Single-pair Ethernet communication transceiver for increasing signal transmission distance

Abstract

The invention provides a single-pair Ethernet communication transceiver for increasing a signal transmission distance, and relates to the technical field of long-distance communication, and the single-pair Ethernet communication transceiver comprises a standard Ethernet interface module which is used for converting an external standard differential signal into a digital relay signal; the single-pair Ethernet transceiver module is connected back to back through a digital interface to realize physical layer conversion between a digital signal and a single-pair long-range differential signal; and the control module is used for obtaining loss information by accessing the state register and dynamically adjusting the transmission gain. The beneficial effects of the invention are that multiple pairs of wires are simplified into single pair of wires for transmission, and cable cost and space requirements are greatly reduced; the limitation of 100 meters is broken through, direct interconnection of more than 1000 meters is realized, an intermediate gateway and a relay subsystem are omitted, and an industrial network is simplified; a dynamic compensation mechanism based on real-time loss feedback thoroughly solves the problem of attenuation of a long cable, and ensures the stability of long-distance communication.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of long-distance communication technology, and in particular to a single-pair Ethernet transceiver for improving signal transmission distance. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional Ethernet (such as 10 / 100 / 1000Base-T) is currently widely used in industrial automation systems. However, with the increasing demands of Industry 4.0 for compact device connections and lower cabling costs, the limitations of traditional Ethernet solutions are becoming increasingly apparent: High cabling complexity: Traditional Ethernet typically requires two or four pairs of twisted-pair cables for data transmission, resulting in excessive physical redundancy in large-scale factory cabling, increasing installation costs and maintenance difficulty.

[0003] Limited transmission distance: The effective transmission distance of traditional Ethernet is usually limited to within 100 meters, which cannot meet the end-to-end direct communication needs of long-distance field devices in modern intelligent factories.

[0004] To address these issues, while the industry has begun introducing Single-Pair Ethernet (SPE) technology to simplify cabling and attempt to increase transmission distance, the following key technical bottlenecks still exist in practical applications: Severe signal attenuation over long distances: During long-distance transmission (e.g., over 1000 meters), the signal will suffer severe loss due to the limitations of the physical characteristics of the twisted pair cable itself.

[0005] Existing single-pair Ethernet solutions often only provide static physical layer translation, lacking a means to self-adjust based on the actual cable quality and real-time loss. When faced with long-distance cables of varying lengths, specifications, or subject to environmental interference, existing transceivers struggle to maintain stable signal integrity, leading to frequent bit errors or even outages in long-distance communication.

[0006] Therefore, how to construct a circuit system that can monitor the link status in real time and dynamically adjust and compensate the signal to address the loss generated by a single Ethernet pair in long-distance transmission, so as to achieve stable and high-speed Ethernet communication over 1000 meters, is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a single-pair Ethernet communication transceiver for improving signal transmission distance, comprising: A standard Ethernet interface module is configured to connect to an external standard Ethernet device via multiple pairs of twisted-pair interfaces, and is used to convert the standard Ethernet differential signals on the multiple pairs of twisted-pairs into digital relay signals. A single-pair Ethernet transceiver module is connected back-to-back to the standard Ethernet transceiver module via a digital interface and configured to connect to a single-pair twisted-pair transmission medium to realize bidirectional physical layer protocol conversion between the digital relay signal and the long-range differential signal in the single-pair twisted-pair transmission medium. The control module accesses the status register in the single-pair Ethernet transceiver module and dynamically adjusts the compensation gain of the long-distance differential signal to be transmitted based on the loss information fed back by the status register, so as to support normal communication over long-distance cables.

[0008] Preferably, the single-pair Ethernet transceiver module includes: The encoding and modulation unit is used to perform different line encoding and waveform modulation processing for the transmission and reception directions of the long-range differential signal.

