Escapement type slow descending backpack

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of descent control devices, provides an escapement type descent control backpack, and solves the problems that a rope body is abraded and the descent speed is limited by weight due to the fact that a body of an existing descent control device is separated from a person. The backpack comprises a descent control device body and a hook; the body is arranged in the bag, and the hook is arranged outside and fixedly connected with a slow descending rope extending out of the body. An isolation plate is arranged in the body to divide the cavity into two parts, wherein one part contains a slow descending rope, a wire spool, a wire outlet disc, a driving ratchet wheel assembly, a compound gear and a transmission gear; the other one accommodates a driving disc mechanism, a two-connecting-rod braking mechanism and a limiting gear assembly, and line pressing wheel mechanisms are arranged on the two sides of the line outlet disc. The driving ratchet wheel and the compound gear form one-way transmission; the transmission gear drives the driving disc to rotate; an escapement buckle of the two-connecting-rod brake mechanism reciprocates to be intermittently clamped into the limiting gear assembly, and the rotating speed of the wire coil is precisely limited. The rope body is free of building friction and abrasion, the descending speed and the body weight are completely decoupled, the safety coefficient is high, operation is convenient and fast, and the device is suitable for escape in sudden disasters of high-rise buildings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of descent control technology, and particularly to an escapement-type descent backpack. Background Technology

[0002] In the event of sudden disasters such as fires or earthquakes in high-rise buildings, descent devices are core equipment for emergency escape for people on high floors. Their structural design and speed control logic directly determine the safety of the escape. Currently, most descent devices on the market adopt a separate structure of "fixed body + wearable connection": that is, the descent device body needs to be pre-fixed to the wall (such as above the window or on the wall bracket), and after the person wears a special safety belt or hanging device, it is connected to the descent rope led out from the body through the hook, thereby realizing the descent escape.

[0003] This traditional structure has significant drawbacks:

[0004] On the one hand, the risk of friction between the rope and the building structure is high, resulting in a low safety factor. Because the rope is fixed to the wall, it will inevitably experience continuous sliding friction with window edges and wall surfaces (especially sharp structures such as broken concrete and metal window frames that may be present during a fire). Long-term or high-intensity friction can lead to rope fiber wear and strength reduction, and in extreme cases, even rope breakage. Simultaneously, the heat generated by friction may accelerate rope aging, further amplifying escape hazards and severely reducing the safety factor of the device. Furthermore, the rope's fixed position against the wall and its exposed connection structure also negatively impact the building's appearance, lacking aesthetic appeal for daily use.

[0005] On the other hand, the descent speed is limited by the user's weight, resulting in poor stability. Existing descent devices (regardless of the speed control method used, such as centrifugal friction or fluid damping) generate damping force indirectly related to the user's weight: lighter users (such as children and the elderly) are prone to weak damping due to insufficient pulling force, causing the descent speed to exceed the safety threshold (usually exceeding 1.5 m / s); heavier users are prone to excessive damping due to excessive pulling force, resulting in descent jamming or even mechanism jamming, which affects escape efficiency and increases the risk of hovering.

[0006] Although some technologies have attempted to combine descent devices with carriers such as harnesses and backpacks, which have improved portability to some extent, they have not yet overcome the aforementioned core defects—either the friction problem between the rope and the building structure has not been completely solved, or the traditional speed control logic has been used, failing to decouple the descent speed from the user's weight. The potential risks of light users going too fast and heavy users getting stuck still exist.

[0007] In summary, most existing descent devices suffer from two major problems: "low safety factor due to rope friction" and "descent speed limited by weight," making it difficult to meet the requirements of "safety, reliability, universality, and stability" in high-rise building disaster escapes. Therefore, developing a descent device that avoids rope friction with the building structure and whose descent speed is not affected by the user's weight has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0008] Based on the numerous problems existing in the above-mentioned existing descent devices, the technical objective of this invention is to propose an escapement-type descent backpack that can achieve reliable forced braking across the entire speed range, prevent friction and wear on building structures such as windows and walls during rope descent, facilitate convenient and quick operation, and be suitable for users of different weights, ensuring safe and stable descent escape even in extreme scenarios such as fires.

