to the first axis, wherein the tubular fan (232) extends vertically along the first axis.

[0140] Example 46 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of examples 1-45, wherein the second fan (F2, R4) is selectively adjustable to direct at least a portion of the first volume to the first location.

[0141] Example 47 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-46, wherein the temperature control system is configured to vary a flow rate of the first fan (Fl, R3) relative to the second fan (F2, R4).

[0142] Example 48 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-47, wherein the temperature control system includes louvers (224) movable between at least a first position and a second position, wherein the louvers are configured to affect a first volume (VI) and a second volume (V2) of air to the first position and the second position.

[0143] Example 49 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-48, the plurality of walls further comprising: (i) a first side wall (148), and (ii) a second side wall (150) positioned opposite the first side wall, wherein the louvers (224) in the first position are configured to direct a greater volume to the first side wall (148) than to the second side wall (150).

[0144] Example 50 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-49, wherein the temperature control system further includes a controller (136) configured to provide grouped control of the first and second fans.

[0145] Example 51 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-50, wherein the second fan is positioned vertically above the first fan.

[0146] Example 52 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-51, wherein the second fan (F2, R4) is positioned horizontally adjacent to the first fan (Fl, R3).

[0147] Example 53 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-52, wherein the interior (114, 414, 514, 614, 714) is configured to receive a cargo (158) of at least one pallet.

[0148] Example 54 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-53, wherein the container is sized as a unit load device.

[0149] Example 55 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-54, wherein the container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) is sized and configured to fit inside an aircraft.

[0150] Example 56 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-55, wherein the temperature control system includes at least one of an evaporator coil (180) or a condenser coil (182), wherein the at least one of the evaporator coil (180) or the condenser coil (182) includes microfins (183) to increase surface area to enhance heat exchange.

[0151] Example 57 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-56, wherein the first and second fans (Fl, F2) are positioned in a fan shroud (142, 542), wherein the fan shroud includes at least one trapezoidal recess (214) to direct the first and second volumes (VI, V2).

[0152] Example 58 The container (110, 410, 510) of any one or more of Examples 1-57, further comprising a fan shroud (142, 542) including a first arc-shaped deflector (216), wherein the first arc-shaped deflector is configured to help the first fan direct the first volume of air to a first location in the interior (114, 414, 514).

[0153] Example 59 The container (110, 410, 510) of any one or more of Examples 1-58, wherein the fan shroud (142, 542) includes a second arc-shaped deflector (216), wherein the second arc-shaped deflector is configured to help the second fan direct the second volume of air to a second location in the interior (114, 414, 514).

[0154] Example 60 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-59, further comprising a static well (220) configured to increase static airflow in the interior.

[0155] Example 61 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-60, further comprising a device (204) for extracting moisture and a device (206) for storing the removed moisture in the container.

[0156] Example 62 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1 to 61, further comprising a moisture absorbing device (202) configured to remove moisture from air.

[0157] Example 63 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1 to 62, further comprising a passage door (208) configured to allow removal of the moisture absorbing device (202) from the container (110).

[0158] Example 64 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1 to 63, further comprising at least one lead acid battery, nickel-hydrogen battery, or lithium battery (124, 688) configured to provide power to the temperature control system.

[0159] Example 65 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1 to 64, further comprising a controller (136) and a sensor (132, 134).

[0160] Example 66 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of Example 65, wherein the sensor (132, 134) is a global positioning sensor, an accelerometer, a light detector, a pressure sensor, or a hygrometer.

[0161] Example 67 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1 to 66, the temperature control system (116) further comprising a user interface (138) configured to display at least one of system status, operation, set point control, power display, operational input.

[0162] Example 68 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of Example 67, wherein the user interface (138) is configured to be accessed wirelessly.

[0163] Example 69 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1 to 68, wherein the first fan (Fl) is configured to provide a dynamic profile air flow to a first location in the container interior.

[0164] Example 70 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of examples 1-69, wherein the second fan (F2) is configured to provide a dynamic profile airflow within the interior of the container.

[0165] Example 71 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of examples 1-70, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to enhance performance and efficiency of the container.

[0166] Example 72 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of examples 1-70, wherein air moves from a high pressure area to a low pressure area.

