Lily cultivation method using Chinese rose waste carbonized product to synergistically reduce application of chemical fertilizer

Abstract

The invention discloses a lily cultivation method using Chinese rose waste carbonized products to synergistically reduce application of chemical fertilizers, and relates to the technical field of gardening cultivation, and the method comprises the following specific steps: pretreating collected Chinese rose whole plant waste, removing impurities, cutting, air-drying, and sealing and storing; filling a carbonization furnace with the mixture, carrying out gradient heating carbonization, crushing and sieving to obtain biochar, and sealing and storing the biochar; deeply ploughing the plot, mixing biochar in proportion, and reducing application of chemical fertilizer to prepare a matrix; then disinfecting the lily bulbs, performing field planting according to a certain plant row spacing, and performing thorough watering; drip irrigation, precise topdressing, manual weeding, comprehensive pest control, environment regulation and control and growth index monitoring are adopted in the final growth period; according to the method, the biological carbon prepared from the Chinese rose waste is used for lily cultivation, resource utilization is achieved, pollution is reduced, a cultivation system is constructed by integrating key links, all the links synergistically eliminate growth limitation and improve site conditions, an efficient and stable path is provided for lily cultivation, and high-quality, efficient and sustainable development of the industry is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of horticultural cultivation technology, specifically to a method for cultivating lilies that uses carbonized products from rose waste to synergistically reduce the application of chemical fertilizers. Background Technology

[0002] In the horticulture industry, the amount of various plant wastes generated continues to increase. If these wastes are not properly disposed of, they will not only lead to resource waste but may also cause environmental problems. At the same time, as a widely cultivated horticultural crop, the high-quality growth of lilies requires high standards for the physicochemical properties of the cultivation substrate and the stability of nutrient supply. In traditional horticulture, the large-scale use of chemical fertilizers is an important means of ensuring crop yields, but long-term reliance on chemical fertilizers will bring a series of ecological challenges. The resource utilization of plant waste has become an important direction for green agricultural development. Transforming horticultural waste into functional substrate components and applying them to crop cultivation can not only reduce and recycle waste but also improve the soil environment, meeting the current needs of sustainable agricultural development. The research and application of related technologies have received widespread attention in the industry, providing new ideas for high-quality and efficient lily cultivation.

[0003] In traditional lily cultivation, there is a lack of effective means to handle plant waste. Most waste is directly discarded or simply treated, failing to fully realize its resource value, resulting in resource waste and increased environmental burden. In terms of soil improvement, traditional methods rely heavily on single soil conditioners, which are insufficient to comprehensively optimize the soil's overall performance in terms of fertilizer and water retention, nutrient supply, etc., and cannot provide stable and suitable site conditions for lily growth. In terms of fertilizer use, long-term excessive application not only leads to soil degradation and reduces nutrient utilization efficiency, but may also cause agricultural non-point source pollution and affect the ecological environment. In addition, there is a lack of coordination among various links in traditional cultivation. Measures such as bulb treatment, water control, and pest and disease control are not targeted enough and it is difficult to form a systematic cultivation system. This results in poor uniformity of lily growth, insufficient stress resistance, unstable flowering quality and ornamental effect, and an inability to balance cultivation benefits and ecological benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a method for lily cultivation that uses the carbonized products of rose waste in conjunction with reduced fertilizer application. The method involves the following steps: raw material pretreatment, biochar preparation, cultivation substrate preparation, lily bulb planting, and comprehensive management during the growth period. By converting rose waste into functional biochar, mixing it with soil, and reducing fertilizer application, the method optimizes the properties of the cultivation substrate. Simultaneously, it incorporates standardized bulb disinfection, precision drip irrigation, phased topdressing, and integrated pest management measures. This approach not only solves the problem of rose waste disposal but also improves the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity, reducing reliance on chemical fertilizers and environmental pressure. This method achieves an organic unity of resource recycling, ecological protection, and lily cultivation benefits, constructing a highly efficient and stable cultivation system. It provides practical technical support for large-scale, green lily cultivation and possesses both ecological value and industrial promotion significance.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for lily cultivation that synergistically reduces fertilizer application by utilizing carbonized products from rose waste, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0006] S1, Raw material pretreatment: Collect whole rose plant waste, manually sort to remove non-rose components and impurities, cut into 5-10cm uniform small sections, air dry in a well-ventilated, cool and rain-sheltered place until the moisture content is less than 15%, and store in a sealed container.

[0007] S2, Preparation of rose biochar: The pretreated raw material is filled into a closed superheated steam carbonization furnace and carbonized by gradient heating. After cooling, it is crushed and passed through a 2mm sieve. After the physicochemical indicators meet the standards, it is sealed and stored.

[0008] S3, Cultivation substrate preparation: Select a suitable plot and plow it to a depth of 10cm. Calculate the soil weight and mix rose biochar at a ratio of 1%-2% of the soil weight. Test the indicators after the substrate has matured.

[0009] S4, Planting of lily bulbs: Select qualified lily bulbs, disinfect them, and plant them in the prepared substrate at a spacing of 20cm×20cm. Water thoroughly to settle the roots.

[0010] S5, Growth Period Management: Drip irrigation is used to maintain soil moisture, precise topdressing is applied in stages, weeding is done manually, and pests and diseases are controlled by physical, biological and chemical methods. The cultivation environment is regulated and growth indicators are monitored according to the preset cycle.

[0011] Furthermore, the rose plant waste includes pruned branch fragments with a diameter ≤3cm, waste flower branches with leaves after floral processing, withered flowers, and intact root systems discarded from seedling cultivation. The waste is sorted and pre-processed within 24 hours of collection. Manual sorting adopts a two-stage mode of primary selection and secondary selection. Primary selection removes impurities with a particle size ≥1cm, and secondary selection removes fine mud and sand through a 5mm aperture sieve. The final raw material purity is ≥98%. If rinsing is required after sorting, it is rinsed with running water for ≤3 minutes, drained of surface moisture, and then cut.

[0012] Furthermore, the sealed superheated steam carbonization furnace is an LTC-50 type with an effective volume of 50L. The inner liner is made of 304 stainless steel, and the temperature control accuracy is ±0.5℃. The gradient heating program is as follows: the temperature is increased from room temperature to 150℃ at a rate of 5℃ / min and held at that temperature for 1 hour, and then increased to 300℃ at a rate of 5℃ / min. Superheated steam with a purity of ≥99% and a temperature of 180-200℃ is introduced throughout the process. The furnace pressure is maintained at 0.1-0.2MPa, with a pressure fluctuation range of ≤±0.02MPa. Temperature and pressure data are recorded every 15 minutes.