[0009] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0010] An escapement-type descent backpack includes a backpack, a descent device body, and a hook; characterized in that the descent device body is placed inside the backpack; the hook is placed outside the backpack and is fixedly connected to a descent rope extending from the descent device body.

[0011] The descent body includes an outer shell with a longitudinally arranged partition plate inside, dividing the inner cavity into an independent transmission cavity and a braking cavity; the transmission cavity is equipped with a descent rope, a winding reel, a guide wheel, a cable exit reel, an active ratchet assembly, a compound gear, and a transmission gear; the braking cavity is equipped with a drive disc, a two-bar braking mechanism, and a limiting gear.

[0012] The winding reel is fixed to the winding reel shaft by a key connection and can rotate synchronously with the shaft; the winding reel shaft passes through the isolation plate, and its two ends are assembled to the outer shell by bearings and can rotate freely.

[0013] The lead-out reel is located above the winding reel and is fixed to the lead-out reel shaft by a key connection, and can rotate synchronously with the shaft; the lead-out reel shaft passes through the isolation plate, and its two ends are assembled to the outer shell by bearings, and can rotate freely;

[0014] Several guide wheels are provided, all positioned above the winding reel and on one side of the outlet reel, for guiding the descent rope to the top of the outlet reel;

[0015] The descent rope is wound and stored on the winding reel, with its front end passing over the guide wheel to the upper side of the outlet reel, then passing down over the outlet reel, and then going up from the other side of its top to the outside of the housing, where it is then fixedly connected to the hook.

[0016] The composite gear has external meshing teeth on its outer edge and internal tooth grooves distributed circumferentially inside. It is mounted on the output disc shaft by bearings and can rotate freely relative to its shaft.

[0017] The active ratchet assembly is fixedly mounted on the output disc shaft and can rotate synchronously with it. Its outer edge is evenly arranged with retractable pawls. The pawls are engaged in the inner tooth groove of the compound gear. The two are adapted to each other to form a ratchet mechanism to realize the unidirectional transmission function.

[0018] The transmission gear is located below the compound gear and meshes with its external meshing teeth; the transmission gear is fixedly mounted on the transmission gear shaft by a key connection and rotates synchronously therewith; one end of the transmission gear shaft is mounted on the housing by a bearing, and the other end passes through the isolation plate and is fixedly connected to the drive disk, causing it to rotate synchronously.

[0019] The two-bar linkage braking mechanism includes a first drive rod and a second drive rod; one end of the first drive rod is connected to the eccentric position shaft of the drive disc and can rotate freely around the shaft, and the other end is connected to one end of the second drive rod, and both can rotate freely around the shaft; the other end of the second drive rod is mounted on the isolation plate through a shaft and can rotate freely around the shaft, and its end extends to one side with an escapement-type latch, which can intermittently engage with the tooth groove of the limiting gear as the two-bar linkage reciprocates; the limiting gear is fixedly mounted on the cable outlet disc shaft and rotates synchronously with it;

[0020] In a further optimized technical solution, two pressure roller mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the cable outlet reel. The two pressure roller mechanisms enclose the cable outlet reel and press the descent rope into the cable outlet reel.

[0021] A further preferred technical solution is that the pressure wheel mechanism includes an arc-shaped wheel frame and three pressure wheels; the top and bottom of the arc-shaped wheel frame are respectively fixed to the isolation plate by bolts, and the three pressure wheels are all assembled in the arc-shaped wheel frame through a rotating shaft, distributed along the circumference of the wire outlet disc, and the wheel body of each pressure wheel corresponds to and cooperates with the outer circumference of the wire outlet disc, and can rotate freely.

[0022] A further preferred technical solution is that the active ratchet assembly includes a ratchet disc, a pawl, and a return spring; the ratchet disc is circumferentially provided with a plurality of pawl mounting holes, the return spring is placed in the pawl mounting holes, and the tail of the pawl is inserted into the pawl mounting holes to press down the return spring.

[0023] Further optimization of the technical solution: the backpack adopts a double-shoulder structure, uses flame-retardant Oxford cloth, and has an internal aluminum alloy rigid load-bearing frame.

[0024] A further preferred technical solution is that the outer shell includes a shell and a cover, which are fastened together. The cover is provided with several connecting feet with screw holes. A screw passes through the screw hole and is fixed to the four perimeter of the shell to achieve the connection between the two.

