Explosion-proof dispersion promoting system for hydrogen storage area of hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated station and application

Abstract

The invention discloses an explosion-proof dispersion promoting system for a hydrogen storage area of a hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated station and application. The explosion-proof dispersion promoting system comprises an air pipeline module and a monitoring communication module. The monitoring module detects leakage through a tank pressure and multi-azimuth hydrogen concentration sensor, an accident judgment unit judges the accident grade and controls a corresponding branch control valve and a main valve to be opened, a high-speed air outlet vertically and upwards sprays airflow, a firewall is matched to guide combustible hydrogen cloud to move to the high position, and dissipation is accelerated by means of natural wind gradient. And fire blast accidents caused by hydrogen cloud gathering are prevented. According to the system, millisecond-level response and directional accurate dispersion promotion are realized, the defects of low dispersion promotion efficiency and no directional response of the existing system are overcome, and the safety of the integrated station is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen energy safety technology, specifically to an explosion-proof and dispersion-promoting system for the hydrogen storage area of ​​an integrated hydrogen production and refueling station and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Integrated hydrogen production and refueling stations, as large-scale facilities integrating hydrogen production, storage, transportation, and refueling functions, reduce the safety hazards caused by long-distance hydrogen transportation compared to traditional hydrogen refueling stations, while also lowering hydrogen transportation costs, effectively promoting cost reduction and efficiency improvement in the hydrogen energy industry. Currently, many regions across the country are accelerating the pilot construction of integrated hydrogen production and refueling stations to support the development of the national hydrogen energy industry.

[0003] Existing integrated hydrogen production and refueling stations typically employ high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage (exceeding 20 MPa). Their storage areas are generally located in open-air environments, and their hydrogen storage capacity is significantly higher than that of traditional refueling stations. Under high pressure, storage tanks and valves are prone to hydrogen embrittlement, potentially leading to accidental leaks of high-pressure gaseous hydrogen. In severe cases, this can result in hydrogen cloud explosions, causing personal injury and property damage. To mitigate the hazards of such accidents, the outdoor hydrogen storage areas of existing integrated stations are typically equipped with leak detection, alarm, and emergency shut-off devices. This safety and explosion-proof system detects hydrogen leaks using hydrogen concentration sensors, immediately sends an alarm to the central control room, and simultaneously shuts off the hydrogen supply to the storage tanks.

[0004] However, existing explosion-proof safety systems for hydrogen storage areas have significant design flaws. Firstly, most existing outdoor hydrogen storage area explosion-proof systems lack active dispersion equipment. The densely packed buildings within integrated hydrogen production and refueling stations mean that firewalls and surrounding facilities in the storage area can obstruct natural airflow, creating calm zones at low altitudes that hinder the natural dissipation of hydrogen clouds. This results in flammable hydrogen clouds from leaked hydrogen accumulating within the storage area, leading to prolonged dissipation times and a risk of sympathetic explosion, endangering personnel. Secondly, while some outdoor hydrogen storage areas use fans for dispersion, this mechanical ventilation is inefficient and cannot quickly dissipate large amounts of hydrogen. It also cannot accurately respond to directional leaks, resulting in extremely limited overall dispersion effectiveness. Therefore, addressing the shortcomings of existing explosion-proof systems in hydrogen storage areas—namely, the lack of active directional dispersion and low dispersion efficiency—requires a novel system design to achieve millisecond-level response to leaked hydrogen, precise directional dispersion, and improved system explosion-proof safety. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide an explosion-proof dispersion system for the hydrogen storage area of ​​an integrated hydrogen production and refueling station. Upon receiving a hydrogen leak signal, a high-speed airflow is ejected upwards from the air outlet through the ground grid plate of the hydrogen storage area to actively promote the movement of the combustible hydrogen cloud to higher ground. Utilizing the stratification characteristics of natural wind gradients (the higher the altitude, the greater the wind speed), the system accelerates the dissipation of the hydrogen cloud. Simultaneously, the system achieves precise response to directional hydrogen leaks, significantly increasing dispersion efficiency compared to traditional mechanical ventilation systems and greatly improving the safety of the integrated station.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: Firstly, this invention provides an explosion-proof and dispersion-promoting system for the hydrogen storage area of ​​an integrated hydrogen production and refueling station. The explosion-proof and dispersion-promoting system of this invention comprises two core units: an air pipeline module and a monitoring and communication module. The structure and connection relationships of each unit are as follows, and the mandatory structures and optional configurations of the system are clearly defined to adapt to different application scenarios.

