Prediction method for hydrogen content in steel in vacuum refining process

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for predicting the hydrogen content in steel in a vacuum refining process. The method comprises the following steps: collecting initial working condition parameters of vacuum degassing; calculating the weight and the circulating flow of molten steel in a steel ladle-vacuum chamber double-phase region; solving real-time dehydrogenation rates and dehydrogenation cumulants of three dehydrogenation paths including the interior of the molten steel, the free surface of the molten steel and the surface of the argon bubble in the unit time step length; based on a mass conservation equation, establishing a transmission equation of the hydrogen concentration in the steel ladle-vacuum chamber two-phase region steel liquid circulation process, and iteratively solving the hydrogen concentration of the steel ladle and the vacuum chamber steel liquid in unit time by utilizing a fourth-order Runge-Kutta method; and outputting the hydrogen content of the molten steel in the steel ladle and the predicted value of the real-time hydrogen content change by iterating the time step length. The method is suitable for SSRF, RH and other vacuum refining devices, the absolute error between the prediction result and the detection value of the online hydrogen meter does not exceed 0.5 ppm, and accurate data support can be provided for process optimization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for predicting the hydrogen content in steel during vacuum refining, belonging to the technical field of iron and steel metallurgy. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of steel material preparation, hydrogen, as one of the most destructive impurity elements, presents a significant technical challenge in controlling its content, hindering the production of high-quality steel. When the hydrogen content in steel exceeds a critical value, it triggers a series of serious material defects: First, it induces hydrogen embrittlement, causing brittle fracture in the steel, manifested as a deterioration in elongation and reduction of area. Second, hydrogen atoms agglomerate at grain boundaries, forming "white spot" defects. These defects appear as radially distributed serrated cracks or silver spots at the fracture surface, severely disrupting the structural continuity of the metal matrix. Third, due to the high solubility of hydrogen in liquid steel, hydrogen released during solidification forms bubbles and internal microcracks, significantly weakening the steel's transverse plasticity and impact toughness. Furthermore, during welding, localized enrichment of hydrogen in the heat-affected zone induces delayed cracks and promotes their subcritical propagation, resulting in a significant deterioration of the steel's fatigue performance and ultimately a substantial reduction in the service life of components.

[0003] Vacuum refining is a core technology for controlling dissolved hydrogen in steel in modern metallurgy, and it is particularly crucial for controlling the hydrogen content of high-value-added special steels such as bearing steel, heavy rail steel, and die steel. From a thermodynamic perspective, the hydrogen solubility in molten steel follows the square root law, meaning it is proportional to the square root of the partial pressure of hydrogen in the gas phase (the proportionality constant K≈0.0025 at 1600℃). This implies that reducing the vacuum chamber pressure to below 67 Pa can achieve deep removal of hydrogen. However, in actual production, the dehydrogenation kinetics exhibit significant nonlinear characteristics: the initial dehydrogenation rate is relatively fast, but it slows down significantly in the later stages. Although extending the processing time under extreme vacuum conditions has limited effect on further reducing hydrogen content, companies generally adopt overly conservative long-term processing schemes for quality stability considerations. This process strategy, while ensuring quality, also brings three negative impacts: firstly, it significantly increases energy costs and accelerates equipment wear; secondly, it increases the risk of secondary oxidation caused by prolonged contact between molten steel and refractory materials; and most importantly, under continuous and intense stirring conditions, large inclusions may be drawn in, which can actually impair the cleanliness of the molten steel.

[0004] Furthermore, due to the extremely low hydrogen content and high diffusivity of hydrogen in molten steel, its accurate measurement faces significant technical challenges. Currently, three main detection methods are used in industry and research, each with its own characteristics and obvious limitations: the Sivartein law calculation method, based on the principle of thermodynamic equilibrium, calculates the hydrogen content of molten steel by using the partial pressure of hydrogen in the carrier gas. Although it can achieve continuous monitoring, it is affected by factors such as the composition and temperature of the molten steel, resulting in poor accuracy in the low hydrogen content range; the improved gas chromatography method (such as the patented technology in CN202110937557) achieves a detection limit of 0.01 ppm and a relative error of less than 5% through innovative steps such as liquid nitrogen preservation, gradient heating, and segmented gas collection, and can distinguish hydrogen in different bound states. However, its complex pretreatment process, detection cycle of up to 2 hours, and high equipment investment limit its application in industrial settings; the existing technology in steel plants is to use a hydrogen analyzer to determine the hydrogen content of molten steel. Although the measurement accuracy is good, the purchase cost of a single unit is high and the maintenance cost is expensive.