[0167] Example 73 A container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) configured to house temperature sensitive cargo (112, 112a, 112b, 712), the container comprising: (a) a plurality of walls (144, 146, 148, 150, 152, 154, 444, 446, 448, 450, 452, 454, 644, 646, 648, 650, 652, 654, 744, 746, 748, 750, 752, 754) defining an interior (114, 414, 514, 614, 714), the interior defining an interior of the container, wherein the interior is configured to receive the temperature sensitive cargo; (b) a first temperature sensor (SI) positioned at a first location in the interior; (c) a second temperature sensor (S2) positioned at a second location in the interior, wherein the second location is separated from the first location by a distance; and (d) a temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) configured to provide conditioned air to the interior, wherein the temperature control system is in communication with the first and second temperature sensors, wherein the temperature control system includes a first fan, the temperature control system configured to: (i) receive a first temperature value from the first temperature sensor positioned at the first location in the interior, (ii) receive a second temperature value from the second temperature sensor positioned at the second location in the interior, (iii) determine whether at least one of the first temperature value or the second temperature value is outside of a predetermined temperature range, and (iv) in response to determining that the first temperature value is outside of the predetermined temperature range, direct the first fan to provide a first volume of the conditioned air to the first location in the interior with a series of on-off pulses.

[0168] Example 74 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-73, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) further comprises a second fan configured to provide a second volume of air to the first location in the interior.

[0169] Example 75 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-74, wherein the first fan (R3A) is configured to provide air in a first direction (694) in the first configuration and in a second direction (696) in the second configuration, wherein the second direction is opposite the first direction.

[0170] Example 76 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-75, wherein the first fan (R3) is attached to the container (710) with at least one of an adhesive, a tape, a hook and loop fastener, or a fastener.

[0171] Example 77 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-76, wherein the plurality of walls includes a first end wall (744), a first side wall (748), and a bottom wall (754), wherein the bottom wall includes a recess (764) configured to receive at least one of the first end wall (744) or the first side wall (748).

[0172] Example 78 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-77, wherein the first fan (R3, R3a, R3b) is a tubular fan that receives air at a first terminal end (697) and expels air at a second terminal end (699), wherein the first terminal end is opposite the second terminal end.

[0173] Example 79 The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) of any one or more of Examples 1-78, wherein the first fan (R3, R3a, R3b) directs the first volume (VI) in a first direction, wherein the second fan (R3, R3a, R3b) directs the second volume (V2) in a second direction opposite the first direction.

[0174] Example 80 A method for maintaining a container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) within a predetermined temperature range, comprising: (a) sensing, with a first temperature sensor (SI), a first temperature value at a first location in an interior (114, 414, 514, 614, 714) of the container; (b) sensing, with a second temperature sensor (S2), a second temperature value at a second location in the interior of the container; (c) determining whether at least one of the first or second temperature values is outside the predetermined temperature range; and (d) in response to determining that the first temperature value is outside the predetermined temperature range: (i) directing, with at least a first fan (Fl, R3), a first volume of air to the first location in the interior, and (ii) directing, with a second fan (F2, R4), a second volume of air to the second location in the interior of the container to alter airflow around temperature sensitive cargo (112, 112a, 112b, 712), wherein the first volume of air is greater than the second volume of air such that a temperature change at the first location is greater than a temperature change at the second location.

[0175] Example 81 A cargo container, comprising: (a) a plurality of walls defining an interior; and (b) an active electrical temperature control system configured to maintain the interior at a temperature range of about -20°C to about 25°C.

[0176] Example 82 The container of example 81, wherein the chamber is configured to receive at least one pallet size cargo load.

[0177] Example 83 The container of any one or more of examples 81-82, wherein the cargo container is sized and configured to fit within an interior of an aircraft.

[0178] Example 84 The container of any one or more of examples 81-83, wherein the chamber is in the form of a unit load device.

[0179] Example 85 The container of any one or more of examples 81-84, the temperature control system further comprising an HVAC compressor-evaporator system including a refrigerant.

[0180] Example 86 The container of any one or more of examples 81-88, wherein the active electrical temperature control system includes a fan configured to operate independently of the HVAC compressor-evaporator system.

[0181] Example 87 Any one or more of examples 81-85, wherein the active electrical temperature control system includes at least one of an evaporator or condenser coil, wherein at least one of the evaporator or condenser includes microfins to increase surface area to enhance heat exchange.

[0182] Example 88 Any one or more of examples 81-86, further comprising at least one of a curved fan cover, a high efficiency fan, and an optimized static pressure well configured to increase static air flow in the interior.

[0183] Example 89 Any one or more of examples 81-87, wherein the active electrical temperature control system includes a first fan configured to provide dynamic profile air flow to a first location in the interior of the container.

[0184] Example 90 Any one or more of example 89, wherein the active electrical temperature control system includes a second fan configured to provide dynamic profile air flow in the interior of the container.

[0185] Example 91 Any one or more of example 90, further comprising a controller configured to provide grouped or individual control of the first and second fans.