[0007] Air duct module: a high-pressure reserve, low-pressure distribution, and directional injection airflow supply system. This module is responsible for providing a stable and controllable high-speed airflow. Functionally, it is divided into a high-pressure reserve section above ground and a low-pressure distribution section underground. These sections are connected in series through pipelines to form a complete airflow channel. The core design revolves around "anti-backflow, controllability, and precise injection".

[0008] The above-ground high-pressure storage section mainly consists of a high-pressure gas storage tank, a high-pressure check valve, a main control valve, and a pressure reducing valve. Its core function is to achieve high-pressure gas storage and pressure regulation. The high-pressure gas storage tank is used to store sufficient air (or inert gas). Its outlet is connected to the underground low-pressure gas storage tank through a high-pressure steel pipe. Along the airflow direction, the high-pressure check valve, the main control valve, and the pressure reducing valve are connected in series on the high-pressure steel pipe: the high-pressure check valve can effectively prevent gas backflow and avoid equipment damage caused by pipeline pressure fluctuations; the main control valve acts as the main switch, and its opening degree is adjusted by the accident judgment unit according to the accident level to achieve graded control of the gas flow supply; the pressure reducing valve reduces the high-pressure gas pressure to the range suitable for the low-pressure gas storage tank, ensuring the safe operation of downstream pipelines.

[0009] The underground low-pressure distribution section includes a low-pressure gas storage tank, a low-pressure check valve, multiple branch control valves, and multiple high-speed air outlets. Its core function is to distribute gas at stable pressure to each nozzle for directional injection. The low-pressure gas storage tank is connected to each high-speed air outlet via corrosion-resistant steel pipes. A low-pressure check valve and a branch control valve are connected in series on these pipes. The low-pressure check valve further blocks the gas backflow path, while the branch control valves are directly connected to hydrogen concentration sensors at corresponding locations, enabling a rapid "sensor trigger - valve opening" response. Each branch control valve independently controls one high-speed air outlet, ensuring precise dispersion of leaked gas.

[0010] Key design features of the high-speed air outlet: The outlet is arranged near the ground along the firewall surrounding the hydrogen storage area, with its length matching that of the firewall. The airflow direction is vertically upward, perfectly matching the principle of natural wind gradient guidance. A grille is installed at the outlet to effectively prevent blockages caused by debris intrusion, ensuring stable airflow. If space is limited, the outlet can be replaced with multiple small nozzles arranged side by side, as long as the equivalent airflow effect is achieved.

[0011] Flexible configuration options: For scenarios with small hydrogen storage capacity, the above-ground high-pressure storage section (including high-pressure gas storage tank, high-pressure check valve and corresponding pipelines) can be omitted. A main control valve can be directly installed at the outlet of the low-pressure gas storage tank, which can be directly controlled by the accident judgment unit, simplifying the structure and reducing costs. If an explosion-proof rating needs to be improved, air can be replaced with inert gases such as nitrogen, but nitrogen generators and other equipment need to be added. To save ground space, the entire air pipeline module can also be installed underground, requiring proper design for corrosion protection and maintenance access.

[0012] Monitoring and Communication Module: The control core of dual-parameter monitoring, intelligent judgment, and graded response. This module is the "brain and nerves" of the system, including an accident judgment unit, an integrated alarm system, multiple hydrogen concentration sensors, and multiple tank pressure sensors. Through signal transmission and command issuance, it achieves intelligent control of the entire process of leakage accidents.

[0013] Sensor Placement and Functions: Hydrogen concentration sensors are installed on the firewalls surrounding the hydrogen storage area, requiring high accuracy and sensitivity to enable real-time monitoring of leaked hydrogen. Tank pressure sensors are installed inside each high-pressure hydrogen storage tank to simultaneously monitor the operating status of the hydrogen storage equipment. The outputs of both types of sensors are connected to the input of the accident determination unit, forming a dual-parameter monitoring network of "ambient concentration - equipment pressure," providing comprehensive data support for accident determination.

