Good grass foam fermentation optimization method for intelligent quantitative feeding of black-feather chickens

Abstract

The invention discloses a sheep grass foam fermentation optimization method for intelligent quantitative feeding of black feather chickens, and belongs to the technical field of livestock and poultry feed processing. The method comprises the following steps: sequentially carrying out screening, enzymolysis and sterilization treatment on sheep grass powder, inoculating a compound fermentation strain prepared from lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus subtilis and candida utilis according to a mass ratio of 4: 1: 1, and carrying out sectional anaerobic fermentation to a preset end point; and performing low-temperature drying and crushing on the fermented sheep grass foam, adding an antioxidant and an adsorbent, and performing uniform mixing so as to obtain a fermented sheep grass foam finished product. Through the synergistic effect of enzymolysis and compound fermentation, the degradation rate of crude fibers of leymus chinensis foam is larger than or equal to 30%, the crude protein content is larger than or equal to 12%, the finished product is uniform in particle size, intelligent quantitative feeding equipment for the black-feather chickens is adapted, the digestion and utilization rate of the black-feather chickens to leymus chinensis nutrients is remarkably improved, and meanwhile the shelf life of the finished product is prolonged; and high-quality forage grass support is provided for intelligent and efficient breeding of the black feather chickens.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of livestock and poultry feed processing technology, specifically to an optimized method for fermenting sheepgrass shavings for intelligent quantitative feeding of black-feathered chickens. Background Technology

[0002] Leymus chinensis, a high-quality forage grass belonging to the genus Leymus in the Poaceae family, is known as the "King of Poaceae Forage Grasses" due to its high crude protein content and palatability. It is an important forage resource for livestock and poultry farming, with significant potential for application in black-feathered chicken farming. Black-feathered chickens are a high-quality local poultry breed with strong market demand. However, Leymus chinensis naturally has a high crude fiber content, making it difficult for black-feathered chickens to digest and absorb when directly fed, resulting in low nutrient utilization. Furthermore, current Leymus chinensis processing methods are mostly extensive, failing to meet the demands for improved growth performance and product quality. Meanwhile, while intelligent quantitative feeding equipment is widely used in black-feathered chicken farming, existing processed Leymus chinensis products exhibit uneven particle size, poor flowability, and insufficient adaptability, affecting feeding precision.

[0003] To improve the utilization of sheepgrass, patent application publication number CN111567686A discloses a method for producing sheepgrass nutrient pellets. This method involves fermenting mixed raw materials for 1-1.5 hours followed by pelleting. While this improves storage and transportation performance, it still has significant drawbacks: First, the short-term, simple fermentation without specialized microbial strains results in insufficient degradation of crude fiber and limited nutrient conversion efficiency, failing to suit the digestive characteristics of black-feathered chickens. Second, this method targets fattening sheep and is not optimized for the physiological characteristics of black-feathered chickens; furthermore, the pellet size and hardness of the pelleted product are incompatible with intelligent quantitative feeding equipment for black-feathered chickens. Third, the nutritional fortification is not targeted enough, making it difficult to meet the precise nutritional needs of black-feathered chickens.

[0004] Furthermore, existing sheepgrass fermentation technologies mostly focus on single-strain or simple mixed fermentation, lacking specificity in strain ratios and fermentation parameters. This results in insignificant increases in crude protein, easy oxidation and rancidity of the product, and fails to integrate deep sheepgrass fermentation with the intelligent feeding needs of black-feathered chickens, thus failing to balance nutrient utilization and equipment compatibility. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an optimized sheepgrass fermentation method that adapts to the physiological characteristics of black-feathered chickens and the needs of intelligent quantitative feeding, solving the problems of low nutrient conversion rate and poor compatibility of existing products, and providing technical support for intelligent black-feathered chicken farming. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an optimized method for the fermentation of sheepgrass sludge for intelligent quantitative feeding of black-feathered chickens, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] An optimized method for intelligent quantitative feeding of sheepgrass sludge fermentation in black-feathered chickens includes the following steps:

[0008] S1. The sheepgrass powder is sequentially screened, enzymatically hydrolyzed, and sterilized. After sterilization, it is cooled to the preset temperature.