[0186] Example 92 Any one or more of examples 81-91, wherein the active electrical temperature control system is configured to: (i) direct a first volume of air to a first location in the interior of the container with the first fan, and (ii) direct a second volume of air to a second location in the interior of the container with the second fan, wherein the first volume of air is greater than the second volume of air.

[0187] Example 93 Any one or more of examples 81-92, wherein the active electrical temperature control system is configured to vary a flow rate of the first fan relative to the second fan.

[0188] Example 94 Any one or more of examples 81-93, wherein the active electrical temperature control system is configured to: (i) direct air to a first location in the interior of the container for a first time period, and (ii) direct a second volume of air to a second location in the interior of the container for a second time period, wherein the first time period is greater than the second time period.

[0189] Example 95 Any one or more of examples 81-94, further comprising a ducted floor vent.

[0190] Example 96 The container of any one or more of Examples 81-95, further comprising a moisture extraction and on-board storage device.

[0191] Example 97 The container of any one or more of Examples 81-96, further comprising at least one lead acid, nickel hydrogen, or lithium battery.

[0192] Example 98 The container of any one or more of Examples 81-97, further comprising a return air flow passage and a moisture absorbing material positioned at least partially in the return air flow passage.

[0193] Example 99 The container of any one or more of Examples 81-98, further comprising a moisture removal device comprising a collection and on-board storage component in the water tank.

[0194] Example 100 The container of any one or more of Examples 81-99, wherein the container is configured to enhance performance and efficiency of a temperature control system.

[0195] Example 101 A cargo container comprising: (a) a plurality of walls defining an interior; and (b) a semi-passive temperature control system configured to maintain a temperature range of about -20°C to about 25°C using dry ice sublimation.

[0196] Example 102 The container of Example 101, wherein the chamber is configured to receive at least one pallet size cargo load.

[0197] Example 103 The container of any one or more of Examples 101-102, wherein the cargo container is sized and configured to fit within an interior of an aircraft.

[0198] Example 104 The container of any one or more of Examples 101-103, wherein the chamber is in the form of a unit load device.

[0199] Example 105 The container of any one or more of Examples 101-104, further comprising at least one of a curved fan shroud, a high efficiency fan, and an optimized static well configured to increase static air flow in the interior.

[0200] Example 106 The container of any one or more of Examples 101-105, wherein the temperature control system comprises a first fan configured to provide dynamic contour air flow to a first location in the interior of the container.

[0201] Example 107 Any one or more of the containers of example 106, wherein the temperature control system includes a second fan configured to provide a dynamic profile air flow within the interior of the container.

[0202] Example 108 Any one or more of the containers of example 107, further comprising a controller configured to provide grouped or individual control of the first and second fans.

[0203] Example 109 Any one or more of the containers of examples 101-108, wherein the temperature control system is configured to: (i) direct a first volume of air to a first location within the interior of the container with the first fan, and (ii) direct a second volume of air to a second location within the interior of the container with the second fan, wherein the first volume of air is greater than the second volume of air.

[0204] Example 110 Any one or more of the containers of examples 101-109, wherein the active electrical temperature control system is configured to vary a flow rate of the first fan relative to the second fan.

[0205] Example 111 Any one or more of the containers of examples 101-110, wherein the temperature control system is configured to: (i) direct air to a first location within the interior of the container for a first time period, and (ii) direct a second volume of air to a second location within the interior of the container for a second time period, wherein the first time period is greater than the second time period.

[0206] Example 112 Any one or more of the containers of examples 101-111, further comprising a ducted floor vent.

[0207] Example 113 Any one or more of the containers of examples 101-112, further comprising a moisture extraction and on-board storage device.

[0208] Example 114 Any one or more of the containers of examples 101-113, further comprising at least one lead-acid, nickel-hydrogen, or lithium battery.

[0209] Example 115 Any one or more of the containers of examples 101-114, further comprising a return air flow channel and a moisture absorbing material positioned at least partially within the return air flow channel.

[0210] Example 116 Any one or more of the containers of examples 101-115, further comprising a moisture removal device including a collection and on-board storage component in a water tank.

[0211] Example 117 Any one or more of examples 101-116, wherein the container is configured to improve performance and efficiency of a temperature control system.

[0212] Example 118 A cargo container comprising: (a) a plurality of walls defining an interior; and (b) a temperature control system configured to maintain a temperature range of about -20 °C to about 25 °C, the temperature control system comprising: (i) a controller, (ii) at least one sensor configured to sense a temperature, and (iii) at least one fan configured to direct air to a selected portion of the interior in response to the temperature sensed by the sensor.

