Intervention system for Chinese yam tuber cells based on different soil environments
By constructing a metabolically active matrix rich in enzymes and signaling molecules, and utilizing rhizosphere biochemical coupling channels and pulsed water regulation, the problem of insufficient mucilage cell differentiation in yam cultivation was solved, thereby improving the intrinsic quality and medicinal value of yam.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-31
AI Technical Summary
Current yam cultivation techniques neglect the deep regulation of the rhizosphere microenvironment on the differentiation of micro-cells inside the tuber, resulting in insufficient differentiation of mucilage cells and leading to the problem of high yield but low quality yam.
A metabolically active matrix rich in enzymes and signaling molecules was constructed. Through deep underground directional induction space, and by utilizing rhizosphere biochemical coupling channels and pulsed water regulation, the directional pumping of signals and precursor substances into the tuber tissue was achieved.
It achieved the directed differentiation of mucin cells, improved the intrinsic quality and medicinal value of yam, and solved the problem of high yield but low quality.
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Figure CN121753684A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of yam cultivation intervention technology, and more specifically, to an intervention system for yam tuber cells based on different soil environments. Background Technology
[0002] In current yam cultivation practices, growers generally focus on increasing the size and yield of the tubers, often employing high-intensity chemical fertilizer inputs or shallow application of conventional organic fertilizers. While this traditional extensive management method meets the basic macronutrient requirements for tuber enlargement, it often results in high yield but low quality: many large-looking yams, when cut open, have a loose texture, dry and hard tissue, and little mucus. In-depth investigation reveals that the root cause lies in the fact that existing cultivation techniques only focus on macroscopic nutrient supply (solving cell volume expansion), neglecting the deep regulatory role of the rhizosphere soil microecological environment on the direction of microscopic cell differentiation within the tuber (solving cell functional specialization).
[0003] From the perspective of cell developmental biology, the specific differentiation process of mucilage cells responsible for synthesizing medicinal components in yam tubers from basic parenchyma tissue is not solely determined by genetics, but is highly susceptible to induction by the rhizosphere microenvironment. Current conventional cultivation techniques face several bottlenecks: First, there is a lack of biochemical signals; ordinary soils lack a targeted organic-media co-fermentation system, making it difficult to continuously produce oligosaccharide elicitors and specific amino acid precursor substrates for induced differentiation. Second, there is a spatial misalignment; conventional fertilization layers are mostly located on the shallow surface of the tillage layer, while the main swelling and active cell differentiation zones of yam tubers are located in the deep soil layer, preventing the inducing substances from accurately reaching the target area. Finally, there is a lack of transport dynamics; large molecular signaling substances and precursors are difficult to penetrate the dense tuber epidermis in a static soil moisture environment, lacking an effective hydraulic pumping mechanism to deliver them into the cells.
[0004] Therefore, how to construct a rhizosphere microenvironment that integrates signal generation, spatial matching, and power transmission, and how to intervene in and activate the differentiation and development of mucilage cells at the microscopic level, is a key technical problem that urgently needs to be solved to improve the high-quality cultivation of yam. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To overcome the aforementioned deficiencies of the prior art, this invention provides an intervention system for yam tuber cells based on different soil environments. By constructing a metabolically active matrix rich in enzymes and signaling molecules, and building a directional induction space in the deep underground layer that matches the tuber enlargement area, the system utilizes the plant transpiration pull stimulated by the rhizosphere biochemical coupling channel combined with pulsed water regulation to directionally pump differentiation induction signals and precursor substances into the tuber tissue, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background art.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an intervention system for yam tuber cells based on different soil environments, comprising: Carrier framework construction module: Prepare lignocellulose-precursor complex; Select structural organic fiber material and organic precursor material rich in active nitrogen source, mix them in a predetermined ratio after physical crushing, adjust the moisture content to saturation, and use the colloidal properties of organic precursor material to encapsulate the structural organic fiber material to prepare a physical support carrier with adsorption properties. In this embodiment of the invention, the structural organic fiber material refers to a plant-derived material with high lignin and cellulose content, which can maintain a certain tubular or bundle-like physical structure after physical crushing and has a carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N) usually higher than 50:1; its function is to construct a soil pore skeleton and provide microbial attachment sites; specifically, one or more of corn stalks, wheat stalks, rice stalks, sorghum stalks, sugarcane bagasse, reeds or cotton stalks can be selected; all of the above materials have the vascular bundle structure required by the carrier skeleton construction module of this invention, and can expose microfibers after being processed by shredding.