[0013] Furthermore, the physicochemical indicators of the rose biochar are determined as follows: total potassium content is determined by flame photometry; water-soluble potassium is determined by flame photometry after ammonium acetate extraction; cation exchange capacity is determined by ammonium acetate exchange method; surface functional groups are detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; and specific surface area is determined by nitrogen adsorption method. The compliance standards are: total potassium content ≥ 49000 mg / kg, water-soluble potassium content ≥ 12995 mg / kg, cation exchange capacity ≥ 34 cmol / kg, and specific surface area 0.32–1.16 m². 2 / g.

[0014] Furthermore, the soil type of the cultivation plot is loam or sandy loam, with loam containing 20%-30% sand and 20%-30% clay, and sandy loam containing 50%-70% sand and 10%-20% clay. The soil pH is 5.0-6.0, and the previous crop has not been planted with lily family crops for ≥2 years. The drainage slope is 3°-5°. The soil bulk density is measured at 100cm³. 3 Five sampling points at a depth of 10 cm were selected using a ring cutter in a quincunx pattern. Stones and roots with a particle size ≥0.5 cm were removed from the soil samples. After drying to constant weight, the bulk density was calculated, and the average value was taken with an error ≤±0.05 g / cm³. 3 .

[0015] Furthermore, the deep tillage is carried out using a 1GS-100 rotary tiller, with a shallow tillage speed of 2km / h and a depth of 5cm, and a deep tillage speed of 1.5km / h and a depth of 10±0.5cm. After deep tillage, the soil particle size is ≤2cm. The rose biochar is weighed using an electronic scale with an accuracy of 0.01kg and spread using a backpack fertilizer spreader at a speed of 1km / h, with a spread uniformity variation coefficient ≤10%. Afterward, the soil is tilled once in the north-south direction and once in the east-west direction using a rotary tiller, with a tillage depth of 10±0.5cm. After mixing, the biochar distribution variation coefficient is ≤8%.

[0016] Furthermore, the lily bulbs are double-flowered lily bulbs weighing 50-60g each, with a bulb diameter ≥5cm, an eye length ≥0.5cm, and a surface area ≥0.2cm². 2 For moldy spots, the root length should be ≥3cm and the number of intact roots should be ≥5, and the coefficient of variation of size uniformity should be ≤8%. For disinfection, soak the roots in a 500-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 10-15 minutes, stirring once every 5 minutes. After soaking, air dry the roots in a ventilated environment with a speed of 0.2-0.3m / s for 2-3 hours until there are no obvious water droplets on the surface.

[0017] Furthermore, the drip irrigation system adopts the DJ-100 automatic control drip irrigation system. Each cultivation unit is equipped with two soil moisture sensors with a depth of 10cm and an accuracy of ±1%. The response time of the sensor in conjunction with the controller is ≤5 seconds. Under normal circumstances, irrigation is carried out for 20-30 minutes every 3-5 days. When the temperature exceeds 30℃, irrigation is carried out for 30-40 minutes every 2-3 days. Irrigation is stopped when the daily rainfall is ≥10mm during cloudy or rainy weather. The soil moisture at a depth of 10cm is maintained at 20%-25%. The drip irrigation pipes and drippers are cleaned once a month.

[0018] Furthermore, in the aforementioned pest and disease control, physical control measures include enclosing the cultivation area with 40-mesh nylon insect-proof netting. The netting should be 1.5m high and buried in the soil at a depth of ≥20cm, with netting applied every 10m. 2 Hang a 20cm x 30cm yellow or blue insect-attracting board at a height of 1m and replace it monthly. For biological control, starting 15 days after planting, spray with a 500-fold dilution of 1 billion CFU / g Bacillus subtilis wettable powder every 20 days, at a dosage of 100mL / m². 2 Spray three times consecutively.

[0019] Furthermore, the growth monitoring involves randomly selecting 10 sample plants from each cultivation unit and marking them with red paint, measuring them every 7 days; plant height is measured using a tape measure with an accuracy of 0.1cm to measure the vertical distance from the ground to the growth point; stem diameter is measured using a vernier caliper with an accuracy of 0.01mm to measure the diameter 5cm above the base; the number of flower buds is recorded as the number of visible flower buds with a diameter ≥0.5cm; the flowering period is recorded as the length of the flower buds and the flowering time; and relevant indicators for vase arrangement are monitored after the flowers are cut.

[0020] Compared with existing technologies, this method for cultivating lilies by synergistically reducing fertilizer application using carbonized rose waste products has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] I. This invention achieves resource utilization of waste by converting rose waste into biochar and applying it to lily cultivation, reducing resource waste and idleness. The biochar is deeply integrated with the soil, optimizing soil physicochemical properties and enhancing soil fertility and water retention. At the same time, it is combined with a fertilizer reduction strategy to reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers and reduce the risk of agricultural non-point source pollution. This model not only provides reasonable disposal of waste but also improves the cultivation substrate environment, providing a balanced and stable nutrient supply for lily growth, promoting healthy plant development, enhancing its own stress resistance, and reducing the impact of adverse factors during growth. Through the organic combination of resource recycling and cultivation production, it balances ecological and cultivation benefits, alleviates the contradiction between resource waste and environmental pressure in traditional cultivation, promotes the development of agricultural production towards a green and circular direction, and provides a feasible path for the application of waste resource utilization in horticultural cultivation.

[0022] II. This invention integrates key aspects such as raw material processing, biochar preparation, substrate formulation, planting standards, and comprehensive management throughout the growth period to construct a comprehensive and coordinated lily cultivation system. From waste conversion to soil improvement, and then to bulb treatment, water regulation, nutrient supply, and pest and disease control, each link is closely connected and works synergistically to eliminate limiting factors in the lily growth process. The application of biochar and precise cultivation management measures complement each other to improve the site conditions for lily growth, promote root expansion and nutrient absorption, enhance plant growth uniformity and flowering quality, and extend the ornamental period. At the same time, it reduces resource consumption and environmental pressure in the production process, providing an efficient and stable technical path for lily cultivation, helping the cultivation industry move towards a high-quality, efficient, and sustainable direction, taking into account both economic benefits and industrial development potential, and providing new ideas for high-quality cultivation of horticultural crops.

[0023] Other advantages, objectives and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination or study, or may be learned from the practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 Flowchart of a lily cultivation method that uses carbonized rose waste products to synergistically reduce fertilizer application;

[0026] Figure 2 A comparison chart of the physical properties (bulk density / porosity) of the soil used for lily cultivation in different treatment groups;

[0027] Figure 3 A comparison chart of soil nutrient (total nitrogen / available phosphorus / available potassium) content in different treatment groups for lily cultivation.

