Header and harvester

Abstract

The invention provides a header which comprises a header frame, an auger, a cutting knife and a profiling assembly, the profiling assembly is fixed to the bottom of the header frame, fluctuates close to the ground and adapts to field height changes, a profiling unit is arranged in the width direction of the header, and the profiling unit comprises a sliding plate with the front end fixed to a knife beam. The sliding plate comprises an arc-shaped part attached to the ground and a straight part used for being connected with the cutter beam, the swing arm is arranged at the bottom of the header in the front-back direction of the header, the first spring plate is arranged above the sliding plate, the second spring plate is arranged below the first spring plate, and the first spring plate and the second spring plate are arranged above the swing arm. The first spring plate and the second spring plate form a clamping cavity, and the front end of the header bottom plate is movably embedded into the clamping cavity. According to the header and the harvester provided by the invention, the angle of the cutter attached to the ground can be modularly adjusted in the width direction of the header, the conditions that the header shovels soil and crops are not harvested are avoided, the service life of the header and the harvester can be prolonged, and the operation quality of the harvester is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, and in particular to a header and harvester. Background Technology

[0002] During crop harvesting, the header posture is typically adjusted to adapt to changes in terrain, avoiding contact with soil mounds, stones, etc., which could damage header components and affect crop harvesting quality. Current technology conventionally adjusts the header by controlling the harvester's bridge elevation based on personal experience, thus changing the header's harvesting height. However, with the trend towards larger harvesters and complex field environments, relying solely on the driver to adjust the header posture is somewhat passive and lagging. Furthermore, the existing header's contour-following structure is too rigid and cannot adapt to the undulations of the field in real time, easily leading to inconsistent crop stubble cutting, affecting subsequent harvesting results and field cultivation operations. Especially during soybean harvesting, the stubble height is generally controlled between four and six centimeters, aiming to remove all bottom pods and keeping the header height as low as possible. If the header's harvesting height is not adjusted in time, it can easily result in soil shoveling, incomplete cutting, and missed harvests, affecting harvesting quality, reducing soybean yield, and ultimately impacting farmers' economic benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a header and harvester that can adapt to the undulations of the field in real time and in a modular manner, adjust the angle of the header to the ground in a timely manner during the harvesting process, achieve dynamic contouring, effectively improve the working quality of the harvester, and avoid uneven stubble cutting.

[0004] According to one aspect of the present invention, a header is provided, comprising a header frame, an auger, a cutter blade, and a contouring assembly. A header base plate is disposed at the bottom of the header frame. The auger is fixed at both ends to the header frame for conveying material to the rear of the header. The cutter blade is disposed on the front side of the header base plate and includes a blade beam arranged along the width direction of the header, and a fixed blade and a movable blade mounted on the blade beam. The contouring assembly is fixed to the bottom of the header frame and undulates along the ground to adapt to changes in field height. The contouring assembly includes multiple contouring units arranged along the width direction of the header, each contouring unit comprising:

[0005] A sliding plate, the front end of which is fixed to the blade beam, the sliding plate including a ground-facing arc-shaped part and a straight part for connecting the blade beam;

[0006] A swing arm is provided at the bottom of the cutting table along the front-rear direction of the cutting table, and the front end of the swing arm is fixed to the slide plate by a fastener;

[0007] A first spring plate is placed above the slide plate, with one end of the first spring plate connected to the straight portion and the other end of the first spring plate connected to the bottom plate of the cutting table.

[0008] The second spring plate is disposed below the first spring plate. The second spring plate includes a fixing part fixed to the straight part, a first transition part extending and bending downward, a second transition part disposed at the end of the second spring plate, and a straight plate part fixedly attached to the first spring plate.

[0009] The first spring plate and the second spring plate are disposed above the swing arm. The second transition portion extends and bends upward. The first spring plate and the second transition portion form a clamping cavity. The front end of the cutting table base plate is movably embedded in the clamping cavity. When the height of the contouring unit changes, the first spring plate slides on the cutting table base plate.

[0010] The contouring unit can modularly adapt to the undulations of the terrain. The first spring plate and the second spring plate form a clamping cavity, and the bottom plate of the header is embedded in the clamping cavity. When the field is undulating, the first spring plate and the second spring plate can move around the clamped bottom plate of the header. At the same time, the swing arm adjusts accordingly by floating up and down, realizing the undulation changes of the contouring unit. The contouring unit set on the header always stays in a ground-hugging state, thereby avoiding soil shoveling and missed harvesting, and ensuring the operation quality of the harvester.

[0011] Preferably, a limiting member is also provided on one side of the swing arm. The limiting member includes a limiting block disposed on one side of the swing arm and a limiting piece that slides in cooperation with the limiting block. A limiting groove is provided on the limiting piece, and the limiting block slides in the limiting groove to limit the movement position of the swing arm.