[0007] Organic precursor materials rich in active nitrogen sources refer to organic waste that has undergone a certain degree of fermentation and decomposition, contains abundant small-molecule organic nitrogen (such as polypeptides and amino acids), and is rich in humic acid colloidal substances. In this invention, its function is to provide a substrate for mucoprotein synthesis and act as a physical binder; specifically, one or more mixtures of decomposed sheep manure, decomposed cow manure, fermented soybean meal, rabbit manure, earthworm castings, or biogas residue can be selected; when the moisture content is adjusted to 55%-60%, the above materials all exhibit significant rheological colloidal properties, enabling them to encapsulate the fibrous skeleton.
[0008] The predetermined ratio is calculated based on the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N = 25:1~30:1) suitable for microbial growth. Depending on the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio of different materials, the dry weight ratio of structural organic fiber materials to organic precursor materials is usually in the range of 1:1.5 to 1:4. For example, when using corn stalks (high carbon) and sheep manure (medium nitrogen), the preferred ratio is 1:2.5; when using rice straw (very high carbon) and soybean meal (very high nitrogen), the ratio can be adjusted to 1:1.5; when using wheat stalks and cow manure (low nitrogen), the ratio can be adjusted to 1:4.
[0009] Matrix bioactivation module: Preparation of differentiation-inducing matrix; Inoculation of composite microbial community into the lignocellulose-precursor complex, composting under aerobic conditions, and induction of microbial growth and secretion of extracellular enzyme system in the carrier pores by temperature control to obtain a metabolically active matrix containing biostimulants; Among them, a complex microbial community refers to a synergistic combination of at least the following three types of functional microorganisms: Cellulose-degrading fungal groups: possess the ability to secrete highly active cellulase and xylanase, which are used to disrupt the cell wall structure of the physical framework in the carrier backbone building block and generate oligosaccharide signaling molecules; Macromolecular degrading bacteria: possessing rapid reproduction capabilities and the ability to secrete proteases and amylases, used to decompose organic precursor materials (such as sheep manure) to release amino acid substrates; Secondary metabolite secretion groups (usually actinomycetes or specific bacteria): have the ability to secrete plant growth regulators (such as auxins and cytokinins) or resistance inducers.
[0010] The specific implementation methods of the composite microbial community include, but are not limited to: Fungi: One or more of Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma reesei, Trichoderma corniglium, or Aspergillus niger can be selected; Bacteria: One or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, or Bacillus megaterium can be selected; Actinomycetes: One or more of the following can be selected: Streptomyces flavus, Streptomyces griseus, or Streptomyces densiflorus.
[0011] The extracellular enzyme system described in this invention refers to a collection of enzymes secreted by the aforementioned complex microbial flora during metabolism, capable of degrading complex organic macromolecules; its function is to convert solid lignocellulose and proteins into soluble small molecules and induce signals; specifically including, but not limited to, one or more combinations of cellulase (including endoglucanase and exoglucanase), hemicellulase (such as xylanase), pectinase, protease (acidic, neutral or alkaline protease), amylase and laccase.
[0012] The metabolically active substrate containing biostimulants described in this invention refers to a substrate whose physical state has undergone microstructural changes (increased porosity) after fermentation using a specific process, and whose chemical composition contains fermentation products containing specific signal molecules that have reached the physiological activity threshold; the substrate retains highly active dormant hyphae and is rich in non-nutritive bioactive substances that can induce secondary metabolic pathways in plant cells.
[0013] Layered spatial layout module: Construct an underground layered planting structure; Establish a differentiated medium layer in the vertical direction of the planting plot, with the lower layer being a directional induction layer filled with the metabolically active matrix, the upper layer being a buffer layer composed of in-situ soil, and a mixed medium transition zone set between the two layers; The directional induction layer described in this invention is not limited to a specific absolute depth value, but refers to a functional rhizosphere space located in a specific underground region, corresponding to the main swelling and secondary metabolic active parts of the target crop (yam) tuber. This layer is a high-concentration enrichment area of induction signal molecules (such as oligosaccharides) and precursor substances (amino acids). Its lower limit usually depends on the genetic length of the yam variety, and its upper limit depends on the anatomical position where the tuber begins to swell. For example, for long cylindrical yams (such as iron stick yam), this layer is usually located in the range of 30cm to 100-120cm underground; for flat or short rod-shaped yams (such as yam), this layer can be adjusted to the range of 20cm to 50-60cm underground; for shallow trench cultivation, this layer can be located in the middle and lower section of the guide trench.