[0009] Preferably, the coding and modulation unit distinguishes between the transmitting and receiving paths when processing signals, including: The signal transmission subunit is used to map the four-bit binary code in the digital relay signal into a long-range differential signal of three ternary codes using the 4B3T encoding algorithm on the transmission path and drive it into the single-pair twisted-pair transmission medium to reduce the symbol rate when transmitting on the single-pair twisted-pair. The signal receiving subunit is used to, on the receiving path, employ the PAM3 encoding scheme to identify and decode the three-level pulse amplitude modulation signal and its polarity in the received long-range differential signal, and restore it to the digital relay signal.

[0010] Preferably, the control module accesses the status register in the single pair of Ethernet transceiver modules through the MDIO / MDC serial interface.

[0011] Preferably, the single-pair Ethernet transceiver module has a built-in cable status detector for diagnosing physical link faults in the connected single-pair twisted-pair transmission medium.

[0012] Preferably, the standard Ethernet transceiver module is connected to the RJ45 interface via a network transformer to achieve compatibility with traditional 10 / 100 / 1000Base-T networks.

[0013] Preferably, a signal protection circuit is further provided between the single pair Ethernet transceiver module and the single pair twisted-pair transmission medium. The protection circuit includes a DC blocking capacitor, a common-mode inductor, and an electrostatic protection device connected in series.

[0014] The above technical solution has the following advantages or beneficial effects: 1. The traditional four-pair or two-pair twisted-pair cable is simplified to a single-pair twisted-pair cable, which greatly reduces the cost of cable consumables and installation space requirements in industrial sites.

[0015] 2. By utilizing physical layer protocol conversion technology, the effective communication distance of Ethernet data is increased from the traditional 100 meters to over 1000 meters. This long-distance transmission capability allows central control equipment to directly connect with remote production equipment via Ethernet, eliminating the need for intermediate conversion gateways and subsystem relays, and greatly simplifying the industrial network architecture.

[0016] 3. The control module dynamically adjusts and compensates the gain of the long-distance differential signal to be transmitted based on the feedback loss information, ensuring normal and reliable communication over long-distance cables of more than 1,000 meters. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a single-pair Ethernet communication transceiver for improving signal transmission distance is provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single pair of Ethernet transceiver modules in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The present invention is not limited to this embodiment; other embodiments that conform to the spirit of the present invention may also fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, a single-pair Ethernet communication transceiver for improving signal transmission distance is provided, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes: Standard Ethernet interface module 1 is configured to connect to an external standard Ethernet device via a multi-pair twisted-pair interface, and is used to convert standard Ethernet differential signals on the multi-pair twisted-pair cable into digital trunk signals. The single-pair Ethernet transceiver module 2 is connected back-to-back to the standard Ethernet transceiver module 1 through a digital interface and is configured to connect to the single-pair twisted-pair transmission medium 3 to realize bidirectional physical layer protocol conversion between digital relay signals and long-range differential signals in the single-pair twisted-pair transmission medium. Control module 4 accesses the status register in the single-pair Ethernet transceiver module and dynamically adjusts the compensation gain of the long-distance differential signal to be transmitted based on the loss information fed back by the status register, so as to support normal communication over long-distance cables.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 2 As shown, the single-pair Ethernet transceiver module 2 includes: The encoding and modulation unit 21 is used to perform different line encoding and waveform modulation processing for the transmission and reception directions of the long-range differential signal.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 2 As shown, the encoding and modulation unit 21 distinguishes between the transmitting and receiving paths when processing signals, including: The signal transmitting subunit 211 is used to use the 4B3T encoding algorithm to map the four-bit binary code in the digital relay signal into a long-range differential signal of three ternary codes and drive it into the single-pair twisted-pair transmission medium to reduce the symbol rate when transmitting on the single-pair twisted-pair. The signal receiving subunit 212 is used to use the PAM3 encoding scheme on the receiving path to identify and decode the three-level pulse amplitude modulation signal and its polarity in the received long-range differential signal and restore it to a digital relay signal.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 2 As shown, the control module 3 accesses the status register 22 in the single-pair Ethernet transceiver module 2 through the MDIO / MDC serial interface.