[0012] The purpose of setting the limiting component is to limit the up-and-down swing angle of the contour unit during the ground-level harvesting process, so as to prevent the contour unit from changing too much angle, causing the first spring plate and the second spring plate to separate from the bottom plate of the header, thus affecting the harvesting progress.

[0013] Preferably, the fixing component includes a connecting plate disposed at the front end of the swing arm and a fixed bearing integrally disposed with the slide plate, wherein the fixed bearing and the connecting plate are rotatably connected via a fixed shaft.

[0014] Preferably, the limiting member further includes a locking pin, and a locking hole is provided above the limiting piece, with the locking pin passing through the locking hole.

[0015] The purpose of setting the locking pin is to adapt to different harvesting scenarios, such as wheat harvesting, where the angle of the contour unit does not need to change.

[0016] Preferably, a mounting base is provided at the rear end of the swing arm, and a torsion spring is provided inside the mounting base.

[0017] Torsion springs provide radial damping force to accommodate the swaying of the contouring unit in the lateral direction of the header, preventing header malfunctions caused by excessive angular changes in the contouring unit in the lateral direction of the header.

[0018] Preferably, a data acquisition device is also provided, which acquires the displacement signal of the contouring component. The data acquisition component includes a clamping plate disposed on the swing arm, a sensing shaft disposed along the width direction of the cutting table and moving synchronously with the clamping plate, a sensor disposed on the cutting table, and a sensing linkage group that is drivenly connected to the sensing shaft and transmits displacement motion to the sensor.

[0019] The purpose of setting up the data acquisition device is to monitor the angle changes of the header in real time and send the header tilt angle signal to the user in a timely manner, so that the user can monitor the condition of the harvested plot in real time and adjust the header angle in a timely manner.

[0020] Preferably, it further includes a fixing plate fixed to the bottom of the cutting table frame, and the fixing plates are respectively disposed on both sides of the swing arm. The limiting plate is fixed to the front end of the fixing plate by bolts, and the two sides of the torsion spring are connected to the mounting base and the rear end of the fixing plate by limiting shafts.

[0021] Preferably, a floating adjustment component is provided on one side of the torsion spring. The floating adjustment component includes a floating connecting rod passing through the limiting shaft and an adjusting screw rotatably connected to the floating connecting rod. The adjusting screw passes through a limiting seat fixed to the cutting table frame. A threaded sleeve is provided on the adjusting screw. By adjusting the height of the threaded sleeve on the adjusting screw, the ground contact distance of the cutting table is adjusted.

[0022] Preferably, the first spring plate includes a first limiting part, which is bent upward to form a stop bar and then bent downward to be fixed to the first transition part. A groove is provided at the front end of the first limiting part, and the first transition part is fitted into the groove.

[0023] Preferably, the cutting table frame includes a support beam disposed below the cutting table base plate, the support beam abutting against the second spring plate, and the end of the second transition portion is further provided with a first opening bent downwards. The first spring plate includes a second limiting portion disposed at the end, and the first opening portion and the second limiting portion form an opening for clamping the cutting table base plate.

[0024] Preferably, the sensing linkage assembly includes a first lead screw that rotates synchronously with the sensing shaft, a second lead screw that is drivenly connected to the first lead screw, and a tension spring. One end of the tension spring is connected to the first lead screw, and the other end is fixed to the cutting table frame. The other end of the second lead screw is connected to the sensor to transmit the change in the contouring device to the sensor.

[0025] Preferably, the front end of the swing arm is provided with a mounting cover to facilitate the installation and fixation of the slide plate to the swing arm.

[0026] Preferably, a liner is fitted onto the lower surface of the skateboard.

[0027] In another embodiment of the header provided by the present invention, the header includes a header frame, an auger, a cutter blade, and a contouring assembly. A header base plate is provided at the bottom of the header frame. The auger is fixed at both ends to the header frame for conveying material to the rear of the header. The cutter blade is located on the front side of the bottom of the header and includes a blade beam arranged along the width direction of the header, and fixed and movable blades mounted on the blade beam. The contouring assembly is fixed to the bottom of the header frame and undulates along the ground to adapt to changes in field height. The contouring assembly includes multiple contouring units arranged along the width direction of the header. Each contouring unit includes:

[0028] A sliding plate, the front end of which is fixed to the blade beam, the sliding plate including a ground-facing arc-shaped part and a straight part for connecting the blade beam;

[0029] A first spring plate is placed above the slide plate, with one end of the first spring plate connected to the straight portion and the other end of the first spring plate connected to the bottom plate of the cutting table.

[0030] The second spring plate is disposed below the first spring plate. The second spring plate includes a fixing part fixed to the straight part, a first transition part extending and bending downward, a second transition part disposed at the end of the second spring plate, and a straight plate part fixedly attached to the first spring plate.