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, three common problems exist: first, most methods are offline detection methods, making it difficult to provide real-time guidance for the vacuum refining process; second, high-precision methods often involve complex and costly equipment, hindering widespread application in industrial settings; and third, there is a lack of predictive models that intelligently correlate detection results with process parameters, preventing optimized control of the dehydrogenation process. Therefore, developing a novel method that combines real-time prediction of hydrogen content changes in steel with optimization of the vacuum refining process has significant engineering application value. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a method for predicting the hydrogen content in steel during vacuum refining. This method, based on actual parameters such as the initial hydrogen content in the ladle, molten steel temperature, molten steel mass, vacuum chamber pressure, and argon flow rate, and combined with the law of conservation of mass, calculates the dehydrogenation rate of the molten steel along each dehydrogenation path during vacuum refining, enabling real-time monitoring and prediction of the hydrogen content in the molten steel. Through this method, process engineers can intuitively grasp the changing patterns of hydrogen content in the ladle, adjust operating parameters in a timely manner, and significantly improve the controllability of the refining process. Simultaneously, this method can also reverse-engineer optimal process parameters (including argon flow rate, vacuum pressure, and deep vacuum time), providing a reliable basis for process optimization and effectively reducing trial-and-error costs.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention will adopt the following technical solution:

[0008] A method for predicting the hydrogen content in steel during vacuum refining includes the following steps:

[0009] Step S1: Collect initial working parameters of vacuum degassing, including initial hydrogen content [H]0 in the ladle, temperature of molten steel T, mass of molten steel W, vacuum chamber pressure Pv, argon flow rate G, and vacuum treatment time t0.

[0010] Step S2: Based on the principles of metallurgical thermodynamics and fluid mechanics equations, and based on the molten steel mass W and vacuum chamber pressure Pv collected in step S1, calculate the weight W of the molten steel in the ladle within the two-phase region of the ladle-vacuum chamber. L The weight W of the molten steel in the vacuum chamber V Based on the vacuum chamber pressure Pv and argon flow rate G collected in step S1, the circulation flow rate of molten steel in the two-phase region of the ladle-vacuum chamber is calculated.

[0011] Step S3: Construct a multiphase dehydrogenation reaction coupling equation. First, calculate the real-time dehydrogenation rate of the three dehydrogenation paths within the molten steel, the free surface of the molten steel, and the surface of the argon bubble within a unit time step. Then, based on the calculated real-time dehydrogenation rate of each path within a unit time step, calculate the cumulative amount of dehydrogenation for the corresponding path.

[0012] Step S4: Based on the mass conservation equation, establish the hydrogen concentration transport equation during the circulation of molten steel in the two-phase region of the ladle and vacuum chamber. Use the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method to solve for the hydrogen concentration of molten steel in the ladle and vacuum chamber per unit time step.

[0013] Step S5: Repeat steps S2-S4 until the vacuum treatment time t ends, and output the final hydrogen content in the molten steel and the predicted value of the real-time change of hydrogen content.

[0014] Preferably, in step S2, the weight W of the molten steel in the vacuum chamber V Calculate using the following formula:

[0015] ;

[0016] In the above formula: Indicates the inner diameter of the vacuum chamber insertion tube; Indicates the height of the vacuum chamber insertion tube; Indicates the density of molten steel; The height to which molten steel is lifted is calculated using the following formula:

[0017] ;

[0018] In the above formula: Indicates standard atmospheric pressure; Indicates the pressure in the vacuum chamber; Represents gravitational acceleration;

[0019] The weight W of molten steel in the ladle L Calculate using the following formula:

[0020] ;

[0021] In the above formula: This indicates the initial mass of the molten steel.