[0028] Figure 4 The graph shows the changes in lily growth indicators at different growth stages (51 days / 76 days / 103 days) in different treatment groups;

[0029] Figure 5 A comparison of the relative abundance of soil pathogens in lily cultivation under different treatment groups;

[0030] Figure 6 A comparison of the carotenoid to chlorophyll ratio in lily leaves from different treatment groups;

[0031] Figure 7 A comparison chart of vase life and decay rate of cut lilies in different treatment groups;

[0032] Figure 8 A comparison chart of total potassium content and quality indicators in lily bulbs from different treatment groups. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided below.

[0034] Example 1:

[0035] Example of large-scale cultivation of double-flowered lilies in sandy loam soil.

[0036] I. Implementation steps, such as Figure 1 As shown:

[0037] (a) Raw material pretreatment:

[0038] Waste Collection: We collect whole rose plant waste from large-scale flower cultivation bases and floristry processing plants, including healthy pruned branches, discarded flower branches with intact leaves, naturally withered flowers, and intact root systems discarded from seedling cultivation. After collection, the waste is transported to the pre-processing workshop within 24 hours to prevent mold growth from accumulation.

[0039] Sorting and Purification: A two-stage sorting system consisting of manual initial selection and mechanical secondary selection is adopted. Manual initial selection removes large non-rose impurities such as stones, plastic film, and metal fragments; mechanical secondary selection uses a drum screen to separate fine mud and sand and dead leaf debris to ensure the purity of the raw materials meets the standards. Some raw materials with dust attached are rinsed with running water and the visible moisture on the surface is quickly drained.

[0040] Cutting and air drying: The purified rose waste is fed into an electric cutter and cut into uniform small pieces. After cutting, the material is spread flat on a multi-layer ventilated drying rack and placed in a well-ventilated, cool, and rain-protected workshop. It is manually turned twice a day, and the moisture content is tested regularly. After air drying to the standard, it is packed into sealed bags and stored in a dry and ventilated warehouse for later use.

[0041] (II) Preparation of Rose Biochar:

[0042] Equipment commissioning: Select a closed superheated steam carbonization furnace. Before use, check the cleanliness of the inner tank, calibrate the temperature sensor and pressure gauge, and ensure that the temperature control accuracy, pressure measurement error and sealing performance meet the requirements.

[0043] Raw material loading: The dried rose waste is evenly filled into the inner liner of the carbonization furnace. The loading density and amount are controlled, and sufficient space is reserved to ensure the circulation of superheated steam and avoid incomplete local carbonization.

[0044] Gradient carbonization: Start the carbonization program, following the preset gradient heating curve. Heat from room temperature to an intermediate temperature and maintain it at a constant temperature to remove moisture from the raw materials; continue heating to the final carbonization temperature, with superheated steam of specified parameters introduced throughout the process to maintain stable pressure inside the furnace. Temperature and pressure data are recorded every 15 minutes to monitor equipment operation in real time.

[0045] Post-processing: After carbonization, allow the furnace temperature to cool naturally to a safe range before removing the carbonized product. Grind it in a pulverizer and pass it through a standard sieve to ensure uniform particle size. Test key physicochemical indicators; once they meet the standards, store it in a moisture-proof, sealed container.

[0046] (III) Preparation of cultivation substrate:

[0047] Site selection and pretreatment: Select sandy loam soil plots suitable for large-scale cultivation, ensuring that the previous crop has not been planted with lily family crops for at least a certain number of years, and that the soil pH, particle size distribution, and drainage slope meet the requirements. Before planting, remove weeds, plant debris, and stones, and use a rotary tiller for shallow and deep tillage pretreatment to make the soil loose and uniform.

[0048] Soil parameter determination: Soil samples were collected using a ring sampler with a quincunx pattern, and the soil bulk density was measured and the average value was taken. At the same time, the initial nutrient content of the soil was tested as a basis for adjusting fertilization.

[0049] Biochar and fertilizer application: Calculate the total soil weight based on the plot area and soil bulk density. Accurately weigh the rose biochar according to the set ratio, and spread it evenly using a fertilizer spreader. Then, ensure uniform mixing by cross-tillage twice. Apply compound fertilizer at a reduced ratio according to the conventional fertilizer dosage, and then lightly till it after spreading.

[0050] Substrate maturation: Water the prepared substrate to a suitable humidity, cover with mulch to retain moisture and warmth, ventilate regularly during maturation, and test soil indicators after maturation to ensure they meet cultivation requirements.

[0051] (iv) Planting of lily bulbs:

[0052] Bulb selection: Select high-quality double-flowered lily bulbs, which should have plump buds, no mold or damage on the surface, intact roots, and uniform size. Discard unqualified bulbs.

[0053] Bulb disinfection: Prepare a disinfectant solution and completely immerse the bulbs in it, stirring regularly to ensure even disinfection. After soaking, place them in a well-ventilated environment to air dry until there are no visible water droplets on the surface.

[0054] Planting procedure: Mark the planting points according to the set plant spacing, dig holes with a planting tool, lay a small amount of well-rotted organic fertilizer at the bottom and cover with soil, place the bulb in, and then cover and compact it. After planting, water thoroughly with a drip irrigation system to help the roots settle.

[0055] (V) Management during the maternity period:

[0056] Water management: An automatic drip irrigation system is adopted, with soil moisture sensors and controllers linked together. The irrigation frequency and duration are adjusted according to temperature and rainfall to maintain suitable soil moisture. The drip irrigation equipment is cleaned regularly.

[0057] Nutrient management: Apply fertilizer to promote seedling growth and flowering in stages, spray foliar fertilizer during the flowering period, use drip irrigation to ensure even nutrient distribution, and irrigate additionally after topdressing to avoid fertilizer residue.

[0058] Weed control: Manually inspect and remove weeds regularly, and combine this with straw mulching to inhibit weed germination. Avoid damaging the lily roots when weeding.

[0059] Pest and disease control: Physical control is achieved by using insect-proof netting and hanging insect-attracting boards, combined with biological control by spraying biological agents, to comprehensively control pests and diseases.

[0060] Environmental control: Set up shade nets during the high-temperature period in summer, clean drainage ditches during the rainy season, force ventilation when ventilation is poor, and optimize the cultivation environment.

[0061] (vi) Testing and Recording:

[0062] Growth indicator monitoring: Randomly select and mark sample plants in each cultivation unit, and regularly measure plant height, stem diameter, number and length of flower buds, and record flowering time.

[0063] Soil index testing: Soil samples were collected before planting, at key points after planting, and after harvest to test soil physicochemical indicators and relative abundance of pathogens.

