Reaming construction process for guide hole of three-dimensional channel of highway tunnel concealed hole raise boring machine

Abstract

The invention provides a highway tunnel hidden hole raise boring machine three-dimensional channel guide hole reaming construction technology, and relates to the technical field of tunnel construction. The guide hole and the expanded hole are drilled in advance, so that an efficient deslagging channel is provided for the vertical heading machine, the deslagging time is remarkably shortened, the overall construction efficiency is improved, and the construction cost is remarkably reduced; the raise boring machine construction technology is carried out under the conditions of a blind well and a blind hole, the safety and stability of construction are ensured through accurate control over the deviation rate of a drilled hole and the diameter error, meanwhile, a vertical transverse through combined channel scheme is adopted, a three-dimensional construction mode is formed, and the safety risk of vertical cross operation is avoided; according to the construction method, cyclic utilization of water resources and efficient utilization of energy are achieved through the clear water circulation deslagging system in the guide hole drilling stage and the self-weight deslagging mode in the reaming stage, and compared with a traditional construction method, the technology has the advantages that water resource consumption and equipment energy consumption are remarkably reduced, and the remarkable energy-saving and emission-reducing effects are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and more specifically, to a construction process for expanding the pilot hole of a three-dimensional channel in a reverse drilling rig for a highway tunnel. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of highway tunnels and deep vertical shafts, especially under the conditions of dark shafts and tunnels, traditional construction methods often face problems such as long construction periods, high costs, and significant safety risks. Particularly during vertical shaft excavation, the choice of muck removal method has a decisive impact on construction efficiency and safety. The traditional "mud-carrying muck vertical upward muck removal technology" suffers from problems such as easy freezing of mud, low muck removal efficiency, and severe equipment wear in harsh environments such as high altitudes and extreme cold, making it difficult to meet construction requirements. Therefore, we have made improvements and proposed a three-dimensional channel guide hole enlargement construction technology for highway tunnel dark shaft reverse drilling rigs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The invention provides a construction process for the three-dimensional channel guide hole enlargement of a reverse drilling rig in a highway tunnel, including: accurately excavating a lower slag discharge channel at a position 252m from the bottom of the No. 2-1 vertical shaft using a reverse drilling rig, realizing the switch of the vertical tunneling machine from "mud-carrying slag vertical upward slag discharge technology" to "gravity-driven lower slag discharge technology" at this point; through the pre-drilled hole of the reverse drilling rig and the coordinated transportation of the upper and lower horizontal channels, most of the rock slag is transported to the designated spoil disposal site through the lower horizontal channel via the main tunnel; a small amount of rock slag is moved from the upper horizontal channel to the bottom of the No. 2-2 vertical shaft by a slag scraper and transported to the designated spoil disposal site through the connecting channel via the main tunnel, forming a complete underground slag discharge system; The temporary horizontal access passages for both upper and lower operations were constructed using the drill-and-blast method: the lower horizontal access passage was excavated using the existing ventilation and connecting passage in the left tunnel, while the upper horizontal access passage was excavated at the 3150m elevation of the No. 2-2 vertical shaft, relying on the existing two-story hoisting platform. YT-28 pneumatic drills were used for smooth blasting, and rock debris was directly scraped to the bottom of the shaft by a P30 scraper. After the upper horizontal access passage was excavated to the designated location, the working chamber of the reverse drilling rig was protected. Then, the drilling rig installation platform was erected, and the reverse drilling rig was installed, the pilot hole was drilled, the borehole was enlarged, and the reverse drilling rig was dismantled.

[0004] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: In the scheme of this application: This application provides an efficient slag removal channel for the vertical tunneling machine by pre-drilling pilot holes and reaming, significantly shortening slag removal time, improving overall construction efficiency, and significantly reducing construction costs. The raised shaft drilling rig construction process is carried out under the conditions of a dark well and tunnel. Through precise control of drilling deviation rate and diameter error, the safety and stability of the construction are ensured. At the same time, the "upper and lower horizontal joint channel" scheme is adopted to form a three-dimensional construction mode, avoiding the safety risks of cross-operation between upper and lower sections. This application realizes the recycling of water resources and the efficient use of energy through the clear water circulation slag removal system in the pilot hole drilling stage and the self-weight slag removal method in the reaming stage. Compared with traditional construction methods, this process significantly reduces water consumption and equipment energy consumption, and has significant energy saving and emission reduction effects. Attached Figure Description