[0213] Example 119 A method of uniformly cooling a container, the method comprising: (a) sensing a first temperature at a first location within an interior of the container with a first sensor; (b) sensing a second temperature at a second location within the interior of the container with a second sensor; (c) determining that the first temperature is greater than the second temperature; and (d) cooling the first location at a greater intensity than the second location.

[0214] Example 120 The method of example 119, wherein the cargo container is sized and configured to fit within an interior of an aircraft.

[0215] Example 121 The method of any one or more of examples 119-120, the cooling action further comprising: (a) directing a first volume of air to the first location; and (b) directing a second volume of air to the second location, wherein the first volume of air is greater than the second volume of air.

[0216] Example 122 The method of example 121, further comprising directing a third volume of air to a third location within the interior, wherein the first volume of air is greater than the second volume of air, and the second volume of air is greater than the third volume of air.

[0217] Example 123 The method of any one or more of examples 119-122, the cooling action further comprising: (a) providing a first air flow rate with a first fan, and (b) providing a second air flow rate with a second fan.

[0218] Example 124 The method of any one or more of examples 119-123, wherein the cooling action is performed with an HVAC unit.

[0219] Example 125 The method of any one or more of examples 119-124, wherein the cooling action is performed with sublimation.

[0220] Example 126 The method of any one or more of examples 119-125, wherein the cooling action is performed with a fan.

[0221] Example 127 A method of uniformly heating a container, the method comprising: (a) sensing a first temperature at a first location inside the container with a first sensor; (b) sensing a second temperature at a second location inside the container with a second sensor; (c) determining that the first temperature is lower than the second temperature; and (d) heating the first location at a greater intensity than the second location.

[0222] Example 128 The method of example 127, the heating action further comprising: (a) directing a first volume of air to the first location; and (b) directing a second volume of air to the second location, wherein the first volume of air is greater than the second volume of air.

[0223] III. Miscellaneous It should be understood that any one or more of the teachings, expressions, versions, examples, etc. described herein can be combined with any one or more of the other teachings, expressions, versions, examples, etc. described herein. The above-described teachings, expressions, versions, examples, etc. should therefore not be viewed in isolation. Various suitable methods, features, components, and / or steps described herein can be combined and / or arranged in other ways, and such modifications and variations should be considered within the scope of the claims when interpreted in accordance with the teachings and disclosures provided herein. Other objects and many of the intended advantages of various aspects of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following specification and / or upon learning by practice of the present disclosure.

[0224] It is to be understood that any patent, publication, or other disclosure material, in whole or in part, that is said to be incorporated by reference herein is incorporated herein only to the extent that the incorporated material is not conflicting with that expressly set forth in the present disclosure. In the event that a definition or use of a term in the present disclosure contradicts or conflicts with the definition of that term in the incorporated disclosure material, the disclaimer, which states that any contradictory terminology included in the incorporated material is only meant as used in that material, applies, and the present definition is supposed to be applied.

[0225] Having shown and described various versions of the present application, further modifications and adaptations of the methods and systems described can occur to those skilled in the art. Several of the possible modifications have already been mentioned, such as the adaptation of the examples, versions, geometries, materials, dimensions, ratios, steps, etc. described above. Such and other modifications within the scope of the application can be undertaken without departing from the basic scope of the application as defined in the following claims. Accordingly, the scope of the application is intended to be limited only to the extent of the following claims.

Claims

1. A container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) configured to contain temperature-sensitive goods (112, 112a, 112b, 712), the container comprising: (a) A plurality of walls (144, 146, 148, 150, 152, 154, 444, 446, 448, 450, 452, 454, 644, 646, 648, 650, 652, 654, 744, 746, 748, 750, 752, 754) defining the interior of the container (114, 414, 514, 614, 714), wherein the interior is configured to receive the temperature-sensitive goods; (b) A first temperature sensor (S1), the first temperature sensor being located at a first position within the interior; (c) A second temperature sensor (S2), the second temperature sensor being positioned at a second location within the interior, wherein the second location is separated from the first location by a certain distance; and (d) A temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) configured to supply air to the interior, wherein the temperature control system communicates with the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, wherein the temperature control system includes a first fan and a second fan (F1, F2, R3, R4), and the temperature control system is configured to: (i) Receive a first temperature value from the first temperature sensor (S1) located at the first position within the interior. (ii) Receive a second temperature value from the second temperature sensor (S2) located at the second position within the interior. (iii) Determine whether at least one of the first temperature value or the second temperature value is outside a predetermined temperature range, and (iv) In response to determining that the first temperature value is outside the predetermined temperature range: (A) Using at least the first fan, the air of the first volume (V1) is directed to the first position inside the interior, and (B) Using the second fan, the air of the second volume (V2) is directed to the second position inside the container to change the airflow around the temperature-sensitive cargo, wherein the first volume is larger than the second volume, such that the temperature change at the first position is greater than the temperature change at the second position.