[0014] The upper layer, consisting of in-situ soil, is the surface medium layer that covers the directional induction layer and is in direct contact with the atmospheric environment. This layer is mainly composed of mineral soil (containing little or no induction substrate) to provide sufficient mechanical anchoring force to fix the above-ground parts of the plant. Corresponding to the rhizome and sprouting part of the yam, it serves as a physical barrier for seed potato germination, stem and leaf emergence, and to prevent rapid water loss from the lower substrate. The medium type can be in-situ garden soil, improved sandy loam, or ordinary seedling substrate. Depending on the size of the seed potato and the planting depth, it is usually in the range of 0cm to 20-30cm below the ground surface.
[0015] Among them, the mixed medium transition zone between the two layers refers to the interface structure with porosity gradient change characteristics located at the junction of the buffer layer and the directional induction layer; the purpose is to eliminate the capillary breakage phenomenon caused by the large difference in bulk density between the upper and lower media (such as the upper soil being compact and the lower matrix being loose), and to ensure that water and dissolved signal molecules can be continuously transmitted in the vertical direction. Construction methods: Mechanical rotary tillage and mixing, layered harrowing and leveling, or premixed backfilling can be used; Mixing ratio and thickness: It is usually made by mixing the upper medium and the lower medium in a volume ratio of 1:1 to 1:2, and the thickness is usually controlled between 5cm and 15cm.
[0016] Rhizosphere coupling establishment module: Establish root-substrate contact channels; plant seed potatoes in the buffer layer, and utilize the geotropic growth characteristics of tuber roots to allow them to pass through the buffer layer and enter the directional induction layer, so as to achieve physical contact between the epidermis of the new tuber and the metabolically active substrate. Dynamic signal pumping module: Implements dynamic water regulation; during the tuber enlargement period, using soil matrix potential as a monitoring indicator, it regulates the water activity in the directional induction layer and utilizes plant transpiration pull and osmotic pressure difference to transport precursor substances and signaling molecules in the metabolically active matrix to the tuber cortical cells.
[0017] Using soil matrix potential as a monitoring index utilizes physical parameters to characterize the energy availability of soil water for microorganisms and plant roots within the induction layer. The purpose of choosing this index is that the metabolic activity of microorganisms (especially the secretion of extracellular enzymes) directly depends on the energy state of water rather than simply its volumetric water content. In practice, monitoring equipment can include soil tensiometers (suitable for pressures below -80 kPa), thermal active probes, or soil water potential sensors such as gypsum block resistance methods, as well as dielectric constant sensors calibrated to water potential curves. Regarding the adjustment of the index threshold, any water potential range that can maintain microorganisms from entering dormancy and without oxygen deficiency falls within the monitoring and protection scope of this invention.
[0018] The regulation of water activity within the directional induction layer does not refer to maintaining constant soil moisture, but rather to employing dynamic oscillation or pulse-like water management strategies. Its operational logic lies in artificially creating alternating cycles at the microscopic level between metabolic accumulation periods (low water activity / micro-stress state, inducing microbial secretion of secondary metabolites) and dissolution and transport periods (high water activity / rehydration state, dissolving and releasing products). In terms of regulation methods, surface drip irrigation, subsurface infiltration irrigation, micro-sprinkler irrigation, or precise tidal irrigation can be used. Regarding the regulation mode, for example, a cycle of 3-5 days can be set, with the initial irrigation volume controlled to allow the substrate to dry slightly to induce enzyme secretion, followed by sufficient irrigation to pump substances. The process of transporting precursor substances and signaling molecules using plant transpiration pull and osmotic pressure difference belongs to the biophysical category of a water-driven solute loading mechanism. The specific mechanism is as follows: During the rehydration stage, hydrophobic or macromolecular precursors (such as enzymes and oligosaccharides) accumulated in the substrate dissolve in the soil solution; subsequently, the negative pressure (transpiration pull) generated by transpiration from plant leaf stomata acts as a pump, forming a large water potential gradient (osmotic pressure difference) between the roots / tuber and the soil; the soil solution rich in signaling molecules passively flows into the apoplast space of the tuber epidermal cells via mass flow along the pressure gradient, where it is recognized or absorbed by cell membrane receptors. To enhance this transport effect, foliar application of potassium fertilizer can regulate stomatal opening to enhance transpiration power, or a small amount of surfactants such as polyglutamic acid can be applied with the water during rehydration to reduce the surface tension of the solution. These operations utilizing the plant's own physiological dynamics for substance transport fall within the scope of protection of this invention.