[0005] Figure 1 The flowchart for the reverse shaft excavation and slag removal guide tunnel provided in this application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the location of the lower horizontal passage provided in this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the lower horizontal channel provided in this application; Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the location and manual slag removal of the movable flap at the 3150 elevation position of shaft 2#-2 provided in this application; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the location of the upper and lower horizontal channels provided in this application; Figure 6 The diagram of the upper horizontal passageway entrance section provided in this application; Figure 7 The working chamber cross-sectional view provided for this application; Figure 8 Protective diagram of the working chamber provided for this application; Figure 9 The image provided in this application is a physical drawing of the riser drilling rig. Figure 10 Information diagram of the 2SILEX rock-breaking roller cutter provided in this application; Figure 11 The image provided in this application is of the actual 2SILEX rock-breaking roller cutter. Figure 12 The process flow diagram of the riser drilling rig provided in this application; Figure 13 The schematic diagram of the sheave modification provided in this application; Figure 14 A schematic diagram of the auxiliary platform lifting points provided in this application; Figure 15 A schematic diagram illustrating the fixing of the steel beam provided in this application; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the platform installation provided in this application; Figure 17 A schematic diagram of the transfer of drilling rig components provided in this application; Figure 18 This application provides a schematic diagram of the drilling rig component installation. Figure 19 The drilling rig installation measurement and positioning provided in this application Figure 1 ; Figure 20 The drilling rig installation measurement and positioning provided in this application Figure 2 ; Figure 21 The drilling drawings for the pilot hole provided in this application; Figure 22 The guide hole drill bit diagram for the reverse drilling rig provided in this application; Figure 23 The hoisting drilling construction provided in this application Figure 1 ; Figure 24 The hoisting drilling construction provided in this application Figure 2 ; Figure 25 The diagram showing the location of the cutter removal for the vertical tunneling machine provided in this application; Figure 26 A schematic diagram of the orientation of the vertical shaft provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0006] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0007] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features and technical solutions in the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0008] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0009] Example 1, please refer to Figure 1 A method for enlarging the pilot hole of a three-dimensional channel in a reverse drilling rig for highway tunnels with hidden passages, comprising: By precisely excavating the lower slag discharge channel at a position 252m from the bottom of the No. 2-1 vertical shaft using a raise boring machine, the vertical tunneling machine can switch from "mud-carrying slag vertical upward slag discharge technology" to "gravity-driven lower slag discharge process" at this location. Through the coordinated transportation of pre-drilled holes by the raise boring machine and the upper and lower horizontal channels, most of the rock slag is transported to the designated spoil disposal site through the lower horizontal channel via the main tunnel. A small amount of rock slag is moved from the upper horizontal channel to the bottom of the No. 2-2 vertical shaft by the slag scraping equipment, and then transported to the designated spoil disposal site through the main tunnel via the connecting channel, forming a complete underground slag discharge system. The temporary upper and lower horizontal passages were constructed using the drill-and-blast method: the lower horizontal passage was excavated using the existing ventilation and connecting passage in the left tunnel, while the upper horizontal passage was excavated at the 3150m elevation of the No. 2-2 vertical shaft, relying on the existing two-story hoisting platform. YT-28 pneumatic drills were used for smooth blasting, and rock debris was directly scraped to the bottom of the shaft by a P30 scraper. After the upper horizontal passage was excavated to the designated location, the working chamber of the reverse drilling rig was protected. Then, the drilling rig installation platform was erected, and the reverse drilling rig was installed, the pilot hole was drilled, the hole was enlarged, and the reverse drilling rig was dismantled. This also includes the excavation of the lower horizontal tunnel. As a core supporting process for reverse drilling rigs operating in dark wells and tunnels, the lower horizontal tunnel serves a dual function: firstly, it provides a transport channel for rock debris falling from the guide hole during the reaming and excavation phase of the reverse drilling rig and the process transition section of the vertical tunneling machine; secondly, it serves as a transport and installation channel for the reaming cutterhead, referring to... Figure 2 and Figure 3 ; To fully explore the performance of the vertical tunneling machine in the lower slag removal process and to meticulously coordinate the construction schedule, on the one hand, the progress of the vertical tunneling machine was precisely controlled according to the schedule of the machine's arrival at the process transition point; on the other hand, the schedule of the upper and lower horizontal tunnel excavation was precisely matched with the pilot hole and reaming drilling of the reverse shaft drilling rig to avoid delays. At the same time, the reduction of safety risks was always the top priority. Based on the above schedule and safety requirements, the lower horizontal tunnel was located on the line connecting the centers of shafts 2#-2 and 2#-1, and adopted a 4.0m×4.0m semi-circular arc + rectangular cross section (net width × net height). The lower horizontal tunnel was designed to ensure the safe passage of the ZL50C loader (safe distance on one side ≥ 0.8m). Conventional drill and blast method was used for construction. The 42m long tunnel was excavated using the existing connecting tunnel, equipped with YT-28 pneumatic drills, and smooth blasting was carried out. After each section and each cycle of excavation was completed, anchor mesh and shotcrete support were immediately applied. It also includes: the construction and excavation of the upper horizontal passage. The upper horizontal passage is located at the 3150m elevation of the 2#-2 vertical shaft. The horizontal passage is constructed from the 2#-2 vertical shaft to the 2#-1 vertical shaft. The total length of the horizontal passage is 38.3m. It serves the dual functions of installation of the raise boring machine, material transportation passage and drilling operation chamber: the entrance section (28.3m) adopts a 4m (net width) × 4.7m (net height) straight wall arch structure, and the working chamber section (10m) is a 6.5m (net width) × 5.5m (net height) semi-circular arc + rectangular gradient cross section. Reference Figures 4-7 5.3.1 Construction and Excavation Process Requirements for the Upper Horizontal Tunnel: The excavation of the upper horizontal tunnel is meticulously divided into three stages: The first stage is the 50cm thick primary lining concrete of the original No. 2-2 vertical shaft. In this stage, a core drill is used to accurately extract the tunnel outline to guide the direction of subsequent blasting. Then, weak blasting technology is used to carefully advance the tunnel, strictly controlling the blasting power to prevent excessive disturbance to the surrounding rock. The second stage is a weak blasting section with a 3-meter opening. During construction, a YT-28 pneumatic drill is used to drill densely at predetermined intervals using a method of drilling multiple holes with less explosive charge. A small amount of explosive charge is then loaded for weak blasting to ensure that the opening is well-formed and the stability of the surrounding rock is not significantly affected. The third stage is the normal excavation stage. Normal drilling and blasting are carried out based on the results of advanced geological exploration. Appropriate equipment is used to drill holes at predetermined depths and intervals, and an appropriate amount of explosive charge is loaded for excavation. After each stage and each cycle of excavation is completed, anchor mesh and shotcrete support are immediately installed, referring to... Figure 4 ; During construction, to meet the needs of personnel access and the transportation of blasting materials, the upper plate of the existing two-layer hoisting platform in Shaft 2#-2 will be lowered to the position of the upper horizontal passage opening. The position will be stabilized by adjusting the fixing device. Before detonation, the hoisting platform needs to be raised to a height of at least 80m to avoid damage to the hoisting platform structure from flying rocks during blasting. In addition, considering that there is a 20cm gap between the hoisting platform and the shaft wall, which poses a safety hazard when personnel enter and exit the horizontal passage, a movable flap will be added between the edge of the hoisting platform and the shaft wall near the entrance of the horizontal passage. When personnel pass through, the flap will be lowered to close the gap and ensure the safe passage of the workers. This also includes the requirements for the slag removal process during the construction of the upper horizontal channel: The slag removal system for the upper horizontal channel adopts a "decentralized initial cleaning + centralized transportation" process, mainly using a P30 type scraper to directly scrape the rock debris into the bottom of the No. 2-2 vertical shaft; during the excavation of the first and second sections, the slag and rock debris are cleaned manually. After the working face is initially formed, during normal construction of the third section, the lower-level hoisting platform is first lowered to the elevation of the bottom plate of the upper horizontal channel, and the tail end of the scraper is fixed to the working face of the horizontal channel. The winch end is rigidly connected to the main beam of the hoisting platform using steel plate clamps; in order to achieve vertical descent of the rock debris into the shaft, A 1.2m x 1.0m hydraulic movable opening is installed near the horizontal passage entrance on the lower hoisting platform. The opening is interlocked with the power supply of the scraper. During operation, the opening is opened and the scraper is manually operated to guide the rock cuttings to the bottom of the well. After the cuttings are removed, the opening is closed and the status is confirmed by a limit switch. This ensures that 80% of the rock cuttings in the upper horizontal passage are pre-cleaned before the guide hole of the raise boring machine is drilled. The rock cuttings that fall to the bottom of the well are cleaned and transferred by the already constructed connecting passage after the upper horizontal passage is completed, thus preparing sufficient space for the orderly development of subsequent work. It also includes the construction protection requirements for the upper horizontal passage: (1) After each section of the upper horizontal passage is excavated, Φ22*2500mm tungsten roll anchors (spacing 1.2m*1.2m) are immediately used in conjunction with Φ8@200x200mm steel mesh and C25 shotcrete (12cm thick, sprayed twice) for anchor mesh spraying support. Since this horizontal passage is a supplementary test for the research of vertical tunneling machine equipment, no secondary lining support is required for this horizontal passage; (2) Protection of the working chamber: After the excavation of the working chamber of the reverse drilling rig is completed, the rock surface of the entire chamber is initially supported by anchor mesh spraying support. After the support is completed, in order to ensure the safety of the operators and drilling equipment, the working chamber is protected by I18 I-beams and steel plates. The longitudinal spacing of the I-beams is 2m. The protection diagram is as follows. Figure 8 As shown; It also includes the construction process of raise boring machines: Equipment selection: (1) The selection of the raise boring machine is as follows: According to the project construction technical requirements, it is necessary to carry out the excavation of a pilot tunnel with a diameter of Φ2.0m and a drilling depth of about 252m. The strength of the surrounding rock at the site is 100-150MPa, and the rock hardness is about 7.0, which belongs to the category of extremely hard rock. After technical comparison, the LM-400 type raise boring machine is selected. Figure 9 As shown, this model of equipment can be fully adapted to the on-site construction conditions; its equipment configuration is divided into two parts: main equipment and auxiliary equipment. The main equipment includes the main unit, oil pump station, oil tanker, and operating platform; the auxiliary equipment includes drill rod, pilot drill bit, reamer, water pump, etc.; (2) Rock breaking roller cutter selection, Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the cutter is a SILEX rock-breaking cutter, which has a rated load capacity of 90-225KN and a maximum load capacity of 250KN. This cutter can break rocks with a maximum pressure of 280Mpa, which meets the construction requirements of this project. Raise-the-well drilling rig construction process: as follows Figure 12 As shown, the construction process includes: construction preparation (including working surface leveling and hardening, pilot hole center positioning, mud pit, water pipe and cable layout, drilling rig and auxiliary equipment positioning, etc.), drilling rig installation and commissioning, pilot hole construction (multiple deviation measurements), hole enlargement construction, drilling rig dismantling, etc. Erection of auxiliary platform before installation of the raise boring machine: (1) Platform design and suspension: The auxiliary platform is built on the excavated upper horizontal channel and the existing double-layer hanging platform. H350 steel and I-beams are selected to process the working auxiliary platform with a width of 2.4m. The existing hanging platform is suspended by the original 4 JZ-25 / 1000 well sinking stabilizers. The auxiliary platform is suspended by 4 JZ-16 / 1000 stabilizers. These 4 stabilizers are the equipment used to suspend the template during the first lining pouring of the 2#-2 vertical shaft. Since the position of its rope exit point is inconsistent with the existing hanging platform lifting point, 4 MZS2.1-0-1x1.05 guide sheaves need to be added to the sheave platform to ensure the normal operation of the stabilizer suspension system, so that the auxiliary platform and the existing hanging platform can jointly bear the weight of the equipment and the weight of the operators when the raise boring machine is moved. In addition, the auxiliary platform also undertakes the function of raising boring machine operators entering and exiting the upper horizontal channel and moving the drill pipe. Figure 13 and Figure 14As shown; (2) Platform stability assurance: In order to ensure the overall stability of the auxiliary platform after installation, it is necessary to rigidly connect it with the well wall; the specific method is to install bolts at appropriate positions on the surface of the well wall lining concrete, install steel plates, and then weld the four ends of the two main beams of the platform to the steel plates firmly; (3) Platform installation points: Before installing the main beams of the platform, the four steel wire ropes of the suspension system are raised to the same elevation surface to ensure the overall levelness of the platform after installation; after the platform is installed, a guardrail with a height of 1.2m is set around the platform, and the position of the material transport bucket is reserved as a passage for personnel to go up and down and for material transport to ensure the safety of operation, refer to Figure 15 and Figure 16 ; Raise drilling rig installation: (1) Foundation construction and facility layout: First, pour concrete for the foundation of the drilling rig working face and the foundation of the drilling rig installation and dismantling track, and lay out the sedimentation tank; the construction requirements for the foundation of the drilling rig working face are strict, and its surface flatness must be controlled within ±3.0mm. The concrete should be poured on solid rock. Before pouring, loose rocks and debris must be thoroughly removed, and the concrete strength grade should not be lower than C25, and the thickness should be between 0.6-1.0m; the track foundation should be consistent with the elevation of the auxiliary platform and kept horizontal; at the same time, two anchor rods with an effective anchoring length of not less than 2.5m should be installed at a specific angle on the top rock wall of the main working face chamber for subsequent hoisting and installation of equipment components; (2) Equipment transportation and positioning: After the raise drilling rig is transported to the construction site, the equipment is placed on the already erected working face. A 38kg / m specification, 600mm gauge track is laid on the working platform; the equipment parts are hoisted using the existing hoist winch of the No. 2-2 vertical shaft. The dimensions of the vertical shaft sealing plate and hoisting plate transportation channel are 2.7m×3.5m, which meets the transportation requirements; during the descent, the parts are lowered into the track with the help of a manual hoist, and then the parts are pushed to the working face manually; (3) Equipment assembly process: after the equipment parts are transported to the working face, the parts are accurately positioned and assembled with the help of the anchor rods and hand hoists installed in the early stage; during installation, the gearbox and other parts of the main unit are removed first (the maximum weight of a single part after removal is about 5 tons), and then the parts are hoisted to the working platform in batches by the ground winch, and then pushed to the working face. Then the pump station, operating table, etc. are hoisted in sequence, and the connection work of each system is completed at the working face in the well. Figure 17 and Figure 18 ; Raise-the-well drilling rig commissioning: (1) Installation and positioning inspection and precise calibration of the drilling rig: The main body of the drilling rig and various accessories are precisely installed and positioned. Check whether the installation position of each component is accurate and whether the connecting bolts are tight to ensure that there is no loosening or misalignment. Specifically, a laser guide instrument and a total station are used to check that the deviation between the main body of the drilling rig and the design axis is ≤3mm. Then, a torque wrench is used to check the tightness of each connecting bolt. A load test is also carried out on the foundation of the drilling rig working face. That is, the load is increased to 1.5 times the design load. If there is no settlement after holding the load for 24 hours, the foundation can be considered to be solid, which also lays a solid foundation for subsequent work. Refer to Figure 19 and Figure 20 (2) Hydraulic system improvement: Carefully complete the connection of the hydraulic system pipelines, select appropriate sealing materials and conduct pipeline pressure tests to ensure the sealing of the pipeline connections and prevent hydraulic oil leakage; at the same time, check the quality and quantity of hydraulic oil to ensure that they meet the equipment operation requirements, and conduct preliminary debugging of key components such as hydraulic pumps and valve groups to ensure the stability of hydraulic system pressure and flow; (3) Electrical system construction: Standardize the installation of electrical control systems, arrange cable lines reasonably, and do a good job of grounding protection measures to ensure good insulation performance of electrical equipment; check and test various electrical components, such as contactors, relays, and sensors, to ensure that they function normally and can accurately respond to control commands; (4) Water supply system construction: Complete the installation of water supply pipelines, ensure that the pipeline connections are firm and conduct pipeline pressure tests, that is, under a working pressure of 1.5MPa, ensure no leakage for 30 minutes; check whether the water supply pressure and flow meet the drilling rig construction requirements, which can be adjusted by installing pressure gauges and flow control valves; at the same time, check and clean the water supply filter to prevent Impurities block pipes or damage equipment; (5) Special inspection of electrical control cabinet: Focus on the dehumidification inspection of electrical control cabinet, use a humidity detector to detect the humidity inside the cabinet; if the humidity exceeds the standard, take dehumidification measures in time, such as installing a dehumidifier, placing desiccant, etc., to avoid short circuits or damage to electrical components due to moisture, affecting the normal operation of the equipment; (6) Power-on comprehensive debugging: After all the above work is ready, power-on debugging is carried out; according to the principle of local first and then overall, power-on tests are carried out on each system in sequence, observe the operating status of the equipment, check whether the indicator lights, instruments and other displays are normal, and whether the linkage between each system is coordinated; (7) Drilling rig trial operation: after the power-on debugging is completed and there are no abnormalities, the drilling rig is trial run; first, no-load trial operation is carried out, let the drilling rig run for a period of time under no-load conditions, and check the operating stability, noise, vibration and other conditions of the equipment; after the no-load trial operation is normal, load trial operation is carried out, simulating the actual drilling construction conditions, and testing the drilling capacity, speed, torque and other performance indicators of the drilling rig, and further adjusting and optimizing the equipment according to the trial operation results until the construction requirements are met; Opening construction: (1) Before opening the hole, the following conditions must be met before operating the equipment: the drilling center and drilling angle are measured and verified to be accurate; the drilling machine is debugged normally; the water and power supply are normal; the operator has been fully trained and can operate skillfully; (2) Drilling: Before opening the hole, the opening stabilizer is correctly installed, and the drill rod stabilizer is processed and installed at the hole opening position to stabilize the drill rod and prevent the drill bit from deviating during the opening stage; first, use low drilling pressure and low drilling speed to open the hole. The rotation speed should be controlled at 5 to 10 r / min during opening, and the drilling speed should be controlled at 0.3 to 0.5 m / h. The opening depth should not be less than 3 meters; This also includes pilot hole drilling: (1) After the hole is drilled, the guide rod and the stabilizing drill rod assembly are installed in sequence, and the drilling rig is started at a low speed (5-10 rpm). Since the surrounding rock is hard rock, the drilling status is monitored in real time by a torque sensor. After the stabilizing rod is fully embedded in the surrounding rock (embedded depth ≥ 2D, where D is the drill rod diameter) and the guide rod forms a stable contact with the rock layer, the pressure is gradually increased to the design working pressure at a rate of 5 kN / min, while the rotation speed is increased to 21-26 rpm to ensure dynamic matching of drilling pressure and rotation speed during drilling, and to control the drilling speed at 0.7 m / h. Refer to Figure 21 ; (2) During the pilot hole drilling process, the clean water and slag removal rely on the circulation system. The specific process is as follows: Pressurized water delivery: Pressurized water is pumped through a water pump and connected to the riser drilling rig via a high-pressure pipeline. The pressurized water is then injected into the center channel of the drill pipe. Bottom-hole slag mixing: High-pressure clean water is sprayed from the nozzle at the front end of the drill rod to the bottom of the hole, impacting and breaking the rock slag, so that it is fully mixed with the clean water to form a slag-water mixture; Slag-carrying return to the upper horizontal channel: Utilizing the pressure difference inside the borehole, the slag-water mixture flows upward along the annular space between the outer wall of the drill rod and the borehole wall, and is carried to the ground of the upper horizontal channel; Slag and water separation and recycling: The upper horizontal channel is equipped with a sedimentation tank and slag removal equipment to separate the returned slag and water mixture. Rock slag is settled and removed, and the clean water is pumped back into the system for recycling after testing and meeting the standards, ensuring a continuous and stable slag removal process and maintaining the continuity of drilling operations. (3) The following precautions should be taken during the pilot hole drilling process: High drilling pressure should be used for hard rock and stable formations; 3-5 meters away from the bottom horizontal channel, the drilling pressure should be gradually reduced and the drilling speed controlled at 0.5 m / h; rock cuttings generated during pilot hole drilling should be flushed to the sedimentation tank with the hole washing water and cleaned in time; after a drill rod is drilled, the pump can only be stopped and the drill rod can only be unloaded after all the rock cuttings in the hole have been discharged and the circulating water has become clear; no personnel should work within 10m of the center of the bottom horizontal tunnel shaft before the pilot hole is drilled through and during the hole enlargement process; after the pilot hole is drilled through, the water circulation should be stopped, but the drilling rig should not be stopped. Clean water should be injected into the hole until the drilling rig rotates smoothly and the torque changes little before the drilling can be stopped; sudden power outages are strictly prohibited during the entire pilot hole drilling process. Sudden power outages pose a great risk of stuck drill and may also cause equipment damage; whenever there is a planned power outage during construction, the on-site raise-drilling rig operator should be notified 1 hour in advance to prepare in advance so that the on-site operator can take timely measures to remove part of the drill rod to prevent the drill from getting stuck; refer to Figure 22 ; It also includes reaming: (1) Before reaming, a reliable communication system (such as an explosion-proof walkie-talkie or a dedicated wired telephone) needs to be established between the upper and lower horizontal channels to provide communication support for the disassembly of the pilot hole drill bit and the installation of the reaming cutter head. At the same time, it is ensured that the lower horizontal channel has enough space reserved for the installation of the reaming cutter head and the normal operation of the sliding sleeve. Under ideal working conditions, the center cutter head of the reaming cutter head should contact the rock first to avoid excessive load on the side of the cutter head caused by unilateral contact. The specific operation is as follows: After the pilot hole is drilled through, the reaming cutter head and the pilot hole drill bit disassembly tool are transported to the lower opening. The disassembly of the pilot hole drill bit and the installation of the reaming cutter head are completed through upper and lower communication cooperation. Pilot drill bits need to be soaked in machine oil for preservation to extend their lifespan. When reaming, first slowly raise the installed reamer head, stopping the raising once the cutter head approaches the rock. Rotate at the lowest speed and feed slowly, using a "feed-pause" cycle. Continue feeding after the cutter head breaks through and protrudes from the rock. In the initial reaming stage, adjust the rotation speed and feed rate to the lowest values ​​(approximately 2-3 rpm) for slow reaming until the bottom is fully formed. During this period, have a designated person observe from below and provide real-time feedback. Once the drill bit has fully and evenly contacted the rock, proceed with normal reaming operations. The rock cuttings will fall by their own weight through the horizontal channel and be transported to the external spoil heap via the main tunnel. (Refer to...) Figure 23 and Figure 24 (2) During the reaming process, the following precautions should be taken: The operator of the reaming rig should concentrate and operate carefully. If any abnormal sounds or vibrations are heard, the machine should be stopped immediately. The operation of the equipment and the fixation of the frame should be observed at all times. During normal reaming, the rotation speed should be controlled at 3 to 7 rpm / min. The optimal thrust and torque should be selected according to the situation to maintain stable operation. When the reaming reaches 5 meters, the reaming cutterhead should be lowered to the bottom of the well. The cutterhead, center rod, and cutter holder should be thoroughly inspected, and all connecting bolts should be checked and tightened. The movable sleeve is a part of the reaming rig that is more prone to problems. A slight mistake can lead to serious consequences. Therefore, the operator is required to carefully check the threads of the movable sleeve every shift. If there are any problems, they should be dealt with in time. During the reaming operation, water should be used at a rate of 5 m³ / h. 3 / h, the lower horizontal channel must be equipped with a sedimentation and filtration tank and a good drainage system; safety warnings should be placed at the lower wellhead to prevent falling rocks from injuring people, and a special person should be assigned to pay attention to the slag situation, remove the slag in time, and prevent well blockage accidents; the hole enlargement process is also the process of removing drill pipes. The removed drill pipes should be cleaned as necessary, coated with thread oil, and put on protective caps. This also includes dismantling and wellhead protection: 3-5 meters before the end of the hole, the drilling pressure should be reduced and drilling should be slowed down. At the same time, the surrounding rock condition should be closely monitored. If any abnormality occurs, immediate measures should be taken. After the hole is enlarged, the last section of drill rod should be removed first. The enlarged cutterhead should be fixed by the drilling rig base clips. The suspended cutterhead should be connected to the four openings of the cutterhead using buckles. After completion, the enlarged cutterhead should be fixed to the rails. Two additional steel wire ropes should be added to the cutterhead base and secured to the rails. Then, the front and rear tie rods, oil pipes, and cables of the drilling rig should be removed to complete the dismantling of the main unit and auxiliary equipment. At this point, the drilling operation is complete. After the equipment is dismantled, it should be pushed along the laid track to the No. 2-2 vertical shaft working platform and lifted out of the well by a winch. In view of the safety risks of the main unit's concrete foundation being cut and the wellhead being exposed after the hole enlargement, wooden boards or protective steel gratings should be prepared before the hole enlargement. After the hole enlargement is completed, the holes around the base should be covered immediately to eliminate the risk of falling. At the same time, safety protection measures should be implemented in combination with the technical requirements of the drilling rig's concrete foundation bearing capacity and base strength. It also includes precision control during the drilling process: the raise boring machine adopts a "three-level monitoring + dynamic correction" precision control system to achieve the precise control target of pilot hole deviation rate ≤0.3% and enlargement diameter error ±5cm. The specific details are as follows: (1) Three-level monitoring system: 1) Equipment operation level monitoring: High-precision sensors (such as tilt sensors, azimuth sensors, and pressure sensors) are integrated into key parts such as the drilling rig host, drill rod, and cutter head to monitor core parameters such as drilling rig verticality, drilling pressure, and torque in real time, and dynamically feedback the equipment operation status to ensure the initial installation accuracy and drilling posture compliance; 2) Drilling process level monitoring: Relying on measuring equipment such as laser guides and total stations, combined with an automated monitoring system, the axis of the pilot hole and the reaming profile are tracked and measured every 5 to 10 meters of drilling, and the deviation data and diameter deviation are recorded to form a dynamic monitoring ledger to provide data support for correction; 3) Final hole result level monitoring: After the pilot hole is completed, the hole wall is fully scanned using three-dimensional laser scanning technology to detect the pilot hole deviation rate; after the reaming is completed, the hole diameter is measured by an ultrasonic hole diameter detector, compared with the design parameters, and the final hole quality acceptance is completed; (2) Dynamic correction mechanism: 1) Parameter adjustment correction: According to the monitoring data, if the deviation rate of the pilot hole is close to the threshold, the drilling pressure, rotation speed, and propulsion speed are adjusted in real time; for example, when the deviation trend is found, the drilling pressure is reduced, low rotation speed is used for drilling, and the hole direction is corrected by stabilizing the drill rod, and the deviation is gradually corrected; 2) Process technology correction: For the error of the hole diameter, the "graded hole expansion + guiding device" process is adopted; if the hole diameter is insufficient, an additional expansion process is added; a guide stabilizer is installed to ensure that the cutter head is evenly stressed and to avoid the diameter deviation caused by unilateral cutting; 3) Emergency handling correction: When the deviation changes suddenly due to complex geology, drilling is stopped immediately, the cause is analyzed and a special correction plan is formulated; for example, the deviation area is filled by pouring quick-setting concrete, and the gyroscope inclinometer is used for precise guidance when drilling again to ensure that the hole quality meets the standards; through the closed-loop control of "monitoring-feedback-correction", the entire process of the reverse drilling rig is precisely controlled to ensure that the construction quality of the pilot hole and hole expansion reaches the high-precision control target; It also includes the conversion of the lower slag discharge process and the modification of the cutterhead: The vertical tunneling machine's reverse drilling rig construction channel serves as an auxiliary test for the development of new process requirements for ultra-large and ultra-deep vertical shaft vertical tunneling machines. It lays the preliminary preparation and foundation for the research on construction process after the process conversion of the vertical tunneling machine. Before the vertical tunneling machine enters the slag discharge tunnel for construction, the cutterhead of the vertical tunneling machine is modified so that the rock slag generated during tunneling can roll down to the lower slag discharge channel in a timely manner. (1) Based on the selected diameter of the slag discharge guide tunnel, no cutting tools need to be arranged in the lower slag discharge channel. Remove the four 17-inch double roller cutters in the center. (2) According to the survey, rock debris with a diameter of 10mm or more can roll down on its own at a slope of 3° or more, but it is more difficult for particles smaller than 10mm. Within a 25° cone area, the crushed rock debris can automatically converge towards the center. (3) For the 4.25m horizontal section at the center, optimize the tool arrangement and pad the roller cutter mounting base with pads of different thicknesses from the outside to the inside, so that the flat part forms a taper of more than 3°, which makes it easier for rock debris to be discharged to the center and converge in the slag hole. (4) A water flushing port is designed on the back of the cutter to reduce dust during the rock breaking process and to cool the cutter. (5) A steel wire rope can be arranged on the cutter head panel to rotate with the cutter head, thereby disturbing the surrounding rock adhering to the rock surface, improving slag removal efficiency, and reducing wear on the cutter tools; refer to Figure 25 .

