Simple and efficient sugarcane seedling cultivation and temporary planting method

Abstract

The invention discloses a simple and efficient sugarcane seedling cultivation and heeling-in method. The method comprises the steps of seedbed preparation, matrix mixing, sowing, seedling stage management, heeling-in and management after heeling-in. According to the method, the adopted matrix formula raw materials are few and extremely easy to obtain, and cost saving and simple and labor-saving operation can be achieved while the requirements of seedling growth and development for matrix water retention, ventilation and nutrition can be met; the seed germination rate, the seedling survival rate, the heeling-in seedling survival rate and the field transplanting survival rate are improved through scientific sowing and seedling stage management, formation of large-scale full seedlings and strong seedlings is facilitated, and a large number of high-quality seedling sources can be provided for character investigation, screening and identification work of new sugarcane lines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of sugarcane cultivation, specifically a simple and efficient method for cultivating and transplanting sugarcane seedlings. Background Technology

[0002] Sugarcane is a major sugar crop in my country. Sexual hybridization is the most important and effective method for sugarcane breeding. However, highly heterozygous alloaneuploids make the genetic background and phenotypic segregation of sugarcane progeny extremely complex. Therefore, large-scale hybrid progeny populations with multiple combinations are needed to increase the probability of selecting superior varieties. Hybrid seeds also need to undergo sowing and germination, seedling transplanting, and field planting of strong seedlings, followed by evaluation and identification of hybrid seedlings. After comparison, regional trials, and production demonstrations, new sugarcane varieties can be developed. The seedling selection process takes a long time from sowing to field planting. Unscientific planting and management can easily lead to weak seedlings, resulting in poor performance after transplanting to the field, which seriously affects the investigation and screening of new lines. The relatively complex substrate ratios, seedbed construction, and complex seedling management methods significantly increase the workload and difficulty, hindering large-scale hybridization breeding. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a simple and efficient method for cultivating and transplanting sugarcane seedlings, comprising the following steps.

[0004] (1) Preparation of seedling bed: The seedling basket is made of 8-15mm thick wooden board, plastic or metal sheet splicing, 50-80cm long, 40-60cm wide and 8-15cm high, with 2-4 evenly cut 1-3mm gaps at the bottom. The seedling frame is set on a stainless steel seedling bed or raised on a leveled greenhouse floor using bricks or other materials.

[0005] (2) Substrate mixing: a. The ratio of seedling substrate is coconut coir: peat moss = 7.5 ~ 8.5 : 2.5 ~ 1.5, and it is filled to 4 / 5 of the seedling basket; b. The ratio of substrate for transplanted seedlings is organic fertilizer: coconut coir: peat moss: lateritic red soil (after passing through an 8~16 mesh sieve) = 0.6 ~ 1.2 : 1.5 ~ 2.6 : 0.8 ~ 1.3 : 5.5 ~ 6.5, and 50-cell trays are selected and filled to the same level as the trays.

[0006] (3) Sowing: 30 minutes before sowing, spray the seedbed with water containing 20% ​​to 30% of the saturated substrate moisture content. Gently tap the fluffy seeds to loosen them, then use a 25-35cm long bamboo stick (or metal, plastic, or glass) to loosen them and spread them evenly over the substrate in the seedling basket. The sowing density is determined based on the seed germination rate and is between 1200 and 2000 seedlings / m². 2Next, cover the substrate evenly with 1-2 mm of fine soil that has passed through a 16-32 mesh screen, and then spray the substrate with water containing 60%-70% saturated moisture using a misting nozzle or fine sprinkler.

[0007] (4) Seedling management: The temperature inside the greenhouse is controlled at 24~30℃. Select seedling baskets with moderate growth and replenish water to all seedling baskets according to the difference in their weight. Water them 1~2 times a day to maintain the substrate saturated moisture content at 70%~90%. Use a relatively concentrated misting nozzle or fine sprayer to keep the environment around the seedling baskets relatively dry.