[0014] The core function of the accident determination unit: As the core of the system control, it must possess stable logic processing, signal reception and transmission, data storage, and programmable functions. Its core role is to determine the accident level based on sensor signals and issue corresponding handling instructions. The determination logic and handling plan are divided into three levels to achieve "precise classification and on-demand response": Mild threat: The tank pressure sensor is normal, but an abnormality occurs when any hydrogen concentration sensor is activated. At this time, the integrated alarm system activates a mild alarm, the main control valve opening is adjusted to 10%, and the high-speed air outlet nozzle velocity is controlled at 30m / s to achieve local dispersion with minimal energy consumption.

[0015] Moderate threat: Triggered when the tank pressure sensor malfunctions and 1-2 hydrogen concentration sensors malfunction. The alarm system activates a moderate alarm, the main control valve opening is adjusted to 25%-50%, the nozzle flow velocity is increased to 50m / s, and the airflow guidance is strengthened.

[0016] Severe Threat: Triggered when the tank pressure sensor malfunctions and 3-4 hydrogen concentration sensors malfunction. The alarm system activates a severe alarm, the main control valve opening is adjusted to 75%-100%, and the nozzle flow velocity is increased to 100m / s to achieve maximum intensity of full-area dispersion and quickly control the risk of leakage.

[0017] Alarm and Communication Design: The integrated alarm system connects to the accident determination unit and outputs audible and visual alarms of different intensities according to the accident level to promptly remind on-site personnel to take action; the communication method can use traditional cable transmission or can be replaced by wireless signal transmission, but electromagnetic interference prevention measures must be taken to ensure the stability of signal transmission.

[0018] To ensure the explosion-proof dispersion effect, this system must have the following structural features and components, which cannot be replaced or omitted: All gas storage tank outlets must be equipped with check valves to form a complete backflow prevention chain and prevent gas backflow from causing equipment failure; The hydrogen storage area must be equipped with firewalls in four directions, and the walls must be integrated with high-precision and high-sensitivity hydrogen concentration sensors to ensure that there are no blind spots in leak detection. The tank pressure sensor must be installed inside each hydrogen storage tank and have the same accuracy and sensitivity as the hydrogen concentration sensor to ensure the reliability of equipment status monitoring. High-speed air outlets must be arranged near the ground around the perimeter of the firewall. Each outlet is controlled by an independent branch control valve. The length of the outlet is basically the same as that of the firewall. The airflow is sprayed vertically upwards and must be equipped with a grille. The branch control valve must be directly linked to the hydrogen concentration sensor in the corresponding location to ensure rapid and accurate leak response.

[0019] Specifically, the system must have the following structural features and components: a one-way valve must be installed at the outlet of the gas storage tank to prevent gas backflow; the accident determination unit must have stable logic processing, signal reception and transmission, read / write and storage, and controllable programming functions; firewalls located at the four directions of the hydrogen storage area, with high-precision and high-sensitivity hydrogen concentration sensors integrated into the walls; tank pressure sensors must be installed inside each hydrogen storage tank, with high accuracy and sensitivity; high-speed airflow outlets must be arranged around the firewalls, located on the ground near the firewalls, with each outlet independently controlled by a corresponding branch control valve, and its length should be basically consistent with the length of the firewall, with the airflow direction vertically upward, and a grille installed at the outlet to prevent debris from entering and causing blockage; each branch control valve must be directly and independently controlled by the hydrogen concentration sensor at the corresponding location to achieve rapid response.

[0020] Some structures and parts of the system are replaceable: the gas can be replaced with an inert gas such as nitrogen, but a nitrogen generator is required, which may increase costs; to save space in the integrated station, the entire air pipeline module can be installed underground, but this may increase costs; the air outlet can be replaced with multiple small nozzles arranged side by side, as long as they can achieve an equivalent air outlet effect; communication cable transmission can be replaced with wireless signal transmission, but electromagnetic interference needs to be controlled.