[0010] Example 2, Quality Control: (1) Positioning of the horizontal passage: In the positioning of the horizontal passage in the vertical shaft, the orientation of the shaft (triangle method) is achieved by forming a connecting triangle through two steel wires suspended from the shaft frame to the bottom, so as to realize the transfer of plane coordinates and azimuth angles; the core of this method is to optimize the observation conditions by extending the triangle (acute angles α, β and α′, β′ are controlled between 2° and 3°), where points A and A′ should be located as close as possible to the extension line of the two plumb lines to reduce the angle observation error; however, in deep vertical shafts, the steel wires are easily affected by wind flow, dripping water and elastic deformation, which can lead to a decrease in the accuracy of the projection point (projection error θ). It is necessary to reduce the error by sealing the shaft, adding stabilizing liquid (such as 10% copper sulfate solution) and using a high-precision gyro theodolite for re-measurement; finally, by adjusting the angle and side length of the connecting triangle and combining the extension of the total station traverse, the accurate positioning of the center position of the horizontal passage opening is achieved, providing a benchmark guarantee for subsequent roadway construction; refer to Figure 26 (2) Construction deviation of drilling rig foundation: The construction of the foundation of the raised well drilling rig is the core link of deviation control. It is necessary to ensure that the flatness of the foundation surface reaches ±3.0mm, has sufficient stability and C25 concrete strength, and the thickness must meet the requirements of 0.6-1.0m. During construction, loose debris on the rock surface should be strictly cleaned, and concrete should be poured on solid bedrock. If the standard is not met, subsequent drilling rig installation and drilling operations are strictly prohibited to ensure the stability of equipment operation and drilling accuracy. (3) Drilling rig positioning and attitude calibration: During the construction of the raised well drilling rig, a laser guide and a total station are required to perform high-precision positioning and installation of the base to ensure that the installation accuracy and level of the base are controlled within 3mm. After the main unit is in place, the verticality of the drill rod must be checked again. The verticality of the drilling rig is monitored in real time by the tilt sensor, and the level of the base is adjusted to within ±0.1°. The laser beam and the drill rod The axis remains consistent; at the same time, the coordinates of the opening point are calibrated by precise measurement and layout technology, forming a three-level quality control system of "equipment positioning - installation calibration - opening verification", providing a reliable benchmark guarantee for subsequent drilling operations; (4) Guiding deviation correction: The construction of the reverse drilling rig adopts the "three-level monitoring + dynamic correction" precision control system. Through the "monitoring-feedback-correction" closed-loop control, the entire process of the reverse drilling rig construction is precisely controlled, ensuring that the construction quality of the pilot hole and the enlarged hole reaches the high-precision control target, and achieving the precise control target of pilot hole deviation rate ≤0.3% and enlarged hole diameter error ±5cm; (5) Final hole quality acceptance: After the pilot hole is completed, the hole wall is fully scanned by three-dimensional laser scanning technology to detect the pilot hole deviation rate; after the enlarged hole is completed, the hole diameter is measured by ultrasonic hole diameter detector, and the design parameters are compared to complete the final hole quality acceptance; Example 3, Safety Measures: (1) During the slag removal in the upper and lower horizontal passages, traffic control shall be implemented in the vertical shaft connecting passage, and personnel and equipment shall be strictly prohibited from cross-operation; a construction coordination mechanism between the vertical shaft and the connecting passage shall be established, and the work area shall be isolated through the sound and light alarm and signal interlocking system; (2) When blasting in the upper and lower horizontal passages, the hoisting platform shall be raised to a safe distance, and blasting operations shall be carried out after the four parties have confirmed the safe detonation conditions; (3) When using the 2#-2 vertical shaft hoisting system to transport materials and personnel, the "double root" fixing standard shall be implemented: personnel safety belts shall be equipped with double hook fall arresters, and equipment shall be tied with four-point steel wire ropes. (4) Before the equipment is raised into the well, a comprehensive inspection must be carried out, with a focus on checking the wear of the winch brake, the wire rope, and the weld of the lifting lugs; a visual signal system is used to ensure that the lifting speed is ≤0.5m / s to avoid the phenomenon of objects hitting the hoist; (5) The power supply line of the horizontal passage is made of armored cable and is installed along the wall at a height of ≥2.5m above the ground, with a waterproof junction box installed; insulation resistance test is carried out daily (≥10MΩ), and a zero-sequence current transformer (operating current ≤30mA) is configured to ensure the power supply from the well to the horizontal passage. (6) Use the road in accordance with safety regulations to avoid electric shock and fire; (7) Pay attention to the layout of the ventilation system during underground construction to avoid workers from being suffocated or poisoned by gas due to lack of oxygen during underground construction. Pay special attention to strengthening ventilation after blasting. Enter the well for operation only after the real-time gas monitoring instrument shows that all indicators are normal; (8) When using mechanical equipment to remove slag from the upper horizontal channel, pay attention to the position of the slag rake and whether the hoist is firm and reliable. Pay attention to personnel during use to avoid mechanical injury; (9) After the vertical tunneling machine has tunneled to a position 30m above the reverse drilling rig, start the surrounding rock monitoring densification mechanism. The remaining distance from the chamber is 16m. When m, implement "time and space isolation" measures: the tunneling machine is allowed to resume operation only after the reverse drilling rig is dismantled and withdrawn; (9) after each shift, the drilling rig operating platform is fully enclosed for protection, protective covers are installed on exposed rotating parts, and "no climbing" warning signs are set up. After drilling, the hole is sealed to prevent personnel from falling from heights; (10) the dismantling operation follows the principle of "support first, then dismantle", and the parts are hoisted according to weight, and anti-rotation steel wire ropes are used; during the lifting process, anti-collision buffer devices are set up, and the distance between the device and the well wall is kept ≥300mm. The device is lifted steadily to avoid collisions that could cause objects to hit it.