[0009] S2. Inoculate the cooled sheepgrass powder with a compound fermentation strain, wherein the compound fermentation strain consists of Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis and Candida utilis in a mass ratio of 4:1:1, and the inoculation amount is 5%-8% of the weight of the cooled sheepgrass powder;

[0010] S3. After mixing the inoculated sheepgrass shavings evenly and adjusting the initial fermentation conditions, use a sealed fermentation tank for segmented anaerobic fermentation. Fermentation is completed when the preset endpoint indicators are met.

[0011] S4. After the fermented sheep grass powder is dried and pulverized at low temperature, antioxidants and adsorbents are added and mixed evenly to obtain a finished fermented sheep grass powder product suitable for intelligent quantitative feeding of black-feathered chickens.

[0012] Preferably, the screening is performed using a double-layer vibrating screen to retain sheep grass particles with a particle size of 0.5-2.0 mm.

[0013] Preferably, the enzymatic hydrolysis involves adding a compound cellulase preparation and corn flour to the screened sheepgrass shavings, adjusting the feed-to-water ratio to 1:(1.2-1.5), and then enzymatically hydrolyzing at a constant temperature of 45°C for 3-5 hours.

[0014] Preferably, the sterilization is high-pressure steam sterilization at 121℃ and 0.1MPa for 20-30 minutes, and the preset temperature is 35-40℃.

[0015] Preferably, the compound cellulase preparation is composed of cellulase, hemicellulase and xylanase in a mass ratio of 3:2:1, and the amount added is 0.15%-0.3% of the weight of the screened sheepgrass flakes.

[0016] Preferably, the amount of corn flour added is 0.5%-1.0% of the weight of the screened sheepgrass shavings.

[0017] Preferably, the viable count of the *Lactobacillus plantarum* is ≥10. 10 CFU / mL, viable count of Bacillus subtilis ≥10 9 CFU / mL, viable count of *Candida utilis* ≥10 8 CFU / mL.

[0018] Preferably, the initial fermentation conditions are an initial pH of 5.5-6.0 and an initial moisture content of 55%-60%.

[0019] Preferably, the segmented anaerobic fermentation is carried out at a temperature of 37-39℃ for 0-48h and at a temperature of 32-35℃ for 48-168h.

[0020] Preferably, the preset endpoint indicators are: crude fiber degradation rate ≥30%, crude protein content ≥12%, and viable lactic acid bacteria count ≥10. 9 CFU / g.

[0021] Preferably, the low-temperature drying is performed by drying the fermented sheepgrass powder for 12-16 hours under vacuum conditions of 0.08-0.1 MPa and temperature of -40°C to -30°C, so as to reduce the moisture content of the sheepgrass powder after low-temperature drying to 14%-10%.

[0022] Preferably, the particle size of the pulverized material is 0.3-0.5 mm.

[0023] Preferably, the antioxidant is ascorbic acid and ethoxyquinoline, and the adsorbent is montmorillonite. The amount of ascorbic acid added is 0.2%-0.3% of the weight of the crushed sheepgrass powder, the amount of ethoxyquinoline added is 0.1% of the weight of the crushed sheepgrass powder, and the amount of montmorillonite added is 0.5%-1.0% of the weight of the crushed sheepgrass powder.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] This invention achieves multiple technological advancements through the synergistic effect of enzymatic hydrolysis and a specialized compound fermentation strain, segmented anaerobic fermentation process control, and optimized post-processing of the product: Pretreatment with a compound cellulase preparation composed of cellulase, hemicellulase, and xylanase in a specific mass ratio, combined with a compound fermentation strain formulated with *Lactobacillus plantarum*, *Bacillus subtilis*, and *Candida utilis* in a precise mass ratio, and staged temperature-controlled anaerobic fermentation, significantly improves the degradation rate of crude fiber and crude protein content in sheepgrass shavings, specifically tailored to the physiological digestive characteristics of black-feathered chickens, thus solving the problem of low digestibility and utilization of traditional sheepgrass; low-temperature drying and precise powdering... The crushing process controls the finished product particle size to 0.3-0.5mm, ensuring good product flowability and uniform particle size, perfectly adapting to the intelligent quantitative feeding equipment for black-feathered chickens, and overcoming the shortcomings of insufficient adaptability of existing sheep grass processing products. At the same time, by scientifically adding antioxidants and adsorbents, the oxidative rancidity of fermentation products is effectively inhibited, extending the product's shelf life. Compared with existing simple mixed fermentation technology and sheep grass pellet processing methods adapted to fattening sheep, this invention achieves a comprehensive improvement in nutrient conversion efficiency, adaptability to livestock, compatibility with intelligent equipment, and product stability, providing a more targeted technical solution for intelligent and efficient breeding of black-feathered chickens. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions and advantages in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method steps of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other implementation methods obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0029] Example 1:

[0030] An optimized method for fermenting sheepgrass residue during intelligent quantitative feeding of black-feathered chickens, the specific fermentation steps are as follows:

[0031] (1) Raw material pretreatment: Fresh sheep grass powder was selected and screened with a double-layer vibrating screen to remove impurities, excessively large and excessively small sheep grass powder particles. Compound cellulase preparation and corn flour were added to the screened sheep grass powder. The compound cellulase preparation was composed of cellulase, hemicellulase and xylanase in a mass ratio of 3:2:1 and its addition amount was 0.2% of the weight of the screened sheep grass powder. The corn flour addition amount was 0.8% of the weight of the screened sheep grass powder. Then, the material-to-water ratio was adjusted to 1:1.3 with sterile water. After stirring evenly, it was placed in a constant temperature enzymatic hydrolysis tank and enzymatically hydrolyzed at a constant temperature of 45℃ for 4 hours. After enzymatic hydrolysis, the enzymatically hydrolyzed sheep grass powder was placed in a high pressure steam sterilizer and sterilized at 121℃ and 0.1MPa for 25 minutes. After sterilization, it was quickly cooled to 38℃ for later use.

[0032] (2) Inoculation with microorganisms: Prepare a compound fermentation strain, in which the viable count of Lactobacillus plantarum is 1.2 × 10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / mL, Bacillus subtilis viable count was 1.5 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL, viable count of Candida utilis was 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL, mix evenly at a mass ratio of 4:1:1; inoculate the mixed compound fermentation strain into the cooled sheepgrass powder, the inoculation amount is 5% of the weight of the cooled sheepgrass powder, stir evenly to ensure that the compound fermentation strain and the cooled sheepgrass powder are in full contact.

[0033] (3) Segmented anaerobic fermentation: The inoculated sheepgrass shavings were transferred to a sealed fermentation tank, and the initial pH of the inoculated sheepgrass shavings was adjusted to 5.8 by adding 0.3% citrate buffer or 0.3% calcium carbonate, while controlling its water content to 58%. Then, anaerobic fermentation was carried out by segmented temperature control. The temperature in the fermentation tank was controlled at 38℃ from 0 to 48h, and the temperature was adjusted to 33℃ from 48 to 168h. During the fermentation process, the pH value, crude fiber degradation rate, crude protein content and viable lactic acid bacteria count of the fermentation system were sampled and tested every 24h. When the pH value of the fermentation system was lower than 4.0, 0.1% calcium carbonate was added to adjust the pH value of the fermentation system to 4.5-5.0 to prevent the inhibition of bacterial activity. When the crude fiber degradation rate reached more than 25%, 0.3% glucose was added to promote bacterial protein synthesis. When the viable lactic acid bacteria count was lower than 10, the pH value was adjusted to 4.5-5.0. 8 CFU / g, supplemented with 2% Lactobacillus plantarum culture to ensure probiotic activity in the fermentation product, while simultaneously testing crude protein content. The fermentation process was successful when the initial crude fiber degradation rate reached 30%, the crude protein content reached 12%, and the live lactic acid bacteria count reached 1×10⁻⁶. 9 When CFU / g is reached, fermentation stops, meaning the preset endpoint is met.

