Ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method and system for high-sugar towel gourds

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of towel gourd planting, and relates to an ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method and system for high-sugar towel gourds. The ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method for the high-sugar towel gourds comprises the steps that planting and breeding plots are constructed in autumn and winter of the At the end of February, the planting and breeding plots are watered and disinfected; from the middle ten days of March to the middle ten days of April, round-head tadpole seedlings are put; in early April, towel gourd seedlings are cultivated through floating seedling raising hole trays, and in the middle of April, the towel gourd seedlings are transplanted into non-woven fabric planting bags placed in vegetable planting areas of planting and breeding plots; in the middle ten days of May, towel gourd vines are guided to grow to form a shading shed frame; from late June to September, disease prevention and control and field management of frogs are carried out, and towel gourds are harvested and / or frogs are captured and sold; in October, towel gourd vines are cleaned, and frog overwintering management is carried out. According to the method, efficient land utilization and green production collaboration are achieved, dependence on pesticides and chemical fertilizers is reduced, non-point source pollution is controlled from the source, high-sugar loofah and frog products with zero pesticide residues are produced, and economic and ecological benefits are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of loofah cultivation technology, specifically relating to an ecological three-dimensional cultivation method and system for high-sugar loofah. Background Technology

[0002] loofah ( Luffa aegyptiaca Luffa (also known as loofah) is an annual climbing vine belonging to the genus Luffa in the Cucurbitaceae family. It has both edible and medicinal value. Luffa has a long growth cycle, with flowering lasting from June to November. During the hot season, it provides excellent shade under trellises. Currently, luffa is commonly grown using trellises; however, in actual production, the land beneath the trellises is often left idle, resulting in low land resource utilization and low economic efficiency for this single-vegetable cultivation model. Modern agricultural vegetable production relies excessively on pesticides and fertilizers, leading to increased non-point source pollution, soil degradation, and excessive pesticide residues in vegetables, threatening human health.

[0003] Existing technologies already include agricultural models that combine animal husbandry and crop cultivation, for example: Patent CN 103210770A discloses a method for mixed cultivation of frogs and vegetables. In this method, a 30-centimeter-high partition is erected between the tadpole rearing pond and the vegetable planting area. Vegetables are planted in the vegetable area, and trellises are built around the vegetable area to grow trellis crops. In this mixed cultivation model, the frog pond and vegetable area are separate, and the frog pond becomes idle after the tadpoles metamorphose, resulting in underutilization of land resources.

[0004] Patent CN 203243836U discloses an integrated breeding farm for black-spotted frogs (commonly known as frogs) and melons and vegetables. The farm features a melon trellis above the breeding area, with high and low insect-attracting lights and feeding platforms arranged on both sides. A ditch is located in the middle of the breeding area, with mesh covering both sides to prevent black-spotted frogs from stepping over the slope. The enclosure of the breeding area uses fishing netting at the top and black plastic sheeting at the bottom, fixed to posts, primarily to prevent the entry of foreign organisms and also to prevent black-spotted frogs from jumping out of the breeding area. While this model achieves the sharing of breeding and planting areas, it is designed for metamorphosing frogs. Tadpoles still need to complete metamorphosis elsewhere before being transferred to this integrated breeding farm, resulting in a low frog survival rate. In the aforementioned prior art, the trellises are located far from water sources, and there are no restrictions on the types of crops grown on the trellises. The main function of the melons and vegetables is to provide food for the frogs by breeding pests, thus reducing production costs and improving economic efficiency.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field to propose a new ecological three-dimensional farming method and system to solve problems such as low land utilization, low survival rate of frogs, and poor economic benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, a three-dimensional ecological farming method and system for high-sugar loofah is provided.

[0007] Specifically, the ecological three-dimensional cultivation method for high-sugar loofah provided by this invention includes the following steps: (1) Construct at least one farming and breeding community in the autumn and winter of the previous year; First, construct the main road, then build planting and breeding areas on both sides of the main road. Dig a ditch along the long side in the middle of the planting and breeding area, with vegetable planting areas on both sides of the ditch and a feeding area outside the vegetable planting area. Build field ridges around the planting and breeding areas, with adjacent planting and breeding areas sharing the same long field ridge. Plant greenhouse frames in the vegetable planting areas, with both ends of the greenhouse frames fixed to the sides of the ditch in the adjacent planting and breeding areas. Set up fencing and overhead netting outside the field ridges. (2) At the end of February, disinfect the planting and breeding area with water; from mid-March to mid-April, release round-headed tadpole seedlings into the planting and breeding area; (3) In early April, floating seedling trays were used to cultivate loofah seedlings. In mid-April, the loofah seedlings were transplanted into non-woven planting bags placed in the vegetable planting area of ​​the planting and breeding community. (4) In mid-May, manage the tadpoles that have entered the metamorphosis stage and the main vines of the loofah that have begun to climb, and guide the loofah vines to grow to form a shade trellis; (5) From late June to September, carry out disease control and field management of frogs, and harvest loofah and / or capture and sell frogs; (6) In October, clear the loofah vines and carry out overwintering management for frogs.

[0008] In the above-mentioned ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method for high-sugar loofah, in step (1), the planting and breeding plot is rectangular with an area of ​​250~500 m². 2 The aspect ratio is 2:1 to 3:1; the width of the ditch is 60 to 80 cm and the depth is 20 to 30 cm; the width of the feeding platform is 1.5 to 1.8 m and it is 10 to 15 cm above the ground; the width of the field ridge is 50 to 70 cm and it is 50 to 70 cm above the ground level; the fence is a 40 to 60 mesh polyethylene net, with its lower end buried in the soil for 15 to 20 cm, the above-ground part is 80 to 100 cm high, and the upper end is folded inward for 5 to 8 cm; the overhead net is 2 to 2.5 m above the ground.

[0009] In the above-mentioned ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method of high sugar loofah, step (2) includes water disinfection: after watering the planting and breeding area to a depth of 15-20 cm, first apply cypermethrin for disinfection, and then use quicklime at a depth of 150-200 kg / mu to evenly sprinkle; after disinfection, drain the water and refill it with water to a depth of 40-50 cm, and set a 60-80 mesh filter at the water inlet.

[0010] In the above-mentioned ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method of high sugar loofah, in step (2), the stocking density of the round-headed tadpole seedlings is 170,000 to 200,000 per mu. Before stocking, a water test is carried out and vitamin C phosphate anti-stress agent is sprayed.

[0011] In the above-mentioned ecological three-dimensional farming method for high-sugar loofah, step (4) involves managing the tadpoles that have entered the metamorphosis period by gradually lowering the water level until the feeding area and vegetable planting area are exposed above the water surface, clearing weeds, and laying reflective film or moisture-proof cloth in the feeding area for fixed-point feeding.

[0012] In the above-mentioned ecological three-dimensional cultivation method for high-sugar loofah, step (4) specifically includes guiding the growth of loofah vines: when the main loofah vine grows to 60-80 cm, straighten the vines in time so that they grow towards the trellis; when the main loofah vine grows to 80-100 cm, set up wire mesh as a support between the greenhouse frame above the ditch to guide the main vine to extend horizontally on the wire mesh.