[0011] Example 4, Environmental Protection Measures: (1) Solid waste and waste generated during construction are centrally piled up and regularly transported to the garbage station for disposal; (2) During construction and production, refined management is strengthened, and material requisition ledgers are kept to reduce waste of production materials; (3) At the construction site, to prevent oil spillage, oil containers with good sealing are selected and regularly inspected. If any cracks or loose valves are found in the containers, they are immediately repaired or replaced; when transferring oil, professional anti-drip tools are used and the operation process is standardized; in response to the problem of wastewater overflow, a leak-proof wastewater collection pool and drainage pipes are reasonably laid out, and a dedicated person is arranged to check regularly to ensure that wastewater is collected uniformly and effectively treated by the sewage treatment plant; at the same time, through the site (3) Set up spray dust suppression equipment, harden and water the transportation roads and cover materials to effectively prevent dust from flying and create an environmentally friendly construction environment; (4) Strengthen the management of machinery, regularly maintain and repair machinery and equipment to ensure that they operate smoothly and the noise meets the standards; (5) In the construction area, fire emergency work should be implemented in a solid manner; on the one hand, sufficient fire extinguishers, fire hoses and other equipment should be provided and regularly inspected and maintained; on the other hand, clear evacuation routes should be planned and conspicuous signs should be set up. At the same time, workers should be organized to participate in fire training and drills to ensure that the fire situation can be quickly controlled and to avoid air pollution and water pollution caused by fire, thereby causing harm to the environment, equipment and personnel; (6) Strengthen the environmental awareness education of employees and establish the environmental awareness of all employees.