[0021] The following structural features and optional parts of the system are available: If the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage area is small, it is possible to choose not to install the high-pressure gas storage tank and its corresponding valves, pipelines, communication cables, etc. In this case, a main control valve must be installed at the outlet of the low-pressure gas storage tank and directly controlled by the accident judgment unit.

[0022] Secondly, this invention provides an application of the above-mentioned system in the prevention and control of hydrogen leakage in the hydrogen storage area of ​​an integrated hydrogen production and refueling station. The application process of this system in the prevention and control of hydrogen leakage in the hydrogen storage area of ​​an integrated hydrogen production and refueling station forms a closed loop, specifically including four steps: Real-time monitoring: Hydrogen concentration sensors continuously monitor the hydrogen concentration around the hydrogen storage area, while tank pressure sensors simultaneously collect pressure data inside the hydrogen storage tank. Both types of data are transmitted to the accident determination unit in real time. Accident determination: The accident determination unit performs logical analysis on the received signals and automatically determines whether the accident is a minor, moderate or severe threat based on the dual-parameter standard of "whether the tank pressure is abnormal + the number of abnormal concentration sensors". Tiered Response: The accident determination unit simultaneously issues three sets of instructions: activates the corresponding level alarm by regulating the integrated alarm system, adjusts the opening of the main control valve to control the air supply, and sets the flow rate of the high-speed air outlet nozzle; at the same time, the hydrogen concentration sensor corresponding to the leak location directly triggers the opening of the control valve of that branch to achieve directional high-speed airflow injection. Highly efficient dispersion: The high-speed vertical airflow, combined with the firewall's blocking effect, guides the leaked hydrogen to higher ground, using the high wind speed at higher altitudes to accelerate its mixing and dissipation with the air, avoiding local accumulation and blocking the formation of explosion conditions from the source.

[0023] This invention achieves explosion-proof dispersion based on two core principles: First, the principle of natural wind gradient guidance: Utilizing the gradient stratification characteristic of the outdoor environment where "wind speed increases with altitude," a high-speed airflow is injected vertically upwards. Combined with the firewall's obstruction of the horizontal diffusion of hydrogen, a "vertically upward" forced guiding force is formed, propelling the less dense flammable hydrogen cloud upwards. The high wind speeds at higher altitudes accelerate the mixing and dilution of hydrogen with air, significantly shortening the time the hydrogen cloud remains in the dangerous concentration range, thus reducing the risk of explosion along the diffusion path.

[0024] Second, the principle of multi-dimensional and precise response: By deploying high-sensitivity sensors around the firewall of the hydrogen storage area, the location of the leak can be identified in a directional manner; combined with the monitoring of the operating status of the tank pressure sensor inside the hydrogen storage tank, a dual-parameter judgment system of "concentration-pressure" is constructed; and then through the linkage control of independent branch control valves and corresponding nozzles, a rapid response mechanism of "leak point location - accident level judgment - directional dispersion" is formed, avoiding the resource waste and inefficiency caused by traditional all-area disposal.

[0025] The key innovation of this invention lies in: 1. Propose a “systematic solution” for leakage prevention and control in outdoor hydrogen storage areas: break through the limitations of traditional single monitoring or passive protection, integrate gas flow supply, precise monitoring, intelligent judgment, and graded disposal into one, forming a full-process prevention and control system covering “leakage monitoring - accident judgment - dissipation disposal”; 2. Pioneering a collaborative guidance mechanism of "high-speed airflow + firewall": Utilizing the characteristics of natural wind gradient, the hydrogen cloud is guided to dissipate upwards by a vertically upward high-speed airflow, solving the drawback of traditional firewalls that can only block horizontal diffusion and greatly improving the dissipation efficiency. 3. Construct a "dual-parameter intelligent classification" response logic: Based on the comprehensive signals from tank pressure and concentration sensors, determine the accident level and match different airflow supply and injection schemes to achieve "on-demand prevention and control," reducing energy consumption while ensuring the accuracy of response; 4. Achieve “Precise Targeted Leak Response”: Through the linkage design of multi-directional sensors and independent branch control, the leak location is accurately located and the corresponding nozzle is activated, avoiding the waste of resources in the whole-area disposal and significantly improving the efficiency of explosion-proof dispersion.