[0023] Specifically, the single-pair Ethernet transceiver in this embodiment can be applied to environments requiring long-distance communication. For example, in a production workshop, the central control equipment needs to communicate with multiple production equipment in the workshop. However, current Ethernet transceivers can only achieve a communication distance of 100 meters, so multiple intermediate conversion gateways and subsystems are needed to relay and forward signals in order to achieve long-distance (more than 1000 meters) communication between the production equipment and the central control equipment.

[0024] In this embodiment, the single-pair Ethernet transceiver connects directly to the standard Ethernet interface (e.g., RJ45) of the central control device on one side and to the production equipment via a long-distance cable on the other. Firstly, at the signal flow and conversion level, this embodiment receives the standard Ethernet differential signal from the central control device through the standard Ethernet interface module 1 (e.g., the YT8522 chip) and converts it into an internal digital relay signal. Subsequently, this digital relay signal enters the single-pair Ethernet transceiver module 2 (e.g., the YT8111 chip) through a back-to-back digital interface. This architecture enables seamless relaying between different physical layer protocols, laying the foundation for subsequent long-distance operation.

[0025] Secondly, at the physical layer coding level, to adapt to the bandwidth limitations of single-pair twisted-pair cables in long-distance transmission, the single-pair Ethernet transceiver module 2 employs advanced line coding technology. The module uses the 4B3T coding algorithm, mapping four binary bits to three ternary codes, effectively reducing the symbol rate and baud rate of the signal on the transmission medium. Simultaneously, combined with the PAM3 modulation scheme, multi-level signals and their polarities are used for data representation, significantly reducing the impact of high-frequency attenuation on signal quality, thus enabling the signal to be transmitted over greater physical distances.

[0026] More specifically, in the single-pair Ethernet transceiver module 2 of this invention, data transmission and reception is a highly complex signal conversion process. Through the cooperation of 4B3T encoding (transmitter) and PAM3 demodulation (receiver), the chip can achieve long-distance communication of 1200 meters at a low baud rate over a single pair of twisted-pair cables.

[0027] The following is a detailed description of the sending and receiving process: 1. Transmission process: From digital to analog (4B3T encoding). The core of the transmission process lies in reducing the signal frequency and maintaining DC balance so that the signal can travel further.

[0028] The chip receives 4 bits of binary data from the MAC layer (via the MII interface).

[0029] First, scrambling is performed to make the data distribution more random and avoid long strings of 0s or 1s. This helps with clock extraction and reduces electromagnetic interference (EMI).

[0030] 4B3T mapping conversion: Converts every 4 bits of binary data (4B) into 3 ternary symbols (3T). The advantage lies in the fact that 4 bits of binary data have 2^4 = 16 states, while 3 bits of ternary data have 3^3 = 27 states. The redundant states are used to optimize transmission characteristics. This conversion reduces the symbol rate to 3 / 4 of the original data rate (7.5 Mbd), thus significantly reducing cable loss.

[0031] The encoder calculates the cumulative DC component (RDS) of the transmitted signal in real time.

[0032] If the current RDS is positive, the algorithm selects a code group with a negative sum of levels from the 4B3T mapping table, and vice versa. This ensures that the average voltage on the cable remains 0, preventing transformer saturation.

[0033] The converted ternary symbols {-1, 0, +1} are fed into a DAC and converted into voltage pulses (1.0Vpp or 2.4Vpp). The signal is then sent to a single-pair twisted-pair cable via a hybrid circuit and a differential driver.

[0034] 2. Reception Process: From Analog to Digital (PAM3 Demodulation). The core of the reception process lies in signal recovery and polarity correction, because signals transmitted over long distances will suffer severe distortion.

[0035] After the signal enters the single-pair Ethernet transceiver module from the cable, it first passes through the analog front end (AFE). An internally configured adaptive equalizer compensates for high-frequency attenuation (insertion loss) and reflection interference caused by the 1200-meter cable. Because it's full-duplex communication, the receiving end subtracts the echo generated by the local transmission, thereby extracting the weak signal from the distant end.