[0031] The second transition portion extends and bends upward, and the first spring plate and the second transition portion form a clamping cavity. The front end of the cutting table base plate is movably embedded in the clamping cavity. When the height of the contouring unit changes, the first spring plate slides on the cutting table base plate.

[0032] In another embodiment, when the contouring unit is assembled on the cutter base plate, it can actively adapt to changes in terrain according to the elevation of the ground, avoid soil shoveling, and extend the service life of the cutter.

[0033] The implementation also provides a harvester including the header described in any of the above embodiments. Using this harvester, the working status of the header can be monitored in real time, improving the operation quality of the harvester and reducing crop harvesting losses. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a harvester provided by the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a cutting platform provided by the present invention.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a cutting platform structure provided by the present invention.

[0038] Figure 4 A bottom view of the cutting platform provided by the present invention.

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the right side structure of a cutting platform provided by the present invention.

[0040] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged schematic diagram of part A.

[0041] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a contour-following unit structure provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0042] Figure 8 This is a top view of a contour unit structure provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 9 for Figure 8 A cross-sectional view along the BB1 ​​direction.

[0044] Figure 10 Figure 9 Enlarged schematic diagram of part C.

[0045] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of a contour-following unit structure provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0046] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of a contour-following unit structure provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 3 .

[0047] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of a contour-following unit structure provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 4 .

[0048] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of a torsion spring structure provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 15 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a torsion spring along the DD1 direction provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of a contour unit structure provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the contouring unit stroke provided by the present invention.

[0052] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0053] 200-Harvester; 100-Heading platform; 200-Bridge; 1-Heading platform frame; 11-Heading platform base plate; 12-Fixing plate; 121-Fixing seat; 13-Support beam; 2-Auger; 3-Reel; 4-Cutter; 41-Cutter beam; 42-Fixed cutter; 43-Moving cutter; 5-Following assembly; 50-Following unit; 51-Slide plate; 51a-Arc-shaped section; 51b-Straight section; 511 - Liner plate; 52- Swing arm; 521- Fixing component; 5211- Connecting plate; 5212- Fixed bearing; 5213- Fixed shaft; 5214- Vulcanized rubber sleeve; 522- Limiting component; 5221- Limiting block; 5222- Limiting piece; 5222a- Limiting groove; 5222b- Locking hole; 5223- Locking pin; 523- Mounting base; 524- Mounting cover; 525- Mounting window; 53-First spring plate; 53a-Clamping cavity; 531-First limiting part; 53b-Stop bar; 532-Groove; 533-Second limiting part; 54-Second spring plate; 541-Fixing part; 542-First transition part; 543-Second transition part; 544-Straight plate part; 545-First opening part; 54a-Opening; 55-Torsion spring; 551-Torsion spring housing; 552-Inner bearing; 553-Vulcanized rubber layer; 56-Limiting shaft; 57-Floating adjustment component; 571-Floating connecting rod; 572-Adjusting screw; 573-Threaded sleeve; 574-Limiting seat; 6-Collection device; 61-Clamping piece; 62-Sensing shaft; 63-Sensor; 64-Sensing connecting rod assembly; 641-First screw; 642-Second screw; 643-Tension spring. Detailed Implementation

[0054] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0055] To keep the drawings concise, only the parts relevant to the invention are shown schematically in each figure, and they do not represent the actual structure of the product. Furthermore, for ease of understanding, in some figures, only one of components with the same structure or function is shown schematically, or only one is labeled. In this document, "one" can mean not only "only one" but also "more than one".