[0019] In this invention, the carrier skeleton construction module uses the prepared lignocellulose-precursor complex with physical adsorption properties as the basic substrate and delivers it to the matrix bioactivation module. The matrix bioactivation module transforms the substrate into a metabolically active matrix rich in extracellular enzymes and biostimulants by loading microbial communities and a temperature-controlled fermentation process, and then delivers it as a filling material to the layered spatial layout module. The layered spatial layout module uses this active matrix to construct a directional induction layer and transition structure at a specific depth underground, forming a physical spatial foundation. Based on this spatial structure, the rhizosphere coupling establishment module guides the epidermis of the new tuber to invade the directional induction layer, establishes a physical contact interface, and forms a feedback signal. Based on this physical contact interface, the dynamic signal pumping module uses the real-time monitored soil matrix potential as trigger data and drives the precursor substances and signal molecules in the matrix to be directionally transmitted to the tuber cells through the coupling channel by controlling the pulse oscillation of water activity.
[0020] Preferably, in the carrier skeleton construction module, the physical crushing adopts a biaxial differential speed shredding process to process the structural organic fiber material into flocculent fiber bundles with a microfiber exposure rate of more than 85%; the mixing ratio is: the ratio of the dry weight of the structural organic fiber material to the dry weight of the organic precursor material is 1:(2.0-2.5).
[0021] Preferably, in the carrier skeleton construction module, the structural organic fiber material is selected from one or more of corn stalks, wheat stalks, rice stalks, sorghum stalks, sugarcane bagasse, reeds, or cotton stalks; the organic precursor material is selected from one or more of decomposed sheep manure, decomposed cow manure, fermented soybean meal, rabbit manure, earthworm castings, or biogas residue; and the mixing ratio of the two is adjusted according to the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio after mixing is maintained between 25:1 and 30:1.
[0022] Preferably, in the matrix bioactivation module, the composite microbial community includes at least: Cellulose-degrading fungi capable of secreting cellulase and xylanase, selected from Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma reesei, Trichoderma cornii, or Aspergillus niger; A group of macromolecular degrading bacteria capable of secreting proteases and amylases, selected from Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or Bacillus megaterium; And the secretory group of secondary metabolites that secrete plant growth regulators or resistance inducers, selected from Streptomyces flavus, Streptomyces griseus, or Streptomyces densiflorus.
[0023] Preferably, in the dynamic signal pumping module, the regulation of water activity within the directional induction layer employs a microscopic dry-wet alternating cycle strategy, including: Metabolic accumulation stage: Control the irrigation amount to reduce the substrate water potential to the micro-stress range, and induce microorganisms to secrete secondary metabolites and extracellular enzyme systems; Dissolution and transport stage: Increase irrigation to raise the substrate water potential back to the rehydration range, utilize the products accumulated by water dissolution and transport them to the tuber cortex through the mass flow generated by plant transpiration pull.
[0024] Preferably, in the dynamic signal pumping module, the specific threshold for monitoring soil matrix potential is dynamically adjusted according to soil texture: In loam or light clay, the monitoring threshold is set to -25 kPa to -45 kPa; In sandy soil, the monitoring threshold is adjusted to -10 kPa to -30 kPa; In heavy clay, the monitoring threshold was adjusted to -30 kPa to -60 kPa.