[0012] Example 5, Resource Conservation: In the complex environment of highway tunnels with hidden shafts and cavities, the riser drilling rig achieves efficient resource utilization through innovative processes: Adopting a three-dimensional construction mode of "combined upper and lower horizontal passages," the connecting passages completed in the main tunnel are used for the construction and excavation of temporary lower horizontal passages, shortening the construction period by 38 days; during the pilot hole drilling stage, relying on a clean water circulation and slag removal system, combined with the slag removal equipment and sedimentation tank in the upper horizontal passage, the returned slag-water mixture is separated. Rock debris is quickly removed after sedimentation, and the clean water, after passing testing, is pumped back into the system for recycling, reducing water resource consumption. Energy consumption was reduced by 40%; during the reaming stage, gravity was used to haul the slag to the bottom of the well, and the energy consumption of the hoisting equipment was reduced by 25% with the help of the main tunnel mechanized transfer system; the construction process fully shared the supporting resources of the orthogonal shaft method mechanized system, realizing centralized management of the entire process of material transportation, ventilation, water and electricity supply, saving 50% of equipment investment compared with the independent construction system; through the "three-level monitoring + dynamic correction" technology, the accuracy was greatly improved and the error was reduced, and a new high-efficiency vertical shaft reverse drilling rig construction mode under the condition of dark well and dark tunnel was successfully constructed, forming a stable and reliable key technical support for the transformation of the main engineering system of the No. 2-1 vertical shaft.