[0056] It should also be further understood that the term “and / or” as used in this application specification and the appended claims means any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0057] In this document, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0058] Furthermore, in the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0059] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the specific implementation methods of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings and other implementation methods can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0060] See Figures 1 to 6In one embodiment of the present invention, the header mainly includes a header frame 1, an auger 2, a cutter 4, and a contouring component 5. A header base plate 11 is provided at the bottom of the header frame 1. Normally, the header base plate 11 is a single unit. In this embodiment, the cutter 4 is located on the front side of the header base, in front of the header base plate 11, and is used to cut crop stalks. The cutter 4 includes a blade beam 41 fixed to the header frame 1 along the width direction of the header, a fixed blade 42 mounted on the blade beam 41, and a movable blade 43 that reciprocates laterally along the width direction of the header. The movable blade 43 cooperates with the fixed blade 42 to cut the crop stalks. The auger 2 is fixed to the header frame 1 at both ends along the width direction of the header and is located behind the cutter 4. After the cutter 4 cuts the crop stalks, the auger 2 pushes the harvested crop material backwards from the header. The contouring component 5 is located at the bottom of the header frame 1 and includes multiple contouring units 50 arranged along the width of the header. The contouring component 5 is typically positioned behind the cutter 4 and connected to it. In one specific embodiment, the fixed blade 42 is fixed to the blade beam 41 and the contouring component 5. The blade beam 41 is made of flat steel, which is highly flexible. The height of the contouring component 5 can be adjusted to change the cutting angle of the cutter 4. During operation, the modularly arranged contouring units 50 can adapt to ground undulations. By changing their angle to the ground, the position of the cutter 4 cutting the straw can be locally adjusted, preventing the cutter 4 from embedding itself in the soil or the contouring component 5 from scooping up soil. In this embodiment, see [reference needed]. Figures 7-12The contouring unit 50 is equipped with a sliding plate 51. When harvesting crops, the sliding plate 51 is positioned close to the ground, and its front end is fixed to the blade beam 41. The sliding plate 51 includes a ground-facing arc-shaped portion 51a and a straight portion 51b connecting to the blade beam 41. Therefore, when the position of the sliding plate 51 changes, the cutting angle of the cutter 4 also changes. A swing arm 52 is provided in the front-rear direction of the header. The swing arm 52 is located at the bottom of the header, and its front end is connected to the sliding plate 51 by a fixing member 521. The sliding plate 51 and the swing arm 52 are movable. When facing terrain with large undulations, this prevents the rigidity between the sliding plate 51 and the swing arm 52 from being too strong, which could cause the swing arm 52 to break. At the same time, the swing arm 52 provides support for the sliding plate 51. The first spring plate 53 and the second spring plate 54 are positioned above the swing arm 52, with the second spring plate 54 positioned between the first spring plate 53 and the second spring plate 54. One end of the first spring plate 53 is connected to the straight portion 51b, and the other end is connected to the cutter base plate 11. The second spring plate 54 includes a fixing portion 541 fixed to the straight portion 51b, a first transition portion 542 extending and bending downwards, a second transition portion 543 disposed at the rear end of the spring plate, and a straight plate portion 544 fitted to the first spring plate 53. The straight plate portion 544 is riveted to the first spring plate 53, and the first transition portion 542 is fixedly connected to the front end of the first spring plate 53. The part 543 bends upward and forms a clamping cavity 53a between itself and the first spring plate 53. The bottom plate 11 of the cutting table is embedded in the clamping cavity 53a. When the ground working height of the contouring unit 50 changes, the sliding plate 51 senses the terrain undulations during ground working. The first spring plate 53 slides on the bottom plate 11 of the cutting table to adapt to the changes in the ground. The second spring plate 54 abuts against the bottom plate 11 of the cutting table to prevent it from falling off. A support beam 13 is provided under the bottom plate 11 of the cutting table. The support beam 13 is arranged along the width direction of the cutting table and is used to abut against the second transition part 543 of the second spring plate 54 to prevent the second spring plate 54 from moving and causing the contouring unit 50 to fall off the bottom plate 11 of the cutting table. There is a connecting support position between the first spring plate 53 and the header base plate 11. When the contouring unit 50 is lifted upward, the slide plate 51 tilts upward, and the upper connecting support position between the first spring plate 53 and the header base plate 11 moves backward, so that the header base plate 11 enters the clamping cavity 53a more deeply. In this embodiment, the contouring assembly 5 is set as a combination of contouring units 50. The first spring plate 53 and the second spring plate 54 move around the clamped header base plate 11. The swing arm 52 uses its end as a pivot to adaptively float up and down, so as to realize the undulation of the contouring unit 50 during operation, adapt to the terrain changes of the harvested plot, and drive the cutter 4 to change the angle of cutting crop straw. The contouring unit 50 set on the header always stays in a ground-hugging state, which can avoid shoveling soil and missed harvesting, ensure the operation quality of the harvester, and improve the harvest benefits for farmers.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 7 , Figure 12 As shown, a fixing plate 12 is also provided at the bottom of the cutting table frame 1. The fixing plate 12 is located below the cutting table base plate 11. The fixing plate 12 is provided on both sides of the swing arm 52. The front end of the fixing plate 12 is connected to the support beam 13 for abutting against the second spring plate 54. A limiting member 522 is also provided on one side of the swing arm 52. The limiting member 522 includes a limiting block 5221 provided on the swing arm 52 and a limiting piece 5222 that cooperates with the limiting block 5221 to define the limit. The swing arm 52 is integrally formed with the main body of the swing arm 52. A limiting plate 5222 is disposed between the fixing plate 12 and the swing arm 52. The swing arm 52, the limiting plate 5222, and the fixing plate 12 are fixed by bolts. The bolts are located at one end of the limiting plate 5222, allowing the limiting plate 5222 to move around the bolt as its axis. A limiting groove 5222a is provided on the limiting plate 5222, and a limiting block 5221 can slide within the limiting groove 5222a to restrict the movement of the contouring component 5. For details, see [link to details]. Figure 17 In this implementation, the contouring unit 50's contouring height is not unlimited when it is in contact with the ground. Typically, the maximum contouring change threshold for the contouring unit 50 is set to 8 degrees, meaning the adjustment angle between the lowest and highest contouring heights is 8 degrees. The contouring unit 50 is usually positioned at the midpoint between the lowest and highest contouring heights. When the contouring angle change of the contouring unit 50 exceeds 4 degrees above or below the midpoint, it can easily cause the first spring plate 53 and the second spring plate 54 to separate from the header base plate 11, affecting the harvesting progress. Simultaneously, since the header needs to adaptively adjust its operating angle and height after the contouring unit 50 responds to field undulations, a large change in the contouring unit 50's angle will result in a large change in the overall tilt angle required for adjustment of the header. When the header repeatedly changes its tilt angle or operating height, its significant weight can easily affect the service life of some of its components. Furthermore, to adapt to the harvesting of different crops, such as wheat, which requires a higher cutter height and does not require timely adjustment of the cutter angle based on field conditions, the swing arm 52 is also equipped with a locking pin 5223. A locking hole 5222b is also provided above the limiting plate 5222, with the locking hole 5222b located in the middle position of the limiting plate 5222. The locking pin 5223 passes through the locking hole 5222b. At the same time, a closed pin is provided on the other side of the swing arm 52 to fix the other side of the locking pin 5223, thereby limiting the contouring unit 50 from actively adjusting the tilt angle or raising the height.