[0064] Leaf index testing: Functional leaves were collected during the vigorous growth period to measure chlorophyll-related indicators and assess photosynthetic and antioxidant capacity.

[0065] Vaseline quality inspection: After cutting the flowers, select consistent flower stems for vaseline experiments, record the opening and wilting of flower buds daily, and calculate relevant quality parameters.

[0066] II. Results and Analysis

[0067] After being improved with rose biochar and treated with reduced chemical fertilizer application, the physical structure of sandy loam soil was significantly optimized, with reduced bulk density and increased total porosity, enhancing aeration and water and fertilizer retention capacity. Soil pH was maintained within a suitable range, and the content of key nutrients was significantly higher than the full-fertilizer control, with a stable and continuous nutrient supply. Figure 2 As shown.

[0068] Soil microbial communities were optimized, and the relative abundance of pathogens was significantly reduced. Combined with integrated pest management, the incidence of lily diseases and pests decreased significantly. Core growth indicators such as plant height, stem diameter, and number of flower buds showed no difference from the full-fertilizer control. Leaf chlorophyll content remained stable, and photosynthetic and antioxidant capacities were enhanced. Figure 3 As shown.

[0069] The cut flowers exhibit excellent vase quality, with a high percentage of ornamental flowers and a low percentage of newly wilted flowers, and a vase life that meets commercial requirements. Reduced fertilizer use lowers production costs and alleviates environmental pressure. The closed-loop, high-value utilization of rose waste provides a reliable technical model for large-scale lily cultivation, such as… Figure 4 As shown.

[0070] Example 2:

[0071] Example of refined soil cultivation of double-flowered lilies.

[0072] I. Implementation Steps:

[0073] (a) Raw material pretreatment:

[0074] Waste collection: Select whole rose plant waste generated from high-end flower cultivation bases, prioritize the collection of disease-free and pest-free pruned branches, leafy waste flower branches and withered flowers, and transport them to the pre-processing workshop immediately in special sealed transfer boxes to avoid secondary pollution.

[0075] Sorting and Purification: A three-stage sorting process is employed to enhance the purity of the raw materials. The first stage involves manual sorting to remove all visible non-rose impurities; the second stage uses a vibrating sieve to separate fine sand and withered leaves; and the third stage involves manual selection to remove any remaining impurities, ensuring the raw materials meet purity standards. Due to the high cleanliness of the raw materials, rinsing with water is unnecessary.

[0076] Cutting and air drying: Use a high-precision electric cutter to cut the rose waste into uniform small segments, ensuring that the segment length is uniform. After cutting, the material is laid flat on the drying rack in a constant temperature drying room. The temperature and humidity of the drying room are controlled, the ventilation equipment is turned on to maintain airflow, and the material is turned over regularly. After air drying until the moisture content reaches the standard, it is packaged and stored.

[0077] (II) Preparation of Rose Biochar:

[0078] Equipment preparation: Select a laboratory-grade sealed superheated steam carbonization furnace. Thoroughly clean and disinfect before use, and calibrate the temperature control system and pressure sensor to ensure that the temperature control accuracy, pressure measurement error and sealing performance meet the standards.

[0079] Raw material loading: Evenly fill the inner liner of the carbonization furnace with the air-dried rose waste, controlling the loading amount to be a suitable proportion of the effective volume of the inner liner. After gently compacting, close the furnace door and lock the sealing device.

[0080] Gradient carbonization: Start the carbonization program and raise the temperature according to the preset curve. Raise the temperature from room temperature to an intermediate temperature and keep it constant to remove moisture and volatile organic compounds from the raw materials; continue to raise the temperature to the final carbonization temperature, and introduce superheated steam with specified parameters throughout the process to maintain stable pressure inside the furnace. Record temperature and pressure data every 10 minutes.

[0081] Product processing: After carbonization, allow the furnace temperature to cool naturally to room temperature, then remove the biochar product, pulverize it using a ball mill, and pass it through a standard sieve. Test the key physicochemical indicators of the biochar, and once they meet the standards, store it in a moisture-proof, airtight container.

[0082] (III) Preparation of cultivation substrate:

[0083] Site selection and pretreatment: Select sites suitable for refined loam cultivation, ensuring that the previous crop has not been planted with lily family crops for the required number of years, and that the soil pH, particle size distribution, and drainage slope meet the requirements, with uniform soil texture and no compaction. Before planting, remove weeds, plant debris, and gravel, and use a small rotary tiller for deep tillage, controlling the depth and speed of tillage. After deep tillage, level the soil surface.

[0084] Soil parameter determination: Soil samples were collected using a ring sampler combined with a diagonal sampling method to determine the average soil bulk density; at the same time, soil samples were collected to detect the content of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, and the initial state of the soil microbial community.

[0085] Biochar and fertilizer application: Calculate the total soil weight based on the plot area and soil bulk density. Accurately weigh the rose biochar according to the set ratio. Apply it using a manual fertilizer spreader with a uniform spreading device. Ensure even mixing by cross-tillage twice and check the uniformity of biochar distribution. Apply high-purity compound fertilizer at a reduced ratio according to the conventional fertilizer dosage. After spreading, shallowly till to integrate.

[0086] Substrate maturation: Water the prepared substrate to a suitable humidity, cover with breathable mulch, ventilate regularly during maturation, monitor substrate temperature, and test soil indicators after maturation is completed.

[0087] (iv) Planting of lily bulbs:

[0088] Bulb selection: Select high-quality double-flowered lily bulbs, requiring that the weight of a single bulb, the diameter of the bulb, the condition of the buds, the surface condition and the integrity of the root system meet the standards, and that the size be uniform. Remove damaged, moldy and incomplete bulbs.

[0089] Bulb disinfection: Prepare a disinfection solution, pour it into a disinfection tank, and immerse the bulbs in the tank. Stir regularly with a stirrer to ensure even disinfection. After soaking, place them on a ventilated rack to air dry in a designated well-ventilated environment.

[0090] Planting procedure: Determine the planting location according to the set plant spacing using a string line. Dig holes with a planting shovel, place a small amount of well-rotted organic fertilizer at the bottom of the hole and cover it with soil. Place the bulb in the hole, cover and compact it, controlling the depth of the top of the bulb from the ground surface. After planting, water thoroughly using drip irrigation.

[0091] (V) Management during the maternity period:

[0092] Water regulation: A high-precision automatic drip irrigation system is adopted, which adjusts the irrigation plan based on the feedback data of soil moisture sensor, sets the irrigation frequency and duration according to the growth stage, and cleans the drip irrigation emitters regularly.