[0025] Preferably, in the layered spatial layout module, the depth range of the directional induction layer is adjusted according to the tuber morphology of the yam variety: for long cylindrical yams, the layer is located between 30cm and 120cm below the ground surface; for flat or short rod-shaped yams, the layer is located between 20cm and 60cm below the ground surface; for shallow trough cultivation, the layer is located in the middle and lower section of the guide trough.
[0026] Preferably, in the carrier skeleton construction module, the organic precursor material is sheep manure with a decomposition degree of III; the adjustment of moisture content specifically involves spraying water to make the moisture content of the mixture reach 55%-60%, and using the colloidal viscosity of the wetted sheep manure to form a coating layer on the surface of the fiber bundle.
[0027] Preferably, in the matrix bioactivation module, the composite microbial community includes Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces flavus, with an effective viable count ratio of 2:2:1 and an inoculation amount of 0.3% of the wet weight of the composite.
[0028] Preferably, in the substrate bioactivation module, the composting process adopts a segmented temperature control method: in the first stage, the temperature of the compost pile is controlled at 50℃-55℃ for 1-3 days; in the second stage, the temperature is reduced to 40℃-45℃ by turning the pile to dissipate heat and is maintained for 3-4 days; the criteria for terminating the treatment are: the temperature at the center of the pile naturally drops below 35℃, and the white mycelium coverage rate in the substrate pores reaches more than 80%.
[0029] Preferably, in the layered spatial layout module, the directional induction layer is located 30cm to 120cm below the ground surface, with a bulk density of 0.6-0.8g / cm³; the buffer layer is located 0cm to 25cm below the ground surface; and the mixed medium transition zone is located 25cm to 35cm below the ground surface, and is formed by mixing and compacting the metabolically active matrix and the in-situ soil at a volume ratio of 1:1.
[0030] Preferably, in the rhizosphere coupling establishment module, the physical contact is manifested as a mycorrhizal sheath structure formed by the mycelial network in the metabolically active matrix attaching to the tuber epidermis.
[0031] Preferably, in the dynamic signal pumping module, the dynamic water regulation adopts a periodic pulse mode: controlling the substrate water potential to fluctuate between -25kPa and -45kPa; the fluctuation process includes: a stress period in which irrigation is stopped and the water potential drops to -45kPa, and a rehydration period in which irrigation is started and the water potential rises back to -25kPa.
[0032] Preferably, the cycle of the periodic pulse pattern is 3 to 5 days, and the duration is from the 90th to the 135th day of the yam tuber enlargement period.
[0033] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows: (1) This invention constructs a lignocellulose-precursor complex and a metabolically active differentiation-inducing matrix, utilizes a biaxial differential longitudinal filamentation and spun fiber process to highly expose straw microfibers, combines them with sheep manure colloids to form a physical support carrier with high adsorption capacity, and uses a tiered variable-temperature fermentation strategy to directionally enrich microbial extracellular enzyme systems and oligosaccharide excitons; further, with the construction of a deep underground directional induction intervention layer, it achieves precise spatial matching between induction signals and nutrient precursors in the tuber enlargement target area. This system utilizes microorganisms to continuously degrade the fiber skeleton within the induction layer to produce endogenous biostimulants, effectively solving the problem in existing planting models where the soil microecological environment is singular, lacks specific biochemical signals for inducing mucilage cell differentiation, and the spatial misalignment of inducing substances with tubers leads to simple volume expansion of tuber cortical cells without initiating functional differentiation programs.
[0034] (2) This invention establishes a rhizosphere-matrix biochemical coupling channel and implements pulsed dynamic water regulation. It utilizes the direct physical contact between the tuber epidermis and the mycelial network in the matrix to form a mycorrhizal sheath structure, breaking down the interfacial barrier for rhizosphere material exchange. During the critical swelling period, it utilizes the periodic oscillation of the matrix water potential to artificially create an alternating cycle of microbial metabolic accumulation and product dissolution and release. Furthermore, it leverages the plant transpiration pull generated during the rehydration period to produce a strong mass flow, directionally pumping dissolved high-concentration amino acid substrates and signaling molecules into the tuber cortex tissue. This active dynamic transport mechanism reprograms the cell development pathway, effectively solving the problem that macromolecular inducing substances are difficult to penetrate the dense epidermis and enter the cell interior in a static soil moisture environment, resulting in insufficient substrates for yam mucilage synthesis and low medicinal quality. Attached Figure Description
[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0036] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
[0037] At the same time, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to actual scale.