[0013] In the above-mentioned ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method of high sugar loofah, the disease prevention and control in step (5) includes: mixing bactericidal Chinese herbal medicines into the feed for prevention; reducing the amount of feed during high temperature; stopping feeding and disinfecting and isolating the planting and breeding area where the head tilt disease occurs; and reducing the water temperature of the ditch by drawing underground well water or bottom water of the water body.

[0014] In the above-mentioned ecological three-dimensional planting method for high-sugar loofah, in step (3), the width and height of the non-woven fabric planting bag are both 50~60 cm, and its bottom is a mesh structure with a single mesh hole diameter greater than 0.8 cm.

[0015] On the other hand, the present invention provides a high-sugar loofah ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding system for implementing the above method, comprising: At least one farming or livestock breeding area is formed by field ridges; A water ditch is located in the middle of the aforementioned farming and breeding area; Vegetable planting areas are located on both sides of the ditch; The food distribution area is located outside the vegetable planting area and inside the field ridge; A fencing net is installed on the inner side of the field ridge; Multiple greenhouse frames are planted in the vegetable planting area, with each greenhouse frame fixed at both ends to the sides of the water ditch of two adjacent planting and breeding areas. The aerial net is erected above the entire planting and breeding system; Non-woven fabric planting bags are placed in the vegetable planting area and close to the greenhouse frame; A support net is erected above the ditch and between the adjacent greenhouse frame.

[0016] In the aforementioned high-sugar loofah ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding system, the support net is made of wire mesh.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The high-sugar loofah ecological three-dimensional farming method of the present invention completes the tadpole farming process, tadpole metamorphosis process, adult frog farming and loofah planting process in the same area. There is no human interference, no problems such as capture stress and adaptation to the new environment after release, and the survival rate of frogs is greatly improved. (2) In the ecological three-dimensional cultivation method of high sugar loofah of the present invention, the whole growth period of loofah exceeds 150 days, frogs reach sexual maturity and are marketed in the same year, and the market time lasts from August to October. The whole breeding cycle of frogs from tadpoles in March-April to market sales also exceeds 150 days. The growth periods of frogs and loofah are perfectly matched. In order to ensure that the loofah can form a good shade environment before the high temperature at the end of June, the earlier the loofah is planted, the better. The present invention completely solves the problem that loofah cannot be planted in the early tadpole breeding stage by planting loofah seedlings in tadpole ponds in March-April. (3) In the ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method of high sugar loofah of the present invention, the loofah provides shade for frogs, and the frogs eat insects while their excrement provides nutrients for the loofah, which significantly reduces agricultural non-point source pollution caused by the use of pesticides and fertilizers. Through ecological synergy, green organic food is produced and food safety is guaranteed. (4) The high-sugar loofah ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding system of the present invention activates the idle land resources under the loofah trellis through three-dimensional spatial configuration, constructs a symbiotic ecological chain, realizes efficient land use and green production synergy, not only reduces the dependence on pesticides and fertilizers, but also controls non-point source pollution from the source, produces high-sugar loofah and frog products with zero pesticide residues, and simultaneously improves economic and ecological benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the high-sugar loofah ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding system of the present invention; Among them: 100-High sugar loofah ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding system, 1-Planting and breeding area, 2-Field ridge, 3-Ditch, 4-Vegetable planting area, 5-Feeding platform area, 6-Enclosure net, 7-Greenhouse frame, 8-Sky net, 9-Non-woven planting bag, 10-Support net, 11-Main road, 12-Main water inlet pipe, 13-Water inlet pipe, 14-Drainage pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To fully understand the purpose, features, and effects of this invention, the following detailed embodiments are provided. Except as described below, the process methods of this invention employ conventional methods or apparatus in the art. Unless otherwise specified, the terms and expressions used below have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art.

[0021] The technical solution adopted by the high-sugar loofah ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding method of the present invention is as follows: the loofah planting area is modified to form a single planting and breeding plot. The middle of the planting and breeding plot is a ditch, and the two sides of the ditch are vegetable planting areas. The outer side of the vegetable planting area is a feeding area. Greenhouse frames are planted on both sides of the ditch, and the other end of the greenhouse frame is planted on the side of the ditch of the adjacent plot. In March and April, the plot is filled with water and tadpoles are raised in it. At the same time, loofah seedlings are raised in floating seedling trays and transplanted into non-woven fabric planting bags and placed directly on the side of the greenhouse frame of the tadpole breeding pond to grow loofah in water. Before the high temperature arrives at the end of June, the loofah seedlings climb between the opposing greenhouse frames on both sides of the ditch to form a shaded environment and flower and bear fruit. In the high temperature season from July to September, the loofah roots penetrate the non-woven fabric planting bags and take root in the soil on the side of the ditch. They not only absorb the organic fertilizer of frogs, but also have a sufficient water source at all times. The resulting loofahs not only had a high yield, but also had more than twice the soluble sugar content of ordinary loofahs, providing a practical and feasible planting method for fruit loofah cultivation.

[0022] Specifically, in combination Figure 1 The ecological three-dimensional cultivation method for high-sugar loofah of the present invention includes the following steps: Building farming communities In the autumn and winter of the previous year, at least one planting and breeding community 1 was constructed.

[0023] In some preferred embodiments, the planting and breeding area 1 is selected from a plot of land that is flat, has convenient water sources and good drainage, and the site should have convenient transportation and a stable power supply.

[0024] The total area of ​​the plot should be between 15 and 30 mu, and all areas should be leveled using an excavator. In some preferred embodiments, the main road 11 is 1.5 to 2 m wide, located in the middle of the entire plot, and is 50 to 70 cm above the plot's surface.

[0025] In some preferred embodiments, the construction of water inlet and drainage facilities in the breeding and farming area 1 includes: (1) pre-burying main water inlet pipes 12 on both sides of the main road 11, the main water inlet pipes 12 drawing water from rivers, reservoirs or deep wells; (2) the main water inlet pipes 12 are made of PE pipes with a diameter of 120~150 mm; (3) installing reducing tees, water valves and PVC pipes at equal intervals on the main water inlet pipes 12, the PVC pipes having a diameter of 50~75 mm; (4) excavating drainage ditch 3 on the drainage side of the breeding and farming area 1, if there are only two rows of breeding and farming areas 1 between the two main roads 11, they can share a drainage ditch (not shown in the figure); (5) the drainage ditch is 1.5~2 m wide and more than 1 m deep.

