Energy storage battery safety monitoring and thermal runaway suppression linkage device

Abstract

The invention discloses an energy storage battery safety monitoring and thermal runaway suppression linkage device which comprises a module box, flexible temperature sensors and flexible pressure sensors are arranged at the bottom of the module box through a printing technology, the flexible temperature sensors correspond to the centers of the bottoms of all the batteries, and the flexible pressure sensors are arranged on the two sides of the bottoms of the batteries. The flexible pressure sensor and the flexible temperature sensor are both connected with the control total end, the control total end is located at one end of the module box, the other end of the module box is provided with an exhaust assembly, the top of the module box is further provided with a condensation cooling assembly, and the two sides of the module box are each provided with a plurality of side wall air inlets. The flexible temperature sensor and the flexible pressure sensor are printed and integrated in the bottom area of the module box, the space occupancy rate of the module box can be effectively controlled, a fault battery can be accurately recognized and positioned before the battery is obviously expanded, the air exhaust assembly and the condensation cooling assembly timely take response, powerful cooling of the battery is achieved, and fire blast accidents are restrained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of sodium-ion battery technology, and particularly relates to a linkage device for safety monitoring and thermal runaway suppression of energy storage batteries. Background Technology

[0002] The scarcity of lithium resources and their significant price fluctuations have long been a core bottleneck hindering the rapid development of lithium battery technology. In contrast, sodium-ion batteries exhibit significant advantages in many aspects: not only are they cheaper to produce and safer, but they also excel in rate performance and low-temperature performance, giving them broad application prospects in the energy storage field. Especially considering the harsh climate of western plateau regions and northern my country's frigid winters, the excellent low-temperature performance of sodium-ion batteries gives them unique application value in energy storage scenarios. In terms of working principle, sodium-ion batteries are quite similar to lithium-ion batteries. Both rely on the insertion and extraction of ions between the positive and negative electrodes to complete the charging and discharging process. The only difference is that the ions that conduct charge are sodium ions (Na+), one being sodium ions and the other being lithium ions. + ) and lithium ion (Li + For this reason, the degradation law of electrical performance and the evolution trend of safety of sodium-ion batteries are similar to those of lithium-ion batteries. As the battery ages, its health and thermal safety will gradually decrease. During this process, the electrode materials will be damaged to varying degrees, active metals will be deposited, the SEI film will gradually thicken, and the porosity of the separator will decrease. Ultimately, this will lead to a significant increase in the battery's internal resistance. When the battery is subjected to various abuses, it is very easy to trigger a series of exothermic side reactions inside, which can lead to battery fire accidents. In the field of energy storage, the structure of energy storage compartments presents a clear hierarchical division, from low to high: individual cells, battery modules, battery clusters, and energy storage compartments. Battery fire accidents usually follow a specific path: it starts with abnormal heat generation in individual cells, the heat is rapidly transferred between cells, which then causes the entire battery module to catch fire, and finally the fire spreads further, developing into a fire accident in the entire energy storage compartment. Therefore, if we want to effectively prevent battery fire accidents and control the severity of the accident, the key is to take timely and effective intervention measures at the battery module level for abnormal individual cells. Currently, existing battery monitoring and suppression systems mainly monitor and control faulty batteries by integrating various types of sensors, such as temperature, pressure, gas, and smoke, into the battery module box. However, in practical applications, a battery module is often composed of dozens or even hundreds of batteries connected in series and parallel. To monitor the status of each battery in real time, a large number of sensors need to be integrated. This not only leads to a significant increase in manufacturing costs but also increases the complexity of wiring harness layout. More importantly, the integration of a large number of sensors will seriously encroach on the internal space of the module box, reduce space utilization, and thus hinder battery heat dissipation, thereby exacerbating the safety risks of the battery. For example, Chinese invention patent CN114069068A discloses a power battery thermal runaway detection and early warning system, including a battery management system and a temperature sensor, a voltage detection circuit, a flame sensor, a pressure sensor, a smoke sensor, and a fire extinguisher, all connected to the battery management system. The temperature sensor is connected to the battery tabs, and the voltage detection circuit is connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery. The smoke sensor, flame sensor, pressure sensor, and fire extinguisher are all located inside the battery box. The battery management system receives signals detected by multiple temperature sensors, multiple voltage detection circuits, flame sensors, pressure sensors, and smoke sensors in real time, and determines whether thermal runaway management is triggered based on the detected signals. However, the invention does not provide detailed explanations regarding the arrangement of multiple types of sensors in the module box and the solution to the complex wiring harness problem. In addition, the large number and complex signals generated by the detection of multiple types of sensors will increase the load on the battery management system, which places higher demands on the development of the battery management system. For example, Chinese invention patent CN120189661A discloses a lithium battery fire extinguishing system, including an energy storage compartment for housing several battery clusters. Each battery cluster contains multiple stacked battery modules. A fire monitor is installed inside the energy storage compartment, which can spray fire extinguishing medium onto any battery cluster. A water collection tank is provided at the bottom of the battery cluster to collect the fire extinguishing medium flowing down from the multiple battery modules. A liquid supply component is provided inside the water collection tank. An inlet is provided on the outer casing of the battery module. The liquid supply component supplies the fire extinguishing medium from the water collection tank into the inlet of the battery module through a pipeline component, thereby extinguishing the fire inside the battery module. However, this invention still requires a clear understanding of the fire situation before fire extinguishing can be performed, and there is a significant lag in addressing the flammability and explosiveness of the battery. In addition, with the widespread application of large-capacity batteries in the energy storage field, their thermal runaway behavior is more severe, significantly increasing the difficulty of fire suppression. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a linkage device for safety monitoring and thermal runaway suppression of energy storage batteries. Flexible temperature sensors and flexible pressure sensors are printed and integrated into the bottom area of ​​the module box, which can effectively control its space occupancy rate. At the same time, the two work together to accurately identify and locate faulty batteries before the batteries expand significantly, thereby greatly improving the safety of energy storage batteries.