[0038] The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the scope of this application and its application or use.
[0039] Techniques, methods, and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and equipment should be considered part of the specification.
[0040] See Figure 1 The overall structural diagram of the present invention shows that the embodiments of the present invention provide an intervention system for yam tuber cells based on different soil environments, including: Carrier framework construction module: Prepare lignocellulose-precursor complex; Select structural organic fiber material and organic precursor material rich in active nitrogen source, mix them in a predetermined ratio after physical crushing, adjust the moisture content to saturation, and use the colloidal properties of organic precursor material to encapsulate the structural organic fiber material to prepare a physical support carrier with adsorption properties. Matrix bioactivation module: Preparation of differentiation-inducing matrix; Inoculation of composite microbial community into the lignocellulose-precursor complex, composting under aerobic conditions, and induction of microbial growth and secretion of extracellular enzyme system in the carrier pores by temperature control to obtain a metabolically active matrix containing biostimulants; Layered spatial layout module: Construct an underground layered planting structure; Establish a differentiated medium layer in the vertical direction of the planting plot, with the lower layer being a directional induction layer filled with the metabolically active matrix, the upper layer being a buffer layer composed of in-situ soil, and a mixed medium transition zone set between the two layers; Rhizosphere coupling establishment module: Establish root-substrate contact channels; plant seed potatoes in the buffer layer, and utilize the geotropic growth characteristics of tuber roots to allow them to pass through the buffer layer and enter the directional induction layer, so as to achieve physical contact between the epidermis of the new tuber and the metabolically active substrate. Dynamic signal pumping module: Implements dynamic water regulation; during the tuber enlargement period, using soil matrix potential as a monitoring indicator, it regulates the water activity in the directional induction layer and utilizes plant transpiration pull and osmotic pressure difference to transport precursor substances and signaling molecules in the metabolically active matrix to the tuber cortical cells.
[0041] Preparation Example 1: Preparation of lignocellulose-precursor complex. This preparation example describes the specific process of the carrier skeleton construction module.
[0042] Corn stalks harvested in the current season and naturally air-dried to a moisture content of 12%-15% were selected as structural organic fiber materials. A dual-shaft differential speed shredder with a spindle speed of 2800 r / min and a differential speed ratio of 1:1.2 was used to longitudinally filamentize the stalks, breaking down the waxy layer and siliceous cell walls on the stalk surface, processing them into flocculent fiber bundles, so that the exposure rate of internal cellulose microfibrils reached over 85%.
[0043] Grade III decomposed sheep manure was used as the organic precursor material, and was crushed and sieved (pore size <5mm) for later use. The two materials were mixed in a mixer at a dry weight ratio of 1:2.5 (straw fiber: sheep manure). During the mixing process, atomized water was sprayed to adjust the overall moisture content of the mixture to 55%-60%. Under these humidity conditions, the humic acids in the sheep manure absorbed water and became colloidal. Through mechanical mixing, they adhered evenly to and coated the surface of the hydrophilic flocculent fiber bundles, forming a lignocellulose-precursor complex with a fiber skeleton support and a colloidal adsorption layer, which is used to subsequently carry microbial metabolites.
[0044] Preparation Example 2: Preparation of Metabolic Activity Differentiation Induction Matrix. This preparation example describes the specific process of the matrix bioactivation module.
[0045] The complex prepared in Example 1 was used as the fermentation substrate. A composite microbial inoculum consisting of *Trichoderma harzianum*, *Bacillus subtilis*, and *Streptomyces flavus* was inoculated, with a viable cell ratio of 2:2:1. The inoculum amount was 0.3% of the substrate wet weight. After inoculation, the material is piled up for aerobic composting, using a two-stage variable temperature management system: Bacterial enzymatic hydrolysis period: In the early stage of composting (days 1-3), the temperature of the pile naturally rises and is maintained at 50℃-55℃ by relying on the metabolic heat generated by Bacillus subtilis, which promotes the initial degradation of macromolecular organic nitrogen in sheep manure.