[0022] Preferably, the circulation flow rate of molten steel in the ladle-vacuum chamber two-phase region is... Calculate using the following formula:

[0023] ;

[0024] In the formula: It is a dimensionless constant; Indicates the flow rate of argon gas; Indicates the inner diameter of the vacuum chamber insertion tube; Indicates standard atmospheric pressure; This indicates the pressure in the vacuum chamber.

[0025] Preferably, the real-time dehydrogenation rates of the three dehydrogenation paths—the interior of the molten steel, the free surface of the molten steel, and the surface of the argon bubbles—within a unit time step are calculated using the following formulas:

[0026] ;

[0027] ;

[0028] ;

[0029] In the above formula: This represents the real-time dehydrogenation rate inside the molten steel within a unit time step. The cross-sectional area of ​​the vacuum chamber is represented by k; k1 is the rate constant of the dehydrogenation reaction during nucleation inside the molten steel. This indicates the weight of the molten steel in the vacuum chamber; This represents the nucleation depth within the molten steel; [%H] V This represents the hydrogen concentration of the molten steel in the vacuum chamber. The equilibrium hydrogen concentration of molten steel in a vacuum chamber;

[0030] This represents the real-time dehydrogenation rate of the free surface of molten steel within a unit time step; A2 is the surface area of ​​the vacuum chamber; k2 is the mass transfer coefficient of hydrogen on the free surface of molten steel.

[0031] This represents the real-time dehydrogenation rate of the argon bubble surface within a unit time step. This represents the real-time dehydrogenation rate on the surface of argon bubbles in the ladle within a unit time step. Real-time dehydrogenation rate of argon bubble surface in vacuum chamber per unit time step;

[0032] A3 and A4 are the surface areas of the argon bubble in the ladle and vacuum chamber, respectively; k3 and k4 are the mass transfer coefficients of hydrogen entering the argon bubble in the ladle and vacuum chamber, respectively. This represents the hydrogen concentration in the molten steel in the ladle. This represents the equilibrium hydrogen concentration of the molten steel in the ladle.

[0033] Preferably, the cumulative dehydrogenation amount of the three dehydrogenation pathways—the interior of the molten steel, the free surface of the molten steel, and the surface of the argon bubble—within a unit time step is calculated using the following formulas:

[0034] ;

[0035] ;

[0036] ;

[0037] In the above formula: It represents the cumulative amount of dehydrogenation inside the molten steel within a unit time step; This indicates the weight of the molten steel in the vacuum chamber; This represents the real-time dehydrogenation rate inside the molten steel within a unit time step.

[0038] It represents the cumulative amount of dehydrogenation on the free surface of molten steel within a unit time step; This represents the real-time dehydrogenation rate of the free surface of molten steel within a unit time step.

[0039] This represents the cumulative amount of dehydrogenation on the surface of argon bubbles within a unit time step. This represents the cumulative amount of dehydrogenation on the surface of argon bubbles in the ladle within a unit time step. This represents the cumulative amount of dehydrogenation on the surface of argon bubbles in the vacuum chamber within a unit time step.

[0040] This indicates the weight of the molten steel in the ladle; This represents the real-time dehydrogenation rate on the surface of argon bubbles in the ladle within a unit time step. Real-time dehydrogenation rate of argon bubble surface in vacuum chamber per unit time step.

[0041] The method for predicting hydrogen content in steel during vacuum refining according to claim 5 is characterized in that the hydrogen concentration transport equation during the steel molten metal circulation process in the ladle-vacuum chamber two-phase region is:

[0042] ;

[0043] ;

[0044] In the formula: This indicates the weight of the molten steel in the ladle; This represents the hydrogen concentration in the molten steel in the ladle. Indicates time; This indicates the circulation flow rate of molten steel in the two-phase region of the ladle-vacuum chamber; This represents the hydrogen concentration of the molten steel in the vacuum chamber. The cumulative amount of hydrogen dehydrogenation on the surface of argon bubbles in the ladle within a unit time step; This represents the cumulative amount of dehydrogenation on the surface of argon bubbles in the vacuum chamber within a unit time step.