[0026] In some preferred embodiments, the construction of the planting and breeding area includes: (1) constructing planting and breeding areas 1 on both sides of the main road 11, with each planting and breeding area 1 having an area of ​​250~500 m². 2 (1) The community is built in a rectangle with a length-to-width ratio of 2:1 to 3:1; (2) The water valve and PVC pipe are located in the middle of the short side of the planting and breeding community 1, which is the water inlet direction, and the opposite side is the drainage direction; (3) Field ridges 2 are built around the planting and breeding community 1. The width of the field ridges 2 is about 50 to 70 cm, and the field ridges 2 are about 50 to 70 cm above the ground plane. The two adjacent planting and breeding communities 1 share the same long side field ridge 2. The field ridges 2 are solid and leak-proof; (4) A water ditch 3 is dug in the middle of the planting and breeding community 1 along the long side direction. The excavated soil is transferred to the perimeter of the planting and breeding community 1 to make a feeding platform area 5. The width of the water ditch 3 is about 60 to 80 cm, and the depth is 20 to 30 cm; (5) The feeding platform area 5 is located inside the field ridge 2. The width of the feeding platform area 5 is about 1.5 to 1.8 m, and the feeding platform area 5 is 10 to 15 m above the ground plane. cm; (6) Bury the inlet PVC pipe into the planting and breeding area 1 through the field ridge 2, and control the inlet flow rate through the valve outside the field ridge 2; pre-bury the drainage PVC pipe in the middle of the opposite field ridge 2, and install elbows and PVC vertical pipes at the PVC pipe openings outside the field ridge 2, and adjust the water volume of the planting and breeding area 1 by adjusting the inclination of the vertical pipes; (7) The ditch 3 is in the middle of the planting and breeding area, the two sides of the ditch 3 are the vegetable planting area 4, and the outer side of the vegetable planting area 4 is the feeding area 5; (8) In the vegetable planting area 4, plant semi-circular greenhouse frames 7 at equal intervals (80~100 cm), and plant the two ends of the greenhouse frames 7 at the vegetable planting areas of the two adjacent planting and breeding areas near the side of the ditch 3; (9) Install the enclosure net 6 inside the field ridge 2 of the planting and breeding area. The enclosure net 6 is a polyethylene net of about 40~60 mesh. The enclosure net 6 is buried 15~20 cm in the soil, and the part above the ground is 80~100 cm. Insert epoxy resin rods at intervals of approximately 1.5 to 2.0 m, and fix the netting 6 to the rods (not shown in the figure). Fold the upper end of the netting 6 inward by 5 to 8 cm.

[0027] In some preferred embodiments, the construction of the planting and breeding area fence (not shown), the fence net 6 and the sky net 8 includes: installing a fence on the outermost perimeter of the entire planting and breeding area 1, the fence being made of wire mesh or color steel fence; regularly installing posts at locations such as the main road 11 and field ridges 2 in the entire planting and breeding area, fixing ropes to the posts, and then fixing the sky net 8 to the ropes, the sky net 8 being 2~2.5m above the ground.

[0028] Frog farming At the end of February, water disinfection was carried out in breeding and farming area 1; from mid-March to mid-April, round-headed tadpole seedlings were released into the breeding and farming area; in mid-May, tadpoles that had entered the metamorphosis period were treated; from late June to September, disease control for frogs was carried out, and frogs were captured and sold; in October, overwintering management of frogs was carried out.

[0029] In some preferred embodiments, disinfecting the water in the breeding and farming area 1 includes: (1) filling the breeding and farming area 1 with water 15-20 cm to submerge the feeding platform area 5; (2) applying cypermethrin to the entire pond for disinfection, killing pests such as crayfish, eels and wild fish; (3) after disinfection for 3 days, evenly sprinkling quicklime 150-200 kg / mu on the feeding platform area 5, the vegetable planting area 4 and the ditch 3; (4) regularly stirring the water to allow the quicklime to fully dissolve and effectively disinfect soil pathogens and leeches; (5) draining the water in the breeding and farming area 1 after half a month of disinfection; (6) refilling the water to about 40-50 cm. If river water or pond water is used, a 60-80 mesh net bag is placed at the inlet or outlet of the main water inlet pipe 12 to prevent pests such as wild fish, water centipedes, fish eggs and nymphs from entering the area.

[0030] In some preferred embodiments, tadpole rearing management includes: (1) a water test should be conducted before stocking. The method is to take water from the breeding area in a basin, and then put 20-30 tadpoles into it. If the mortality rate of the tadpole seedlings is less than 10% after 24-36 hours, the breeding area can be stocked; (2) 1-2 hours before stocking, Vc phosphate should be sprinkled on the whole pond of breeding area 1 to prevent tadpole seedlings from being stressed; (3) when stocking, short-distance transportation can be carried out off-water transportation, and the time should be controlled within 15 minutes; for long-distance transportation, oxygen bags should be used to maintain a low temperature during transportation. After the seedlings are returned, the seedling bags are first placed in the pond water of the breeding area to make the water temperature inside and outside the bag the same. Then, a small amount of new pond water is added to the seedling bags, and then the tadpole seedlings are slowly poured into the breeding area. (4) The amount of tadpole seedlings released is 170,000 to 200,000 per mu, and tadpole seedlings of the same batch with uniform size are released. (5) After the tadpole seedlings are put into the water, the powder feed is immediately started. The protein content of the powder feed is more than 42%. The daily feeding amount is 3% to 5% of the tadpole's body weight, and it is fed once in the morning and once in the evening. In the early stage, the powder feed is soaked in water and then sprinkled throughout the pond. After 1 week, the powder feed is fed at fixed points. (6) Feeding follows the time and fixed point feeding. More feed is given on sunny days and less feed is given on rainy days. (7) Tadpoles are fed a mixture of powder feed and pellet feed in the fourth week of breeding in the breeding area 1. In order to ensure that the tadpoles have sufficient nutrition before metamorphosis and are larger in size, the amount of pellet feed can be fed in small amounts and multiple times a day according to the situation of the pellet feed floating on the water surface. When the floating pellet feed is finished, the amount is increased, and vice versa.

[0031] Among them, the round-headed tadpoles that enter the breeding area are in the early stage of hind limb bud development. After about one week of breeding, they not only grow hind limbs, but also begin to differentiate into five toes. After another 15-20 days of breeding, they fully differentiate into five toes. After another 7-10 days of breeding, the tadpoles enter the mouth development stage and slowly grow forelimbs. At this time, they can start to be fed pellet feed with a particle size of 1-1.2 mm. After another 7-10 days, more than 20% of the tadpoles grow forelimbs, and about 10% of the tadpoles undergo complete metamorphosis. After another 2-3 weeks, the vast majority of the tadpoles complete metamorphosis.

[0032] In some preferred embodiments, the Vc phosphate ester is Suwen C (L-ascorbic acid content >15%) from Sampo Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., and the dosage for whole-pond application before stocking is 0.2~1 mg / L, and the dosage for feeding mixed with feed during the frog breeding stage is 1~5 g / kg.

[0033] During the tadpole rearing process, the present invention employs the following measures to prevent and control gas bubble disease, hemorrhagic disease, parasites, and natural enemies.

[0034] Gas bubble disease is mainly caused by enteritis. When the amount of food is insufficient, tadpoles will ingest algae and debris in the water. Dinodinium and Microcystis have hard cell walls that are difficult to digest, leading to enteritis and intestinal bloating. Another cause is eutrophication, where tadpoles ingest tiny air bubbles. Prevention and treatment of enteritis include feeding at fixed times and locations with sufficient amounts, and regularly administering astragalus and phellodendron powder and three-yellow powder according to the instructions to protect the intestines and liver. For eutrophication, regular water changes are necessary to ensure the water is "rich, vibrant, and refreshing."