[0034] (4) Post-processing and finished product preparation: The fermented sheep grass powder was transferred to a vacuum freeze dryer and dried for 14 hours under a vacuum of 0.09 MPa and a temperature of -35℃ to reduce its moisture content to 12%. Then, the low-temperature dried sheep grass powder was pulverized into sheep grass powder particles with a particle size of 0.4 mm using an ultra-micro pulverizer. Antioxidants and adsorbents were added to the pulverized sheep grass powder, of which 0.2% ascorbic acid was added at 0.25% of the weight of the pulverized sheep grass powder, 0.1% ethoxyquinoline was added at 0.1% of the weight of the pulverized sheep grass powder, and 0.5% montmorillonite was added at 0.8% of the weight of the pulverized sheep grass powder. After stirring evenly, it was packaged to obtain the fermented sheep grass powder product suitable for intelligent quantitative feeding of black-feathered chickens.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] An optimized method for fermenting sheepgrass residue during intelligent quantitative feeding of black-feathered chickens, the specific fermentation steps are as follows:

[0037] (1) Raw material pretreatment: Fresh sheep grass powder as in Example 1 was selected. The fresh sheep grass powder was screened with a double-layer vibrating screen to remove impurities, excessively large and excessively small sheep grass powder particles. Compound cellulase preparation and corn flour were added to the screened sheep grass powder. The compound cellulase preparation was composed of cellulase, hemicellulase and xylanase in a mass ratio of 3:2:1. The amount added was 0.2% of the weight of the screened sheep grass powder. The amount of corn flour added was 0.8% of the weight of the screened sheep grass powder. Then, the material-to-water ratio was adjusted to 1:1.3 with sterile water. After stirring evenly, it was placed in a constant temperature enzymatic hydrolysis tank and enzymatically hydrolyzed at 45℃ for 4 hours. After enzymatic hydrolysis, the enzymatically hydrolyzed sheep grass powder was placed in a high pressure steam sterilizer and sterilized at 121℃ and 0.1MPa for 25 minutes. After sterilization, it was quickly cooled to 38℃ for later use.

[0038] (2) Inoculation with microorganisms: Prepare a compound fermentation strain, in which the viable count of Lactobacillus plantarum is 1.2 × 10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / mL, Bacillus subtilis viable count was 1.5 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL, viable count of Candida utilis was 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL, mix thoroughly at a mass ratio of 4:1:1; inoculate the mixed compound fermentation culture into the cooled sheepgrass powder, the inoculation amount is 6% of the weight of the cooled sheepgrass powder, stir evenly to ensure that the compound fermentation culture and the cooled sheepgrass powder are in full contact.

[0039] (3) Segmented anaerobic fermentation: The inoculated sheepgrass shavings were transferred to a sealed fermentation tank, and the initial pH of the inoculated sheepgrass shavings was adjusted to 5.8 by adding 0.3% citrate buffer or 0.3% calcium carbonate, while controlling its water content to 58%. Then, anaerobic fermentation was carried out by segmented temperature control. The temperature in the fermentation tank was controlled at 38℃ from 0 to 48h, and the temperature was adjusted to 33℃ from 48 to 168h. During the fermentation process, the pH value, crude fiber degradation rate, crude protein content and viable lactic acid bacteria count of the fermentation system were sampled and tested every 24h. When the pH value of the fermentation system was lower than 4.0, 0.1% calcium carbonate was added to adjust the pH value of the fermentation system to 4.5-5.0 to prevent the inhibition of bacterial activity. When the crude fiber degradation rate reached more than 25%, 0.3% glucose was added to promote bacterial protein synthesis. When the viable lactic acid bacteria count was lower than 10, the pH value was adjusted to 4.5-5.0. 8 CFU / g, supplemented with 2% Lactobacillus plantarum culture to ensure probiotic activity in the fermentation product, while simultaneously testing crude protein content. The fermentation process was successful when the initial crude fiber degradation rate reached 30%, the crude protein content reached 12%, and the live lactic acid bacteria count reached 1×10⁻⁶. 9 When CFU / g is reached, fermentation stops, meaning the preset endpoint is met.

[0040] (4) Post-processing and finished product preparation: The fermented sheep grass powder was transferred to a vacuum freeze dryer and dried for 14 hours under a vacuum of 0.09 MPa and a temperature of -35℃ to reduce its moisture content to 12%. Then, the low-temperature dried sheep grass powder was pulverized into sheep grass powder particles with a particle size of 0.4 mm using an ultra-micro pulverizer. Antioxidants and adsorbents were added to the pulverized sheep grass powder, of which 0.2% ascorbic acid was added at 0.25% of the weight of the pulverized sheep grass powder, 0.1% ethoxyquinoline was added at 0.1% of the weight of the pulverized sheep grass powder, and 0.5% montmorillonite was added at 0.8% of the weight of the pulverized sheep grass powder. After stirring evenly, it was packaged to obtain the fermented sheep grass powder product suitable for intelligent quantitative feeding of black-feathered chickens.