[0045] This indicates the weight of the molten steel in the vacuum chamber; It represents the cumulative amount of dehydrogenation inside the molten steel within a unit time step; It represents the cumulative amount of dehydrogenation on the free surface of molten steel within a unit time step; This represents the cumulative amount of dehydrogenation on the surface of argon bubbles in the vacuum chamber within a unit time step.

[0046] Preferably, in step S4, the time step of the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method is in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 seconds.

[0047] Preferably, the equilibrium hydrogen concentration of the molten steel in the vacuum chamber / ladle is calculated using the following formula:

[0048] ;

[0049] In the above formula: K is the equilibrium constant for hydrogen atoms to react chemically to produce H2; ΔG is the change in Gibbs free energy; and R is the gas constant. This indicates the partial pressure of hydrogen in the molten steel within the vacuum chamber / ladle; This refers to the temperature of the molten steel.

[0050] Preferably, in step S5, the formula for calculating the hydrogen content in the molten steel is:

[0051] ;

[0052] In the formula: Indicates the initial hydrogen content of the ladle; It represents the cumulative amount of dehydrogenation inside the molten steel within a unit time step; It represents the cumulative amount of dehydrogenation on the free surface of molten steel within a unit time step; This represents the cumulative amount of dehydrogenation on the surface of argon bubbles within a unit time step.

[0053] Based on the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0054] 1. This invention is based on a prediction method constructed using the law of conservation of mass and kinetic calculation equations. By integrating multi-dimensional parameters such as initial hydrogen content, molten steel temperature, molten steel mass, vacuum chamber pressure, and argon blowing flow rate, it achieves real-time monitoring and prediction of the hydrogen content in molten steel during vacuum refining. This enables process engineers to intuitively grasp the changing patterns of hydrogen content in the ladle, adjust operating parameters in a timely manner, and significantly improve the controllability of the refining process.

[0055] 2. This invention has excellent versatility. Its design based on physical principles makes it unrestricted by equipment type and can be seamlessly applied to various vacuum refining processes such as RH and SSRF, demonstrating strong adaptability and promotional value.

[0056] Industrial verification has shown that the prediction results obtained by the method described in this invention are highly consistent with the actual hydrogen content change trend. It can not only accurately predict the final hydrogen content, but also reversely deduce the optimal process parameters (including: argon flow rate, vacuum pressure, vacuum treatment time, etc.), providing a reliable basis for process optimization and significantly reducing trial and error costs.

[0057] In summary, this invention achieves precise control of hydrogen content in the vacuum refining process through an innovative prediction method. While improving process stability and ensuring product quality, it provides key technical support for the intelligent upgrading of dehydrogenation processes, demonstrating significant economic benefits and broad industrial application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0058] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method for predicting the hydrogen content in steel during the vacuum refining process described in this invention.

[0059] Figure 2 : Schematic diagram of the vacuum dehydrogenation reaction sites of molten steel in this invention.

[0060] Figure 3 Example 1 of the present invention: Comparison chart of real-time monitoring data and predicted values.

[0061] Figure 4 : Comparison chart of predicted and actual hydrogen content values ​​at the end of five furnace cycles in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0062] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, expressions, and values ​​of components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0063] like Figure 1 As shown, the method for predicting the hydrogen content in steel during the vacuum refining process of the present invention, taking a single-nozzle refining furnace (SSRF) as an example, specifically includes the following steps:

[0064] Step S1: Input the initial working parameters for vacuum degassing, including the initial hydrogen content [H]0 in the ladle, the temperature of the molten steel T, the mass of the molten steel M, the pressure of the vacuum chamber Pv, the argon flow rate G, and the vacuum treatment time t;

[0065] Step S2: Based on the principles of metallurgical thermodynamics and fluid mechanics equations, calculate the weight of the molten steel in the ladle-vacuum chamber two-phase region. The circulation flow rate Q of the molten steel in the ladle-vacuum chamber two-phase zone:

[0066]

[0067] ;

[0068] ;

[0069] ;

[0070] Among them: W L W V These are the weights of the molten steel in the ladle and the vacuum chamber, respectively, in kg;

[0071] Standard atmospheric pressure is expressed in Pa. Represents gravitational acceleration; This indicates the inner diameter of the vacuum chamber insertion tube, in meters (m). This indicates the height of the vacuum chamber insertion tube, in meters (m). The density of molten steel is expressed in kg / m³. 3 ; P represents the height to which molten steel is lifted, in meters (m). V G is the vacuum pressure of the vacuum chamber, in Pa; G is the argon gas flow rate, in m³ / s. 3 / s. Q represents the circulating flow rate, measured in kg / s.