[0036] Then, PAM3 determination and polarity identification are performed: The waveform is judged at the optimal sampling point and identified as one of the three levels: +1, 0, or -1.

[0037] Polarity detection: By reading the link training sequence, the system identifies whether the cable is connected in reverse. If it is connected in reverse, the DSP will automatically invert the received level (-1 to +1) to achieve logical polarity correction.

[0038] Then perform the inverse mapping from 3T to 4B: The recovered 3 ternary symbols (3T) are restored into 4 bits of binary data (4B) according to the mapping table.

[0039] At this point, an integrity check of the runtime difference will be performed to ensure that no DC drift error has occurred during transmission.

[0040] Finally, the restored binary stream is descrambled. The recovered standard Ethernet frames are then sent to a standard Ethernet interface module (such as YT8522) via the MII / RMII interface.

[0041] Furthermore, for a single Ethernet transceiver module, the 4B3T encoding algorithm is used in the transmission path. This algorithm converts a 4-bit binary code into 3 ternary codes by combining a running difference. The specific explanation is as follows: In long-distance transmission of Single-Pair Ethernet (SPE), to prevent baseline drift and ensure the stability of transformer-isolated coupling, the DC component of the signal on the cable must be zero. The Running Digital Sum (RDS) is the algebraic sum of all transmitted ternary symbols (PAM3, levels +1, 0, -1) since the start of transmission. It records the cumulative deviation of positive or negative levels in the current circuit. The algorithm selects the next set of ternary symbols based on the current RDS value to bring the total RDS towards zero.

[0042] The single-pair Ethernet transceiver module (YT8111 chip) uses the 4B3T algorithm to map 4 bits of binary data into 3 ternary symbols. The specific steps are as follows: 1. Create a mapping table Each Ethernet transceiver module has a pre-defined table that maps 16 possible binary combinations (2^4=16) to 27 possible ternary combinations (3^3=27).

[0043] Neutral group: The sum of the levels of the ternary code group itself is 0 (e.g., 0, +1, -1). After sending this type of code group, RDS remains unchanged.

[0044] Pairing groups: For non-neutral combinations, the algorithm prepares two sets of schemes. For example, binary 0001 can correspond to +1, 0, +1 (summing up to +2), or it can correspond to -1, 0, -1 (summing up to -2).

[0045] 2. Coding Decision Logic When processing each group of 4-bit binary code, the transmitting end of a single Ethernet transceiver module performs the following judgment: Check the current RDS: Determine whether the previously accumulated level is biased towards positive or negative.

[0046] If RDS > 0 (indicating that there was an excess of positive levels previously), the algorithm will select code groups whose sum of levels is negative to send, thereby offsetting the deviation.

[0047] If RDS < 0 (indicating that there were more negative levels previously), the algorithm will select code groups whose sum of levels is positive to send.

[0048] If RDS=0, then one of the schemes will be selected according to the preset rules.

[0049] After transmission is complete, the levels of the three newly transmitted symbols are added to the old RDS to update it with the new running difference for use in the next encoding.

[0050] For intuitive understanding, the following is a simplified logic table (not the standard 4B3T full table, for illustration only):

[0051] Assume that the current circuit's RDS is +1.

[0052] Now enter the binary number 1010.

[0053] The algorithm identifies that RDS is positive, and in order to balance, it forces the selection of scheme B (-1,0,-1).

[0054] After sending, the new RDS = +1 + (-2) = -1.

[0055] The algorithm will tend to choose option A during the next encoding process.

[0056] A single Ethernet transceiver module dynamically selects the compensation level code group during 4B3T encoding by monitoring the running difference (RDS) in real time. This mechanism ensures that the average voltage on the 1200-meter transmission cable approaches zero, effectively avoiding bit errors caused by baseline drift and enhancing the system's reliability in industrial electromagnetic environments.