[0041] Example 3

[0042] An optimized method for fermenting sheepgrass residue during intelligent quantitative feeding of black-feathered chickens, the specific fermentation steps are as follows:

[0043] (1) Raw material pretreatment: Fresh sheep grass powder as in Example 1 was selected. The fresh sheep grass powder was screened with a double-layer vibrating screen to remove impurities, excessively large and excessively small sheep grass powder particles. Compound cellulase preparation and corn flour were added to the screened sheep grass powder. The compound cellulase preparation was composed of cellulase, hemicellulase and xylanase in a mass ratio of 3:2:1. The amount added was 0.2% of the weight of the screened sheep grass powder. The amount of corn flour added was 0.8% of the weight of the screened sheep grass powder. Then, the material-to-water ratio was adjusted to 1:1.3 with sterile water. After stirring evenly, it was placed in a constant temperature enzymatic hydrolysis tank and enzymatically hydrolyzed at 45℃ for 4 hours. After enzymatic hydrolysis, the enzymatically hydrolyzed sheep grass powder was placed in a high pressure steam sterilizer and sterilized at 121℃ and 0.1MPa for 25 minutes. After sterilization, it was quickly cooled to 38℃ for later use.

[0044] (2) Inoculation with microorganisms: Prepare a compound fermentation strain, in which the viable count of Lactobacillus plantarum is 1.2 × 10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / mL, Bacillus subtilis viable count was 1.5 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL, viable count of Candida utilis was 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL, mix evenly at a mass ratio of 4:1:1; inoculate the mixed compound fermentation strain into the cooled sheepgrass powder, the inoculation amount is 7% of the weight of the cooled sheepgrass powder, stir evenly to ensure that the compound fermentation strain and the cooled sheepgrass powder are in full contact.

[0045] (3) Segmented anaerobic fermentation: The inoculated sheepgrass shavings were transferred to a sealed fermentation tank, and the initial pH of the inoculated sheepgrass shavings was adjusted to 5.8 by adding 0.3% citrate buffer or 0.3% calcium carbonate, while controlling its water content to 58%. Then, anaerobic fermentation was carried out by segmented temperature control. The temperature in the fermentation tank was controlled at 38℃ from 0 to 48h, and the temperature was adjusted to 33℃ from 48 to 168h. During the fermentation process, the pH value, crude fiber degradation rate, crude protein content and viable lactic acid bacteria count of the fermentation system were sampled and tested every 24h. When the pH value of the fermentation system was lower than 4.0, 0.1% calcium carbonate was added to adjust the pH value of the fermentation system to 4.5-5.0 to prevent the inhibition of bacterial activity. When the crude fiber degradation rate reached more than 25%, 0.3% glucose was added to promote bacterial protein synthesis. When the viable lactic acid bacteria count was lower than 10, the pH value was adjusted to 4.5-5.0. 8 CFU / g, supplemented with 2% Lactobacillus plantarum culture to ensure probiotic activity in the fermentation product, while simultaneously testing crude protein content. The fermentation process was successful when the initial crude fiber degradation rate reached 30%, the crude protein content reached 12%, and the live lactic acid bacteria count reached 1×10⁻⁶. 9 When CFU / g is reached, fermentation stops, meaning the preset endpoint is met.

[0046] (4) Post-processing and finished product preparation: The fermented sheep grass powder was transferred to a vacuum freeze dryer and dried for 14 hours under a vacuum of 0.09 MPa and a temperature of -35℃ to reduce its moisture content to 12%. Then, the low-temperature dried sheep grass powder was pulverized into sheep grass powder particles with a particle size of 0.4 mm using an ultra-micro pulverizer. Antioxidants and adsorbents were added to the pulverized sheep grass powder, of which 0.2% ascorbic acid was added at 0.25% of the weight of the pulverized sheep grass powder, 0.1% ethoxyquinoline was added at 0.1% of the weight of the pulverized sheep grass powder, and 0.5% montmorillonite was added at 0.8% of the weight of the pulverized sheep grass powder. After stirring evenly, it was packaged to obtain the fermented sheep grass powder product suitable for intelligent quantitative feeding of black-feathered chickens.