[0072] Step S3: Construct a multiphase dehydrogenation reaction coupling equation, and calculate the real-time dehydrogenation rate of the three dehydrogenation paths within the molten steel interior, the free surface of the molten steel, and the surface of the argon bubble within a unit time step, as well as the cumulative amount of dehydrogenation of each path.

[0073] Real-time dehydrogenation rate inside molten steel per unit time step The calculation formula is:

[0074] ;

[0075] Where: A1 is the cross-sectional area of ​​the vacuum chamber, in meters. 2 H in [%H] represents the critical nucleation depth inside the molten steel for dehydrogenation reaction, in meters (m); h represents the depth of spontaneous nucleation of hydrogen bubbles inside the molten steel; k1 is the dehydrogenation reaction rate constant during nucleation inside the molten steel; V Hydrogen concentration in molten steel in ladle, in wt%; Equilibrium hydrogen concentration of molten steel in ladle, in wt%; real-time dehydrogenation rate at the free surface of the vacuum chamber. The calculation formula is:

[0076] ;

[0077] Where: A2 is the surface area of ​​the vacuum chamber, in m². 2 k2 is the mass transfer coefficient of hydrogen on the free surface of the molten pool, with units of m / s.

[0078] During refining in a single-nozzle refining furnace (SSRF), argon gas is blown in from the bottom of the ladle. Argon bubbles undergo dehydrogenation reactions simultaneously on the surfaces of both the ladle and the vacuum chamber. The real-time dehydrogenation rate on the argon bubble surface is recorded. The calculation formula is:

[0079] ;

[0080] Where: A3 and A4 are the surface areas of the argon bubble in the ladle and vacuum chamber, respectively, in meters (m²). 2 / s; k3 and k4 are the mass transfer coefficients of hydrogen entering argon bubbles in the ladle and vacuum chamber, respectively, in m / s. This represents the equilibrium hydrogen concentration (wt) of the molten steel in the vacuum chamber.

[0081] In the three dehydrogenation rate expressions above, the hydrogen equilibrium concentration in the ladle and vacuum chamber steel is... The calculation formula is:

[0082]

[0083] Where: K is the equilibrium constant for the chemical reaction of hydrogen atoms to produce H2; ΔG is the partial pressure of hydrogen in molten steel, Pa; ΔG is the change in Gibbs free energy, J / mol; T is the temperature of the molten steel, K; R is the gas constant, J / (K·mol).

[0084] Here, the dehydrogenation reaction sites in the single-nozzle refining furnace are mainly located in three places, such as... Figure 2 As shown in the image. The display interface for the calculation results is as follows. Figure 3 As shown.

[0085] Step S4: Based on the mass conservation equation, establish the transport equation for the circulation of molten steel in the two-phase region of the ladle and vacuum chamber. Use the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method to solve for the hydrogen concentration of molten steel in the ladle and vacuum chamber per unit time step.

[0086] The cumulative dehydrogenation amount for each dehydrogenation path is calculated by time integration. The formulas for calculating the cumulative dehydrogenation amount of the molten steel free surface, the molten steel body, and argon bubbles are as follows:

[0087]

[0088]

[0089]

[0090] Furthermore, based on the law of conservation of mass, the circulation equations for the molten steel in the ladle and vacuum chamber are established, and the hydrogen concentrations in the ladle and vacuum chamber per unit time satisfy the following equilibrium relationship:

[0091]

[0092]

[0093] Step S5: Repeat steps S2-S4, iterating over time steps until the refining cycle t is reached. The hydrogen content in the molten steel within the set time t can be calculated using the following formula: In the formula: The hydrogen content (wt%) of the molten steel after vacuum treatment for time t. The hydrogen content (wt) of the molten steel before vacuum treatment.