[0004] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A safety monitoring and thermal runaway suppression linkage device for energy storage batteries includes a module box and batteries disposed within the module box. Flexible temperature sensors and flexible pressure sensors are printed on the bottom of the module box, with the flexible temperature sensors corresponding to the center of the bottom of each battery cell. Flexible pressure sensors are disposed on both sides of the bottom of the battery. Both the flexible pressure sensors and the flexible temperature sensors are connected to a central control terminal located at one end of the module box. An exhaust assembly is disposed at the other end of the module box, and a condensation cooling assembly is disposed on the top of the module box. Multiple sidewall air inlets are provided on both sides of the module box.

[0005] In one embodiment, both the flexible temperature sensor and the flexible pressure sensor are connected to the control terminal via wires and pins.

[0006] In one embodiment, the control center is also connected to a main control display screen and an alarm.

[0007] In one embodiment, the top of the module box is equipped with a top cover plate, and the condensation cooling assembly includes a condensate nozzle installed at the bottom of the top cover plate, the condensate nozzle being connected to a condensation tank via a condensate conduit.

[0008] In one embodiment, the condenser and the control terminal are located at the same end of the module box.

[0009] In one embodiment, the exhaust assembly is an exhaust fan, which is electrically connected to the control terminal, and the exhaust fan is activated when the flexible temperature sensor detects a temperature greater than 80°C.

[0010] In one embodiment, the refrigerant conduit is provided with a condensation switch electrically connected to the control terminal, which is activated when the flexible temperature sensor detects a temperature greater than 80°C and the flexible pressure sensor detects a pressure change rate less than 0.

[0011] In one embodiment, the condensation cooling assembly further includes a slide rail mounted on the bottom of the upper cover plate, and the refrigerant nozzle is mounted on the slide rail.

[0012] In one embodiment, a pressure gauge is also provided at the opening of the condenser.

[0013] In one embodiment, the condenser is positioned above the control terminal.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: (1) The flexible temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are integrated together in the bottom area of ​​the module box. This integrated layout can effectively control the space occupancy rate of the flexible temperature sensor and the pressure sensor inside the module box. At the same time, the synergistic detection function of the flexible temperature sensor and the flexible pressure sensor can accurately identify and locate the faulty battery before the battery expands significantly, thereby providing technical support for managers to quickly find and deal with the faulty battery. (2) The design of graded cooling suppression ensures the safety of the energy storage battery. The side wall of the module box is equipped with air inlet holes and an exhaust fan is installed at the rear of the module box. The combination of air inlet holes and exhaust fan can increase the air convection intensity inside the module box, thereby achieving air cooling of the faulty battery to suppress the further development of thermal runaway. When the battery temperature continues to rise and internal gas production causes expansion and deformation, resulting in a significant drop in pressure on both sides of the bottom (pressure change rate < 0), the condensate nozzle is moved to the top of the faulty battery to achieve strong cooling and suppress combustion and explosion accidents. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention is shown; Figure 2 This shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention in one direction; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the module box of the present invention is shown; Figure 4 This diagram illustrates the operation of the control center of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings, the same parts use the same reference numerals. The drawings are not to scale.