[0047] Example 4

[0048] An optimized method for fermenting sheepgrass residue during intelligent quantitative feeding of black-feathered chickens, the specific fermentation steps are as follows:

[0049] (1) Raw material pretreatment: Fresh sheep grass powder as in Example 1 was selected. The fresh sheep grass powder was screened with a double-layer vibrating screen to remove impurities, excessively large and excessively small sheep grass powder particles. Compound cellulase preparation and corn flour were added to the screened sheep grass powder. The compound cellulase preparation was composed of cellulase, hemicellulase and xylanase in a mass ratio of 3:2:1. The amount added was 0.2% of the weight of the screened sheep grass powder. The amount of corn flour added was 0.8% of the weight of the screened sheep grass powder. Then, the material-to-water ratio was adjusted to 1:1.3 with sterile water. After stirring evenly, it was placed in a constant temperature enzymatic hydrolysis tank and enzymatically hydrolyzed at 45℃ for 4 hours. After enzymatic hydrolysis, the enzymatically hydrolyzed sheep grass powder was placed in a high pressure steam sterilizer and sterilized at 121℃ and 0.1MPa for 25 minutes. After sterilization, it was quickly cooled to 38℃ for later use.

[0050] (2) Inoculation with microorganisms: Prepare a compound fermentation strain, in which the viable count of Lactobacillus plantarum is 1.2 × 10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / mL, Bacillus subtilis viable count was 1.5 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL, viable count of Candida utilis was 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL, mix evenly at a mass ratio of 4:1:1; inoculate the mixed compound fermentation strain into the cooled sheepgrass powder, the inoculation amount is 8% of the weight of the cooled sheepgrass powder, stir evenly to ensure that the compound fermentation strain and the cooled sheepgrass powder are in full contact.

[0051] (3) Segmented anaerobic fermentation: The inoculated sheepgrass shavings were transferred to a sealed fermentation tank, and the initial pH of the inoculated sheepgrass shavings was adjusted to 5.8 by adding 0.3% citrate buffer or 0.3% calcium carbonate, while controlling its water content to 58%. Then, anaerobic fermentation was carried out by segmented temperature control. The temperature in the fermentation tank was controlled at 38℃ from 0 to 48h, and the temperature was adjusted to 33℃ from 48 to 168h. During the fermentation process, the pH value, crude fiber degradation rate, crude protein content and viable lactic acid bacteria count of the fermentation system were sampled and tested every 24h. When the pH value of the fermentation system was lower than 4.0, 0.1% calcium carbonate was added to adjust the pH value of the fermentation system to 4.5-5.0 to prevent the inhibition of bacterial activity. When the crude fiber degradation rate reached more than 25%, 0.3% glucose was added to promote bacterial protein synthesis. When the viable lactic acid bacteria count was lower than 10, the pH value was adjusted to 4.5-5.0. 8 CFU / g, supplemented with 2% Lactobacillus plantarum culture to ensure probiotic activity in the fermentation product, while simultaneously testing crude protein content. The fermentation process was successful when the initial crude fiber degradation rate reached 30%, the crude protein content reached 12%, and the live lactic acid bacteria count reached 1×10⁻⁶. 9 When CFU / g is reached, fermentation stops, meaning the preset endpoint is met.

[0052] (4) Post-processing and finished product preparation: The fermented sheep grass powder was transferred to a vacuum freeze dryer and dried for 14 hours under a vacuum of 0.09 MPa and a temperature of -35℃ to reduce its moisture content to 12%. Then, the low-temperature dried sheep grass powder was pulverized into sheep grass powder particles with a particle size of 0.4 mm using an ultra-micro pulverizer. Antioxidants and adsorbents were added to the pulverized sheep grass powder, of which 0.2% ascorbic acid was added at 0.25% of the weight of the pulverized sheep grass powder, 0.1% ethoxyquinoline was added at 0.1% of the weight of the pulverized sheep grass powder, and 0.5% montmorillonite was added at 0.8% of the weight of the pulverized sheep grass powder. After stirring evenly, it was packaged to obtain the fermented sheep grass powder product suitable for intelligent quantitative feeding of black-feathered chickens.