[0008] (5) Temporary planting: Construct a temporary planting bed (rectangular simple pool) 3-5cm high using 32-50mm diameter pipes and bricks on a seedbed or flat ground. Lay a 6-10mm plastic film over the bottom and sides. The length and width of the pool depend on the flatness of the ground, ensuring that the water level difference between the highest and lowest points does not exceed 0.8cm. When the seedlings reach the 3-4 true leaf stage, remove them from the seedling frame, trim the leaves to a length of 5-10cm, trim the roots to a length of 3-5cm, and gently compact the substrate in a 50-cell tray. Then, neatly place the trays into the simple pool.

[0009] (6) Post-planting management: Maintain the water level in the simple water tank between 1 / 3 and 4 / 5 of the height of the seedling tray, and drain the water promptly during rainy days. When the leaves are fully green and have grown normally to 8-12cm, apply 17-17-17 NPK balanced compound fertilizer at a rate of 4.5-8g / m². 2 Spray chlorantraniliprole on the leaves every 7 days, depending on the weather and insect infestation, every 5 days. Once the plants reach a height of 12-20cm and their roots have covered the entire seedling tray and firmly gripped the substrate, drain the water from the transplanting bed and harden the seedlings for 24-48 hours before transplanting them into the field.

[0010] As a preferred option, the seedling basket is made of 10mm thick wooden board, with a length × width × height of 65cm × 50cm × 12cm, and three 2mm slits at the bottom.

[0011] As a preferred option, the seedling substrate ratio is coconut coir: peat moss = 8:2, and the transplanting seedling substrate ratio is organic fertilizer: coconut coir: peat moss: lateritic red soil (latysodium sieving through a 12-mesh sieve) = 1:2:1:6.

[0012] As a preferred option, the irrigation amount in step (3) is 25% of the saturated moisture content of the sprayed substrate 30 minutes before sowing and 65% of the saturated moisture content of the sprayed substrate after covering with soil. Fine soil that has passed through a 24-mesh sieve is used to cover the seeds, with a covering thickness of 1-2 mm.

[0013] As a preferred option, in step (4), the upper and lower limits of water replenishment are controlled at 70%~90% of the saturated moisture content of the substrate, and the temperature inside the greenhouse is controlled at 24~30℃.

[0014] As a preferred option, the standard for transplanting seedlings is when they have 3-4 true leaves. The transplanted seedlings should be pruned so that the leaves are 6-8 cm long and the roots are 4 cm long.

[0015] As a preferred option, in step (6), the water level of the temporary seedbed is controlled to be 1 / 3 to 4 / 5 of the height of the seedling tray. The standard for removing the temporary seedlings is that the plant height is 15-18cm and the roots are fully distributed in the seedling tray. After draining and hardening the seedlings for 36 hours, the seedlings are removed.

[0016] The substrate ratio and operation method selected in this invention are conducive to the formation of uniform and strong seedlings, reducing the workload and thus realizing large-scale seedling cultivation; the raw materials used in this invention are all the most common materials on the market.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The size of the seedling basket of the present invention takes into account the convenience of manual operation of sowing and seedling management, and the height takes into account the root development before transplanting. The substrate is filled to 4 / 5 in the seedling basket and will drop to 3 / 4 after watering. The seedling basket with a height of 12cm can ensure that the substrate height of 9cm is sufficient for root growth. When the seedlings are transplanted at the 3 true leaf stage, the root system is about 5~7cm. If the height is too low, the root growth space is small and it is not conducive to the formation of strong seedlings; if the height is too high, the amount of substrate used will increase and the cost of seedling raising will increase.

[0018] (2) The substrate raw materials used in this invention are the most readily available coconut coir, peat moss, organic fertilizer and lateritic red soil. The formula is simple and clear, which greatly reduces the workload of substrate mixing and raw material acquisition costs while ensuring the germination rate and the formation of strong seedlings, and is conducive to supporting large-scale hybrid seedling cultivation.

[0019] (3) The sowing density in this invention is strictly calculated according to the seed germination rate. Under the premise of avoiding vicious competition caused by excessively small seedling spacing, which would affect the growth and development of the transplanted seedlings, the resources invested in seedling cultivation are fully utilized. After sowing, the use of sieved fine soil to cover the seeds can ensure that the seeds are firmly planted and that they are not completely buried, thus allowing them to fully absorb water and breathe, which is conducive to rapid seed germination.