[0093] Nutrient management: Apply different types of fertilizers in stages and use drip irrigation to ensure even nutrient distribution. Spray foliar fertilizer during the flowering period and control fertilizer concentration and dosage.

[0094] Weed and pest control: Manual weeding once a week to remove weeds in a timely manner; physical control by using insect-proof netting and hanging insect-attracting boards; biological control by regularly spraying biological agents to prevent diseases.

[0095] Environmental control: Control the temperature of the cultivation environment within a suitable range, set up shade nets in the summer when the temperature is high, clean drainage ditches during the rainy season, and turn on blowers for forced ventilation when ventilation is poor.

[0096] (vi) Testing and Recording:

[0097] Growth indicator monitoring: Select and mark sample plants in each cultivation unit, and regularly measure plant height, stem diameter, flower bud length and number, and record flowering time.

[0098] Soil index testing: Soil samples were collected at key points after planting to test soil physicochemical indicators and relative abundance of pathogens.

[0099] Leaf index detection: Functional leaves were collected during the vigorous growth period to measure chlorophyll-related indicators.

[0100] Vaseline quality testing: Select consistent flower stems after cutting for vaseline testing, record relevant indicators daily, and monitor continuously.

[0101] II. Results and Analysis:

[0102] After meticulous formulation and management, the soil physical structure was significantly improved, the bulk density decreased to a suitable range, the total porosity increased, and the aeration and water retention capacity were enhanced. The soil pH remained stable within a suitable range, the electrical conductivity was moderate, the content of key nutrients was significantly higher than that of the full-fertilizer control, and the nutrient supply remained stable.

[0103] The lilies showed excellent growth, with no difference in growth indicators such as plant height, stem diameter, number and length of flower buds compared to the full fertilizer control. The total chlorophyll content of the leaves was high, the chlorophyll ratio was maintained within a healthy range, and the ratio of carotenoids to chlorophyll was significantly higher than that of the control, indicating enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant capacity.

[0104] Optimization of the soil microbial community significantly reduced the relative abundance of pathogens, resulting in a marked decrease in the incidence of lily diseases and pests. Cut flowers exhibited outstanding vase quality, a high percentage of ultimately ornamental flowers, an ideal maximum ornamental rate, slow decay rate, and a long vase life. This embodiment, through meticulous operation, fully verified the feasibility and superiority of the technical solution, providing a replicable technical model for the refined cultivation of lilies in soil. Figure 5 As shown.

[0105] Example 3;

[0106] Comparative cultivation examples of different biochar application rates for different rose varieties.

[0107] I. Implementation Steps:

[0108] (I) Experimental Design:

[0109] This embodiment sets up three processing groups, each with three duplicate cells. The cells have the same area, and the cell spacing and guard row width are reasonable to avoid marginal effects.

[0110] Control group: No rose biochar was applied, but all conventional fertilizers were applied;

[0111] Treatment Group 1: Apply rose biochar at a set ratio of 1 and half the amount of conventional fertilizer.

[0112] Treatment Group 2: Apply rose biochar at a set ratio of 2 and half the amount of conventional fertilizer.

[0113] (II) Raw material pretreatment and biochar preparation:

[0114] Waste collection: Collect whole rose plants and waste generated from pruning at the flower market, and complete sorting and pre-processing within 24 hours.

[0115] Sorting and Cutting: A two-stage sorting process is used to remove impurities and ensure that the purity of the raw materials meets the standards; the raw materials are cut into uniform small segments, air-dried naturally until the moisture content meets the standards, and then sealed and stored.

[0116] Biochar preparation: A closed superheated steam carbonization furnace is used for carbonization according to a gradient temperature increase program. The carbonized material is then crushed and passed through a standard sieve. After the physicochemical indicators meet the standards, it is ready for use.

[0117] (III) Preparation of cultivation substrate:

[0118] Site selection: Select sandy loam soil plots that have not been planted with lily family crops for the previous years, and whose soil pH and drainage slope meet the requirements.

[0119] Soil testing: Soil bulk density was determined using the ring cutter method, and the soil weight of each plot was calculated; initial soil nutrient content and pathogen abundance were also tested.

[0120] Biochar and fertilizer application: Weigh rose biochar and fertilizer according to the proportion of each treatment group, spread them evenly, and then till and mix them to ensure that the biochar is evenly distributed. After the substrate matures, test the physicochemical indicators.

[0121] (iv) Planting of lily bulbs:

[0122] Select double-flowered lily bulbs of uniform size, and after screening, disinfection, and drying, plant them according to the set spacing, with the same number planted in each plot, and water them thoroughly to settle the roots.

[0123] (V) Management during the maternity period:

[0124] Each treatment group adopted uniform water management, nutrient management, weed control, and pest and disease control measures to ensure consistent cultivation conditions and avoid human interference.

[0125] (VI) Detection Indicators and Methods:

[0126] Soil parameters: After harvest, the bulk density, total porosity, and key nutrient content of soil in each treatment group were measured.

[0127] Microbiological indicators: Detect the relative abundance of soil plant pathogens;

[0128] Growth indicators: Regularly measure plant height, stem diameter, and number of flower buds;

[0129] Vaseline quality indicators: The percentage of flowers that are ultimately ornamental after cutting.

[0130] II. Results and Analysis:

[0131] Comparison table of core indicators for different treatment groups.

[0132]

[0133] As shown in the comparison table, compared with the control group, both treatment groups significantly improved the soil physical structure, reduced the soil bulk density and increased the total porosity. Moreover, the improvement effect of treatment group 2 was better than that of treatment group 1, indicating that the increase of biochar dosage had a more significant effect on improving the soil physical structure.

[0134] Regarding soil microorganisms, the relative abundance of pathogens in both treatment groups was significantly lower than that in the control group, with the pathogen abundance in treatment group two being even lower. This indicates that biochar can effectively inhibit soil pathogens, and the inhibitory effect is more significant with increased dosage.

[0135] Regarding plant growth and vase quality, the plant height, stem diameter, number of flower buds, and percentage of final ornamental flowers in both treatment groups remained at levels comparable to the control group, indicating that semi-chemical fertilizer combined with a set ratio of rose biochar could fully compensate for insufficient nutrient supply. Treatment group two showed a slightly higher number of flower buds and a slightly higher percentage of final ornamental flowers than treatment group one, but the difference was not significant, suggesting that increasing biochar application had a limited effect on promoting growth and quality.

[0136] In summary, the biochar dosage in treatment group one is sufficient to meet cultivation needs and is more economical; treatment group two shows better soil improvement effects, but increasing the biochar dosage will raise production costs. The appropriate dosage can be selected based on actual production needs, such as... Figure 6 As shown.

[0137] Example 4:

[0138] Comparative cultivation examples with different fertilizer reduction gradients.