[0026] The advantages and beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The system of this invention directly controls the corresponding branch control valve through a hydrogen concentration sensor, with a response time down to the millisecond level, enabling rapid intervention in the early stages of an accident to prevent leakage from escalating. The multi-directional branch design achieves precise directional dispersion, significantly improving dispersion efficiency compared to traditional fan ventilation. The accident determination unit automatically distinguishes accident levels and invokes corresponding response plans, achieving intelligent and automated handling while facilitating rapid personnel assessment and evacuation. The firewall and high-speed airflow work together to both block horizontal hydrogen diffusion and guide it to higher altitudes, resulting in significant explosion-proof performance. Specifically: 1. The system's accident determination unit can preliminarily determine the degree of accident threat based on the type and distribution of sensors, and call up different handling plans, thereby achieving automatic handling of accidents to a certain extent. It also helps personnel in the station to understand the accident situation as soon as possible and evacuate urgently.

[0027] 2. The system is equipped with independent hydrogen concentration sensors, air outlets and branch control valves in four directions of the hydrogen storage area, which can achieve precise response to directional hydrogen leakage and improve the dispersion efficiency of combustible hydrogen clouds.

[0028] 3. The system's hydrogen concentration sensor is integrated into the firewall. If the tank malfunctions and causes a hydrogen leak, the sensor can quickly detect the abnormal concentration caused by the high-pressure hydrogen jet hitting the firewall and simultaneously control the corresponding branch control valve to open, releasing a high-speed gas stream. Therefore, the system's response time to leaks can be controlled within milliseconds, enabling rapid intervention in the early stages of an incident to prevent further escalation.

[0029] 4. The system uses a firewall to prevent leaked hydrogen from spreading horizontally to other areas of the integrated station, and uses high-speed airflow to drive the flammable hydrogen cloud away from the ground, effectively blocking the leaked hydrogen from contacting personnel, equipment and potential ignition sources in the station, resulting in a significant explosion-proof effect. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a front cross-sectional view of the explosion-proof and dispersion-promoting system for the hydrogen storage area of ​​the integrated hydrogen production and refueling station of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a top view of the explosion-proof dispersion system of the hydrogen storage area in the integrated hydrogen production and refueling station of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a perspective three-dimensional schematic diagram of the branch section of the explosion-proof dispersion system in the hydrogen storage area of ​​the integrated hydrogen production and refueling station of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the explosion-proof and dispersion-promoting system of the hydrogen storage area in the integrated hydrogen production and refueling station of this invention.

[0034] Figure 5 The images show a comparison of the effects of the explosion-proof and dispersion-promoting system for the hydrogen storage area of ​​the integrated hydrogen production and refueling station of this invention before (a) and after (b).

[0035] In the diagram: 1. High-pressure gas storage tank; 2. High-pressure check valve; 3. Main control valve; 4. Pressure reducing valve; 5. Low-pressure gas storage tank; 6. Low-pressure check valve; 7.1. First branch control valve; 7.2. Second branch control valve; 7.3. Third branch control valve; 7.4. Third branch control valve; 8.1. First branch high-speed air outlet; 8.2. Second branch high-speed air outlet; 8.3. Third branch high-speed air outlet; 8.4. Fourth branch high-speed air outlet; 9.1. First branch hydrogen concentration sensor; 9.2. Second branch hydrogen concentration sensor; 9.3. Third branch hydrogen concentration sensor; 9.4. Fourth branch hydrogen concentration sensor; 10. Fire wall of hydrogen storage area; 11. Integrated alarm system; 12. Accident determination unit; 13. Tank pressure sensor; 14. High-pressure hydrogen storage tank. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0037] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figure 3, the explosion-proof and dispersion-promoting system for the hydrogen storage area of ​​the integrated hydrogen production and refueling station of this invention is divided into an air pipeline module and a monitoring and communication module, which are respectively located in... Figure 1 and Figure 4 The center is represented by solid lines and dashed lines.