[0025] Further optimizing the technical solution, the cover is provided with a winding reel shaft mounting hole, a cable outlet reel shaft mounting hole and a transmission gear shaft mounting hole, and is equipped with 3 corresponding shaft end caps; the housing is provided with corresponding winding reel shaft mounting holes and cable outlet reel shaft mounting holes, and is equipped with 2 shaft end caps, the corresponding shafts are installed through each mounting hole, and the shafts are fixed by the shaft end caps.

[0026] In a further preferred technical solution, the guide wheel is assembled inside the guide wheel frame, and the guide wheel frame is fixed to the isolation plate by bolts.

[0027] Further optimizing the technical solution, the descent rope has an inner core-outer sheath composite structure, comprising an inner core layer, a buffer layer, and an outer sheath layer from the inside out; the inner core layer is made of multiple strands of high-strength polyester filaments or aramid filaments twisted together, the buffer layer is made of low-elasticity polyester staple fibers wound around the outside of the inner core layer, and the outer sheath layer is made of multiple strands of wear-resistant nylon 66 or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene tightly woven together; the descent rope has a diameter of 8-10 mm and a breaking strength ≥20 kN.

[0028] Further optimization of the technical solution involves adopting a self-locking hook.

[0029] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0030] This invention addresses the core problems of existing descent devices in the background art, such as "high risk of rope friction, speed limited by weight, cumbersome operation, and poor environmental adaptability," through a collaborative design of "backpack integrated descent device body + escapement-type mechanical speed limiter + composite structure descent rope." Each technical advantage is realized based on specific technical features, as follows:

[0031] 1. The rope has no friction with the building, greatly improving the safety of escape.

[0032] This invention eliminates the potential for friction between the rope and the building structure at its source through two key technical features:

[0033] 1. Integrated Backpack Load-Bearing and Rope Path Limitation: The backpack has a rigid load-bearing frame inside, with the descent device fixed within the frame. The bottom of the backpack has a pre-set rope outlet hole and a metal guide ring embedded in the edge. After the descent rope is led out from the descent device, it is guided only through the internal guide wheel and the metal guide ring, without contacting window edges, wall surfaces, or other building structures throughout the process. This completely avoids the risk of wear and breakage caused by "friction between the rope and sharp components such as broken concrete and metal window frames" in the background technology. At the same time, the backpack uses flame-retardant and wear-resistant fabric, which can isolate the rope from the burning of high-temperature walls in a fire scenario, further protecting the integrity of the rope.

[0034] 2. Abrasion-resistant design of composite descent rope: The descent rope adopts a composite structure of "inner core-buffer layer-outer sheath". The inner core layer is made of multiple strands of high-strength polyester filaments or aramid filaments twisted together, and the outer sheath layer is made of multiple strands of wear-resistant nylon 66 or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene tightly woven. Even if the rope accidentally comes into contact with building components in an emergency, the high abrasion resistance of the outer sheath can control the wear rate of a single friction to within 0.3%, avoiding direct damage to the rope fibers. The low-elasticity polyester staple fiber of the buffer layer can also absorb the instantaneous tension fluctuations generated by friction, preventing the inner core from breaking due to local overload.

[0035] The combined effect of these features enables the rope of the present invention to maintain a strength retention rate of ≥98% after multiple escape uses, with the risk of breakage approaching zero, significantly improving the safety of the escape process.

[0036] II. The rate of descent is completely decoupled from body weight, enabling stable and gradual weight loss across the entire population.

[0037] This invention overcomes the deficiency of "speed being limited by body weight" in the background technology through the precise design of the "escapement-type mechanical speed limiting mechanism". The core technical features and effects are as follows:

[0038] 1. Coordinated speed limiting of gear transmission and two-bar braking: In the transmission chamber of the descent device body, the cable outlet disc is coaxially fixed with the driving gear. The driving gear and the driven gear mesh with a fixed gear ratio. The driven gear is coaxially connected with the drive disc in the braking chamber. When the user pulls the rope to rotate the cable outlet disc, the power is transmitted through the "driving gear → driven gear → drive disc" according to a fixed transmission ratio. The eccentric shaft of the drive disc drives the two-bar braking mechanism to reciprocate. The frequency of motion is determined only by the gear transmission ratio and the eccentricity of the drive disc, and is unrelated to the user's weight.