[0020] (4) In this invention, the substrate moisture during sowing and seedling stage is controlled at 70%~90% instead of being completely soaked. This is because in the subtropical region, under the characteristics of high temperature and high humidity, we try to reduce the humidity of the surrounding environment while ensuring the water supply of seedlings, thereby reducing or avoiding the occurrence of pests and diseases and the use of pesticides (pesticides are easy to cause pesticide damage when applied to seedlings).

[0021] (5) The temporary planting bed in this invention is a simple water pool constructed on a leveled ground using pipes, plastic sheeting, and brick frames. The materials are readily available, inexpensive, and easy to operate. Since the seedling trays containing the temporary planting seedlings are placed directly in the simple water pool, the water level is maintained between 1 / 3 and 4 / 5 of the height of the seedling tray, which can both satisfy the root system's water absorption and ensure root respiration.

[0022] (6) The transplanting time in this invention is set at the 3-4 true leaf stage because if the time is too early, the seedlings will not be strong enough, and if the time is too late, the roots will become intertwined, which is not conducive to the division of transplanted seedlings, and excessive growth will affect the survival rate of transplanted seedlings. The standard for transplanting seedlings is that the seedlings are 15-18cm tall and the roots cover the seedling tray. After drainage and hardening for about 24-48 hours, the seedlings are transplanted. At this time, it is ensured that the roots are closely connected with the substrate soil. Combined with hardening, the survival rate of transplanted seedlings after transplanting can be greatly improved. Implementation