[0053] Comparative Example

[0054] Fresh sheepgrass shavings, similar to those in Example 1, were selected and processed according to the sheepgrass nutrient pellet production method disclosed in patent CN111567686A: after harvesting and drying, the sheepgrass was shredded and mixed with cornmeal, soybean meal, 5% compound premixed feed for fattening sheep (SH512), wheat bran, and edible salt in a mass ratio of 59.2:10:5:20:5:0.8. 2 catties of soybean oil was added for every 100 catties of the mixture. After fermentation for 1 hour, the mixture was pelletized at 93℃ and 900 rpm to obtain sheepgrass nutrient pellets. The sheepgrass nutrient pellets were then pulverized to a particle size of 0.4 mm using an ultra-micro pulverizer and packaged for later use.

[0055] The component proportions of the finished products obtained in Examples 1-4 and the comparative examples were tested using the following methods: crude fiber content was determined by the Van Soest method, crude protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method, viable lactic acid bacteria count was determined by the MRS plate count method, particle size was determined by a laser particle size analyzer, moisture content was determined by the drying weight loss method, and shelf life was determined by observing the mold growth time during room temperature sealed storage. The optimization effect of the fermentation process on the nutritional components and product characteristics of sheepgrass powder in each implementation method can be directly observed. The test results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0056] Table 1:

[0057] detection indicators Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Comparative Example Crude fiber degradation rate (%) 30.5 32.3 33.8 34.2 12.0 Crude protein content (%, oven-dried) 12.1 12.8 13.5 13.6 9.8 Live lactic acid bacteria count (CFU / g) <![CDATA[1.0×10 9 ]]> <![CDATA[1.2×10 9 ]]> <![CDATA[1.5×10 9 ]]> <![CDATA[1.6×10 9 ]]> <![CDATA[2.3×10 7 ]]> Particle size (mm) 0.40±0.03 0.40±0.02 0.39±0.03 0.38±0.02 0.40±0.08 Moisture content (%) 12.0 11.8 11.5 11.3 13.5 Shelf life at room temperature (days) 180 185 190 192 90

[0058] As shown in Table 1 above, the finished products of Examples 1-4 all meet the preset indicators (crude fiber degradation rate ≥30%, crude protein content ≥12%, and viable lactic acid bacteria count ≥10). 9The crude fiber degradation rate, crude protein content, and viable lactic acid bacteria count gradually increased as the inoculation amount of the compound fermentation strain increased from 5% to 8%. The particle size uniformity and moisture content control were better than those of the comparative example. The shelf life at room temperature was more than twice that of the comparative example, demonstrating the technical advantages of the enzymatic hydrolysis-compound fermentation synergistic process and the addition of antioxidants in this invention. In contrast, the comparative example did not use a dedicated compound fermentation strain and a segmented fermentation process, resulting in insufficient crude fiber degradation, extremely low probiotic content, and easy oxidation and deterioration, leading to poor product stability.

[0059] The finished products obtained in Examples 1-4 and the comparative example were used in a feeding experiment for black-feathered chickens. The experimental design was as follows: 300 healthy black-feathered chicken chicks aged 1 day were randomly divided into 5 groups (60 chicks in each group, 3 replicates), namely the Example 1 group, Example 2 group, Example 3 group, Example 4 group and the comparative example group. All groups used the same intelligent quantitative feeding equipment and breeding environment. 15% of the corresponding finished product was added to the basal diet. The feeding period was 42 days. The average daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio and crude fiber digestibility were tested. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0060] Table 2:

[0061] Aquaculture indicators Example 1 Group Example 2 group Example 3 Group Example 4 group Comparative group Average daily weight gain (g / d) 32.5 33.8 35.2 35.5 28.3 Feed conversion ratio (FCR) 2.15 2.10 2.03 2.02 2.48 Digestibility and absorption rate of crude fiber (%) 68.2 70.5 73.1 73.5 52.6

[0062] As shown in Table 2 above, the average daily weight gain of black-feathered chickens in Examples 1-4 increased by 14.8%-25.4% compared to the control group, the feed conversion ratio decreased by 13.7%-18.6%, and the crude fiber digestibility increased by 29.7%-40.1%, significantly better than the control group. Among them, Examples 3 and 4 showed the best breeding effects, but the improvement of Example 4 compared to Example 3 was no longer significant. Considering the overall cost, an inoculation amount of 7% is the optimal choice. The experimental results confirm that the finished product of this invention not only has high nutrient conversion efficiency but also uniform particle size, making it suitable for intelligent quantitative feeding equipment for black-feathered chickens and effectively improving breeding efficiency.