[0039] 2. Forced speed limiting by escapement buckle and limiting gear: The end of the second link of the two-link braking mechanism is equipped with an escapement buckle, and the limiting gear is fixed coaxially with the cable reel. When the buckle reciprocates with the two-link, it will intermittently engage with the tooth groove of the limiting gear. Each engagement creates a fixed speed limit on the limiting gear (and the coaxial cable reel), ultimately stabilizing the descent speed of the rope within the optimal safe range of 0.6-0.8 m / s.

[0040] Whether the user is a child weighing 30kg or a heavy adult weighing 120kg, the above-mentioned mechanical structure can forcibly limit the descent speed by fixing the transmission ratio and the buckle engagement frequency, which completely solves the universality problem of "light users exceeding the speed limit and heavy users getting stuck and hovering" in the background technology, and adapts to the usage needs of all age groups and all weight ranges.

[0041] III. Convenient and efficient operation, suitable for emergency escape scenarios

[0042] This invention incorporates several user-friendly structural features designed around the concept of "rapid activation in emergency scenarios," addressing the shortcomings of the prior art, such as "cumbersome operation and excessive time consumption."

[0043] 1. Quick-wearing design integrated into the backpack: The backpack adopts a double-shoulder structure with quick-adjusting buckles on the shoulder straps and an elastic waistband—users can put on the backpack in just 10-15 seconds without complicated assembly; the top of the backpack has a hook storage bag with a self-locking design, which can be directly attached to window anchor rings or escape anchor points after being removed. The attachment operation time is ≤10 seconds, and the total preparation time is ≤30 seconds, which is far less than the more than 3 minutes of operation time required by the background technology of "needing to pierce, wrap around, and lock", meeting the needs of the "30-second golden time" for fire escape.

[0044] 2. Automated rope storage and delivery: The surface of the winding reel inside the descent device is equipped with a spiral cable tray, which can store the descent rope in an orderly manner and avoid tangling and knotting. When the rope is delivered, it is automatically guided by the guide wheel and the pressure wheel mechanism (two sets of pressure wheels symmetrically press the delivery reel) automatically prevents slippage. Users do not need to manually arrange the rope. They only need to pull the hook to start the descent, further simplifying the operation process.

[0045] IV. Reliable and durable structure, reducing maintenance costs

[0046] This invention employs a purely mechanical rigid structure and highly durable materials to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, namely, "many vulnerable parts and frequent maintenance."

[0047] 1. Mechanical speed limiting mechanism without vulnerable parts: The escapement speed limiting mechanism is composed of metal parts such as gears, connecting rods, buckles, and limit gears (all made of 45 steel or stainless steel, with surface hardening treatment and a hardness ≥ HRC40). It has no vulnerable parts such as the "friction block" of centrifugal friction type or the "sealing ring and oil" of fluid damping type. After 100 repeated escape tests, the attenuation of gear meshing clearance and buckle engagement accuracy is ≤3%, and it can still maintain a stable speed limiting effect. The service life of the equipment can reach more than 5 years without frequent replacement of vulnerable parts.

[0048] 2. Long lifespan design of the descent rope: The outer sheath of the composite structure descent rope is wear-resistant, and the inner core is fatigue-resistant. The wear rate after a single escape is ≤0.3%, and the effective number of uses can reach more than 15 times (in the background technology, the effective number of uses of traditional ropes is only 1-2 times). At the same time, the metal guide ring of the backpack and the groove of the guide wheel are smoothed (surface roughness Ra≤0.8μm), which further reduces the contact wear between the rope and mechanical parts, extends the rope replacement cycle, and reduces long-term maintenance costs.

[0049] V. Highly adaptable to environmental conditions and suitable for extreme escape scenarios.

[0050] This invention addresses the shortcomings of the prior art, namely "high-temperature failure and low-temperature jamming," through dual optimization of structure and materials.

[0051] 1. Stability under high temperature conditions: The outer shell of the descent device is made of flame-retardant ABS material (temperature resistance range -30℃ to 80℃), and the internal metal parts such as gears and linkages have excellent high temperature resistance; the backpack fabric is flame-retardant Oxford cloth (limiting oxygen index ≥32%, in compliance with GB / T5455-2014 flame retardant standard) - after being placed in a 60℃ high temperature environment (simulating fire high temperature) for 2 hours, the descent speed fluctuates only ±0.06m / s, with no deformation or functional failure of any parts.