[0139] I. Implementation Steps:

[0140] (I) Experimental Design:

[0141] This embodiment sets up four processing groups, each with three duplicate cells of the same size. Isolation zones and protective rows are set between cells to avoid cross-contamination.

[0142] Control group: No rose biochar was applied, but all conventional fertilizers were applied;

[0143] Treatment Group 1: Apply rose biochar at the specified ratio and half the amount of conventional fertilizer.

[0144] Treatment Group 2: Apply rose biochar at a set ratio and 60% conventional fertilizer;

[0145] Treatment Group 3: Apply rose biochar at a set ratio and 75% conventional fertilizer.

[0146] (II) Raw material pretreatment and biochar preparation:

[0147] Raw material collection and processing: Collect waste from the entire rose plant, sort it in two stages, cut it, air dry it naturally until the moisture content meets the standard, and then seal and store it.

[0148] Biochar preparation: A closed superheated steam carbonization furnace is used for carbonization according to a gradient temperature increase program. The carbonized material is then crushed and passed through a standard sieve. After the physicochemical indicators meet the standards, it is ready for use.

[0149] (III) Preparation of cultivation substrate:

[0150] Site pretreatment: Select loamy plots that have not been planted with lily family crops for the previous years, and have good soil pH, drainage, and uniform texture.

[0151] Soil parameter determination: Soil bulk density was determined using the ring sampler method, and the soil weight of each plot was calculated; initial soil nutrient content and microbial community structure were detected.

[0152] Biochar and fertilizer application: Rose biochar was applied to each treatment group according to the set ratio, and then the biochar was spread evenly and mixed by tilling. The amount of fertilizer was calculated according to different reduction gradients, and the fertilizer was applied evenly and then shallowly tilled to integrate it. After the substrate matured, the plants were planted.

[0153] (iv) Planting of lily bulbs:

[0154] Select double-flowered lily bulbs with consistent weight and bulb diameter. After screening, disinfection, and drying, plant them according to the set spacing, ensuring the same number of bulbs are planted in each plot. Water thoroughly to settle the roots.

[0155] (V) Management during the maternity period:

[0156] Each treatment group adopted a unified drip irrigation system, fertilization time, weed control, and pest and disease control measures to strictly control the consistency of cultivation environment conditions and conduct regular inspections and record the results.

[0157] (VI) Detection Indicators and Methods:

[0158] Soil indicators: The content of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the soil was tested after harvest;

[0159] Growth indicators: Regularly measure plant height, stem diameter, and number of flower buds;

[0160] Vaseline quality indicators: After cutting, monitor the percentage of flowers that are ultimately ornamental and the percentage of flowers that begin to wither.

[0161] II. Results and Analysis

[0162] Comparison table of core indicators for different treatment groups.

[0163]

[0164]

[0165] The comparison table shows that the soil total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium contents in treatment groups 1 and 2 were significantly higher than those in the control group. This indicates that the set ratio of rose biochar combined with a 50% to 60% reduction in chemical fertilizer application can still maintain a high soil nutrient supply capacity, thanks to the adsorption and slow-release effects of rose biochar. The soil nutrient content in treatment group 3 was not different from the control group, indicating that under this reduction gradient, the slow-release effect of biochar could not fully compensate for the significant reduction in chemical fertilizer application, resulting in insufficient soil nutrient supply.

[0166] In terms of growth indicators, the plant height and number of flower buds in treatment groups 1 and 2 were no different from those in the control group, indicating that these two reduction gradients could ensure the normal growth of lilies; the plant height and number of flower buds in treatment group 3 were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the growth showed obvious deterioration, indicating that the reduction gradient had exceeded the tolerance range of lily growth.

[0167] Regarding vase quality, the percentage of final ornamental flowers in treatment groups 1 and 2 was no different from the control group, but the percentage of newly wilted flowers was significantly lower, indicating better preservation. In treatment group 3, the percentage of final ornamental flowers was significantly lower than the control group, while the percentage of newly wilted flowers was significantly higher, indicating a faster rate of decay. Figure 7 As shown.

[0168] In summary, the optimal choice is to use a set ratio of rose biochar with a reduced application of semi-chemical fertilizer. This can maintain soil nutrient supply, ensure lily growth and vase quality, and reduce production costs and environmental pressure. A 60% reduction in fertilizer application can maintain basic growth and quality, but nutrient supply will decrease slightly. A 75% reduction in fertilizer application will lead to insufficient soil nutrients and deterioration of growth, and is not recommended.

[0169] Example 5:

[0170] Comparative examples of rose cultivation improvement using biochar in continuously cropped plots.

[0171] I. Implementation Steps:

[0172] (I) Experimental Design:

[0173] In this embodiment, loamy land plots that have been continuously planted with lilies for two years were selected, and two treatment groups were set up. Each group had three replicate plots with the same area and reasonable spacing between plots. Protective rows were set up around the plots to avoid mutual interference.

[0174] Control group: Continuous cropping plots, without application of rose biochar, and with full application of conventional chemical fertilizers;

[0175] Treatment group: For plots with continuous cropping, apply a set proportion of rose biochar and half the amount of conventional fertilizer.

[0176] (II) Raw material pretreatment and biochar preparation:

[0177] Waste collection: Collect all waste from the rose plant, including pruned branches, leafy flower branches, and withered flowers. Sorting is completed within 24 hours, impurities are removed, and the waste is cut into uniform small pieces and air-dried until the moisture content meets the standard.

[0178] Biochar preparation: A closed superheated steam carbonization furnace is used for carbonization according to a gradient heating program. Superheated steam is introduced to maintain stable pressure. After carbonization, the carbonized material is crushed and passed through a standard sieve. After the key physicochemical indicators are tested and found to meet the standards, it is sealed and stored.

[0179] (III) Preparation of cultivation substrate:

[0180] Pre-treatment of continuously cropped plots: Remove lily stalks, weeds and stones from the plot, and use a rotary tiller to deeply till the soil, breaking up the compacted soil layer and making the soil loose.

[0181] Soil parameter determination: The ring sampler method was used to select sampling points in each plot, collect soil samples, dry them to constant weight and calculate the bulk density; the initial pH, electrical conductivity, key nutrient content and relative abundance of plant pathogens were detected.

[0182] Biochar and fertilizer application: In the treatment group, rose biochar was weighed according to the set ratio, evenly spread using a fertilizer spreader, and then cross-tilled twice to ensure uniform mixing; compound fertilizer was applied at half the amount of conventional fertilizer, evenly spread, and then shallowly tilled for integration. In the control group, only the full amount of conventional fertilizer was applied, and the tilling and mixing method was the same as that of the treatment group. Both groups were planted after the substrate had matured.