[0013] Example 6, Benefit Analysis: (1) Analysis of the drilling period for the raise boring machine: 1) The innovative "upper and lower horizontal passage combined scheme" for the raise boring machine requires the lower horizontal passage to be constructed first before the upper horizontal passage can be built. If the existing connecting passage from shaft 2#-2 is used, only 42m of excavation is needed, with a work efficiency of 2.5m / d, taking 17 days. If this temporary lower horizontal passage is not constructed, and the connecting passage is constructed from the main tunnel to shaft 2#-1 to excavate the raise boring machine working face, at least 87.158m of excavation is required, with a work efficiency of 2.5m / d (considering the impact of opening a new face, expanding the cross-section, and trolley assembly). The construction period for the lower horizontal tunnel is 38 days (including tunnel excavation, reverse well chamber excavation, reverse well rig track laying, and reverse well rig installation). The construction period for the upper horizontal tunnel of the reverse well rig is 38 days (including tunnel excavation, reverse well chamber excavation, reverse well rig track laying, and reverse well rig installation). The construction period for the pilot hole drilling (efficiency 14m / d), the reaming drilling (efficiency 8m / d), and the dismantling of the rig will take 50 days. The construction of the reverse well rig through the temporary lower horizontal tunnel will take 105 days. The construction through the shortest connecting tunnel, 2#-1, will take 143 days. (2) Construction period analysis of vertical tunneling machine: 1) The cutterhead of the vertical tunneling machine is 120m from the working chamber of the reverse drilling rig and 372m from the bottom. The efficiency is 1m / d. Construction needs to be stopped 16m from the working chamber of the reverse drilling rig to avoid the safety risks of vertical and horizontal intersection. Therefore, the construction period is 104 days. 2) The vertical tunneling machine adopts the "vertical upward mud carrying slag" construction process as originally planned. It will take at least 372 days to reach the bottom. 3) After the vertical tunneling machine is converted to the "vertical downward slag discharge" process at a position 252m from the bottom of the well, the efficiency can reach 3m / d. It will take 204 days to reach the bottom. (3) Analysis of the construction period: From the perspective of the construction period, the use of the temporary horizontal passage to form a three-dimensional construction mode can ensure the normal tunneling of the vertical tunneling machine and timely "downward slag discharge process conversion". The construction of the shortest connecting passage 2#-1 will take at least 143 days and "spatiotemporal conflict" with the tunneling of the vertical tunneling machine, affecting the construction of the vertical tunneling machine by at least 39 days, which cannot meet the construction period requirements. Economic Benefit Analysis: The two construction methods for vertical tunneling machines (MTMs) are calculated to cost approximately 300,000 yuan per linear meter. Compared to opening the No. 2-1 vertical shaft connecting passage, the use of the raise boring machine method, which creates conditions for the "vertical downward muck removal" construction process of the MTM, saves 39 days of construction time and reduces costs by 30 * 39 = 11.7 million yuan. After using the raise boring machine method to create conditions for the "vertical downward muck removal" construction process of the MTM, the same as the "mud-carrying muck upward muck removal" construction process of the MTM can save 168 days of construction time and reduce costs by 30 * 168 = 50.4 million yuan. Estimated social benefits: This application represents an innovative and comprehensive construction method for deep vertical shaft, dark shaft, and dark tunnel construction. It deeply integrates the technological achievements of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission's "1025" major special project on vertical tunneling machines, achieving precise control of process conversion at a critical node 252m from the bottom of shaft 2#-1. This fully meets the needs of schedule coordination, safety management, and scientific research, and is also a prerequisite for the extension, optimization, and experimental research of vertical tunneling machine technology. Furthermore, it matures the process in the implementation of the reverse shaft method for deep vertical shafts, the matching use of mechanized equipment for the reverse shaft method and the forward shaft method, and the millimeter-level deviation rate control during reverse shaft drilling. It forms a standardized construction experience database covering the entire process from "temporary horizontal passage opening - equipment assembly - drilling construction - process control." Its achievements not only provide a real construction experience database for reverse shaft construction in deep vertical shafts under dark shaft and dark tunnel conditions, but also, through its own complex multi-scenario engineering verification, provide replicable processes and methods for similar projects. This is of great significance for solving construction difficulties in similar projects, reducing safety risks, protecting the natural environment, and improving social benefits.