[0057] Furthermore, for a single pair of Ethernet transceiver modules, the PAM3 encoding scheme is used on the receiving path, and its specific explanation is as follows: In traditional Ethernet (such as 10BASE-T), binary (0 and 1) voltage levels are typically used. PAM3 modulation, however, divides the signal into three different voltage levels, typically represented as -1, 0, and +1. Each clock cycle, the signal transmitted over the cable is no longer simply on or off, but rather one of these three voltage levels.

[0058] As mentioned earlier, the transmitting end uses 4B3T encoding to map 4 bits of binary data into 3 PAM3 symbols. This modulation method can transmit more data at the same frequency, or in other words, it can reduce the bandwidth (frequency) requirements when transmitting data at the same rate, thus enabling ultra-long-distance transmission of 1200 meters.

[0059] In circuit implementation, polarity primarily refers to the positive or negative direction of a signal. In the receiver of a single Ethernet transceiver module 2 (such as the YT8111 chip), polarity handling is crucial: When wiring in industrial settings, it is very easy to reverse the two wires (positive and negative) of a single twisted pair cable. If reversed, the +1 level received by the receiver will become -1, and -1 will become +1.

[0060] In this embodiment, the single-pair Ethernet transceiver module 2 has a polarity correction function. At the initial stage of link establishment, the receiver determines the correctness of the current signal polarity by identifying a specific synchronization sequence. If a polarity reversal is detected, the chip automatically performs a logical flip internally, eliminating the need for manual rewiring.

[0061] Polarity is also related to the aforementioned Operating Differential (RDS). By observing the polarity distribution of the signal levels, the receiver can help determine whether there is severe baseline drift or common-mode interference in the link.

[0062] The receiver of a single Ethernet transceiver module 2 must not only identify which of the signals transmitted through the cable is -1, 0, or +1 (modulation signal identification), but also automatically determine and correct the signal polarity reversal caused by reversed cable connection (polarity correction), thereby ensuring the absolute accuracy of data parsing.

[0063] Finally, and crucially, the key to achieving stable long-distance communication lies in the dynamic adjustment and compensation mechanism driven by the control module. In the complex electromagnetic environment of a production workshop, long-distance cables introduce significant return loss and insertion loss. In this embodiment, the control module acquires loss parameters reflecting channel attenuation characteristics in real time through a management interface and maps and compares these loss parameters with a preset linear compensation benchmark. This dynamically adjusts the driving capability of the analog front-end within the physical layer chip and the compensation coefficients of the digital filter to compensate for frequency-dependent losses generated during long-distance transmission.

[0064] More specifically, in long-distance transmission of single-pair Ethernet (10BASE-T1L), the cable acts like a low-pass filter. The longer the distance, the more severe the signal energy attenuation (insertion loss) and reflection interference (return loss) become.

[0065] This loss parameter typically reflects channel quality indicators, which include: Insertion loss quantization value: reflects the degree of amplitude attenuation of a signal after it has traveled a long distance through a cable.

[0066] Return loss quantization value: reflects the signal reflection intensity caused by impedance mismatch.

[0067] Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or mean square error (MSE): reflects the clarity of the signal received.

[0068] In simple terms, this loss parameter reflects the degree to which the current cable is damaging to the signal. The value directly reflects the cable's length and physical condition.

[0069] The loss parameters are not directly measured, but estimated by the digital signal processing (DSP) unit inside the single-pair Ethernet transceiver module (YT8111), including: Adaptive Equalizer Convergence: When the transceiver establishes a connection, the internal adaptive equalizer automatically adjusts its filter coefficients to compensate for cable losses. When the signal reaches its most stable state, these filter coefficients are fixed and mapped to loss parameters in a register.

[0070] Echo Canceller Feedback: The module internally calculates the magnitude of the reflected signal using an echo cancellation algorithm, thereby obtaining the specific value of the return loss.

[0071] Digital domain statistics: After the internal AFE (analog front end) converts the analog signal into a digital signal, the DSP counts the level deviation of the signal.

[0072] Control module 4 (MCU) periodically polls a specific status register within the single-pair Ethernet transceiver module via the MDIO bus. The MCU compares the real-time loss parameters it reads (e.g., the current insertion loss is 30dB) with the pre-stored reference value (the loss curve under ideal conditions) in the register using an algorithm to determine the expected loss difference between the real-time loss parameters and the reference value.