[0016] Figure label: 1-Module box, 2-Battery, 3-Flexible temperature sensor, 4-Flexible pressure sensor, 5-Wire, 6-Pin, 7-Control terminal, 8-Main control display screen, 9-Alarm, 10-Condensate tank, 11-Pressure gauge, 12-Slide rail, 13-Condensate conduit, 14-Condensate nozzle, 15-Top cover, 16-Air inlet, 17-Exhaust fan. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] This invention provides a linkage device for safety monitoring and thermal runaway suppression of energy storage batteries, such as... Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the module includes a module box 1 and a battery 2 disposed inside the module box 1. A flexible temperature sensor 3 and a flexible pressure sensor 4 are arranged on the bottom of the module box 1 by printing process. The flexible temperature sensor 3 corresponds to the center of the bottom of each battery 2. The flexible pressure sensor 4 is disposed on both sides of the bottom of the battery 2. Both the flexible pressure sensor 4 and the flexible temperature sensor 3 are connected to the control terminal 7. The control terminal 7 is located at one end of the module box 1. An exhaust assembly is provided at the other end of the module box 1. A condensation cooling assembly is also provided at the top of the module box 1. Multiple side wall air inlets 16 are opened on both sides of the module box 1. Both the flexible temperature sensor 3 and the flexible pressure sensor 4 are connected to the control terminal 7 through wires 5 and pins 6. It should be noted that in this embodiment, by printing and integrating the flexible temperature sensor 3 and the flexible pressure sensor 4 together in the bottom area of ​​the module box 1, the space occupied by the flexible temperature sensor 3 and the pressure sensor 4 inside the module box 1 can be greatly reduced. At the same time, the collaborative detection function of the flexible temperature sensor 3 and the flexible pressure sensor 4 can accurately identify and locate the faulty battery 2 before the battery 2 expands significantly, thereby providing technical support for managers to quickly find and deal with the faulty battery 2. In one embodiment, battery 2 uses a square battery, but is not limited to a square battery. It can be selected according to the actual situation. The printed shape, quantity and position of the flexible sensor can also be reasonably designed according to the battery module box type and the arrangement of battery 2 inside the box. In one embodiment, the control terminal 7 is also connected to a main control display screen 8 and an alarm 9. Battery temperature and pressure signals are transmitted to the control terminal 7 via wires 5 and pins 6 for analysis and processing, and then displayed on the main control display screen 8, allowing operators to observe the status of battery 2 in real time. The alarm 9 can emit three colors of light—green, yellow, and red—corresponding to different risk levels of battery 2. For example, green indicates that battery 2 is safe and has not experienced thermal runaway; yellow indicates a level two warning, where the battery temperature reaches 80°C and begins to enter the thermal runaway stage; and red indicates a level one warning, where the battery temperature continues to rise and significant expansion and deformation occur, posing a high risk of combustion and explosion. The warning light of the alarm 9 can also be divided into different colors according to the actual situation of thermal runaway of battery 2. In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, a top cover plate 15 is installed on the top of the module box 1. The condensation cooling component includes a refrigerant nozzle 14 installed at the bottom of the top cover plate 15. The refrigerant nozzle 14 is connected to the condensation tank 10 through a refrigerant conduit 13. The condensation tank 10 and the control terminal 7 are located at the same end of the module box 1. The exhaust component is an exhaust fan 17. The exhaust fan 17 is electrically connected to the control terminal 7. The exhaust fan 17 is started when the flexible temperature sensor 3 detects a temperature greater than 80°C. A condensation switch electrically connected to the control terminal 7 is installed on the refrigerant conduit 13 to turn on when the flexible temperature sensor 3 detects a temperature greater than 80°C and the flexible pressure sensor 4 detects a pressure change rate less than 0. It should be noted that multiple air inlets 16 are opened on both sides of the module box 1, and the control terminal 7 and exhaust assembly are respectively arranged at both ends. A condensation cooling assembly is set on the top. Together with the flexible temperature sensor 3 and flexible pressure sensor 4 printed on the bottom of the module box 1, a multi-stage cooling suppression effect for the battery 2 can be achieved with only a small area inside the module box 1. For example, when the battery temperature exceeds 80℃ (SEI film decomposition temperature), the exhaust fan 17 is activated, which, together with the multiple air inlets 16 on both sides, alleviates the heat accumulation in the module box 1 and cools the battery 2. When the temperature of the battery 2 continues to rise, the internal gas production causes expansion and deformation, and the pressure on both sides of the bottom drops significantly (pressure change rate <0), the faulty battery 2 can be quickly identified by combining the "temperature continues to exceed the standard" and "pressure drops abnormally" signals, and the condensation cooling assembly on the top can be used to cool it down and suppress the explosion accident. In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the condensation cooling assembly also includes a slide rail 12 installed at the bottom of the upper cover plate 15, and a refrigerant nozzle 14 is installed on the slide rail 12; It should be noted that the slide rail 12 set at the bottom of the upper cover plate 15 facilitates the movement of the condenser nozzle to the located faulty battery 2 according to the flexible temperature sensor 3 and the flexible pressure sensor 4, so as to accurately and quickly force the faulty battery 2 to cool down, and the suppression of thermal runaway is more targeted. In one embodiment, a pressure gauge 11 is also provided at the mouth of the condenser 10, and the condenser 10 is positioned above the control terminal 7.