[0038] The air piping module includes the following components: above-ground: high-pressure gas storage tank 1, high-pressure check valve 2, main control valve 3, and pressure reducing valve 4; underground: low-pressure gas storage tank 5, low-pressure check valve 6, branch control valves (7.1-7.4), and high-speed air outlets (8.1-8.4). The monitoring and communication module includes: an accident determination unit 12, an integrated alarm system 11, a hydrogen concentration sensor (9.1-9.4) installed on the fire wall 10 of the hydrogen storage area, and a tank pressure sensor 13 installed inside each high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 14.

[0039] The explosion-proof dispersion system of the hydrogen storage area in this integrated hydrogen production and refueling station is connected as follows: High-pressure steel pipes connect the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank and the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank. The high-pressure pipes contain, in sequence, a high-pressure check valve, a main control valve, and a pressure-reducing valve. Corrosion-resistant steel pipes connect the low-pressure hydrogen storage tank and each high-speed air nozzle. The pipes contain, in sequence, low-pressure check valves and branch control valves. For example, the first branch control valve 7.1 controls the first branch high-speed air outlet 8.1. The branch section is as follows... Figure 3 As shown. The input end of the accident determination unit is connected to the hydrogen concentration sensor in the corresponding direction via a cable, and the output end is connected to the main control valve, the pressure reducing valve, and the integrated alarm system. Each branch control valve is connected to the first branch hydrogen concentration sensor 9.1 via a communication cable.

[0040] like Figure 4As shown, the specific workflow of the explosion-proof dispersion system in the hydrogen storage area of ​​the integrated hydrogen production and refueling station is as follows: Initially, the pressure in the high-pressure storage tank is 10 MPa, and the pressure in the low-pressure storage tank is 0.5 MPa, both of which are full. After an accidental hydrogen leak, the tank pressure sensor and the hydrogen concentration sensor detect the abnormality and immediately send an abnormality signal to the accident determination unit. The hydrogen concentration sensor individually controls the opening of the control valve of the corresponding branch, generating a high-speed airflow at the outlet of that branch, which acts on the combustible hydrogen cloud. For example, when the tank pressure sensor and the first branch hydrogen concentration sensor 9.1 detect the abnormality, the first branch control valve 7.1 will immediately open, and the first branch high-speed air outlet 8.1 will spray airflow to achieve rapid handling of the accident. Subsequently, the accident determination unit sends the preliminary accident level to the integrated alarm system and opens the main control valve and the pressure reducing valve to reduce the high-pressure air (10 MPa) in the high-pressure storage tank to 0.5 MPa and input it into the low-pressure storage tank to maintain a constant output flow rate. After the hydrogen concentration sensor no longer detects any abnormalities, the main control valve and the pressure-reducing valve are closed, followed by the closure of each branch control valve.

[0041] like Figure 5 As shown in (a), for existing integrated hydrogen storage areas, the firewall blocks the near-surface wind field, causing flammable hydrogen clouds to linger in the storage area for extended periods, increasing the risk of combustion and explosion. In contrast, as... Figure 5 As shown in (b), after the system is installed, the high-speed airflow from the ground vents and the firewall work together to guide the flammable hydrogen cloud upwards. According to the gradient stratification of natural wind, the higher the altitude, the greater the wind speed. Therefore, under good ventilation conditions, the leaked flammable hydrogen cloud will dissipate quickly, reducing the threat to the integrated station.

[0042] As shown in Table 1, in the event of an actual leak, the accident judgment unit of the system will make corresponding judgments based on the different degrees of harm caused by the leak accident, and automatically adjust the alarm level, the opening of the main control valve, the nozzle flow rate, etc.

[0043] Table 1. System response to different accidents Example 1: This embodiment represents a complete system configuration, suitable for integrated hydrogen production and refueling stations with large hydrogen storage capacity. The specific configuration and workflow are as follows: 1. Initial state The high-pressure gas storage tank has a pressure of 10 MPa, and the low-pressure gas storage tank has a pressure of 0.5 MPa, both of which are full; all valves are closed, and hydrogen concentration sensors and tank pressure sensors monitor the environment and equipment status in real time.