[0073] If the expected loss difference is too large and exceeds the preset upper limit, the MCU will adjust the control register to increase the drive current or pre-emphasis strength of the transmitting end of a single pair of Ethernet transceiver modules, so that the transmitted long-range differential signal has higher energy to offset the expected loss difference and make the loss reach the ideal reference value.

[0074] Simultaneously, the gain and equalization parameters of the receiver are adjusted to enhance the energy of the received signal, thereby compensating for the additional losses in the process of transmitting signals from the production equipment to the central control equipment, and ensuring that the signal can still be correctly restored to binary data at an extreme distance of 1200 meters.

[0075] This closed-loop dynamic adjustment mechanism ensures that even at the end of a 1200-meter cable, the signal received by the production equipment remains within the decodeable energy range and signal-to-noise ratio. Through these technical means, this invention completely solves the 100-meter transmission bottleneck of traditional Ethernet at the physical layer, achieving stable interconnection between central control equipment and remote production equipment without the need for additional intermediate conversion gateways.

[0076] More specifically, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the standard Ethernet transceiver module 1 is connected to the RJ45 interface through the network transformer 5 to achieve compatibility with traditional 10 / 100 / 1000Base-T networks.

[0077] The standard Ethernet differential signal (10 / 100 / 1000Base-T) first enters the circuit through the RJ45 interface, where it undergoes electrical isolation and filtering via network transformer 5. Subsequently, the standard Ethernet differential signal enters a standard Ethernet transceiver module (such as the YT8522), which captures the differential voltage changes through its internal analog front-end (AFE) and uses its physical layer (PHY) processing logic to restore the analog signal to a digital bitstream.

[0078] Inside the module, the conversion process from standard Ethernet differential signals to digital trunk signals involves the following specific steps: Signal compensation and filtering: Compensating for high-frequency losses during twisted-pair transmission.

[0079] Clock recovery and synchronization: Extract clock information from the received differential signal sequence to ensure the accuracy of data sampling.

[0080] Symbol decoding: Decoding IEEE standard-compliant encoding formats (such as MLT-3 encoding of 100Base-TX) into raw binary data.

[0081] The decoded binary data is converted into a specific digital relay signal. In this scheme, this conversion typically uses a standard digital media independent interface, such as RGMII or MII bus.

[0082] The converted signal includes data lines (such as TXD[3:0] or RXD[3:0]), clock lines (TXC / RXC), and control signals (such as TXEN / RXDV), which are directly transmitted at high speed between the two PHY chips (YT8522 and YT8111) through these signal lines.

[0083] To ensure the stability of the conversion process, the control module (MCU) initializes and configures the standard Ethernet module through the MDIO / MDC interface, setting its auto-negotiation rate, full-duplex mode, and operating voltage, thereby ensuring that the differential signal can be correctly identified and converted into a digital format that matches the requirements of subsequent modules.

[0084] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the single-pair Ethernet transceiver module 2 has a built-in cable status detector for diagnosing physical link faults in the connected single-pair twisted-pair transmission medium.

[0085] Specifically, in this embodiment, each Ethernet transceiver module incorporates a Cable Status Detector (CSD) for physical link fault diagnosis. It can automatically detect cable integrity using techniques such as Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) and accurately report the fault type (e.g., open circuit, short circuit) and the distance to the fault. In addition to the CSD, cable and link diagnosis via IEEE test mode and multi-loopback mode can also be pre-configured in this invention.

[0086] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, a signal protection circuit 7 is also provided between the single pair Ethernet transceiver module 2 and the single pair twisted-pair transmission medium 3. The protection circuit includes a DC blocking capacitor 71, a common-mode inductor 72 and an electrostatic protection device 73 connected in series.

[0087] Specifically, in this embodiment, a signal protection circuit consisting of a DC blocking capacitor 71, a common-mode inductor 72, and an electrostatic discharge protection device 73 is deployed between the single pair of Ethernet transceiver modules 2 and the single pair of twisted-pair cables 3.