[0035] The main cause of hemorrhagic disease in tadpoles is stress, such as excessive use of povidone-iodine for water disinfection, excessive organic acids during water detoxification, and excessive use of pesticides. The preventive measures are to accurately calculate the water volume of the breeding area and strictly follow the safe concentration instructions.

[0036] If the tadpoles have a large number of fascioliasis parasites in their intestines, administer an anti-cilia drug orally once before and once after they come ashore.

[0037] During the tadpole stage, it is crucial to strictly prevent dragonflies from laying eggs in the water. Dragonfly larvae, specifically nymphs, are carnivorous and aggressive, and they prey on tadpoles, especially gnawing on their fore and hind limbs. Therefore, it is essential to disinfect the water, install nets, and filter the water in advance.

[0038] In some preferred embodiments, the present invention employs the following measures to regulate water quality during tadpole rearing: In the early stages of tadpole rearing, a slight flow of water should be maintained, especially to prevent oxygen deficiency in the water during rainy days. Emergency measures include spraying granular oxygen to increase oxygen levels and installing aeration trays. Early fermentation of feed at the bottom of the water can form an oil film, leading to oxygen deficiency. Surfactants should be used regularly to remove the oil film. Duckweed should be removed promptly when it appears; otherwise, as temperatures rise, duckweed will grow rapidly and cover the entire rearing area, making it impossible to feed the tadpoles. It should be promptly harvested or a low-toxicity herbicide should be sprayed to kill the duckweed. After rain, povidone-iodine or glutaraldehyde should be used to disinfect the water. Disinfection should be carried out every two weeks, and potassium persulfate compound salt should be sprayed into the water weekly to improve water quality.

[0039] In some preferred embodiments, the present invention employs the following feeding and acclimatization management during the tadpole metamorphosis period: As the tadpoles undergo metamorphosis, the water level of the breeding area 1 is gradually lowered. When 40% to 50% of the tadpoles have come ashore, the water level of the breeding area 1 is lowered until the feeding platform area 5 is exposed above the water surface. When 80% of the tadpoles have come ashore, the water level of the breeding area 1 is lowered until the entire vegetable planting area 4 is exposed above the water surface, and the ditch is filled with water. After the feeding platform area 5 and the vegetable planting area 4 are exposed above the water surface, weeds should be cleared in a timely manner, especially the weeds growing on both sides of the feeding platform area 5, to prevent the metamorphosing tadpoles from hiding in the grass and starving to death. In the early stages of metamorphosis, tadpoles do not feed and rely on absorbing nutrients from their tails. When 80% to 90% of the tadpoles have come ashore, the feeding platform area 5 is laid out. Reflective film or black moisture-proof cloth is used to lay the feeding platform area, and plastic nails are inserted into the soil to fix the edges of the reflective film or moisture-proof cloth.

[0040] The method for taming metamorphic frogs is to feed them small amounts of feed (1 mm diameter pellets) continuously at fixed points from morning to night. Metamorphic frog larvae have a gregarious effect and gather at feeding position 5 in the feeding area to eat. When the feed is finished, feed is fed again at the same position. After feeding in this cycle for one week, the metamorphic frogs are successfully tamed and will come to the feeding area to eat at the corresponding time.

[0041] In some preferred embodiments, the present invention employs the following daily management measures for frogs: When the frog is about 2.5-3 g in size, use extruded pellet feed with a particle size of 1-1.2 mm (crude protein content above 41%); from 10-20 g, feed with extruded pellet feed with a particle size of 1.2-1.5 mm (crude protein content above 40%); from 15-30 g, feed with extruded pellet feed with a particle size of 1.5-2 mm (crude protein content above 40%); and from 25 g or more, feed with extruded pellet feed with a particle size of 2-3 mm. The feed should be extruded pellets (crude protein content above 40%). During the adult frog rearing stage, the feeding amount should be controlled according to the temperature. Feed normally on sunny days, reduce feeding appropriately on cloudy days, and stop feeding on rainy days. The daily feeding amount should be 2% to 5% of the frog's body weight, and should be divided into at least two feedings. Weeds growing on both sides of the feeding platform area should be removed regularly by manual weeding. During the rearing period, patrol regularly, paying special attention to problems such as water pipe leakage, fence damage, damage to the enclosure net 6 and the sky net 8, collapse of the field ridge 2, and frog escape, and deal with them in a timely manner. In the high-temperature season, the water temperature of the ditches can be reduced by pumping groundwater from wells, reservoirs, and bottom water bodies of rivers.

[0042] In some preferred embodiments, the present invention employs the following frog disease control measures: cleaning the feeding area five times a week and spraying povidone-iodine or glutaraldehyde solution for disinfection weekly; if enteritis in the tadpole stage is not treated in time, it will affect the breeding of adult frogs, especially during sudden weather changes from May to July, such as after heavy rain, resulting in a large number of frog deaths. Some of the dead individuals showed obvious "red bottom" symptoms, and autopsies revealed that the red bottom was caused by bleeding from the anus seeping into the skin and muscle layer; for red bottom / red leg disease, it is necessary to regularly mix medicine with the feed and feed herbal medicines that protect the intestines and liver. In addition to pharmaceutical preparations, vitamin C phosphate esters are added to the feed to improve the stress resistance of frog fry. During the high-temperature season from the end of June to August, frogs are highly susceptible to head tilt disease, which is highly contagious and has a high mortality rate. Larger frogs are at higher risk of infection due to their large food intake, heavy burden on their liver and intestines, and weaker constitution. Prevention is key for head tilt disease, which is a bacterial disease. It can be prevented by mixing appropriate antibacterial Chinese herbal medicines into the feed. At the same time, feeding should be reduced during high temperatures, and feeding should be stopped in breeding areas where head tilt disease occurs. Disinfection, isolation, and harmless treatment measures should be implemented.

[0043] Once the frogs reach marketable size, they are caught using traps. In some preferred embodiments, feeding is stopped the day before catching; then the traps are connected and placed in the feeding area 5 near the vegetable growing area. People walk around where there are frogs, and the frogs will be startled and crawl into the traps, which are then quickly removed. The frogs caught in the traps are transferred to frog bags (nylon mesh bags, 90 cm long and 50 cm wide), with no more than 10 kg of frogs in a single bag. The caught frogs can be sorted and sold in batches or sold in bulk. Each mesh bag is paired with a frog frame. The mesh bag is placed in the frog frame, and the frogs are evenly distributed inside the mesh bag to prevent crushing. During transportation, the frog frames are stacked in multiple layers, and refrigerated trucks are used for transportation during high-temperature periods.

[0044] Before the temperature drops, select a breeding area 1 without frogs, remove the loofah vines and non-woven planting bags 9, and moisten the entire breeding area 1 with water. Use a small tiller to till the vegetable planting area 4 and feeding area 5 of breeding area 1 to loosen the soil, making it easier for frogs to burrow and hibernate. Finally, cover the soil with straw. Capture any frogs that are not for sale and gather them in the tilled breeding area for hibernation. The frog release density should be >30 frogs / m². 2 During hibernation, the straw can be opened periodically to check the hibernation status of the frogs, and traps can be set around breeding area 1 to catch weasels and rats.