[0023] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific examples, but the examples used are not limited to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Table 1. Comparison of key features between comparative examples and embodiments Key Points Comparison Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Step 1 The seedling basket is made of 12mm thick wooden board, with a length × width × height of 70cm × 50cm × 12cm. There are three 2mm slits at the bottom, which are placed on the seedbed. The seedling basket is made of 12mm thick wooden board, with a length × width × height of 70cm × 50cm × 12cm. There are three 2mm slits at the bottom, which are placed on the seedbed. The seedling basket is made of 12mm thick wooden board, with a length × width × height of 70cm × 50cm × 12cm. There are three 2mm slits at the bottom, which are placed on the seedbed. The seedling basket is made of 12mm thick wooden board, with a length × width × height of 70cm × 50cm × 12cm. There are three 2mm slits at the bottom, which are placed on the seedbed. The seedling basket is made of 12mm thick wooden board, with a length × width × height of 70cm × 50cm × 12cm. There are three 2mm slits at the bottom, which are placed on the seedbed. Step 2 The seedling substrate ratio is coconut coir: peat moss = 9:1, and the transplanting seedling substrate ratio is organic fertilizer: coconut coir: peat moss: lateritic red soil (passed through a 10-mesh sieve) = 0.5:1:0.5:8. The seedling substrate ratio is coconut coir: peat moss = 6:4, and the transplanting seedling substrate ratio is organic fertilizer: coconut coir: peat moss: lateritic red soil (passed through a 14-mesh sieve) = 2:2:2:4. The seedling substrate ratio is coconut coir: peat moss = 8:2, and the transplanting seedling substrate ratio is organic fertilizer: coconut coir: peat moss: lateritic red soil (passed through a 12-mesh sieve) = 1:2:1:6. The seedling substrate ratio is coconut coir: peat moss = 8:2, and the transplanting seedling substrate ratio is organic fertilizer: coconut coir: peat moss: lateritic red soil (passed through a 10-mesh sieve) = 1:2:1:6. The seedling substrate ratio is coconut coir: peat moss = 7:3, and the transplanting seedling substrate ratio is organic fertilizer: coconut coir: peat moss: lateritic red soil (passed through a 14-mesh sieve) = 1.5: 1.5: 2:5. Step 3 The sowing density is determined based on the seed germination rate as 1200-2000 seedlings / m2. Use fine soil that has passed through a 24-mesh sieve to cover the seeds, with a covering thickness of 3-4mm. Water thoroughly after covering with soil. The sowing density is determined based on the seed germination rate as 1200-2000 seedlings / m2. Use fine soil that has passed through a 24-mesh sieve to cover the seeds, with a covering thickness of 2-3mm. Water thoroughly after covering with soil. The sowing density is determined based on the seed germination rate, at 1200-2000 seedlings / m2. 30 minutes before sowing, spray the substrate with water to 25% of its saturated moisture content, and after covering with soil, spray the substrate with water to 65% of its saturated moisture content. Cover the seeds with fine soil that has passed through a 24-mesh sieve, with a covering thickness of 1-2 mm. The sowing density is determined based on the seed germination rate as 1200~2000 seedlings / m2. One hour before sowing, the substrate is sprayed with water at 40% saturation moisture content, and the substrate covering thickness is 2~3mm. After sowing, the substrate is sprayed with water at 60% saturation moisture content. The sowing density is determined based on the seed germination rate as 1200~2000 seedlings / m2. Water thoroughly 10 hours before sowing and cover with substrate to a thickness of 3~4mm. Step 4 The temperature inside the greenhouse is controlled at 24~30℃, and the substrate is sprayed once in the morning and once in the afternoon every day to keep it moist. The temperature inside the greenhouse is controlled at 24~30℃, and the substrate is sprayed once in the morning and once in the afternoon every day to keep it moist. The temperature inside the greenhouse is controlled at 24~30℃. Water is added according to the weight difference of the seedling baskets with moderate growth, 1~2 times a day, to maintain the substrate saturation moisture content at 70%~90%. The temperature inside the greenhouse should be controlled at 24~30℃. On sunny days, water thoroughly once in the morning and once in the afternoon, and on cloudy days, water thoroughly once at noon. The temperature inside the greenhouse is controlled at 24~30℃, and the substrate is sprayed once in the morning and once in the afternoon every day to keep it moist. Step 5 Construct a temporary planting bed using 32-pipe, brick, and 8-mil thick plastic film, ensuring that the water level difference between the highest and lowest points does not exceed 0.8cm. Remove seedlings with 3 true leaves, insert them into the substrate in 32-cell trays, gently compact the substrate, and place them in the water pool. Construct a temporary planting bed using 32 pipes, bricks, and 8-mil thick plastic film, ensuring that the water level difference between the highest and lowest points does not exceed 0.8cm. Remove seedlings with 3 true leaves, insert them into the substrate of 72-cell trays, gently compact them, and place them in the water pool. Construct a temporary planting bed using 32mm pipes, bricks, and 8mm thick plastic film, ensuring that the water level difference between the highest and lowest points does not exceed 0.8cm. For seedlings with 3 true leaves, retain 6-8cm of leaf length and 3-5cm of root length. Insert the seedlings into the substrate in 50-cell trays, gently compact the substrate, and place them in the water pool. Construct a temporary planting bed using 32mm pipes, bricks, and 8mm thick plastic film, ensuring that the water level difference between the highest and lowest points does not exceed 0.8cm. For seedlings with 3 true leaves, retain 6-8cm of leaf length and 3-5cm of root length. Insert the seedlings into the substrate in 50-cell trays, gently compact the substrate, and place them in the water pool. Construct a temporary planting bed using 32mm pipes, bricks, and 8mm thick plastic film, ensuring that the water level difference between the highest and lowest points does not exceed 0.8cm. For seedlings with 3 true leaves, retain 6-8cm of leaf length and 3-5cm of root length. Insert the seedlings into the substrate in 50-cell trays, gently compact the substrate, and place them in the water pool. Step 6 Maintain the water level in the simple water tank at 1 / 2 to the top of the seedling tray, and drain the water promptly during rainy days. Once the seedlings reach a height of 15-18cm and their roots have covered the entire seedling tray and firmly gripped the substrate, drain all water from the seedbed and harden the seedlings for 24 hours before transplanting them into the field. Maintain the water level in the simple water tank at 1 / 2 to the bottom of the seedling tray, and drain the water promptly during rainy days. Once the seedlings reach a height of 15-18cm and their roots have covered the entire seedling tray and firmly gripped the substrate, drain the water from the seedbed and harden the seedlings for 48 hours before transplanting them to the field. Maintain the water level in the simple water tank at 2 / 5 to 3 / 5 of the height of the seedling tray, and drain the water promptly during rainy days. Once the seedlings reach a height of 15-18cm and their roots have covered the entire seedling tray and firmly gripped the substrate, drain the water from the seedbed and harden the seedlings for 36 hours before transplanting them into the field. Maintain the water level in the simple water tank at 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 of the height of the seedling tray, and drain the water promptly during rainy days. Once the seedlings reach a height of 15-18cm and their roots have covered the entire seedling tray and firmly gripped the substrate, drain the water from the seedbed and harden the seedlings for 30 hours before transplanting them into the field. Maintain the water level in the simple water tank at about 1 / 3 to 4 / 5 of the height of the seedling tray, and drain the water promptly during rainy days. Once the seedlings reach a height of 15-18cm and their roots have covered the entire seedling tray and firmly gripped the substrate, drain the water from the seedbed and harden the seedlings for 44 hours before transplanting them into the field.