[0062] Furthermore, see Figure 7 , Figure 12 , Figure 13 , Figure 15A mounting base 523 is provided at the rear end of the swing arm 52. A torsion spring 55 is provided inside the mounting base 523. The opening 54a of the mounting base 523 is positioned directly opposite the torsion spring 55. The torsion spring 55 is placed in the mounting base 523 and fixed by a pin. The fixing plates 12, which are located on both sides of the swing arm 52, extend to both sides of the mounting base 523. The limiting shaft 56 passes through the fixing plate 12, the mounting base 523, and the torsion spring 55 and is fixed by a pin. The torsion spring 55 includes a torsion spring housing 551 and an inner bearing 552. A vulcanized rubber layer 553 is filled between the torsion spring housing 551 and the inner bearing 552. The torsion spring 55 provides radial buffering and support force for the header, adjusting the ground pressure of the header and preventing excessive swinging or lifting of the contouring unit 50 during the active contouring process of adapting to the field, which could cause connection failure between the swing arm 52 and the header. It has a buffering and shock absorption function, especially during harvesting, when driving through low-lying areas, it can easily prevent the header from suddenly sinking and causing damage to components. It should be noted that the inner bearing 552 of the torsion spring 55 has a square shaft inner diameter. In this embodiment, a hexagonal shaft is selected, that is, the limiting shaft 56 is a hexagonal shaft. The purpose of selecting a hexagonal shaft is to withstand a larger torque load, thereby improving the reliability of the header. A floating adjustment component 57 is provided on one side of the torsion spring 55. The floating adjustment component 57 is connected to the cutter frame 1 and is used to provide support force to the cutter body. The floating adjustment component 57 includes a floating connecting rod 571 that passes through the limiting shaft 56 and an adjusting screw 572 that is rotatably connected to the floating connecting rod 571. The adjusting screw 572 passes through the limiting seat 574 that is fixed to the cutter frame 1. A threaded sleeve 573 is provided on the adjusting screw 572. Adjusting the threaded sleeve 573 on the adjusting screw 572, that is, adjusting the distance between the threaded sleeve 573 and the limiting seat 574, can adjust the ground contact distance of the cutter.

[0063] Furthermore, the fixing member 521 connects the swing arm 52 and the slide plate 51. The swing arm 52 and the slide plate 51 are movable, thereby reducing the rigidity between the slide plate 51 and the swing arm 52, ensuring the reliability of the cutter 4 in cutting straw when the contouring unit 50 is in motion. The fixing member 521 is located between the slide plate 51 and the swing arm 52. The fixing member 521 includes a connecting plate 5211 located at the front end of the swing arm 52 and a fixed bearing 5212 integrally formed with the slide plate 51. The fixed bearing 5212 and the connecting plate 5211 are rotatably connected via a fixed shaft. A vulcanized rubber sleeve 5214 is also filled and fitted between the fixed bearing 5212 and the fixed shaft 5213, allowing the slide plate 51 to swing left and right around the axis of the swing arm 52, keeping it in contact with the ground, thereby reducing wear between the fixed shaft 5213 and the fixed bearing 5212 and improving the service life of the slide plate 51. This connection method between the slide plate 51 and the swing arm 52 avoids excessive rigidity of the swing arm 52 during the contouring unit 50's undulating motion on the ground, which could cause cutter table malfunctions. The front end of the swing arm 52 is provided with a mounting cover 524, and a mounting window 525 is simultaneously opened on the swing arm 52. The mounting window 525 facilitates the installation and connection of the skateboard 51 and the swing arm 52, reducing the time for assembly and replacement between the skateboard 51 and the swing arm 52.