[0052] 2. Reliability in low-temperature scenarios: The outer sheath material of the descent rope (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene) can still maintain flexibility at -30℃ and there is no risk of hardening and cracking; the connection between the gear and the shaft adopts a self-lubricating bearing, which does not jam at low temperatures. In a low-temperature environment of -30℃, the descent speed deviation is ≤±0.05m / s, and it can still work normally, which is suitable for the escape needs of extreme low-temperature areas such as northern winters. Attached Figure Description

[0053] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the descent device body and the hook.

[0055] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the decelerator body.

[0056] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the transmission cavity.

[0057] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the brake chamber.

[0058] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the winding structure of the descent rope (from the perspective of the braking chamber).

[0059] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the compound gear and the transmission gear.

[0060] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a ratchet mechanism.

[0061] In the diagram: 1-Backpack, 2-Descent device body, 3-Hook; 4-Outer shell, 5-Isolation plate, 6-Winding reel, 7-Guide wheel, 8-Outlet reel, 9-Pressure wheel mechanism, 10-Active ratchet assembly, 11-Compound gear, 12-Transmission gear, 13-Drive disc, 14-Two-bar braking mechanism, 15-Limit gear, 16-Descent rope, 41-Shell, 42-Shell cover, 43-Shaft end cap, 71-Guide wheel frame, 91-Arc-shaped wheel frame, 92-Pressure wheel, 111-External meshing tooth, 112-Internal tooth groove, 141-First drive rod, 142-Second drive rod, 143-Escapement buckle. Detailed Implementation

[0062] The invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0063] I. Overall Configuration of the Implementation Example

[0064] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, this embodiment provides an escapement backpack suitable for escape scenarios in high-rise buildings of 10-30 stories. Its core specifications are as follows:

[0065] Backpack 1: It adopts a double-shoulder structure with dimensions of 450mm (height) × 300mm (width) × 150mm (thickness). The fabric is flame-retardant Oxford cloth (limiting oxygen index ≥32%), and the interior is equipped with a 1.5mm thick aluminum alloy rigid load-bearing frame.

[0066] Descending device body 2: Overall weight ≤3.5kg, adapted to a maximum load capacity of 150kg, and core components are assembled according to the specifications defined in the technical plan;

[0067] Descent rope 16: 9mm in diameter, 22kN breaking strength, 50m maximum single descent height, and a structure that strictly matches the "inner core-outer sheath composite structure".

[0068] Hook 3: made of alloy steel (Cr13 stainless steel), self-locking structure, rated load capacity of 200kg, and fixedly connected to the end of the descent rope 16 extending out of the backpack.

[0069] II. Structure and Connection Relationships of Each Component

[0070] (a) Backpack

[0071] Backpack 1 is a double-shoulder bag structure, specifically designed to accommodate the layout requirement of "the descent device 2 being placed inside backpack 1":

[0072] Backpack 1 has a welded aluminum alloy rigid load-bearing frame on the inside, and the descent device body 2 is fixed to the frame with 4 M5 bolts to ensure the stability of the descent device body when carried.

[0073] Backpack 1 has a rope outlet hole (12mm in diameter) at the bottom, with a brass guide ring inlaid on the edge of the hole for the descent rope to pass through; a hook storage bag is provided on the top outer side of backpack 1 for storing hooks and preventing them from snagging foreign objects when not in use.

[0074] The shoulder straps feature nylon quick-adjustable buckles, and the waistband has an elastic strap (with Velcro) to quickly adapt to users of different body types, ensuring that the braking chamber of the descent device (closest to the body) fits snugly against the back when carried, thus improving braking stability.