[0045] The high-sugar loofah ecological three-dimensional farming method of the present invention completes the tadpole breeding process, tadpole metamorphosis process, adult frog breeding process and loofah planting process in the same area. There is no human interference, no problems such as capture stress and adaptation to the new environment after release, and the survival rate of frogs is greatly improved.

[0046] loofah cultivation In early April, loofah seedlings are cultivated using floating seedling trays; in mid-April, the loofah seedlings are transplanted into non-woven fabric planting bags 9 placed in the vegetable planting area 4 of the planting and breeding community; in mid-May, the main loofah vines that have begun to climb are managed to guide the growth of the loofah vines to form a shade trellis; from late June to September, the loofahs are harvested; in October, the loofah vines are cleared and the frogs are managed for overwintering.

[0047] Traditional loofah cultivation in dry land requires regular watering. This invention eliminates the need for water and fertilizer management throughout the later stages of loofah cultivation, saving time and effort. The loofah receives ample water from seedling stage onwards and absorbs sufficient nutrients, resulting in higher soluble sugar content and better quality.

[0048] The entire growth period of loofah exceeds 150 days, while frogs reach sexual maturity and are available for market in the same year, with the market season lasting from August to October. The entire breeding cycle of frogs, from tadpoles in March-April to market sales, also exceeds 150 days, perfectly matching the growth periods of loofah. To ensure a good shaded environment for loofah before the high temperatures at the end of June, the earlier the loofah is planted, the better. This invention completely solves the problem of not being able to plant loofah in the early tadpole breeding stage by planting loofah seedlings in tadpole ponds in early April. In some preferred embodiments, the cultivation of loofah seedlings using floating seedling trays includes the following steps: (1) Prepare a seedling pond. The size of the seedling pond should generally take into full account the size of the floating seedling trays. In principle, it should be able to accommodate several floating trays without leaving gaps to prevent the growth of green algae in the pond water. After leveling the bottom of the pond, sprinkle a layer of quicklime powder to sterilize and prevent insects, and then lay a layer of 1-2 cm thick sieved fine sand. 3-5 days before seedling cultivation, add compound fertilizer to the seedling pond to a final concentration of 3-10 mg / L. (2) Before sowing, soak the loofah seeds in room temperature water for about 2-2.5 hours, then rinse with clean water to remove impurities and the mucus on the surface of the seeds, and drain. Then soak the seeds in 52-55℃ warm water for about 15-20 minutes, stirring constantly during this period. After natural cooling, take out the shriveled seeds. Then rinse with clean water 2-3 times and soak in room temperature water for 3-3.5 hours. (3) Prepare seedling trays. Seedling trays are made by combining a set of seedling trays, consisting of a lower foam tray and an upper plastic inner tray. First, moisten the ordinary vegetable seedling substrate with water until it is half dry and half wet, and then fill the plastic inner tray. Second, gently press the sprouted loofah seeds into the holes with the sprouts facing down, and then cover them with substrate. Finally, scrape off the excess substrate and place them neatly in the seedling pool in batches. (4) Remove the seed coat covering the cotyledons in time after emergence to facilitate the unfolding of the cotyledons. Two to three days after emergence, apply 1000 times dilution of 56% pyraclostrobin·chlorothalonil or 800 times dilution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, and spray once every week or so, rotating the pesticides. (5) Five to seven days before transplanting, control water and stop fertilization to harden the seedlings. Spray a fungicide once before transplanting and transplant with the pesticide.

[0049] In some preferred embodiments, seedling transplanting includes the following steps: (1) When the loofah seedlings have grown to 2-3 true leaves, with complete and thick leaves, dark green color, clear veins, thick rhizomes, and snow-white and well-developed roots, they are transplanted; (2) The non-woven fabric planting bag 9 is filled with soil, and the loofah seedlings along with the substrate are planted in the middle of the non-woven fabric planting bag 9, with 1-2 loofah seedlings planted in each non-woven fabric planting bag 9; (3) The non-woven fabric planting bag 9 is then placed next to the greenhouse frame of the planting and breeding area, and the loofah seedlings are watered with the water from the planting and breeding area 1; (4) Inspections are conducted within 1 week of transplanting, and seedlings are promptly replaced if missing seedlings or dead seedlings are found.

[0050] In some preferred embodiments, the nonwoven planting bag 9 has a width of 50-60 cm and a height of 50-60 cm, and the bottom of the nonwoven planting bag 9 has a mesh structure with a single mesh size of 0.8 cm or more. In some preferred embodiments, the present invention employs the following management measures for the transplanted loofah: After 5-7 days of transplanting and the seedlings have recovered, or when new leaves have emerged, apply a seedling fertilizer 15 cm away from the roots of the loofah on a sunny day; 20 days later, apply a phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 15 cm away from the roots of the loofah. When the main vine of the loofah grows to 60-80 cm, straighten it to grow towards the trellis. When it grows to 80-100 cm, tie it up and guide it onto the trellis. Tie and train the vine every 2-3 days. Before the main vine produces female flowers, remove all lateral vines. When the main vine grows to 80-100 cm, erect a support net 10 between the greenhouse frames 7 on both sides of the ditch 3 in the planting area. The support net 10 is made of wire mesh and is arranged in an "X" shape, crisscrossing and wrapping around the greenhouse frames 7 on both sides of the ditch. To ensure load-bearing capacity, stakes can be driven at intervals in the ditch 3 to firmly support the wire mesh. When the main vine climbs to the position of the wire mesh, place it on the wire mesh and let it continue to extend horizontally on the wire mesh directly above the ditch 3. The main vines on both sides of the ditch 3 will branch, flower, and bear fruit on the wire mesh, creating a good shading environment below the wire mesh. During the planting period, regular inspections are conducted, and all the main vines of the loofah are placed on wire mesh to prevent them from continuing to climb along the greenhouse frame and eventually break through the top net 8 to flower and bear fruit. No pesticides are used after the loofah seedlings are transplanted, and no chemical fertilizers are used after the loofah flowers.

[0051] Regarding the harvesting of loofah, the present invention adopts the following measures: in the early fruiting stage, when the loofah grows to about 22-25 cm, has a fruit diameter of 6-8 cm, and weighs 300-350 g, it is harvested every 2-3 days; during the peak fruiting period, when the fruit is 30 cm or more in length, has a fruit diameter of 8-10 cm, and weighs about 600-800 g, it is harvested and supplied to the market in large quantities; in the later fruiting stage, if there is high temperature and drought, artificial pollination (or flower dipping) is required to preserve the fruit.

[0052] After the loofah planting is completed, clear away the vines. If the planting area is not used as an overwintering pond, retain the non-woven fabric planting bags but remove the loofah roots inside.