[0046] Fungal propagation period: Days 4-7, increase the frequency of mechanical turning (twice daily) to dissipate heat and forcibly control the pile temperature within the range of 40℃-45℃. This temperature range is used to induce Trichoderma harzianum mycelia to extend into the microstructure of straw fibers. Termination criteria: When the temperature at the center of the pile naturally drops below 35℃, and the white mycelial coverage of the internal pores and surface of the substrate exceeds 80%, and the odor of the material changes to an ester / sour smell without ammonia, fermentation is terminated. Spread the material out to air dry until the moisture content is 30%, thus obtaining the metabolic activity differentiation induction substrate.
[0047] Preparation Example 3: Construction of underground stratified planting structure. This preparation example describes the field operation of the stratified spatial layout module and the rhizosphere coupling establishment module.
[0048] Excavate vertical planting trenches 25cm wide and 100cm deep in the planting area. Backfilling is carried out in the following layers: Directional induction layer (30cm-100cm underground): Fill with the metabolically active matrix prepared in Preparation Example 2, and after natural settling, the bulk density is about 0.6-0.8g / cm³.
[0049] Transitional mixing zone (25cm-35cm underground): Above the directional induction layer, a 10cm thick mixing medium is laid. This medium is a mechanical mixture of metabolically active matrix and in-situ soil at a volume ratio of 1:1. The purpose of this layer is to use soil particles to fill the large pores of the matrix, construct a continuous soil capillary structure, and ensure the vertical conduction of water between soil layers.
[0050] Buffer layer (0cm-25cm underground): Backfill with in-situ loam and level. During planting, plant the yam seed tubers in the buffer layer, 5cm below the surface. During growth, the new tubers, under the influence of gravity, descend vertically through the buffer layer and transition mixing zone, entering the directional induction layer. The mycelial network in the substrate, attracted by root exudates, attaches to the tuber epidermis, forming a physical contact interface.
[0051] Preparation Example 4: Moisture Pulse Control Operation. This preparation example describes the control method of the dynamic signal pumping module.
[0052] Water management was conducted from day 90 to day 135 after yam planting (tuber enlargement period) using a soil tensiometer buried 60 cm underground. A periodic pulsed regulation of drying and rehydration was employed, with the specific cyclical operation as follows: Rainfall stress: Irrigation was stopped, allowing the crop to naturally transpirage and consume soil moisture, gradually lowering the substrate water potential in the directional induction layer from -25 kPa to -45 kPa (taking approximately 3-5 days). Under this low water potential environment, *Trichoderma harzianum* was induced to secrete chitinase and oligosaccharide metabolites, which accumulated in the rhizosphere.
[0053] Rehydration pumping: When the tensiometer reading reaches -45 kPa, the drip irrigation system is activated for rapid water replenishment until the substrate water potential recovers to -25 kPa. Water quickly enters the substrate to dissolve accumulated metabolic products and precursors (amino acids, etc.). At this time, combined with the transpiration pull of plant leaves, the soil solution containing these substances is absorbed by the tuber epidermis through mass flow. This cycle is repeated every 3-5 days, maintaining microbial metabolic activity and promoting the directional transport of substances to the tuber tissue through repeated water fluctuations.
[0054] Finally: The above description is only a preferred preparation example of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. An intervention system for yam tuber cells based on different soil environments, characterized in that, include: Carrier framework construction module: Preparation of lignocellulose-precursor complex; Structural organic fiber materials and organic precursor materials rich in active nitrogen sources are selected, physically crushed, and mixed in a predetermined ratio. The moisture content is adjusted to saturation. The colloidal properties of the organic precursor materials are used to encapsulate the structural organic fiber materials to prepare a physical support carrier with adsorption properties. Matrix bioactivation module: Preparation of differentiation-inducing matrix; Inoculation of composite microbial community into the lignocellulose-precursor complex, composting under aerobic conditions, and induction of microbial growth and secretion of extracellular enzyme system in the carrier pores by temperature control to obtain a metabolically active matrix containing biostimulants; Layered spatial layout module: Construct an underground layered planting structure; Establish a differentiated medium layer in the vertical direction of the planting plot, with the lower layer being a directional induction layer filled with the metabolically active matrix, the upper layer being a buffer layer composed of in-situ soil, and a mixed medium transition zone set between the two layers; Rhizosphere coupling establishment module: Establish root-substrate contact channels; plant seed potatoes in the buffer layer, and utilize the geotropic growth characteristics of tuber roots to allow them to pass through the buffer layer and enter the directional induction layer, so as to achieve physical contact between the epidermis of the new tuber and the metabolically active substrate. Dynamic signal pumping module: Implements dynamic water regulation; during the tuber enlargement period, using soil matrix potential as a monitoring indicator, it regulates the water activity in the directional induction layer and utilizes plant transpiration pull and osmotic pressure difference to transport precursor substances and signaling molecules in the metabolically active matrix to the tuber cortical cells.