2. The container (110, 410, 510) according to claim 1, wherein, The temperature control system (116, 516) further includes a heater (190, 590) configured to supply the air as heated air, wherein the temperature control system is configured to respond to determining that the first temperature value is less than the predetermined temperature range: (A) Using at least the first fan, the heated air of the first volume (V1) is directed to the first position within the interior; and (B) Using the second fan, the heated air of the second volume (V2) is directed to the second position inside the container, wherein the first volume of the heated air is larger than the second volume of the heated air, such that the temperature rise at the first position is greater than the temperature rise at the second position.

3. The container (110, 410, 510) according to claim 1, wherein, The temperature control system (116, 516) further includes a cooling system (174, 574) configured to provide the air as cooling air, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516) is configured to respond to determining that the first temperature value is below the predetermined temperature range: (A) The cooling air of the first volume (V1) is directed to the first position within the interior using at least the first fan (F1); and (B) Using the second fan (F2), the cooling air of the second volume (V2) is directed to the second position inside the container, wherein the first volume of the cooling air is larger than the second volume of the cooling air, such that the temperature drop at the first position is greater than the temperature drop at the second position.

4. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to use a series of on and off pulses to guide the first fan (F1) to provide the first volume (V1).

5. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 4, wherein, The temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to use a series of on and off pulses to guide the second fan (F2, R4) to provide the second volume (V2).

6. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 5, further comprising: (a) A third fan (F3, R5), which operates in parallel with the first fan (F1, R3) to guide the first volume (V1), and (b) A fourth fan (F4, R6) that operates in parallel with the second fan (F2, R4) to guide the second volume (V2).

7. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 6, wherein, The temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to increase the speed setpoint of the first fan (F1, R3) in response to determining that the first temperature value is outside the predetermined temperature range.

8. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 7, wherein, The temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to reduce the speed setpoint of the second fan (F2, R4) in response to determining that the first temperature value is outside the predetermined temperature range.

9. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 8, wherein, In response to determining that the first temperature value is outside the predetermined temperature range, the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to automatically adjust the flow rate of the first fan (F1, R3) relative to the second fan (F2, R4).

10. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 9, wherein, The temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured as follows: (A) Using the first fan (F1, R3) at a first flow rate, the first volume (V1) is guided to the first position inside the interior, and (B) The second volume (V2) is guided to the second position inside the container at a second flow rate using the second fan (F2, R4), wherein the first flow rate is greater than the second flow rate, such that the temperature change at the first position is greater than the temperature change at the second position.

11. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 10, wherein the temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to: (A) Using the first fan (F1, R3), the first volume is guided to the first position inside the interior within a first time period, and (B) Using the second fan (F2, R4), the second volume is guided to the second position inside the container during a second time period, wherein, The first time period is longer than the second time period, which makes the temperature change at the first location greater than the temperature change at the second location.

12. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 11, further comprising a third temperature sensor (S3) located at a third position within the interior, wherein, The third position is separate from both the first and second positions. The temperature control system further includes a third fan (F3, R5), and is configured to: (i) Receive a third temperature value from the third temperature sensor at the third location within the interior. (ii) Determine whether at least one of the first temperature value, the second temperature value, or the third temperature value is outside the predetermined temperature range. (iii) In response to determining that the first temperature value and the third temperature value are outside the predetermined temperature range: (A) The first volume (V1) is guided to the first position inside the interior using at least the first fan. (B) Using the second fan, the second volume (V2) is guided to the second position inside the container, and (C) Using at least the third fan (F3), a third volume (V3a) is guided to the third position in the interior, wherein the first volume is larger than the third volume, the third volume is larger than the second volume, such that the temperature change at the first position is greater than the temperature change at the third position, and the temperature change at the third position is greater than the temperature change at the second position.

13. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 11, further comprising a third temperature sensor (S3) located at a third position within the interior, wherein, The third position is separate from both the first and second positions. The temperature control system further includes a third fan (F3, R5), and is configured to: (i) Receive a third temperature value from the third temperature sensor at the third location within the interior. (ii) Determine whether at least one of the first temperature value, the second temperature value, or the third temperature value is outside the predetermined temperature range. (iii) In response to determining that the first temperature value is outside the predetermined temperature range: (A) The first volume (V1) is guided to the first position within the interior using at least the first fan and the third fan (F1, F3, R3, R5), and (B) The second volume (V2) is guided to the second position inside the container using the second fan (F2, R4).

14. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 11, further comprising a third temperature sensor (S3) located at a third position within the interior, wherein, The third position is separate from both the first and second positions, wherein the temperature control system further includes a third fan, and the temperature control system (116) is further configured to: (i) Receive a third temperature value from the third temperature sensor (S3) at the third location inside the interior. (ii) Determine whether at least one of the first temperature value, the second temperature value, or the third temperature value is outside the predetermined temperature range. (iii) In response to determining that the first temperature value is outside the predetermined temperature range: (A) The first volume (V1) is guided to the first position inside the interior using at least the first fan (F1, R3), while the third fan (F3, R5) is turned off, and (B) Using the second fan (F2), the second volume (V2) is guided to the second position inside the container.

15. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 14, wherein, The temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to provide air equally to the first position and the second position before guiding the first volume (V1) to the first position and the second volume (V2) to the second position.

16. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 11, wherein, The temperature control system (116) is configured to guide the air of a third volume to the first position and the air of a fourth volume (V4) to the second position before guiding the first volume (V1) to the first position and the second volume (V2) to the second position, wherein the fourth volume (V4) is larger than the third volume (V3).

17. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 16, wherein, The temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to determine whether at least one of the first temperature value or the second temperature value is outside a predetermined temperature range in response to guiding the first volume (V1) to the first position and guiding the second volume (V2) to the second position.

18. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 17, wherein, The temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to maintain the interior in a temperature range of about -20°C to about 25°C.

19. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 18, wherein the temperature control system (116) further comprises an HVAC condenser-evaporator system (118) comprising a refrigerant (188).

20. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to claim 19, wherein, The temperature control system (116) includes fans (R1, R2) configured to operate independently of the HVAC condenser-evaporator system (118).

21. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 20, wherein the temperature control system (116) further comprises: (i) an evaporator (176), the evaporator comprising a plurality of evaporator coils (180), and (ii) A condenser (178), the condenser comprising: (A) Multiple condenser coils (182), and (B) Condenser fan (184).

22. The container (110, 410) according to claim 21, wherein, The condenser coil (182) and condenser fan (184) are separated from the evaporator coil (180) by an insulating wall (186).

23. The container (510) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 22, wherein the temperature control system (516) further comprises: (i) a receiving container (578) configured to receive sublimation material (580), and (ii) A sublimation heat exchanger (576) configured to supply cooling air to the interior (514).

24. The container (110, 410, 510, 610) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 23, wherein, At least one of the walls (144, 146, 148, 150) includes a vacuum insulation panel (166).

25. The container (110, 410, 510, 610) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 23, wherein the plurality of walls further comprises: (i) First end wall (144, 644). (ii) A second end wall (146, 646), positioned relative to the first end wall, wherein the second end wall includes at least one door (156, 656) configured to load and unload the temperature-sensitive goods. (iii) A first sidewall (148, 648), the first sidewall being positioned between the first endwall and the second endwall, and (iv) A second sidewall (150, 650) is located between the first endwall and the second endwall and is opposite to the first sidewall.

26. The container (110, 410, 510, 610) according to claim 25, wherein, The first end wall (144, 644), the second end wall (146, 646), the first side wall (148, 648) and the second side wall (150, 650) each include at least one vacuum insulation panel (166).

27. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 25 to 26, wherein, At least one of the first end wall (744), the second end wall (746), the first side wall (748), or the second side wall (750) includes a removable container (584, 756) for containing phase change material.

28. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 25 to 27, further comprising a recirculation fan (R1) positioned adjacent to the door.

29. The container (110, 410, 510, 610) according to any one or more of claims 25 to 28, wherein, The first fan and the second fan (F1, F2, R3, R4) are positioned adjacent to the first end wall (144) and away from the at least one door.

30. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 25 to 29, wherein, The first temperature sensor is positioned on a first portion of the first end wall (144), wherein the second temperature sensor is positioned on a second portion of the first end wall (144).

31. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 25 to 29, wherein, The first temperature sensor is located near the first sidewall (148), and the second temperature sensor is located near the second sidewall (150).

32. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 25 to 29, wherein, The first temperature sensor is located on the first sidewall (148), and the second temperature sensor is located on the second sidewall (150).

33. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 25 to 29, wherein, The first temperature sensor is positioned on a first part of the temperature-sensitive goods (112, 112a, 112b), and the second temperature sensor is positioned on a second part of the temperature-sensitive goods (112, 112a, 112b).

34. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 25 to 29, wherein, The first temperature sensor is positioned adjacent to the first sidewall (148), wherein the second temperature sensor is positioned on the first part of the temperature-sensitive goods (112, 112a, 112b).

35. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 25 to 29, wherein, The first temperature sensor is positioned on a first portion of the temperature-sensitive cargo (112, 112a, 112b), wherein the second temperature sensor is positioned adjacent to the first sidewall.

36. The container (110, 410, 510) according to any one or more of claims 25 to 35, wherein the plurality of walls further comprises: (i) Top wall (152, 452), and (ii) A bottom wall (154, 454) positioned relative to the top wall, wherein the bottom wall is spaced apart from the bottom plate (162, 462), wherein the bottom wall and the bottom plate together define a return air flow channel (168, 468) configured to deliver return air to the temperature control system (116).

37. The container (110, 410) according to claim 36, wherein, The top walls (152, 452, 752) do not include air chambers for delivering the air to the first and second positions.

38. The container (110) according to claims 36 to 37 further includes a fan (FF) at least partially positioned within the return air flow channel (168) to introduce return air into the return air flow channel.

39. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to claims 36 to 38 further includes a fan (R2) at least partially positioned within the return air flow channel to provide localized airflow back to the interior.

40. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 36 to 39 further includes a vent (170, 470) located in the base plate (162, 462) and communicating with the return air flow channel.

41. The container (110, 410, 510) according to any one or more of claims 36 to 40 further includes a moisture-absorbing material, said moisture-absorbing material being at least partially located within the return air flow channel (168, 468).

42. The container (110) according to claim 41, wherein, The moisture-absorbing material is contained within a moisture-absorbing device (202), which can be removed from the container (110) using a passage door (208).

43. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 42, wherein, The first fan (F1, R3) is an axial fan (230), a torsional fan (228), or a tubular fan (232).

44. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 43, wherein, The second fan (F2, R4) is an axial fan (230), a torsion fan (228), or a tubular fan (232).

45. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 43 to 44, wherein, The tubular fan (232) includes a first axis (A1) and a second axis (A2) perpendicular to the first axis, wherein the tubular fan (232) extends vertically along the first axis.

46. ​​The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 45, wherein, The second fan (F2, R4) can be selectively adjusted to direct at least a portion of the first volume to the first position.

47. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 46, wherein, The temperature control system is configured to change the flow rate of the first fan (F1, R3) relative to the second fan (F2, R4).

48. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 47, wherein, The temperature control system includes a louver (224) movable between at least a first position and a second position, wherein the louver is configured to affect the air in the first and second volumes (V1, V2) at the first and second positions.

49. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 48, wherein the plurality of walls further comprises: (i) the first sidewall (148), and (ii) A second sidewall (150) positioned relative to the first sidewall, wherein the louver (224) in the first position is configured such that the volume directed to the first sidewall (148) is greater than the volume directed to the second sidewall (150).

50. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 49, wherein, The temperature control system further includes a controller (136) configured to provide group control of the first fan and the second fan.

51. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 50, wherein, The second fan is positioned vertically above the first fan.

52. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 51, wherein, The second fan (F2, R4) is positioned horizontally adjacent to the first fan (F1, R3).

53. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 52, wherein, The interiors (114, 414, 514, 614, 714) are configured to receive goods on at least one pallet (158).

54. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 53, wherein, The container is a unit loading device with a fixed size.

55. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 54, wherein, The containers (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) are sized and configured to be suitable for placement inside the aircraft.

56. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 55, wherein, The temperature control system includes at least one of an evaporator coil (180) or a condenser coil (182), wherein at least one of the evaporator coil (180) or the condenser coil (182) includes microfins (183) to increase the surface area, thereby enhancing heat exchange.

57. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 56, wherein, The first fan and the second fan (F1, F2) are positioned in a fan shroud (142, 542), wherein the fan shroud includes at least one trapezoidal recess (214) to guide the first volume and the second volume (V1, V2).

58. The container (110, 410, 510) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 57, further comprising a fan shroud (142, 542), the fan shroud including a first arc-shaped diffuser (216), wherein, The first arc-shaped splitter is configured to help the first fan direct the air of the first volume to the first location in the interior (114, 414, 514).

59. The container (110, 410, 510) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 58, wherein, The fan shroud (142, 542) includes a second arc-shaped splitter (216), wherein the second arc-shaped splitter is configured to assist the second fan in directing the air of the second volume to the second location within the interior (114, 414, 514).

60. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 59 further includes a static pressure well (220) configured to enhance static airflow within the interior.

61. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 60 further includes a mechanism (204) for extracting moisture and a mechanism (206) for storing the removed moisture in the container.

62. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 61 further includes a moisture-absorbing device (202) configured to remove moisture from the air.

63. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 62 further includes a passage door (208) configured to allow the desiccant (202) to be removed from the container (110).

64. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 63 further includes at least one lead-acid battery, nickel-metal hydride battery or lithium battery (124, 688) configured to provide power to the temperature control system.

65. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 64, further comprising a controller (136) and sensors (132, 134).

66. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to claim 65, wherein, The sensors (132, 134) are global positioning sensors, accelerometers, light detectors, pressure sensors, or hygrometers.

67. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 66, wherein the temperature control system (116) further comprises a user interface (138) configured to display at least one of system status, operation, setpoint control, power display, and operation input.

68. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) as claimed in claim 67, wherein, The user interface (138) is configured to be wirelessly accessible.

69. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 68, wherein, The first fan (F1) is configured to provide a dynamic profile airflow to the first location inside the container.

70. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 69, wherein, The second fan (F2) is configured to provide a dynamic profile airflow within the interior of the container.

71. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 70, wherein, The temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) is configured to improve the performance and efficiency of the container.

72. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 70, wherein, The air moves from the high-pressure area to the low-pressure area.

73. A container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) configured to contain temperature-sensitive goods (112, 112a, 112b, 712), the container comprising: (a) A plurality of walls (144, 146, 148, 150, 152, 154, 444, 446, 448, 450, 452, 454, 644, 646, 648, 650, 652, 654, 744, 746, 748, 750, 752, 754) defining the interior (114, 414, 514, 614, 714), wherein the interior is configured to receive the temperature-sensitive goods; (b) A first temperature sensor (S1), the first temperature sensor being located at a first position within the interior; (c) A second temperature sensor (S2), the second temperature sensor being positioned at a second location within the interior, wherein the second location is separated from the first location by a certain distance; and (d) A temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) configured to provide conditioned air to the interior, wherein the temperature control system communicates with the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, wherein the temperature control system includes a first fan, and the temperature control system is configured to: (i) Receive a first temperature value from the first temperature sensor located at the first position within the interior. (ii) Receive a second temperature value from the second temperature sensor located at the second position within the interior. (iii) Determine whether at least one of the first temperature value or the second temperature value is outside a predetermined temperature range, and (iv) In response to determining that the first temperature value is outside the predetermined temperature range, a series of on and off pulses are used to guide the first fan to provide a first volume of conditioned air to the first location inside the interior.

74. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 73, wherein, The temperature control system (116, 516, 616, 716) also includes a second fan configured to provide a second volume of air to a first location inside the interior.

75. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 74, wherein, The first fan (R3A) is configured to provide air in a first configuration along a first direction (694) and in a second configuration along a second direction (696), wherein the second direction is opposite to the first direction.

76. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 75, wherein, The first fan (R3) is attached to the container (710) using at least one of adhesive, tape, hook and loop fastener or fastener.

77. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 76, wherein, The plurality of walls include a first end wall (744), a first side wall (748), and a bottom wall (754), wherein the bottom wall includes a groove (764) configured to receive at least one of the first end wall (744) or the first side wall (748).

78. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 77, wherein, The first fan (R3, R3a, R3b) is a tubular fan that receives the air at a first terminal (697) and exhausts the air at a second terminal (699), wherein the first terminal is opposite to the second terminal.

79. The container (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) according to any one or more of claims 1 to 78, wherein, The first fan (R3, R3a, R3b) guides the first volume (V1) along the first direction, wherein the second fan (R3, R3a, R3b) guides the second volume (V2) along a second direction opposite to the first direction.

80. A method for maintaining containers (110, 410, 510, 610, 710) within a predetermined temperature range, the method comprising: (a) Using a first temperature sensor (S1), a first temperature value is sensed at a first location inside the container (114, 414, 514, 614, 714); (b) Using a second temperature sensor (S2), a second temperature value is sensed at a second location inside the container; (c) Determine whether at least one of the first temperature value or the second temperature value is outside the predetermined temperature range; and (d) In response to determining that a first temperature value is outside the predetermined temperature range: (i) Using at least a first fan (F1, R3), a first volume of air is directed to the first position within the interior; and (ii) Using a second fan (F2, R4) to direct a second volume of the air to the second position inside the container to change the airflow around the temperature-sensitive goods (112, 112a, 112b, 712), wherein the first volume of the air is larger than the second volume of the air, such that the temperature change at the first position is greater than the temperature change at the second position.

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