[0053] On the other hand, such as Figure 1 As shown, the present invention also provides a high-sugar loofah ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding system 100, comprising: At least one planting and breeding area 1 is formed by field ridges 2, wherein the field ridges are used for pedestrian and vehicle traffic and for water retention in the planting and breeding area; Ditch 3 is located in the middle of the breeding area 1 and is used to supply water to tadpoles, frogs and loofahs; Vegetable planting area 4, located on both sides of the ditch 3, is used for planting loofah; Feeding area 5, located outside the vegetable planting area 4 and inside the field ridge 2, is used to feed frogs; The fencing 6 is installed on the inner side of the field ridge 2 to prevent frogs from escaping and to prevent weasels and rats from entering the area; Multiple greenhouse frames 7 are planted in the vegetable planting area 4. The two ends of each greenhouse frame are fixed to the sides of the water ditch 3 of two adjacent planting areas for the loofah to climb. Skynet 8, installed above the entire breeding and planting system 100, is used to prevent birds; Non-woven fabric planting bags 9 are placed in the vegetable planting area 4 and close to the greenhouse frame 7 for planting loofah in water. The support net 10 is erected above the ditch 3 and between the adjacent greenhouse frame 7.

[0054] The main function of the greenhouse frame of this invention is to provide a good shading environment for black-spotted frogs during the hot season, reduce the temperature of ditches, ground and air, provide a good habitat for frogs, and significantly reduce the incidence of wry neck disease.

[0055] The greenhouse frame of this invention is a multi-area greenhouse. Compared with traditional single-area greenhouses, the advantages of this model are mainly reflected in two aspects. First, the greenhouse frame above the ditch provides shade for frogs, while the multi-area greenhouse frame, located above the field ridges and feeding areas of the planting and breeding areas, can also provide shade for workers if needed. Second, to prevent cross-infection between planting and breeding areas, workers are generally required not to enter the planting and breeding areas, but only to work from the field ridges / passageways. In order to maximize shade, traditional single-area greenhouses have the greenhouse frame planted along the edge of the netting, either inside the feeding area or outside the field ridge. Although the shaded area is larger, it is very inconvenient for workers to feed, clean and disinfect the feeding areas.

[0056] In some preferred embodiments, the support net is a wire mesh used for the loofah to climb and flower and bear fruit.

[0057] In some preferred embodiments, the high-sugar loofah ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding system 100 further includes: Main road 11, the breeding and planting area 1 is arranged on both sides of the main road 11 for people and vehicles to walk on; The main water inlet pipe 12 is installed on both sides of the main road 11 and is used to supply water to the breeding and farming area 1. Water inlet pipe 13 is installed at equal intervals on the main water inlet pipe 12 and connected to the main water inlet pipe 12 through a reducing tee. It is set at the water inlet of the water ditch 3 and is used for water supply to the planting and breeding area 1. Drainage pipe 14 is installed at the drainage outlet of the ditch 3 for drainage of the planting and breeding area 1.

[0058] It should be noted that, in addition to loofah, this invention has also conducted planting and breeding experiments on cucumber, bitter melon, winter melon, pumpkin, cantaloupe, watermelon, gourd, sword bean, pea bean and frog, and finally selected loofah as having the best shading effect and duration.

[0059] The high-sugar loofah ecological three-dimensional planting and breeding system of the present invention activates the idle land resources under the loofah trellis through three-dimensional spatial configuration, builds a symbiotic ecological chain, realizes the synergy of efficient land use and green production, not only reduces the dependence on pesticides and fertilizers, but also controls non-point source pollution from the source, produces loofah and frog products with zero pesticide residues, and simultaneously improves economic and ecological benefits.

[0060] Example The present invention is further illustrated below by way of embodiments, but the invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments described herein. Experimental methods in the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, are performed according to conventional methods and conditions.

[0061] Example 1 I. Site Selection Select a plot of land with flat terrain, convenient water source, and good drainage. The total area of ​​the plot is 15 mu. Use an excavator to level all the land. First, construct the main road 11. The main road 11 is about 1.5 m wide and located in the middle of the plot. The main road 11 is about 50 cm higher than the plot surface.

[0062] Main water inlet pipes 12 are pre-buried on both sides of the main road 11. The main water inlet pipes 13 draw water from rivers, reservoirs, or deep wells. The main water inlet pipes 12 are made of PE pipes with a diameter of 120 mm. Reducing tees, water valves, and PVC pipes with a diameter of 50 mm are installed at equal intervals on the main water inlet pipes 11. Drainage ditch 3 is excavated on the drainage side of the breeding and farming area 1. If there are only two rows of breeding and farming areas 1 between the two main roads 11, they can share a drainage ditch. The drainage ditch is about 1.5 m wide and 1 m deep.

[0063] II. Construction of Farming and Livestock Communities On both sides of the main road 11, planting and breeding areas 1 will be constructed, with each planting and breeding area covering 250 m². 2The residential area is rectangular with a length-to-width ratio of 2.5:1. The water valve and PVC pipe are located in the middle of the short side of the planting and breeding area 1, which is the water inlet direction, and the opposite side is the drainage direction. Field ridges 2 are built around the planting and breeding area 1. The field ridges 2 are about 50 cm wide and about 50 cm above the ground level. Two adjacent planting and breeding areas 1 share the same long side field ridge 2. The field ridges 2 are sturdy and leak-proof. A ditch 3 is dug in the middle of the planting and breeding area 1 along the long side. The excavated soil is transferred to the perimeter of the planting and breeding area to make feeding platforms 5. The ditch 3 is about 60 cm wide and about 30 cm deep. The feeding platforms 5 are located inside the field ridges 2. The feeding platforms 5 are about 1.5 m wide and about 10 cm above the ground level.

[0064] The water inlet PVC pipe is buried in the planting and breeding area 1 through the field ridge 2, and the water inlet flow rate is controlled by the valve outside the field ridge 2; the drainage PVC pipe is pre-buried in the middle of the field ridge 2 on the opposite side, and elbows and PVC vertical pipes are installed at the PVC pipe openings outside the field ridge 2. The water volume of the planting and breeding area 1 is adjusted by the inclination of the vertical pipes; in the vegetable planting area 4, semi-circular greenhouse frames 7 are planted at equal intervals (80 cm), and the two ends of the frames are respectively planted in the vegetable planting areas of the two adjacent planting and breeding areas near the edge of the ditch 3.

[0065] Install a perimeter net 6 inside the field ridge 2 of the farming area 1. The perimeter net 6 is a polyethylene net with a mesh size of about 60. The perimeter net 6 is buried 15 cm in the soil and about 80 cm above the ground. Insert epoxy resin poles at intervals of 2.0 m and fix the perimeter net 6 to the poles. Fold the top of the perimeter net 6 inward by 8 cm.

[0066] III. Construction of Fences and Skynets in Farming and Breeding Areas A fence is installed at the outermost perimeter of the entire farming area 1. The fence is made of wire mesh or corrugated steel. Posts are regularly installed at the main roads 11 and field ridges 2 of the entire farming area. Pull ropes are fixed to the posts, and then sky nets 8 are fixed to the pull ropes. The sky nets 8 are about 2 meters above the ground.

[0067] IV. Frog farming specifically includes the following steps: Fill the aquaculture area 1 with 20 cm of water to submerge the feeding area 5; apply cypermethrin to the entire pond for disinfection, killing crayfish, eels, and wild fish; 3 days after disinfection, evenly sprinkle 150 kg / mu of quicklime on the feeding area, vegetable planting area, and ditches; regularly stir the water to allow the quicklime to fully dissolve and effectively disinfect soil pathogens and leeches; drain the water from aquaculture area 1 half a month after disinfection; refill with 40 cm of water. If using river water or pond water, cover the inlet or outlet of the main water inlet pipe 12 with an 80-mesh net bag to prevent wild fish, water centipedes, fish eggs, and nymphs from entering the area.