[0075] (II) Descending Device Body

[0076] The descent device body 2 includes a housing 4, an isolation plate 5, a winding reel 6, a guide wheel 7, a cable outlet reel 8, a cable pressing wheel mechanism 9, an active ratchet assembly 10, a compound gear 11, a transmission gear 12, a drive disc 13, a two-bar braking mechanism 14, a limit gear 15, and a descent rope 16. The connection relationship of each component strictly follows the technical plan, and the cavity layout is such that "the braking cavity is close to the human body, and the transmission cavity is far away from the human body," as detailed below:

[0077] 1. Outer casing and isolation plate (e.g.) Figure 1 , 2 (As shown in Figure 3)

[0078] Outer shell 4: It is a rounded rectangular body, including shell 41 and shell cover 42, both of which are made of flame-retardant ABS material (temperature resistance range -30℃ to 80℃); the shell cover 42 has 4 connecting feet with Φ5mm screw holes on its four perimeters, which are fixed to the shell 41 by screws passing through the screw holes.

[0079] Isolation plate 5: Longitudinal (here, "longitudinal" is defined according to the technical solution, and adjusted to "horizontal separation parallel to the human back" in combination with the carrying scenario to ensure consistent function) is fixed in the middle of the inner cavity of the outer shell 4, dividing the inner cavity of the outer shell 4 into two independent cavities: the side closer to the human body is the transmission cavity that accommodates the drive disc 13, the two-link braking mechanism 14, and the limit gear 15, and the side farther away from the human body is the braking cavity that accommodates the descent rope 16, the winding disc 6, the guide wheel 7, the cable exit disc 8, the active ratchet assembly 10, the compound gear 11, and the transmission gear 12;

[0080] Shaft end cap 43: The housing cover 42 has a winding reel shaft mounting hole, a cable outlet reel shaft mounting hole and a transmission gear shaft mounting hole, and is equipped with 3 corresponding shaft end caps 43; the housing 41 has corresponding winding reel shaft mounting holes and cable outlet reel shaft mounting holes, and is equipped with 2 shaft end caps 43; each shaft is assembled through the corresponding mounting holes and fixed by the shaft end caps to ensure that the shaft does not move axially.

[0081] 2. Related components within the transmission cavity (such as...) Figure 4 , 6 7, 8)

[0082] Winding reel 6: The winding reel 6 is fixed to the winding reel shaft by a key connection and can rotate synchronously with the winding reel shaft; the winding reel shaft passes through the isolation plate 5, and its two ends are assembled into the winding reel shaft mounting holes of the outer shell 4 by deep groove ball bearings, and can rotate freely; the surface of the winding reel 6 is provided with a spiral cable groove for storing the descent rope;

[0083] Outlet reel 8: The outlet reel 8 is located on one side above the winding reel 6 and is fixed to the outlet reel shaft by a key connection. It can rotate synchronously with the outlet reel shaft. The outlet reel shaft passes through the isolation plate 5, and its two ends are assembled into the outlet reel shaft mounting holes of the outer casing 4 by deep groove ball bearings, and can rotate freely. The surface of the outlet reel 8 is provided with 0.5mm deep anti-slip texture to enhance the friction with the descent rope.

[0084] Guide roller 7: Two guide rollers 7 are provided, both located above the winding reel 6 and on one side of the outlet reel 8; each guide roller 7 is assembled inside the guide roller frame 71, which is fixed to the isolation plate 5 by M4 bolts; the guide roller 7 has a groove radius of 4.5mm (suitable for 9mm descent rope) and is used to guide the descent rope to the top of the outlet reel 8;

[0085] The path of the descent rope: The descent rope 16 is wound and stored on the winding reel 6. Its front end goes around the guide wheel 7 to the upper side of the cable tray 8, then goes down around the cable tray 8, and then goes up from the other side of its top to the outside of the outer casing 4, and finally is fixedly connected to the hook 3.

[0086] Pressure roller mechanism 9: Two pressure roller mechanisms 9 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the cable outlet reel 8. The two pressure roller mechanisms 9 enclose the cable outlet reel 8 and press the descent rope 16 into the cable outlet reel 8. Each pressure roller mechanism 9 includes an arc-shaped wheel frame 91 and three pressure rollers 92. The top and bottom of the arc-shaped wheel frame 91 are fixed to the isolation plate 5 by bolts. The three pressure rollers 92 are all assembled in the arc-shaped wheel frame 91 through a rotating shaft and are distributed along the circumference of the cable outlet reel 8. The wheel body of each pressure roller 92 corresponds to and cooperates with the outer circumference of the cable outlet reel 8, and can rotate freely.