[0025] The characteristics of the transplanted seedlings in the examples and comparative examples, mainly including emergence rate, leaf area index, plant height, root length density, survival rate of transplanted seedlings, stem diameter, and survival rate after transplanting to the field, were investigated and analyzed. The results showed that the plant height, leaf area index, root length density, and stem diameter in the comparative example were significantly lower than those in the examples, indicating that the substrate ratio and management methods outside the protected area were not conducive to the formation of strong seedlings. Although they reduced the emergence rate and the survival rate of transplanted seedlings, they had little impact on the survival rate after transplanting to the field (see Table 2 for details).

[0026] Table 2. Survey of seedling condition after transplanting

[0027] The main reasons why the comparative examples are not as good as the examples are: (1) The matrix ratio protection range of the present invention patent used in the examples can achieve the balance of structure and nutrition. The appropriate ratio of coconut coir and peat moss is conducive to improving the matrix structure components and increasing its aeration and water retention performance. Too little organic fertilizer and too much red soil restrict the nutrient supply. Too much organic fertilizer and too little red soil both affect the growth and development of the root system and are not conducive to hardening and seedling raising. (2) The examples control water according to the substrate moisture content or control water in combination with weather changes, which is conducive to ensuring the photosynthesis and root respiration of seedlings and preventing excessive growth. At the same time, the humidity of the surrounding environment is reduced, which reduces the adverse effects that may be brought about by the use of pesticides for seedling diseases and pests. This is the main reason why the plant height, leaf area index, root length density and stem diameter are as follows: Example 1 > Example 2 > Example 3 > Comparative Examples 1 and 2. (3) The use of 72-hole or 32-hole seedling trays and the water control method of 1 / 2 to flat top or 1 / 2 to flat bottom of the seedling tray height all result in the reduction of stem diameter of the transplanted seedlings due to the limited water and air balance in the root zone, which is not conducive to the formation of strong seedlings. .