[0094] The calculation results are displayed as follows Figure 4 As shown.

[0095] Furthermore, under the same smelting conditions, the endpoint hydrogen concentration was compared with that of five heats of mold steel produced by a certain steel plant. The deviation was no more than 0.5 ppm, and the endpoint simulation results were in good agreement with the measured data. The results are as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0096] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments for application in other fields. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for predicting the hydrogen content in steel during vacuum refining, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Collect initial working parameters of vacuum degassing, including initial hydrogen content [H]0 in the ladle, temperature of molten steel T, mass of molten steel W, vacuum chamber pressure Pv, argon flow rate G, and vacuum treatment time t0. Step S2: Based on the principles of metallurgical thermodynamics and fluid mechanics equations, and based on the molten steel mass W and vacuum chamber pressure Pv collected in step S1, calculate the weight W of the molten steel in the ladle within the two-phase region of the ladle-vacuum chamber. L The weight W of the molten steel in the vacuum chamber V Based on the vacuum chamber pressure Pv and argon flow rate G collected in step S1, the circulation flow rate of molten steel in the two-phase region of the ladle-vacuum chamber is calculated. Step S3: Construct a multiphase dehydrogenation reaction coupling equation. First, calculate the real-time dehydrogenation rate of the three dehydrogenation paths within the molten steel, the free surface of the molten steel, and the surface of the argon bubble within a unit time step. Then, based on the calculated real-time dehydrogenation rate of each path within a unit time step, calculate the cumulative amount of dehydrogenation for the corresponding path. Step S4: Based on the mass conservation equation, establish the hydrogen concentration transport equation during the circulation of molten steel in the two-phase region of the ladle and vacuum chamber. Use the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method to solve for the hydrogen concentration of molten steel in the ladle and vacuum chamber per unit time step. Step S5: Repeat steps S2-S4 until the vacuum treatment time t ends, and output the final hydrogen content in the molten steel and the predicted value of the real-time change of hydrogen content.

2. The method for predicting hydrogen content in steel during vacuum refining process according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the weight W of the molten steel in the vacuum chamber V Calculate using the following formula: ； In the above formula: Indicates the inner diameter of the vacuum chamber insertion tube; Indicates the height of the vacuum chamber insertion tube; Indicates the density of molten steel; The height to which molten steel is lifted is calculated using the following formula: ； In the above formula: Indicates standard atmospheric pressure; Indicates the pressure in the vacuum chamber; Represents gravitational acceleration; The weight W of molten steel in the ladle L Calculate using the following formula: ； In the above formula: This indicates the initial mass of the molten steel.

3. The method for predicting hydrogen content in steel during vacuum refining process according to claim 2, characterized in that, Circulation flow rate of molten steel in the two-phase region of the ladle-vacuum chamber Calculate using the following formula: ； In the formula: It is a dimensionless constant; Indicates the flow rate of argon gas; Indicates the inner diameter of the vacuum chamber insertion tube; Indicates standard atmospheric pressure; This indicates the pressure in the vacuum chamber.

4. The method for predicting hydrogen content in steel during vacuum refining process according to claim 3, characterized in that, The real-time dehydrogenation rates of the three dehydrogenation pathways—the interior of the molten steel, the free surface of the molten steel, and the surface of the argon bubbles—within a unit time step are calculated using the following formulas: ； ； ； In the above formula: This represents the real-time dehydrogenation rate inside the molten steel within a unit time step. The cross-sectional area of ​​the vacuum chamber is represented by k; k1 is the rate constant of the dehydrogenation reaction during nucleation inside the molten steel. This indicates the weight of the molten steel in the vacuum chamber; This represents the nucleation depth within the molten steel; [%H] V This represents the hydrogen concentration of the molten steel in the vacuum chamber. The equilibrium hydrogen concentration of molten steel in a vacuum chamber; This represents the real-time dehydrogenation rate of the free surface of molten steel within a unit time step; A2 is the surface area of ​​the vacuum chamber; k2 is the mass transfer coefficient of hydrogen on the free surface of molten steel. This represents the real-time dehydrogenation rate of the argon bubble surface within a unit time step. This represents the real-time dehydrogenation rate on the surface of argon bubbles in the ladle within a unit time step. Real-time dehydrogenation rate of argon bubble surface in vacuum chamber per unit time step; A3 and A4 are the surface areas of the argon bubble in the ladle and vacuum chamber, respectively; k3 and k4 are the mass transfer coefficients of hydrogen entering the argon bubble in the ladle and vacuum chamber, respectively. This represents the hydrogen concentration in the molten steel in the ladle. This represents the equilibrium hydrogen concentration of the molten steel in the ladle.