[0014] Example 7, Application Case: Engineering Case, China Communications Construction Company Xinjiang Urumqi-Wuwei Highway PPP Project WYTJ-05 Section Project, Tianshan Victory Tunnel No. 2 shaft site is located 10 kilometers north of Bingdaban on Provincial Highway S301. The shaft is located in a valley below the ridge, in a tectonic denudation mid-mountain landform; Shaft No. 2#-1 was constructed using the vertical tunneling machine method, with an excavation diameter of 11.4m, a completed inner diameter of 9.5m, a shaft wall thickness of 0.8m, a ground elevation at the shaft opening of 3616m, and a shaft depth of 707m; Shaft No. 2#-2 was constructed using the orthogonal shaft method, with an excavation diameter of 12.2m, a completed inner diameter of 10.5m, a ground elevation at the shaft opening of 3615m, and a shaft depth of 704m; In the construction process of the first vertical tunnel boring machine (TBM) for deep and large vertical shafts in highway tunnels, the key technological transformation from "slurry-carrying vertical upward muck removal technology" to "auxiliary muck removal downhole muck removal technology" requires the lower muck removal channel formed by the reverse drilling rig as a prerequisite. As a key technical support for the transformation of the main engineering system of Shaft 2-1, the φ2m pilot hole formed by the reverse drilling method not only provides a muck removal channel for the vertical TBM, but its hole quality directly affects the operating efficiency of the subsequent muck removal system. The efficient connection between the reverse drilling and vertical TBM construction technology transformation has become a core element to ensure the progress of the research and development of the vertical TBM. Through the three-dimensional construction operation of "combined vertical and horizontal access", The platform model, utilizing a top-down "clean water circulation and slag removal" method for pilot hole construction, a bottom-up "self-weight slag removal" method for borehole enlargement, and a "three-level monitoring + dynamic correction" precision control system for precise control of reverse drilling deviation rate and borehole diameter error, enables this application to successfully achieve spatiotemporal collaborative operation between the reverse drilling rig and the vertical tunneling machine. This provides a real-world experience base for reverse drilling in deep vertical shafts under conditions of dark wells and tunnels, significantly shortening the construction period, ensuring quality requirements, reducing costs, and generating profound social benefits. It also provides strong support for the practice of related methods, making the method more mature, reliable, and reproducible.

Claims

1. A highway tunnel hidden hole reverse well drilling machine three-dimensional passage guide hole reaming construction process, characterized in that, Comprise: Through the reverse drilling machine in 2 #-1 shaft from the bottom of the 252 m position accurate excavation of the lower slag channel, to achieve vertical heading machine at this point from "mud carrying slag vertical upward slag technology" to "gravity slag discharge process" switching, through the reverse drilling machine pre-hole and up and down horizontal channel transport, most of the rock slag through the lower horizontal channel to the main hole outside to the designated disposal site, a small amount of rock slag from the upper horizontal channel to the 2 #-2 shaft bottom, through the liaison channel through the main hole outside to the designated disposal site, forming a complete underground slag discharge system; Temporary up and down operation horizontal channel using drill and blast method: the lower horizontal channel uses the left hole formed exhaust liaison channel to implement excavation, the upper horizontal channel at 2 #-2 shaft 3150 m elevation relies on the existing two layer scaffolding to excavate, using YT-28 air drill smooth blasting, rock slag is directly raked to the bottom by P30 rake machine, after the upper horizontal channel excavation in place, the reverse drilling machine working chamber is protected, then the drilling machine installation platform is erected, the reverse drilling machine is installed, the pilot hole is drilled, the hole is expanded and the reverse drilling machine is removed.

2. The highway tunnel adit inverted drill rig three-dimensional access pilot hole reaming construction process of claim 1, characterized in that, Also include the lower horizontal channel construction excavation, the lower horizontal channel as a blind well blind hole reverse drilling machine construction core supporting technology, bear double function: one is in the reverse drilling machine expansion hole excavation and vertical heading machine process conversion section, for the pilot hole falling rock slag provides transport channel; two is as the transport and installation channel of the expansion cutter head; The lower horizontal channel is located on the center line of 2 #-2 and 2 #-1 shaft, using 4.0 m x 4.0 m semicircle + rectangular section, the lower horizontal channel takes the safe passage of ZL50C type loader as the design benchmark, using conventional drill and blast method, using the already formed liaison channel to excavate 42 m in length, equipped with YT-28 air drill, implementing smooth blasting, and each cycle excavation is completed immediately after anchor net spray support.

3. The highway tunnel adit inverted drill rig three-dimensional access pilot hole reaming construction process of claim 1, characterized in that, Also include: The upper horizontal channel construction excavation, the upper horizontal channel is located at 2 #-2 shaft 3150 m elevation, from 2 #-2 shaft to 2 #-1 shaft construction of the horizontal channel, total length 38.3 m, bear the reverse drilling machine installation, material transport channel and drilling operation chamber double function: the hole section adopts 4 m x 4.7 m straight wall vault structure, the working chamber section is 6.5 m x 5.5 m semicircle + rectangular gradually changing section; The excavation of the upper horizontal channel is precisely divided into three stages: the first section is the original 2 #-2 shaft 50 cm thick primary lining concrete, this section first uses the core machine to accurately take out the chamber contour line, guiding the direction of subsequent blasting, then uses weak blasting technology to carefully advance; the second section is the 3 m weak blasting section of the hole, during construction, by means of more holes and less explosive, using air drill to densely drill according to the specified interval, then filling a small amount of explosive, implementing weak blasting; the third section is the normal section excavation, according to the results of advanced geological exploration to implement normal hole blasting, to adapt to the equipment to drill the specified depth, interval of blast hole, filling an appropriate amount of explosive excavation, and each cycle excavation is completed immediately after anchor net spray support.

4. The highway tunnel adit inverted drill rig three-dimensional access pilot hole reaming construction process of claim 1, wherein, During the construction process, the upper layer of the existing two-layer hanging plate of 2#-2 shaft is dropped to the position of the upper horizontal passage opening, and the position is stabilized through the adjustment of the fixer. Before the explosion, the hanging plate needs to be lifted at least 80m high. In addition, considering the 20cm gap between the hanging plate and the shaft wall, which poses a safety hazard when personnel enter and exit the horizontal passage, an active flap is added between the edge of the hanging plate and the shaft wall near the horizontal passage opening. When personnel pass through, the flap is lowered to close the gap and ensure the safety of the operating personnel.

5. The highway tunnel adit inverted drill rig three-dimensional access pilot hole reaming construction process of claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes the requirements for the construction of the upper horizontal passage: the upper horizontal passage slag removal system adopts the "dispersed primary cleaning + centralized external transport" process, and uses a rake to directly rake the rock slag into the bottom of 2#-2 shaft; The first and second sections of the excavation construction are responsible for cleaning the slag by manual, and after the working surface is preliminarily formed, the lower hanging plate is lowered to the level of the upper horizontal passage bottom plate during the normal construction of the third section. The tail end of the rake is fixed to the horizontal passage working surface, and the end of the winch is rigidly connected to the hanging plate main beam with a steel plate clamp. In order to realize the vertical falling of the rock slag into the well, a 1.2m x 1.0m hydraulic active opening is set near the lower hanging plate of the horizontal passage opening. The opening is interlocked with the power supply of the rake. When operating, the opening is opened, and the rock slag is guided into the well bottom through the opening by manually controlling the rake. After the slag removal is completed, the opening is closed, and the state is confirmed through the limit switch to ensure that 80% of the rock slag in the horizontal passage is pre-cleaned before the reverse drilling machine drills the hole. The rock slag falling into the well bottom is uniformly cleaned and transported by the completed communication passage after the construction of the horizontal passage is completed.