[0064] See Figure 10 , Figure 11 , Figure 16 The first spring plate 53 is provided with a first limiting part 531. The first limiting part 531 is bent upward to form a baffle 53b and then bent downward to be fixed with the first transition part 542. The front end of the first limiting part 531 is provided with a groove 532. The first transition part 542 is fitted into the groove 532 to achieve a tight connection between the first spring plate 53 and the second spring plate 54. It also forms a shield on the rear side of the cutter 4 to prevent the crop stalks from entering below the cutter base plate 11 after the cutter 4 cuts the crop, resulting in missed harvesting. At the same time, the baffle 53b formed by bending the first limiting part 531 upward can play a role in restricting the grains from slipping off. Behind the second transition portion 543 at the end of the second spring plate 54, there is a first opening portion 545 that bends downward. The first spring plate 53 is provided with a second limiting portion 533, which is located above the cutter base plate 11 and contacts the cutter base plate 11. The first opening portion 545 and the second limiting portion 533 form an opening 54a for clamping the cutter base plate 11.

[0065] The lower surface of the slide plate 51 is also provided with a liner 511. The liner 511 is made of polyethylene. The liner 511 is attached to the bottom of the slide plate 51 and contacts the ground. Its function is to prevent the arc-shaped part 51a of the cutting table slide plate 51 from being worn and affecting the contouring effect of the contouring unit 50.

[0066] In a preferred embodiment, the cutting platform is also equipped with a data acquisition device 6, see [link to documentation]. Figure 6 , Figure 7The acquisition device 6 collects the displacement signal of the contouring component 5 during the harvesting process to adjust the position of the header. Specifically, the acquisition component includes a clamp 61 mounted on the swing arm 52, which is positioned on the surface of the swing arm 52 corresponding to the header base plate 11. A sensing shaft 62, which moves synchronously with the clamp 61, is mounted along the width direction of the header. The sensing shaft 62 is connected to the fixed plate 12 and moves within a fixed seat 121 mounted on the fixed plate 12. When the height of the contouring unit 50 changes, the height of the swing arm 52 adjusts accordingly, the position of the clamp 61 changes accordingly, and the sensing shaft 62 rotates synchronously. The sensing linkage group 64, which is connected to the sensing shaft 62, transmits the change information of the sensing shaft 62 to the sensor 63, which can collect the displacement of the swing arm 52. Through this configuration, the change information of the header angle can be collected in a timely manner, and the change in the header tilt angle can be promptly fed back to the user. This allows the user to monitor the condition of the harvested plot in real time, adjust the harvesting action of the header in a timely manner, and achieve efficient harvesting. In this embodiment, the sensor 63 is preferably an angle sensor 63. The angle sensor 63 senses and receives the adjustment angle difference of the swing arm 52 through the sensing linkage group 64. The sensing linkage group 64 includes a first lead screw 641 that is connected to the sensing shaft 62. A tension spring 643 is provided on the first lead screw 641. One end of the first lead screw 641 is sleeved on the sensing shaft 62 and rotates synchronously with the sensing shaft 62. At the same time, one end of the tension spring 643 is connected to the cutting table frame 1, and the other end is connected to the first lead screw 641. Due to the elastic effect of the tension spring 643, the relative positions of the sensing shaft 62 and the first lead screw 641 remain unchanged when the contouring unit 50 is not in motion. One end of the second lead screw 642 is connected to the first lead screw 641, and the other end is connected to the angle sensor 63, feeding back the angle change to the angle sensor 63. In a specific implementation, when the height of the contouring unit 50 changes, the position of the swing arm 52 changes. Since the clamping plate 61 is always in contact with the swing arm 52, the position of the clamping plate 61 changes, causing the sensing shaft 62 to rotate. When the sensing shaft 62 rotates, the angle of the first lead screw 641 changes, and the position of the second lead screw 642 changes synchronously, and this change information is reflected to the angle sensor 63. The angle change of the contouring unit 50 is between 0 degrees and 8 degrees. Through the sensing linkage group 64, the angle change can be amplified to between 0 degrees and 56 degrees. Therefore, the angle change feedback result of the contouring unit 50 is more accurate, and the monitoring of the angle change of the header during the harvesting process is more reliable.