5. The method for predicting hydrogen content in steel during vacuum refining process according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cumulative dehydrogenation amount of the three dehydrogenation pathways—the interior of the molten steel, the free surface of the molten steel, and the surface of the argon bubble—within a unit time step is calculated using the following formulas: ； ； ； In the above formula: It represents the cumulative amount of dehydrogenation inside the molten steel within a unit time step; This indicates the weight of the molten steel in the vacuum chamber; This represents the real-time dehydrogenation rate inside the molten steel within a unit time step. It represents the cumulative amount of dehydrogenation on the free surface of molten steel within a unit time step; This represents the real-time dehydrogenation rate of the free surface of molten steel within a unit time step. This represents the cumulative amount of dehydrogenation on the surface of argon bubbles within a unit time step. This represents the cumulative amount of dehydrogenation on the surface of argon bubbles in the ladle within a unit time step. This represents the cumulative amount of dehydrogenation on the surface of argon bubbles in the vacuum chamber within a unit time step. This indicates the weight of the molten steel in the ladle; This represents the real-time dehydrogenation rate on the surface of argon bubbles in the ladle within a unit time step. Real-time dehydrogenation rate of argon bubble surface in vacuum chamber per unit time step.

6. The method for predicting hydrogen content in steel during vacuum refining process according to claim 5, characterized in that, The hydrogen concentration transport equation during the circulation of molten steel in the two-phase region of the ladle-vacuum chamber is as follows: ； ； In the formula: This indicates the weight of the molten steel in the ladle; This represents the hydrogen concentration in the molten steel in the ladle. Indicates time; This indicates the circulation flow rate of molten steel in the two-phase region of the ladle-vacuum chamber; This represents the hydrogen concentration of the molten steel in the vacuum chamber. The cumulative amount of hydrogen dehydrogenation on the surface of argon bubbles in the ladle within a unit time step; This represents the cumulative amount of dehydrogenation on the surface of argon bubbles in the vacuum chamber within a unit time step. This indicates the weight of the molten steel in the vacuum chamber; It represents the cumulative amount of dehydrogenation inside the molten steel within a unit time step; It represents the cumulative amount of dehydrogenation on the free surface of molten steel within a unit time step; This represents the cumulative amount of dehydrogenation on the surface of argon bubbles in the vacuum chamber within a unit time step.

7. The method for predicting hydrogen content in steel during vacuum refining process according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the time step of the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method is calculated to a value ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 seconds.

8. The method for predicting hydrogen content in steel during vacuum refining process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The equilibrium hydrogen concentration of molten steel in the vacuum chamber / ladle is calculated using the following formula: ； In the above formula: K is the equilibrium constant for hydrogen atoms to react chemically to produce H2; ΔG is the change in Gibbs free energy; and R is the gas constant. This indicates the partial pressure of hydrogen in the molten steel within the vacuum chamber / ladle; This refers to the temperature of the molten steel.

9. The method for predicting the hydrogen content in steel during vacuum refining according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the formula for calculating the hydrogen content in the molten steel is: ； In the formula: Indicates the initial hydrogen content of the ladle; It represents the cumulative amount of dehydrogenation inside the molten steel within a unit time step; It represents the cumulative amount of dehydrogenation on the free surface of molten steel within a unit time step; This represents the cumulative amount of dehydrogenation on the surface of argon bubbles within a unit time step.

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