6. The highway tunnel adit inverted drill rig three-dimensional access pilot hole reaming construction process of claim 1, wherein, It also includes the protection requirements for the construction of the upper horizontal passage: (1) After each cycle of excavation of each section of the upper horizontal passage, Φ22*2500mm explosive anchor rod is used in combination with Φ8@200x200mm steel mesh and C25 sprayed concrete for anchor net spray support. This horizontal passage is a supplementary test for vertical tunneling machine equipment research; (2) Working chamber protection: after the excavation of the reverse drilling machine working chamber is completed, the rock surface of the entire chamber is first preliminarily supported by anchor net spray support. After the support is completed, in order to ensure the safety of operating personnel and drilling equipment, a protective shed is set up for the working chamber by using I18 steel and steel plates. The longitudinal distance between the I18 steel is 2m.

7. The highway tunnel adit inverted drill rig three-dimensional access pilot hole reaming construction process of claim 1, wherein, It also includes the installation of the auxiliary platform before the reverse drilling machine: (1) Platform design and suspension: the auxiliary platform is built based on the already excavated upper horizontal passage and the existing double-layer hanging plate. H350 steel and I-beam are selected to process a 2.4m wide auxiliary platform; (2) Platform stability guarantee: the auxiliary platform is rigidly connected with the shaft wall. The specific method is to drill bolts at appropriate positions on the surface of the concrete lining of the shaft wall, install steel plates, and then weld the four ends of the two main beams of the auxiliary platform to the steel plates firmly; (3) Platform installation points: before installing the main beam of the platform, lift the 4 steel wires of the suspension system to the same elevation plane; after the platform is installed, a 1.2m high guardrail is also set up around the platform, and a material transportation bucket position is reserved as a channel for personnel to go up and down and for material transportation.

8. The highway tunnel adit inverted drill rig three-dimensional access pilot hole reaming construction process of claim 1, wherein, It also includes hole drilling: (1) After the hole is opened, the guide rod and the stable drill rod assembly are installed in turn, and the drilling machine is started at low speed. Since the surrounding rock is hard rock, the drilling state is monitored in real time through the torque sensor. After the stable rod is completely embedded in the surrounding rock and the guide rod forms stable contact with the rock formation, gradually load to the designed working pressure at a rate of 5kN / min, and at the same time, the speed is increased to 21-26rpm. The dynamic matching of drilling pressure and speed during drilling process controls the drilling speed at 0.7m / h; (2) During the pilot hole drilling process, clean water is relied on the circulation system, and the specific process is as follows: Clean water pressurized delivery: The clean water is pressurized by the clean water pump, connected to the raise-boring machine through the high-pressure pipeline, and the pressurized clean water is injected into the drill rod central channel; Hole bottom slag flushing mixing: High-pressure clean water is sprayed from the drill rod front-end nozzle to the hole bottom, impacting and crushing the broken rock slag, so that it is fully mixed with clean water to form a slag-water mixture; Slag-water backflow to the upper horizontal channel: The pressure difference in the borehole is used to make the slag-water mixture flow upward along the annular space between the drill rod outer wall and the hole wall to the upper horizontal channel on the ground; Slag-water separation and recycling: The upper horizontal channel is provided with a sedimentation tank and a slag removal device to separate the backflow slag-water mixture. The rock slag is deposited and removed, and the clean water is pumped into the system again for recycling after meeting the standard.

9. The highway tunnel adit inverted drill rig three-dimensional access pilot hole reaming construction process of claim 1, wherein, It also includes reaming drilling: (1) Before reaming operation, a reliable communication system needs to be established between the upper and lower horizontal channels to provide communication support for the removal of the pilot hole drill bit and the installation of the reamer cutter, and to ensure that there is enough space in the lower horizontal channel for the installation of the reamer cutter and the normal operation of the sliding sleeve. The specific operation is as follows: after the pilot hole is drilled, the reamer cutter and the pilot hole drill bit removal tool are transported to the lower opening. The pilot hole drill bit is removed and the reamer cutter is installed through the communication between the upper and lower channels. The removed pilot hole drill bit needs to be soaked in oil to prolong its life; (2) The following matters should be paid attention to during the reaming process: the operator of the raise boring machine should pay attention and operate carefully. If abnormal sound or vibration is heard, the machine should be stopped in time for treatment. The running condition of the equipment and the fixation of the rack should be observed at any time. When reaming normally, the rotation speed should be controlled at 3-7 rpm / min. The best thrust and torque for reaming should be selected reasonably according to the situation, and the machine should be kept running smoothly. When the reaming reaches 5 meters, the reamer head should be lowered to the downhole mouth. The reamer head, center rod and cutter seat should be checked thoroughly, and all connecting bolts should be checked and fastened. During the reaming construction, water should be used at a rate of 5 m 3 / h per hour. The downhole passage should be provided with a sedimentation filter tank and a good drainage system. Safety warning should be done well at the downhole mouth, and a person should be assigned to pay attention to the falling slag and remove the slag in time. The reaming process is also the process of disassembling the drill rod. The disassembled drill rod should be cleaned, smeared with thread oil and provided with a protective cap.

10. The highway tunnel adit inverted drill rig three-dimensional access pilot hole reaming construction process of claim 1, wherein, During the reaming opening, the installed reamer cutter is first slowly lifted. When the reamer cutter approaches the rock, the lifting is stopped. Rotate at the lowest speed and give a slow advance. Use the "advance-pause" cycle. After the cutter head breaks through the protruding rock, continue to advance. In the initial reaming stage, the rotation speed and the advance amount are adjusted to the minimum value for slow reaming until the bottom is completely formed. During this period, a dedicated person is arranged to observe and provide real-time feedback. After the drill bit is in full contact with the rock, normal reaming operation is entered, and the rock slag falls to the lower horizontal channel by gravity, and the slag is transported to the outside of the main hole to the slag disposal site; It also includes the conversion of the slag discharge and the cutter modification: The raise-boring machine construction channel of the vertical heading machine is used as an auxiliary test for the development of new technology for super-large and super-deep vertical shaft vertical heading machines. It lays the foundation for the preparation and basis of the construction technology research after the conversion of the vertical heading machine. Before the vertical heading machine enters the slag guide hole construction, the cutter of the vertical heading machine is modified so that the rock slag generated during the heading can be rolled down to the lower slag discharge channel; (1) According to the selected diameter of the slag guide hole, the lower slag discharge channel position part does not need to be arranged with cutters, and the center 4 17-inch double reamer cutters are removed; (2) According to the investigation, the rock debris with a diameter of more than 10 mm can roll down on a slope of more than 3°, but it is difficult for the particles below 10 mm. For the 25° conical surface, the broken rock debris can gather to the center; (3) For the 4.25 m horizontal section in the center, the tool arrangement is optimized. Different thickness of pads are placed on the cutter mounting seat from outside to inside, so that a conical surface with a slope of more than 3° is formed on the flat surface; (4) A water flushing port is designed on the back of the cutter, which is used to reduce dust and cool the cutter during rock breaking; (5) Steel wire ropes can be arranged on the cutter disc panel, which rotates with the cutter disc and plays a disturbing role on the broken surrounding rock attached to the rock surface.

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