[0068] From mid-March to mid-April, release round-headed tadpoles. Before releasing, a water test should be conducted by taking water from the breeding area in a basin and then releasing 30 tadpoles into it. If the mortality rate of the tadpoles is below 10% after 24 hours, the breeding area can be released. Two hours before releasing, sprinkle vitamin C phosphate into the entire pond of breeding area 1 to prevent stress on the tadpoles. When releasing, short-distance transportation can be carried out off-water, and the time should be controlled within 15 minutes. For long-distance transportation, oxygen bags should be used to maintain a low temperature during transportation. After the seedlings are brought back, first place the seedling bags in the water of the breeding area to ensure that the water temperature inside and outside the bags is the same. Then, add a small amount of fresh pond water to the seedling bags and slowly pour the tadpoles into the breeding area. The stocking density of tadpoles is about 200,000 per acre, and tadpoles of the same batch and uniform size should be stocked. After the tadpoles are released into the water, start feeding them powdered feed immediately. The protein content of the powdered feed should be above 42%, and the daily feeding amount should be 3% to 5% of the tadpole's body weight, fed twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening. In the early stages, the powdered feed should be soaked in water and then sprinkled throughout the pond. After one week, the powdered feed should be fed at fixed points. Feeding should be done at fixed times and locations, with more feeding on sunny days and less feeding on rainy days.

[0069] The round-headed tadpoles that enter the breeding area are in the early stage of hind limb bud development. After about one week of breeding, they not only grow hind limbs, but also begin to differentiate into five toes. After another two weeks of breeding, they have fully differentiated into five toes. After another week of breeding, the tadpoles enter the mouth development stage and slowly grow forelimbs. At this time, they can be fed pellet feed with a particle size of 1 mm. After another week, more than 20% of the tadpoles grow forelimbs, and about 10% of the tadpoles undergo complete metamorphosis. After another two to three weeks, the vast majority of the tadpoles complete metamorphosis.

[0070] Starting from the fourth week of rearing in breeding area 1, tadpoles are fed a mixture of powdered and pelleted feed. In order to ensure that the tadpoles have sufficient nutrition before metamorphosis and are relatively large, they can be fed in small amounts and multiple times a day, depending on the amount of pelleted feed floating on the water surface. When the floating pelleted feed is finished, the amount is increased, and vice versa.

[0071] Prevention is key to controlling head tilt disease. If the loofah vines have not yet formed a good shaded environment by late June, set up a shade net above the ditch (below the loofah trellis). If the loofah vines have already covered the trellis, a shade net is not needed. Shading can reduce the surface temperature, air temperature and water temperature in the frog's resting area. Shading should continue until early September. At the same time, reduce feeding during high temperatures, and stop feeding in breeding areas where head tilt disease has occurred.

[0072] Once the frogs reach market size, they are caught using traps. Feeding is stopped the day before the trapping. The traps are then connected and placed on the side of the feeding area 5 near the vegetable planting area 4. People walk around where there are frogs, and the frogs will be startled and crawl into the traps. The traps are then quickly removed. The frogs caught in the traps are transferred to frog bags (nylon mesh bags, 90 cm long and 50 cm wide), with each frog bag containing no more than 10 kg of frogs.

[0073] V. Loofah Cultivation Prepare the seedling bed by leveling the bottom and sprinkling a layer of quicklime powder for sterilization and insect prevention, followed by a 1 cm thick layer of sifted fine sand. 3-5 days before seedling cultivation, add compound fertilizer to the seedling bed to a final concentration of 5 mg / L.

[0074] In early April, before sowing, soak the loofah (Zhejiang Silk 202) seeds in room temperature water for about 2 hours, then rinse them with clean water to remove impurities and the mucus on the surface of the seeds, and drain them. Next, soak the seeds in warm water at 52-55℃ for about 15 minutes, stirring constantly during this time. After they cool naturally, take out the shriveled seeds. Then rinse them with clean water 2-3 times, soak them in room temperature water for about 3 hours, drain them, wrap them in clean damp gauze or a towel, and place them in a constant temperature incubator at 28-32℃ to germinate.

[0075] Prepare seedling trays. The seedling trays are a set, consisting of a lower foam tray and an upper plastic inner tray, forming a floating seedling tray. Moisten the ordinary vegetable seedling substrate with water until it is semi-dry, and then spread it throughout the plastic inner tray. Gently press the sprouted loofah seeds, with the sprout facing down, into the holes, and then cover them with substrate. Scrape off any excess substrate and then neatly place them in the seedling bed in batches.

[0076] After emergence, promptly remove the seed coat covering the cotyledons to facilitate cotyledon unfolding. Two to three days after emergence, apply a 1000-fold dilution of 56% pyraclostrobin·chlorothalonil or an 800-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, spraying once every week or so, alternating between pesticides. Five to seven days before transplanting, appropriately control watering and stop fertilization to harden off the seedlings. Before transplanting, spray a fungicide once and transplant with the treated fungicide.

[0077] Transplant the loofah seedlings when they have 2-3 true leaves, with complete, thick, dark green leaves, clear veins, robust rhizomes, and well-developed, snow-white roots. Fill non-woven fabric planting bags 9 with soil, and plant the loofah seedlings along with the substrate in the middle of the bags 9, planting 1-2 seedlings in each bag 9. Place the bags 9 next to the greenhouse frame in the planting area, and water the seedlings with the water from planting area 1. Check the seedlings within one week of transplanting, and replace any missing or dead seedlings promptly. After 5-7 days of recovery or when new leaves have emerged, apply a growth-promoting fertilizer 15 cm away from the roots on a sunny day. 20 days later, apply a phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 15 cm away from the roots. The non-woven fabric planting bags 9 are 50cm*60cm in size, with a mesh bottom and individual mesh sizes of 0.8cm or larger. When the main vine of the loofah reaches 60 cm in length, straighten it so that it grows towards the trellis. When the vine reaches 80-100 cm in length, tie it up and guide it onto the trellis. Every 2-3 days, tie and manage the vines. Before the main vine of the loofah appears with female flowers, remove all lateral vines. When the main vine of the loofah grows to 80-100 cm, set up a wire support net 10 between the greenhouse frames 7 on both sides of the water ditch in the planting area. The wire net is arranged in an "X" shape and crosses and wraps around the greenhouse frames on both sides of the water ditch. To ensure load-bearing capacity, drive stakes at intervals in the water ditch to firmly support the wire net. When the main vine of the loofah climbs to the position of the wire net, place the main vine on the wire net and let it continue to extend horizontally on the wire net directly above the water ditch. The main vine of the loofah on both sides of the water ditch branches, flowers, and fruits on the wire net, forming a good shading environment below the wire net. Do not use any pesticides after transplanting the loofah seedlings, and do not use any chemical fertilizers after the loofah flowers.