[0183] (iv) Planting of lily bulbs:

[0184] Bulb selection and disinfection: Select high-quality double-flowered lily bulbs, ensuring that the bulb weight, bulb diameter, bud condition, surface condition, and root integrity all meet the standards. Soak the bulbs in a disinfectant solution, stirring regularly. After soaking, remove them and air dry until there are no visible water droplets on the surface.

[0185] Planting procedure: Plant the plants in each plot according to the set spacing, with the same number of plants in each plot. The buds should be facing upwards. Cover with soil and gently compact it. Water thoroughly to settle the roots.

[0186] (V) Management during the maternity period:

[0187] Both groups adopted the same water management, nutrient management, weed control and pest and disease control measures, strictly controlled the consistent cultivation environment conditions, and regularly recorded the growth and disease occurrence of each plot.

[0188] (VI) Detection Indicators and Methods:

[0189] Soil parameters: After harvest, soil bulk density, total porosity, key nutrient content, and relative abundance of plant pathogens were tested.

[0190] Growth indicators: Regularly measure plant height, stem diameter, and number of flower buds; determine the total potassium content of the bulbs at harvest;

[0191] Disease incidence rate: Regularly investigate the occurrence of lily diseases in the community and calculate the disease incidence rate.

[0192] II. Results and Analysis:

[0193] Comparison table of core indicators for different treatments of continuously cropped land plots.

[0194]

[0195]

[0196] As can be seen from the comparison table, after the continuous cropping plots were improved by rose biochar, the soil physical structure was significantly improved, the total porosity was significantly increased, the soil compaction caused by continuous cropping was effectively alleviated, and the soil aeration and water retention capacity were enhanced.

[0197] Regarding soil microorganisms and diseases, the relative abundance of plant pathogens in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the incidence of lily diseases was also significantly reduced. This indicates that rose biochar can effectively inhibit the accumulation of pathogens in continuously cropped soil, improve the rhizosphere microecological environment, and fundamentally alleviate the obstacles of continuous cropping.

[0198] In terms of growth and nutrient accumulation, the lily plants in the treatment group showed significantly increased height, stem diameter, and number of flower buds, indicating that biochar treatment effectively alleviated the inhibitory effect of continuous cropping on lily growth. The total potassium content in the bulbs was significantly higher than that in the control group, suggesting that biochar can promote nutrient allocation to the bulbs, improve bulb quality, and lay a good foundation for subsequent growth and reproduction. Figure 8 As shown.

[0199] In summary, the technical solution of this invention can effectively improve the soil structure and micro-ecological environment of continuously cropped plots, enhance soil nutrient supply capacity, alleviate continuous cropping obstacles, promote lily growth and bulb nutrient accumulation, and provide an effective improvement technical path for continuously cropped lily cultivation.

[0200] Example 6:

[0201] Comparative cultivation examples of rose biochar and conventional soil conditioners.

[0202] I. Implementation Steps:

[0203] (I) Experimental Design:

[0204] This embodiment sets up three processing groups, each with three duplicate cells of the same size. Isolation zones and protection rows are set between cells to ensure consistent test conditions.

[0205] Control group: No amendments were applied; only full amounts of conventional fertilizer were used.

[0206] Treatment Group 1: Apply rose biochar at the specified ratio and half the amount of conventional fertilizer.

[0207] Treatment Group 2: Apply a set ratio of conventional humic acid soil conditioner and half the amount of conventional chemical fertilizer.

[0208] (II) Raw material pretreatment and modifier preparation:

[0209] Rose biochar preparation: Collect whole rose plant waste, sort, cut, and air dry it, then carbonize it in a closed superheated steam carbonization furnace, crush it through a standard sieve, and test its physicochemical indicators to ensure they meet the standards before use.

[0210] Preparation of conventional soil conditioners: Commercially available humic acid-based soil conditioners are selected, whose main components include humic acid, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, ensuring that their key physicochemical indicators are similar to those of rose biochar.

[0211] (III) Preparation of cultivation substrate:

[0212] Site selection: Select sandy loam soil plots that have not been planted with lily family crops for the required number of years, with uniform soil pH and texture, and good drainage.

[0213] Soil testing: Soil bulk density was determined using the ring cutter method, and the soil weight of each plot was calculated; initial soil pH, electrical conductivity, key nutrient content, and relative abundance of pathogens were also tested.

[0214] Solubilizer and fertilizer application: Each treatment group was given the corresponding solubilizer according to the set ratio, and after even spreading, it was tilled and mixed to ensure that the solubilizer was evenly distributed; compound fertilizer was applied at half the amount of conventional fertilizer, and after shallow tilling and mixing, the substrate was matured before transplanting.

[0215] (iv) Planting of lily bulbs:

[0216] Select double-flowered lily bulbs of uniform size, and after screening, disinfection, and drying, plant them according to the set spacing, with the same number planted in each plot, and water them thoroughly to settle the roots.

[0217] (V) Management during the maternity period:

[0218] Each treatment group adopted uniform water management, nutrient management, weed control, and pest and disease control measures, strictly controlled the cultivation environment conditions, and regularly inspected and recorded the growth status.

[0219] (VI) Detection Indicators and Methods:

[0220] Soil indicators: Total soil porosity and key nutrient content were tested after harvest;

[0221] Microbiological indicators: Detect the relative abundance of soil plant pathogens;

[0222] Growth indicators: Regularly measure plant height and number of flower buds;

[0223] Leaf and vase life indicators: The ratio of carotenoids to chlorophyll in the leaves was measured, and the vase life was tested after the flowers were cut.

[0224] II. Results and Analysis:

[0225] Comparison table of core indicators for different modifiers

[0226]

[0227] As shown in the comparison table, both soil amendment treatments improved soil physical structure and nutrient supply, significantly increased total soil porosity, and significantly increased available phosphorus and potassium content compared to the control group. However, the soil nutrient content of treatment group one was slightly higher than that of treatment group two, indicating that rose biochar has a stronger nutrient adsorption and slow release capacity.

[0228] Regarding soil microorganisms, the relative abundance of pathogens in both treatment groups was significantly lower than that in the control group, with treatment group one showing an even lower abundance of pathogens. This indicates that rose biochar has a better inhibitory effect on pathogens than conventional humic acid amendments.

[0229] Regarding growth indicators, there were no differences in plant height and number of flower buds between the two treatment groups and the control group, indicating that both amendments could maintain normal lily growth under conditions of reduced chemical fertilizer application. In terms of leaf antioxidant capacity, the ratio of carotenoids to chlorophyll in both treatment groups was significantly higher than that in the control group, with treatment group one showing an even higher ratio, indicating that rose biochar can more effectively enhance the antioxidant capacity and stress resistance of lilies.