[0044] 2. Work Process When a pipeline detaches or ruptures in the hydrogen storage area (while the tank remains intact), and the tank pressure sensor shows no abnormality, any hydrogen concentration sensor (e.g., 9.1) will immediately send a signal to the corresponding branch control valve (e.g., 7.1) upon detecting an abnormal hydrogen concentration. The branch control valve (e.g., 7.1) will then rapidly open, and a high-speed airflow (e.g., 8.1) will eject a high-speed airflow at a velocity of 30 m / s. Simultaneously, the hydrogen concentration sensor will transmit the abnormal signal to the accident determination unit. The accident determination unit will determine it as a minor threat, control the integrated alarm system to issue a minor alarm, and open the main control valve to 10% opening and the pressure reducing valve to reduce the high-pressure air in the high-pressure storage tank to 0.5 MPa before introducing it into the low-pressure storage tank, maintaining a constant flow velocity at the outlet. Once the hydrogen concentration sensor no longer detects an abnormality, the accident determination unit will close the main control valve and the pressure reducing valve, followed by the closure of the branch control valves, and the system will return to its initial state.

[0045] When the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is damaged (significant leakage), and the tank pressure sensor detects an anomaly, along with one or two hydrogen concentration sensors (e.g., 9.1 and 9.2), the corresponding branch control valves (7.1 and 7.2) open, and the air outlets (8.1 and 8.2) release gas at a flow rate of 50 m / s. The accident assessment unit determines it to be a moderate threat, controls the integrated alarm system to issue a moderate alarm, and adjusts the main control valve opening to 25%-50%, continuously pressurizing the low-pressure storage tank. After the anomaly is resolved, the system closes the valves according to the above procedure.

[0046] When the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is severely damaged (large leakage), the tank pressure sensor is abnormal, and 3-4 hydrogen concentration sensors detect abnormalities, all branch control valves open, and the air outlet sprays air at a flow rate of 100m / s; the accident judgment unit determines it as a severe threat, the integrated alarm system issues a severe alarm, the main control valve opening is adjusted to 75%-100%, and the air supply is fully guaranteed until the leakage is controlled and the abnormal signal disappears.

[0047] Example 2: This embodiment is applicable to integrated hydrogen production and refueling stations with relatively small hydrogen storage capacity, and adopts a simplified configuration as follows: 1. Configuration Adjustment The air piping module does not include the high-pressure air tank 1, high-pressure check valve 2, main control valve 3, and pressure reducing valve 4. It only retains the low-pressure air tank 5, low-pressure check valve 6, branch control valves (7.1-7.4), and high-speed air outlet (8.1-8.4). A main control valve is added at the outlet of the low-pressure air tank, which is directly controlled by the accident judgment unit. The initial air pressure of the low-pressure air tank is maintained at 0.5MPa and is periodically replenished by the existing compressed air system of the integrated station.

[0048] 2. Work Process When the tank pressure sensor detects an anomaly, and one hydrogen concentration sensor (e.g., 9.3) detects a leak, the branch control valve (e.g., 7.3) immediately opens, and the outlet sprays gas at a flow rate of 30 m / s. The accident determination unit classifies it as a minor threat, controls the integrated alarm system to issue a minor alarm, and opens the main control valve at the low-pressure gas tank outlet to ensure stable airflow. When the leakage increases, the tank pressure sensor malfunctions, and three hydrogen concentration sensors detect anomalies, the accident determination unit classifies it as a severe threat, controls all branch control valves to open, and the outlet sprays gas at a flow rate of 100 m / s, while simultaneously issuing a severe alarm until the anomaly is resolved.

[0049] This embodiment simplifies the configuration, meets the safety requirements of small hydrogen storage scenarios, and reduces system costs and installation space requirements, demonstrating good practicality and economy.