Claims

1. A simple and efficient sugarcane seedling cultivation and transplanting method, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: (1) seedling bed preparation: the seedling basket is spliced by 8-15 mm thick wood board, plastic or metal board, 50-80 cm long, 40-60 cm wide, 8-15 cm high, and 1-3 mm gap is evenly opened at the bottom of the basket; the seedling frame is set on the stainless steel seedling bed or is set on the flat greenhouse ground by using bricks and other materials; (2) substrate mixing: a. the seedling substrate is mixed in a ratio of 7.5-8.5:2.5-1.5 of coconut husk: peat soil, and is filled to 4 / 5 of the seedling basket; b. the seedling substrate is mixed in a ratio of 0.6-1.2:1.5-2.6:0.8-1.3:5.5-6.5 of organic fertilizer: coconut husk: peat soil: laterite (red soil is screened through an 8-16 mesh screen), and is filled to the level of the hole tray; (3) sowing: 30 min before sowing, the seedling bed is sprayed with water with a substrate saturated water content of 20%-30%, the flocculent seeds are lightly and softly bounced to be fluffy, then a 25-35 cm long bamboo (or metal, plastic or glass) stick is used to spread the seeds, the seeds are evenly spread on the substrate of the seedling basket, the sowing density is determined to be 1,200-2,000 seedlings / m 2 , then the fine soil screened through a 16-32 mesh screen is evenly covered to a thickness of 1-2 mm, and the substrate is sprayed with water with a substrate saturated water content of 60%-70% by using an atomizing nozzle or a fine shower nozzle; (4) seedling stage management: the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 24-30 DEG C, the seedling baskets with moderate growth potential are selected, the weight difference of the seedling baskets is used as a reference to supplement water, the substrate saturated water content is maintained to be 70%-90%, the concentrated atomizing nozzle or the fine shower nozzle is used for spraying, and the surrounding environment of the seedling basket is kept relatively dry; (5) transplanting: a 32-50 caliber pipe and a brick frame are used to form a 3-5 cm high seedling bed (a rectangular simple water pool) on the seedling bed or flat ground, and 6-10 silk plastic films are used to cover the bottom and the periphery of the seedling bed. The length and width of the water pool are determined according to the flatness of the ground, and the water level difference between the highest point and the lowest point is less than 0.8 cm. When the seedlings enter the 3-4 true leaf stage, the seedlings are taken out of the seedling frame, the leaves are trimmed to a length of 5-10 cm, the roots are trimmed to a length of 3-5 cm, the seedlings are moved into the 50-hole hole tray substrate and are gently compacted, and then the hole trays are neatly placed in the simple water pool; (6) post-transplanting management: the water level of the simple water pool is controlled to be 1 / 3 to 4 / 5 of the height of the hole tray, and the water is drained in time on rainy days. When the leaves are green and full, and grow normally to 8-12 cm, 4.5-8 g / m 2 of 17-17-17 NPK balanced compound fertilizer is applied, the application interval is 7 days, chlorantraniliprole is sprayed on the leaves according to the weather and insect conditions, and the application interval is 5 days. When the plant height is 12-20 cm and the roots are firmly embedded in the whole hole tray, the water in the seedling bed is drained, the seedlings are hardened for 24-48 h, and the seedlings are transplanted in the field.

2. The simple and efficient sugarcane seedling cultivation and transplanting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seedling basket is made of 8-15mm thick wood board, plastic or metal board, 50-80cm long, 40-60cm wide, 8-15cm high, and 1-3mm gap is evenly opened on the bottom.

3. The simple and efficient sugarcane seedling cultivation and transplanting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio of coconut husk to peat soil is 7.5-8.5:2.5-1.5, and the seedling basket is filled to 4 / 5.

4. The simple and efficient sugarcane seedling cultivation and transplanting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio of organic fertilizer to coconut husk to peat soil to laterite (red soil over 8-16 mesh) is 0.6-1.2:1.5-2.6:0.8-1.3:5.5-6.5, and 50-hole plug tray is selected and filled to the flat hole.

5. The simple and efficient sugarcane seedling cultivation and transplanting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seeding density is determined according to the germination rate of different hybrid seeds, and ranges from 1200 to 2000 seedlings per square meter 2 30 minutes before sowing, the substrate is sprayed with 20% to 30% of the saturated water content, and the seeds are gently puffed and then spread with a 25 to 35 cm long bamboo (or metal, plastic, glass) stick, evenly spread on the substrate of the seedling basket, covered with 16 to 32 mesh fine soil, and then sprayed with a misting nozzle or fine shower to 60% to 70% of the saturated water content of the substrate.

6. The simple and efficient sugarcane seedling cultivation and transplanting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Seedling is transplanted at the stage of 3-4 true leaves, and the length of leaf and root is trimmed to 5-10cm and 3-5cm respectively.

7. The simple and efficient sugarcane seedling cultivation and transplanting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seedling bed is a simple rectangular pool made of pipes, bricks and plastic cloth, and the water level difference between the highest and lowest parts is not more than 0.8cm, and the water level is controlled at 1 / 3 to 4 / 5 of the height of the plug tray after transplanting, and the water is drained in time in rainy days.

8. The simple and efficient sugarcane seedling cultivation and transplanting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the leaves are full and green, the plant height is 12-20cm, and the root system is spread throughout the plug tray and firmly holds the substrate, the water in the seedling bed is drained, the seedlings are hardened for 24-48h, and then transplanted to the field.

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