2. The intervention system for yam tuber cells based on different soil environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the carrier skeleton construction module, the structural organic fiber material is selected from one or more of corn stalks, wheat stalks, rice stalks, sorghum stalks, sugarcane bagasse, reeds, or cotton stalks; the organic precursor material is selected from one or more of decomposed sheep manure, decomposed cow manure, fermented soybean meal, rabbit manure, earthworm castings, or biogas residue; and the mixing ratio of the two is adjusted according to the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio after mixing is maintained between 25:1 and 30:
1.
3. The intervention system for yam tuber cells based on different soil environments according to claim 2, characterized in that, The complex microbial community includes at least: Cellulose-degrading fungi capable of secreting cellulase and xylanase, selected from Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma reesei, Trichoderma cornii, or Aspergillus niger; A group of macromolecular degrading bacteria capable of secreting proteases and amylases, selected from Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or Bacillus megaterium; And the secretory group of secondary metabolites that secrete plant growth regulators or resistance inducers, selected from Streptomyces flavus, Streptomyces griseus, or Streptomyces densiflorus.
4. The intervention system for yam tuber cells based on different soil environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the matrix bioactivation module, the composite microbial community includes Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces flavus, with an effective viable count ratio of 2:2:1 and an inoculum amount of 0.3% of the wet weight of the composite.
5. The intervention system for yam tuber cells based on different soil environments according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the substrate bioactivation module, the composting process adopts a segmented temperature control method: in the first stage, the temperature of the compost pile is controlled at 50℃-55℃ for 1-3 days; in the second stage, the temperature is reduced to 40℃-45℃ by turning the pile to dissipate heat and is maintained for 3-4 days; the criteria for terminating the treatment are: the temperature at the center of the pile naturally drops below 35℃, and the white mycelium coverage rate in the matrix pores reaches more than 80%.
6. The intervention system for yam tuber cells based on different soil environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the layered spatial layout module, the directional induction layer is located 30cm to 120cm below the ground surface, with a bulk density of 0.6-0.8g / cm³; the buffer layer is located 0cm to 25cm below the ground surface; and the mixed medium transition zone is located 25cm to 35cm below the ground surface, and is formed by mixing and compacting the metabolic active matrix and the in-situ soil at a volume ratio of 1:
1.
7. The intervention system for yam tuber cells based on different soil environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the rhizosphere coupling establishment module, the physical contact is manifested as the mycorrhizal sheath structure formed by the mycorrhizal network in the metabolically active matrix attaching to the tuber epidermis.
8. The intervention system for yam tuber cells based on different soil environments according to claim 7, characterized in that, The regulation of water activity within the directional induction layer employs a microscopic-level alternating wet and dry cycle strategy, including: Metabolic accumulation stage: Control the irrigation amount to reduce the substrate water potential to the micro-stress range, and induce microorganisms to secrete secondary metabolites and extracellular enzyme systems; Dissolution and transport stage: Increase irrigation to raise the substrate water potential back to the rehydration range, utilize the products accumulated by water dissolution and transport them to the tuber cortex through the mass flow generated by plant transpiration pull.
9. The intervention system for yam tuber cells based on different soil environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the dynamic signal pumping module, the dynamic water regulation adopts a periodic pulse mode: controlling the substrate water potential to fluctuate between -25kPa and -45kPa; The fluctuation process includes a stress period in which irrigation is stopped, causing the water level to drop to -45 kPa, and a recovery period in which irrigation is started, causing the water level to rise back to -25 kPa.
10. The intervention system for yam tuber cells based on different soil environments according to claim 9, characterized in that, The cycle of the periodic pulse pattern is 3 to 5 days, and the duration is from the 90th to the 135th day of the yam tuber enlargement period.