[0088] Industrial environments often contain strong interference sources such as large motors and frequency converters. Common-mode inductors (CMCs) can effectively suppress common-mode interference noise conducted through cables, ensuring that highly sensitive differential signals are not overwhelmed by noise and maintaining the signal-to-noise ratio for long-distance communication.

[0089] DC blocking capacitors effectively isolate the DC component on the cable or the potential difference between different devices, preventing the DC loop from interfering with or damaging the analog front end of the PHY chip.

[0090] Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection devices are deployed at the front end of the interface to quickly discharge transient high-voltage surges caused by cable plugging and unplugging, induced lightning strikes, or external static electricity, preventing high voltage from damaging the internal expensive semiconductor modules (such as YT8111), thereby extending the service life of the equipment and improving the overall reliability rating.

[0091] This protective architecture, customized for the 10BASE-T1L standard, provides protection while greatly reducing the impact of parasitic capacitance on high-speed differential signals, ensuring that the signal maintains good quality even after transmission over kilometers.

[0092] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the implementation methods and protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should recognize that any equivalent substitutions and obvious changes made using the content of this specification and illustrations should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A single-pair Ethernet transceiver for increasing signal transmission distance, characterized in that, The application relates to a single-pair Ethernet transceiver module, which comprises the following parts: a standard Ethernet interface module, which is configured to connect external standard Ethernet devices through a plurality of twisted-pair interfaces and is used for converting standard Ethernet differential signals on the plurality of twisted pairs into digital relay signals; a single-pair Ethernet transceiver module, which is connected with the standard Ethernet transceiver module back to back through a digital interface and is configured to connect a single-pair twisted-pair transmission medium and is used for realizing bidirectional physical layer protocol conversion between the digital relay signals and long-range differential signals in the single-pair twisted-pair transmission medium; a control module, which accesses a state register in the single-pair Ethernet transceiver module, dynamically adjusts and compensates gain of long-range differential signals to be transmitted according to loss information fed back by the state register, so as to support normal communication on long-distance cables.

2. The single-pair Ethernet transceiver of claim 1, wherein, The single-pair Ethernet transceiver module comprises: a coding and modulation unit, which is used for performing different line coding and waveform modulation processing for a transmission direction and a receiving direction of the long-range differential signals.

3. The single-pair Ethernet transceiver of claim 2, wherein, The coding and modulation unit distinguishes transmission and receiving paths when processing signals and comprises: a signal transmission subunit, which is used for adopting a 4B3T coding algorithm to map and convert four-bit binary codes in the digital relay signals into three three-bit codes of long-range differential signals and drive the long-range differential signals into the single-pair twisted-pair transmission medium, so as to reduce a code element rate when the long-range differential signals are transmitted on the single-pair twisted pair; a signal receiving subunit, which is used for adopting a PAM3 coding scheme to identify and decode three-level pulse amplitude modulation signals and polarities of the long-range differential signals received on a receiving path, and restore the long-range differential signals into the digital relay signals.

4. The single-pair Ethernet transceiver of claim 1, wherein, The control module accesses the state register in the single-pair Ethernet transceiver module through an MDIO / MDC serial interface.

5. The single-pair Ethernet transceiver of claim 1, wherein, The single-pair Ethernet transceiver module is internally provided with a cable state detector, which is used for diagnosing physical link faults of the connected single-pair twisted-pair transmission medium.

6. The single-pair Ethernet transceiver of claim 1, wherein, The standard Ethernet transceiver module is connected to an RJ45 interface through a network transformer, so as to realize compatibility with a traditional 10 / 100 / 1000Base-T network.

7. The single-pair Ethernet transceiver of claim 1, wherein, The single-pair Ethernet transceiver module and the single-pair twisted-pair transmission medium are further provided with a signal protection circuit, and the protection circuit comprises series-connected DC blocking capacitors, common-mode inductors and electrostatic protection devices.

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