[0019] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "bottom", "top", "front", "rear", "inner", "outer", "left", "right", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0020] While the invention has been described herein with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely examples of the principles and applications of the invention. Therefore, it should be understood that many modifications can be made to the exemplary embodiments, and other arrangements can be designed without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that different dependent claims and features described herein can be combined in ways different from those described in the original claims. It is also understood that features described in conjunction with individual embodiments can be used in other described embodiments.

Claims

1. A safety monitoring and thermal runaway suppression linkage device for energy storage batteries, characterized in that, The application relates to a battery module box and a battery arranged in the battery module box, wherein the bottom of the battery module box is provided with a flexible temperature sensor and a flexible pressure sensor through a printing process, the flexible temperature sensor corresponds to the bottom center of each battery, the flexible pressure sensor is arranged at the two sides of the bottom of the battery, the flexible pressure sensor and the flexible temperature sensor are connected with a control terminal, the control terminal is located at one end of the battery module box, an air exhaust assembly is arranged at the other end of the battery module box, a condensation cooling assembly is further arranged at the top of the battery module box, and a plurality of side wall air inlets are formed in the two sides of the battery module box.

2. The energy storage battery safety monitoring and thermal runaway suppression linkage of claim 1, wherein, The flexible temperature sensor and the flexible pressure sensor are connected with the control terminal through wires and pins.

3. The energy storage battery safety monitoring and thermal runaway suppression linkage of claim 2, wherein, The control terminal is further connected with a main control display screen and an alarm.

4. The energy storage battery safety monitoring and thermal runaway mitigation interlock of claim 2, wherein, An upper cover plate is arranged at the top of the battery module box, the condensation cooling assembly comprises a condensing agent nozzle arranged at the bottom of the upper cover plate, and the condensing agent nozzle is connected with a condensing tank through a condensing agent pipeline.

5. The energy storage battery safety monitoring and thermal runaway mitigation interlock of claim 4, wherein, The condensing tank and the control terminal are arranged at the same end of the battery module box.

6. The energy storage battery safety monitoring and thermal runaway mitigation interlock of claim 4, wherein, The air exhaust assembly is an air exhaust fan, the air exhaust fan is electrically connected with the control terminal, and the air exhaust fan is started when the flexible temperature sensor collects a temperature greater than 80 DEG C.

7. The energy storage battery safety monitoring and thermal runaway mitigation interlock of claim 4 or 6, wherein, A condensing switch electrically connected with the control terminal is arranged on the condensing agent pipeline, so as to be started when the flexible temperature sensor collects a temperature greater than 80 DEG C and the flexible pressure sensor collects a pressure change rate less than 0.

8. The energy storage battery safety monitoring and thermal runaway mitigation interlock of claim 4, wherein, The condensation cooling assembly further comprises a sliding rail arranged at the bottom of the upper cover plate, and the condensing agent nozzle is arranged on the sliding rail.

9. The energy storage battery safety monitoring and thermal runaway mitigation interlock of claim 4, wherein, A pressure gauge is further arranged at the bottle opening of the condensing tank.

10. The energy storage battery safety monitoring and thermal runaway mitigation interlock of claim 5, wherein, The condensing tank is arranged above the control terminal.

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