[0067] In another implementation, see Figure 16The header includes a header frame, an auger 2, a cutter 4, and a contouring assembly 5. A header base plate 11 is installed at the bottom of the header frame 1. The auger 2 is fixed at both ends to the header frame 1 and feeds material to the rear of the header for processing at the rear end of the harvester. The cutter 4 is located on the front side of the bottom of the header and is used to cut crop stalks. The cutter 4 includes a blade beam 41, a fixed blade 42, and a moving blade 43 arranged along the width direction. The fixed blade 42 and the moving blade 43 are mounted on the blade beam 41. The contouring assembly 5 is located at the bottom of the header frame 1 and includes multiple contouring units 50 arranged along the width direction of the header. During harvesting, the contouring units 50 adapt to the undulations of the ground, and the cutter 4 can adjust its height according to the contouring unit 50 to change the cutting height of the stalks. In this embodiment, the contouring unit 50 includes a ground-contacting unit. The device includes a sliding plate 51, a first spring plate 53 and a second spring plate 54 located above the sliding plate 51. The front end of the sliding plate 51 is fixed to the blade beam 41. The sliding plate 51 includes an arc-shaped part 51a that touches the ground and a straight part 51b that connects to the blade beam 41. One end of the first spring plate 53 is connected to the straight part 51b and the other end is connected to the bottom plate of the cutting table. The second spring plate 54 is located below the first spring plate 53, and the bottom plate 11 of the cutting table is located between the first spring plate 53 and the second spring plate 54. The second spring plate 54 includes a fixing part 541 fixed to the straight part 51b, a first transition part 542 that extends and bends downward, a second transition part 543 located at the end of the second spring plate 54, and a straight plate part 544 that is fixedly attached to the first spring plate 53. The straight plate part 544 is connected to the first spring plate 53 by rivets. The second transition portion 543 of the second spring plate 54 bends upward, and the first spring plate 53 and the second transition portion 543 form a clamping cavity 53a. The cutter base plate 11 is embedded in the second clamping cavity 53a. When the height of the contour unit 50 changes, the first spring plate 53 slides on the cutter base plate 11. The cutter base plate 11 is embedded in the clamping cavity 53a at different depths, thereby changing the angle between the slide plate 51 and the ground. Correspondingly, the position of the cutter 4 cutting the straw is also adjusted, and the height of the stubble left after the cutter 4 cuts the straw is relatively consistent. It should be noted that the structural arrangement of the first spring plate 53 and the second spring plate 54 and the connection method with the cutter base plate 11 are the same as those in the first embodiment provided by the present invention, and will not be described in detail in the specification.

[0068] The embodiment also provides a harvester for grain harvesting. This harvester includes a header, a bridge located behind the header, and a harvester body connected to the bridge. After the cutter 4 cuts the crop stalks, the crop is conveyed to the bridge behind the header via a reel 3 and an auger 2, and then transported to the harvester body for processing. In the harvester provided in this embodiment, the header includes any combination of contouring components 5 or contouring units 50 provided in the above embodiments. The contouring units 50 are arranged sequentially along the width of the header and can be modularly height-adjusted according to terrain changes. When harvesting complex plots, it can maintain a consistent stubble height. Especially when harvesting crops with pods such as soybeans, it can ensure that the cutter 4 maintains a consistent angle of inclination relative to the plot, adapting to changes in complex terrain, avoiding missed pods, avoiding soil shoveling, and extending the harvester's service life. Because the first spring plate 53 and the second spring plate 54 are connected to the header base plate 11 with a specific structure, the spillage of mature grains during the early stages of crop harvesting is further avoided, reducing losses during the harvesting process and improving the working quality of the harvester. In this embodiment, since the contouring unit 50 is also equipped with a data acquisition device 6 to collect the displacement change information of the contouring unit 50, the user can monitor the changes in the header angle in real time and combine the changes in the header angle with the bridge crossing status to achieve linkage adjustment, thereby improving the intelligence level of the harvester.

[0069] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the exemplary embodiments described above without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, it is intended that this invention cover modifications and variations falling within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A header characterized by, The utility model relates to a cutting platform, the bottom of cutting platform is equipped with cutting platform bottom plate; The auger is fixed on both ends of cutting platform and is used for pushing material to the rear of cutting platform; The cutting knife is arranged on the front side of cutting platform bottom plate, and the cutting knife comprises a cutter beam arranged along the width direction of cutting platform, a fixed cutter and a moving cutter assembled on the cutter beam; The contour assembly is fixed on the bottom of cutting platform, and the contour assembly follows the ground and changes with the height of field, and the contour assembly comprises a plurality of contour units arranged along the width direction of cutting platform, and the contour unit comprises: The front end of the slide plate is fixed on the cutter beam, and the slide plate comprises an arc-shaped part close to the ground and a flat part used for connecting the cutter beam; The front end of the swing arm is fixed with the slide plate through a fixing part along the front-rear direction of cutting platform; The first spring plate is arranged above the slide plate, one end of the first spring plate is connected with the flat part, and the other end of the first spring plate is connected with the cutting platform bottom plate; The second spring plate is arranged below the first spring plate, and the second spring plate comprises a fixed part fixed with the flat part, a first transition part extending and bending downward, a second transition part arranged at the tail end of the second spring plate and a straight plate part fixed and close to the first spring plate; The first spring plate and the second spring plate are arranged above the swing arm, the second transition part extends and bends upward, the first spring plate and the second transition part form a clamping cavity, the front end of the cutting platform bottom plate is movably embedded in the clamping cavity, and when the height of the contour unit changes, the first spring plate slides on the cutting platform bottom plate. One side of the swing arm is also provided with a limiting part, the limiting part comprises a limiting block arranged on one side of the swing arm and a limiting sheet sliding in cooperation with the limiting block, a limiting groove is arranged on the limiting sheet, and the limiting block slides in the limiting groove to limit the active position of the contour assembly.