[0063] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them; modifications to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions of some of the technical features, do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An optimized method for the fermentation of sheepgrass residue in intelligent quantitative feeding of black-feathered chickens, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The sheepgrass powder is sequentially screened, enzymatically hydrolyzed, and sterilized. After sterilization, it is cooled to the preset temperature. S2. Inoculate the cooled sheepgrass powder with a compound fermentation strain, wherein the compound fermentation strain consists of Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis and Candida utilis in a mass ratio of 4:1:1, and the inoculation amount is 5%-8% of the weight of the cooled sheepgrass powder; S3. After mixing the inoculated sheepgrass shavings evenly and adjusting the initial fermentation conditions, use a sealed fermentation tank for segmented anaerobic fermentation. Fermentation is completed when the preset endpoint indicators are met. S4. After the fermented sheep grass powder is dried and pulverized at low temperature, antioxidants and adsorbents are added and mixed evenly to obtain a finished fermented sheep grass powder product suitable for intelligent quantitative feeding of black-feathered chickens.

2. The optimized method for intelligent quantitative feeding of sheepgrass residue to black-feathered chickens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The screening process involves using a double-layer vibrating screen to retain grass flakes with a particle size of 0.5-2.0 mm. The enzymatic hydrolysis involves adding a compound cellulase preparation and corn flour to the screened grass flakes and adjusting the material-to-water ratio to 1:(1.2-1.5), followed by enzymatic hydrolysis at a constant temperature of 45℃ for 3-5 hours. The sterilization process involves high-pressure steam sterilization at 121℃ and 0.1MPa for 20-30 minutes, with the preset temperature being 35-40℃.

3. The optimized method for intelligent quantitative feeding of sheepgrass residue to black-feathered chickens according to claim 2, characterized in that, The compound cellulase preparation is composed of cellulase, hemicellulase and xylanase in a mass ratio of 3:2:1, and the amount added is 0.15%-0.3% of the weight of the screened sheepgrass powder; the amount of corn flour added is 0.5%-1.0% of the weight of the screened sheepgrass powder.

4. The optimized method for intelligent quantitative feeding of sheepgrass residue to black-feathered chickens according to claim 3, characterized in that, The viable count of *Lactobacillus plantarum* is ≥10. 10 CFU / mL, viable count of Bacillus subtilis ≥10 9 CFU / mL, viable count of *Candida utilis* ≥10 8 CFU / mL.

5. The optimized method for intelligent quantitative feeding of sheepgrass residue to black-feathered chickens according to claim 4, characterized in that, The initial fermentation conditions are an initial pH of 5.5-6.0 and an initial moisture content of 55%-60%; the segmented anaerobic fermentation is carried out at a controlled temperature of 37-39℃ for 0-48h and 32-35℃ for 48-168h; the preset endpoint indicators are a crude fiber degradation rate ≥30%, a crude protein content ≥12%, and a live lactic acid bacteria count ≥10. 9 CFU / g.

6. The optimized method for intelligent quantitative feeding of sheepgrass residue to black-feathered chickens according to claim 5, characterized in that, The low-temperature drying is the drying of fermented sheepgrass powder for 12-16 hours under vacuum of 0.08-0.1 MPa and temperature of -40℃ to -30℃; the particle size of the pulverized material is 0.3-0.5 mm.

7. The optimized method for intelligent quantitative feeding of sheepgrass residue to black-feathered chickens according to claim 6, characterized in that, The antioxidants are ascorbic acid and ethoxyquinoline, and the adsorbent is montmorillonite. The amount of ascorbic acid added is 0.2%-0.3% of the weight of the crushed sheepgrass powder, the amount of ethoxyquinoline added is 0.1% of the weight of the crushed sheepgrass powder, and the amount of montmorillonite added is 0.5%-1.0% of the weight of the crushed sheepgrass powder.

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