[0050] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., without departing from the core principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated station hydrogen storage area explosion-proof dispersion system, characterized in that: The system comprises an air pipeline module and a monitoring communication module, the hydrogen leakage and the equipment operation state in the hydrogen storage area are sensed in real time through the monitoring communication module, the air pipeline module outputs high-speed airflow to dilute and disperse the hydrogen, and the hydrogen storage area is protected against explosion. The air pipeline module comprises an aboveground part and an underground part, the aboveground part comprises a high-pressure gas tank, a high-pressure one-way valve, a total control valve and a pressure reducing valve, and the underground part comprises a low-pressure gas tank, a low-pressure one-way valve, a plurality of branch control valves and a plurality of high-speed air outlets, the high-speed air outlets are arranged along the firewalls around the hydrogen storage area and near the ground, the length of the high-speed air outlets is consistent with that of the firewalls, and the airflow is vertically injected upwards. The monitoring communication module comprises an accident determination unit, an integrated alarm system, a plurality of hydrogen concentration sensors and a plurality of tank pressure sensors, the accident determination unit is connected with the tank pressure sensors, the hydrogen concentration sensors, the total control valve, the pressure reducing valve and the integrated alarm system, each branch control valve is connected with the hydrogen concentration sensor in the corresponding direction to receive the leakage signal and control the high-speed air outlet to inject high-speed airflow.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein: The high-pressure gas tank is connected with the low-pressure gas tank through a high-pressure steel pipe, and the high-pressure steel pipe is sequentially connected with the high-pressure one-way valve, the total control valve and the pressure reducing valve.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein: The low-pressure gas tank is connected with each high-speed air outlet through a corrosion-resistant steel pipe, and the corrosion-resistant steel pipe is sequentially connected with the low-pressure one-way valve and the branch control valve, and one branch control valve controls one high-speed air outlet.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein: The hydrogen concentration sensors are installed on the firewalls around the hydrogen storage area, and the tank pressure sensors are installed in the high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks, and the output ends of the hydrogen concentration sensors and the tank pressure sensors are connected with the input end of the accident determination unit.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein: The accident determination unit can determine the accident to be a slight, moderate or severe threat according to whether the tank pressure sensor is abnormal and the number of abnormal hydrogen concentration sensors, and can control the alarm level, the opening degree of the total control valve and the jet flow rate.

6. The system according to claim 5, wherein: when the tank pressure sensor is normal and any hydrogen concentration sensor is abnormal, the accident is determined to be a slight threat, the alarm level is slight, the opening degree of the total control valve is 10%, and the jet flow rate is 30 m / s; when the tank pressure sensor is abnormal and 1-2 hydrogen concentration sensors are abnormal, the accident is determined to be a moderate threat, the alarm level is moderate, the opening degree of the total control valve is 25%-50%, and the jet flow rate is 50 m / s; and when the tank pressure sensor is abnormal and 3-4 hydrogen concentration sensors are abnormal, the accident is determined to be a severe threat, the alarm level is severe, the opening degree of the total control valve is 75%-100%, and the jet flow rate is 100 m / s.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein: The high-speed air outlets are arranged along the firewalls and near the ground, the length of the high-speed air outlets is consistent with that of the firewalls, the airflow is vertically injected upwards, and the outlets are provided with grating plates.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein: The gas in the air pipeline module is air or inert gas, and the inert gas is provided with a nitrogen generator.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein: When the hydrogen storage capacity is small, the air pipeline module is not provided with the high-pressure gas tank, the corresponding valve and pipeline, and the total control valve is arranged at the outlet of the low-pressure gas tank and directly controlled by the accident determination unit.

10. The system of any one of claims 1 to 9 in the application of hydrogen leakage prevention and control in the hydrogen storage area of a hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated station, characterized in that: In application, the accident judging unit receives the tank pressure signal of the tank pressure sensor and the hydrogen concentration signal of the hydrogen concentration sensor, determines the accident as a mild, moderate or severe threat according to whether the tank pressure is abnormal and the number of abnormal hydrogen concentration sensors, synchronously controls the alarm level of the integrated alarm system, the opening degree of the total control valve in the air pipeline module and the jet flow rate of the high-speed air outlet, and each branch control valve independently controls the corresponding high-speed air outlet to jet high-speed airflow after receiving the leakage signal of the corresponding orientation hydrogen concentration sensor, so as to realize accurate and efficient dispersion of the leaked hydrogen.

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