[0230] In terms of vase quality, the vase life of treatment group 1 was significantly longer than that of the control group and treatment group 2, with the best preservation effect; the vase life of treatment group 2 was no different from that of the control group, indicating that conventional improvers have limited effect on improving the vase quality of cut flowers.

[0231] In summary, compared with conventional humic acid-based soil conditioners, the rose biochar of this invention has more significant advantages in improving soil structure, enhancing nutrient supply sustainability, inhibiting pathogens, strengthening plant stress resistance, and extending vase life. It can also realize the resource utilization of rose waste, which is more in line with the green and low-carbon production concept and has higher application value.

[0232] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating lilies that synergistically reduces fertilizer application by utilizing carbonized products from rose waste, characterized in that... The specific steps of this method are as follows: S1, Raw material pretreatment: Collect whole rose plant waste, manually sort to remove non-rose components and impurities, cut into 5-10cm uniform small sections, air dry in a well-ventilated, cool and rain-sheltered place until the moisture content is less than 15%, and store in a sealed container. S2, Preparation of rose biochar: The pretreated raw material is filled into a closed superheated steam carbonization furnace and carbonized by gradient heating. After cooling, it is crushed and passed through a 2mm sieve. After the physicochemical indicators meet the standards, it is sealed and stored. S3, Cultivation substrate preparation: Select a suitable plot and plow it to a depth of 10cm. Calculate the soil weight and mix rose biochar at a ratio of 1%-2% of the soil weight. Test the indicators after the substrate has matured. S4, Planting of lily bulbs: Select qualified lily bulbs, disinfect them, and plant them in the prepared substrate at a spacing of 20cm×20cm. Water thoroughly to settle the roots. S5, Growth Period Management: Drip irrigation is used to maintain soil moisture, precise topdressing is applied in stages, weeding is done manually, and pests and diseases are controlled by physical, biological and chemical methods. The cultivation environment is regulated and growth indicators are monitored according to the preset cycle.

2. The lily cultivation method according to claim 1, which synergistically reduces fertilizer application by utilizing carbonized rose waste products, is characterized in that... The rose plant waste includes pruned branch fragments with a diameter of ≤3cm, discarded flower branches with leaves after floral processing, withered flowers, and complete root systems discarded from seedling cultivation; manual sorting adopts a two-stage mode of primary selection and secondary selection. The primary selection removes impurities with a particle size of ≥1cm, and the secondary selection removes fine mud and sand through a 5mm aperture sieve.

3. The lily cultivation method according to claim 1, which synergistically reduces fertilizer application by utilizing carbonized rose waste products, is characterized in that... In step 2, the gradient heating program is specifically as follows: the temperature is increased from room temperature to 150°C at a rate of 5°C / min and held at that temperature for 1 hour, and then increased to 300°C at a rate of 5°C / min, while maintaining the furnace pressure at 0.1-0.2 MPa.

4. The lily cultivation method according to claim 1, which synergistically reduces fertilizer application by utilizing carbonized rose waste products, is characterized in that... In step 2, the physicochemical indicators of the rose biochar are determined as follows: total potassium content is determined by flame photometry, water-soluble potassium is determined by flame photometry after ammonium acetate extraction, cation exchange capacity is determined by ammonium acetate exchange method, surface functional groups are detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and specific surface area is determined by nitrogen adsorption method.

5. The lily cultivation method according to claim 1, which synergistically reduces fertilizer application by utilizing carbonized rose waste products, is characterized in that... In step 3, the soil type of the cultivation plot is loam or sandy loam, with loam containing 20%-30% sand and 20%-30% clay, and sandy loam containing 50%-70% sand and 10%-20% clay. The soil pH value is 5.0-6.0, the previous crop has not been planted with lily family crops for ≥2 years, and the drainage slope is 3°-5°.

6. The lily cultivation method according to claim 1, which synergistically reduces fertilizer application by utilizing carbonized rose waste products, is characterized in that... In step 4, the lily bulbs are double-flowered lily bulbs weighing 50-60g each, with a bulb diameter ≥5cm, an eye length ≥0.5cm, and a surface area ≥0.2cm². 2 Mold spots, root length ≥3cm and number of intact roots ≥5, size uniformity coefficient of variation ≤8%.

7. The lily cultivation method according to claim 1, which synergistically reduces fertilizer application by utilizing carbonized rose waste products, is characterized in that... In step 4, the disinfection treatment involves soaking the affected area in a 500-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 10-15 minutes, stirring every 5 minutes. After soaking, the affected area is air-dried in a ventilated environment at a speed of 0.2-0.3 m / s for 2-3 hours until there are no obvious water droplets on the surface.

8. The lily cultivation method according to claim 1, which synergistically reduces fertilizer application by utilizing carbonized rose waste products, is characterized in that... In step 5, the drip irrigation mode is to irrigate for 20-30 minutes every 3-5 days under normal conditions, and irrigate for 30-40 minutes every 2-3 days when the temperature exceeds 30℃. Irrigation is stopped when the daily rainfall is ≥10mm during cloudy or rainy weather, and the soil moisture at a depth of 10cm is maintained at 20%-25%.

9. The lily cultivation method according to claim 1, which synergistically reduces fertilizer application by utilizing carbonized rose waste products, is characterized in that... In step 5, for pest and disease control, physical control involves enclosing the cultivation area with 40-mesh nylon insect-proof netting. The netting should be 1.5m high and buried in the soil at a depth of ≥20cm, with netting spaced every 10m. 2 Hang a 20cm x 30cm yellow or blue insect-attracting board at a height of 1m and replace it monthly. For biological control, starting 15 days after planting, spray with a 500-fold dilution of 1 billion CFU / g Bacillus subtilis wettable powder every 20 days, at a dosage of 100mL / m². 2 Spray three times consecutively.

10. The lily cultivation method according to claim 1, which synergistically reduces fertilizer application by utilizing carbonized rose waste products, is characterized in that... In step 5, the growth monitoring involves randomly selecting 10 sample plants from each cultivation unit and marking them with red paint, and measuring them every 7 days. The plant height is measured using a tape measure with an accuracy of 0.1 cm to measure the vertical distance from the ground to the growth point. The stem diameter is measured using a vernier caliper with an accuracy of 0.01 mm at a point 5 cm above the base. The number of visible flower buds with a diameter ≥ 0.5 cm is recorded. The flowering period is recorded as the length of the flower buds and the flowering time. After the flowers are cut, the relevant indicators for vase insertion are monitored.

Images