[0078] In the early stages of fruit development, the loofahs are harvested when they reach about 22 cm in length, 6-8 cm in diameter, and weigh about 300 g, and are harvested every 2-3 days. During the peak fruiting period, they are harvested when they reach 30 cm or more in length, 8-10 cm in diameter, and weigh about 600 g. In the later stages of fruit development, if there is high temperature and drought, artificial pollination (or flower dipping) is required to preserve the fruit.

[0079] After the loofah planting is completed, clear away the vines. If the planting area is not used as an overwintering pond, retain the non-woven fabric planting bags but remove the loofah roots inside.

[0080] Comparative Example 1 Till the planting area to a depth of 25-30 cm, apply 30 kg of compound fertilizer per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), then make raised beds 1.5-2 meters wide with 30 cm wide furrows for easy trellising and drainage. Transplant the same batch of loofah seedlings grown in floating seedling trays as in Example 1; keep the soil moist during the seedling stage. When the loofah vines reach 30 cm in length, erect trellises using A-frame or flat trellises. Apply another 15-20 kg of compound fertilizer per mu during the initial flowering stage; during the flowering and fruiting period, water is required every 3-5 days, watering in the morning and evening during periods of high temperature. Harvest when the gourds are plump and have a bright green skin; during peak fruiting season, apply top dressing after every 1-2 harvests.

[0081] Experiment 1: Size and quality of loofah The specifications and quality of the loofahs from Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were analyzed, and the results are shown in the table below:

[0082] Note: The characters "A" and "a" in the table represent significant differences. When all data in the same column are "a", it means there is no significant difference between the two groups of data. When the data in the same column are "A" and "a" respectively, it means there is a significant difference between the two groups of data.

[0083] As can be seen from the table, the ecologically integrated cultivation of loofah in this invention results in better growth, with the weight of a single fruit far exceeding that of the loofah in Comparative Example 1 during the same period. The soluble protein and vitamin C content of the ecologically cultivated loofah in Example 1 is not significantly higher than that in Comparative Example 1, but its soluble sugar content is more than twice that of the Comparative Example, which is why the loofah soup tastes noticeably sweeter.

[0084] Experiment 2: Soil physicochemical properties The soil physicochemical properties before and after cultivation in Example 1 were measured, and the results are shown in the table below:

[0085] As can be seen from the table, the total nitrogen and available phosphorus content of the loofah field in the ecological three-dimensional farming of the present invention increases significantly after frog farming, while the total nitrogen, total potassium, available nitrogen and available potassium content decrease slightly.

[0086] Experiment 3: Economic Benefit Analysis The output value of products including loofah and frogs from the ecological three-dimensional farming plots of this invention was statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in the table below:

[0087] As can be seen from the table, the output value of integrated land vegetable farming (co-cultivation of loofah and frogs) is several times higher than that of traditional single land loofah cultivation.

[0088] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0089] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

[0090] Furthermore, various different embodiments of the present invention can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-sugar ecological three-dimensional cultivation method of cucumis sativus, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: (1) In the autumn and winter of the previous year, at least one planting and breeding area is constructed; First, a main road is constructed, and planting and breeding areas are constructed on both sides of the main road. A water channel is excavated along the long side direction in the middle of the planting and breeding area. The two sides of the water channel are the vegetable planting area, and the outside of the vegetable planting area is the feeding area. A ridge is constructed around the planting and breeding area, and a long side ridge is shared by adjacent two planting and breeding areas. A greenhouse framework is planted and inserted in the vegetable planting area, and both ends of the greenhouse framework are fixed on both sides of the water channel of adjacent two planting and breeding areas. A net enclosure and a sky net are arranged outside the ridge. (2) In late February, the planting and breeding area is disinfected by water; in mid-March to mid-April, round-headed tadpole fry is put into the planting and breeding area. (3) In early April, silk gourd seedlings are cultivated by floating seedling hole plates, and in mid-April, the silk gourd seedlings are transplanted into non-woven fabric planting bags placed in the vegetable planting area of the planting and breeding area. (4) In mid-May, the metamorphosing tadpoles and the silk gourd main vines that start to climb are managed, and the growth of the silk gourd vine is guided to form a shading shed framework. (5) In late June to September, the disease prevention and control and field management of frogs are carried out, and the silk gourd and / or frogs are harvested and sold. (6) In October, the silk gourd vines are cleaned up, and the overwintering management of frogs is carried out.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step (1), the seedling and raising plot is rectangular, with an area of 250-500 m 2 , a length-width ratio of 2:1-3:1, a water ditch width of 60-80 cm, a water ditch depth of 20-30 cm, a feeding table area width of 1.5-1.8 m, a feeding table area height of 10-15 cm above the ground, a ridge width of 50-70 cm, a ridge height of 50-70 cm above the ground level, a surrounding net being a 40-60 mesh polyethylene net, with the lower end buried in the soil by 15-20 cm and the upper end folded inward by 5-8 cm, and the overhead net being 2-2.5 m above the ground.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step (2), the water disinfection comprises: after the water in the planting and breeding area is raised by 15-20 cm, methylcyclohexane is first applied for disinfection and killing, and then 150-200 kg of quicklime per mu is uniformly sprayed; after disinfection, the water is drained and then recharged to 40-50 cm, and a 60-80 mesh filter screen is arranged at the water inlet.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step (2), the round-headed tadpole fry is put at a density of 170-200 thousand per mu, and water is tested and Vc phosphate stress-resistant agent is sprayed before the fry is put.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step (4), the management of the metamorphosing tadpoles comprises: gradually lowering the water level to expose the feeding area and the vegetable planting area, cleaning weeds, and laying a reflective film or a moisture-proof cloth in the feeding area for targeted feeding.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step (4), the guiding of the growth of the silk gourd vine specifically comprises: when the silk gourd main vine grows to 60-80 cm, the vine is timely straightened to grow towards the gourd shed framework; when the silk gourd main vine grows to 80-100 cm, an iron mesh is arranged between the greenhouse frameworks above the water channel as a support to guide the main vine to grow horizontally on the iron mesh.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step (5), the disease prevention and control comprises: bactericidal Chinese herbal medicine is mixed in the feed for prevention, the feed is reduced during high temperature, the planting and breeding area with crooked head disease is stopped feeding and disinfected and isolated, and the water temperature in the water channel is lowered by pumping underground well water or bottom water.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein, In step (3), the non-woven fabric planting bag has a width and a height of 50-60 cm, and the bottom is a mesh structure with a single mesh aperture larger than 0.8 cm.

9. A high-sugar ecological three-dimensional cultivation system for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, It comprises: at least one planting and breeding area enclosed by a ridge; a water channel arranged in the middle of the planting and breeding area; a vegetable planting area located on both sides of the water channel; a feeding area located outside the vegetable planting area and inside the ridge; a net enclosure installed on the inside of the ridge; A plurality of greenhouse skeletons are planted in the vegetable planting area, and two ends of each greenhouse skeleton are fixed on both sides of the water ditch of two adjacent planting and breeding areas; A net is arranged above the whole planting and breeding system; A non-woven fabric planting bag is arranged in the vegetable planting area and close to the greenhouse skeleton; A support net is arranged above the water ditch and between adjacent greenhouse skeletons.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein, The support net is a wire mesh.

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