2. A head as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The fixing part comprises a connecting plate arranged at the front end of the swing arm and a fixed bearing arranged integrally with the slide plate, and the fixed bearing is rotationally connected with the connecting plate through a fixed shaft.

3. A head as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that The limiting part further comprises a locking pin shaft, and a locking hole is further arranged above the limiting sheet, and the locking pin shaft is arranged in the locking hole.

4. A head as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that The rear end of the swing arm is provided with a mounting seat, and a torsion spring is arranged in the mounting seat.

5. A head as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that Further, a collecting device is arranged, the collecting device collects the displacement signal of the contour assembly, and the collecting device comprises a clamping sheet arranged on the swing arm, a sensing shaft arranged along the width direction of cutting platform and moving synchronously with the clamping sheet, a sensor arranged on cutting platform and a sensing connecting rod group in transmission connection with the sensing shaft and transmitting the displacement action to the sensor.

6. A head as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that Further, a fixing plate is fixed on the bottom of the cutting platform, and the fixing plate is arranged on both sides of the swing arm, the front end of the limiting sheet is fixed with the fixing plate through a bolt, and the torsion spring is connected with the rear end of the mounting seat and the fixing plate through a limiting shaft.

7. A head as claimed in claim 6, c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that ​ 8. A head as claimed in claim 7, characterised in that One side of the torsion spring is provided with a floating adjusting member, the floating adjusting member comprises a floating connecting rod penetrating the limiting shaft and an adjusting screw rod rotationally connected with the floating connecting rod, the adjusting screw rod penetrates a limiting seat fixed with the cutter frame, a threaded sleeve is arranged on the adjusting screw rod, the ground clearance of the cutter frame is adjusted by adjusting the height of the threaded sleeve on the adjusting screw rod.

9. A head as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that The first spring plate comprises a first limiting part which is bent upwards to form a baffle and then bent downwards to be fixed with the first transition part, the front end of the first limiting part is provided with a groove, and the first transition part is embedded in the groove.

10. A head as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that The cutter frame comprises a support beam arranged below the cutter bottom plate, the support beam abuts against the second spring plate, the end of the second transition part is further provided with a first opening part bent downwards, the first spring plate comprises a second limiting part arranged at the end, and the first opening part and the second limiting part form an opening for clamping the cutter bottom plate.

11. A head as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that The sensing connecting rod set comprises a first screw rod rotationally connected with the sensing shaft, a second screw rod transmissionally connected with the first screw rod, and a tension spring, one end of the tension spring is connected with the first screw rod, and the other end is fixed on the cutter frame, the other end of the second screw rod is connected with the sensor, and the change amount of the profiling device is transmitted to the sensor.

12. A head as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that The front end of the swing arm is provided with a mounting cover to facilitate mounting and fixing the slide plate and the swing arm.

13. A head as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that The lower surface of the slide plate is provided with a lining plate.

14. A header characterized by, It comprises: a cutter frame, the bottom of the cutter frame is provided with a cutter bottom plate; a stirring auger, the two ends of the stirring auger are fixed on the cutter frame, and the stirring auger is used for pushing the material to the rear of the cutter; a cutter, the cutter is arranged on the front side of the bottom of the cutter, the cutter comprises a cutter beam arranged along the width direction of the cutter, and a fixed cutter and a moving cutter assembled on the cutter beam; a profiling assembly, the profiling assembly is fixed on the bottom of the cutter frame, the profiling assembly undulates close to the ground to adapt to the height change of the field, the profiling assembly comprises a plurality of profiling units arranged along the width direction of the cutter, and the profiling unit comprises: a slide plate, the front end of the slide plate is fixed on the cutter beam, the slide plate comprises an arc-shaped part close to the ground and a flat part for connecting the cutter beam; a first spring plate, one end of the first spring plate is connected with the flat part, and the other end of the first spring plate is connected with the cutter bottom plate; a second spring plate, the second spring plate is arranged below the first spring plate, the second spring plate comprises a fixed part fixed with the flat part, a first transition part bent downwards, a second transition part arranged at the end of the second spring plate, and a straight plate part fixedly arranged and close to the first spring plate; the second transition part is bent upwards, the first spring plate and the second transition part form a clamping cavity, the front end of the cutter bottom plate is movably embedded in the clamping cavity, and when the height of the profiling unit changes, the first spring plate slides on the cutter bottom plate.

15. A harvester characterized in that, It comprises the cutter as claimed in any one of claims 1-14.

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