[0087] Active ratchet assembly 10: The active ratchet assembly 10 is fixedly mounted on the output disc shaft by a key connection and can rotate synchronously with the output disc shaft; the active ratchet assembly 10 includes a ratchet disc, a pawl, and a return spring; the ratchet disc is provided with 12 pawl mounting holes in the circumferential direction, the return spring is placed in the pawl mounting holes, and the tail of the pawl is inserted into the pawl mounting hole to press the return spring, so that the pawl always remains in the extended state;

[0088] Compound gear 11: The outer edge of the compound gear 11 is provided with external meshing teeth 111, and the inner circumferential distribution of the teeth 112 is provided inside. The compound gear 11 is assembled on the lead-out disc shaft through a deep groove ball bearing and can rotate freely relative to the lead-out disc shaft. The pawl of the active ratchet assembly 10 is engaged with the inner teeth 112 of the compound gear 11. The two are adapted to each other to form a ratchet mechanism to realize the unidirectional transmission function.

[0089] Transmission gear 12: The transmission gear 12 is located below the compound gear 11 and meshes with the external meshing teeth 111 of the compound gear 11. The transmission gear 12 is fixedly mounted on the transmission gear shaft by a key connection and rotates synchronously with the transmission gear shaft. One end of the transmission gear shaft is mounted on the housing 4 by a deep groove ball bearing, and the other end passes through the isolation plate 5 and is fixedly connected to the drive disk 13, driving the drive disk 13 to rotate synchronously.

[0090] 3. Related components within the brake chamber (such as...) Figure 5 (As shown)

[0091] Drive disk 13: Drive disk 13 is fixedly connected to one end of the transmission gear shaft that passes through the isolation plate and rotates synchronously with the transmission gear 12 shaft; the edge of drive disk 13 is provided with an eccentric shaft (eccentricity 15mm) for connecting the two-link brake mechanism 14.

[0092] Two-bar braking mechanism 14: The two-bar braking mechanism 14 includes a first drive rod 141 and a second drive rod 142; one end of the first drive rod 141 is connected to the eccentric position shaft of the drive disc 13 and can rotate freely around the shaft; the other end of the first drive rod 141 is connected to one end of the second drive rod 142 through a shaft, and both can rotate freely around the shaft; the other end of the second drive rod 142 is mounted on the isolation plate 5 through a shaft and can rotate freely around the shaft; an escapement buckle 143 extends from one side of the end of the second drive rod 142, and the escapement buckle 143 can intermittently engage in the tooth groove of the limiting gear 15 with the reciprocating motion of the two-bar braking mechanism 14;

[0093] Limiting gear 15: The limiting gear 15 is fixedly mounted on the output disc shaft by a key connection and rotates synchronously with the output disc shaft; the tooth groove of the limiting gear 15 is adapted to the escapement buckle 143 of the two-link brake mechanism, and its own speed is limited by the intermittent engagement of the buckle. The design purpose is to limit its own speed (coaxial and synchronous with the output disc) by intermittent engagement with the escapement buckle 143.

[0094] Because the escapement mechanism (especially the escapement latch 143 and the limit gear 15) is subjected to a large impact force, it is recommended to use high-strength alloy steel or No. 45 steel and quench it.

[0095] 4. Descent rope and hook

[0096] Descending Rope 16: Employs an inner core-outer sheath composite structure, consisting of an inner core layer, a buffer layer, and an outer sheath layer from the inside out. The inner core layer is made of 16 strands of high-strength polyester filament twisted together. The buffer layer is composed of low-elasticity polyester staple fibers wound around the outside of the inner core layer (winding density 20 turns / cm). The outer sheath layer is made of 32 strands of abrasion-resistant nylon 66 tightly woven (weaving density 92%). The descent rope has a diameter of 9mm and a breaking strength ≥20kN. The design aims to: provide the outer sheath layer to resist friction from the mechanical components of the transmission chamber, provide core strength from the inner core layer, absorb instantaneous impact forces from the buffer layer, and adapt to transmission paths furthest from the human body.

[0097] Hook 3: Alloy steel self-locking structure, the tail is connected to the metal buckle at the end of the descent rope via a universal joint - the design purpose is: the universal joint adapts to the angle change of the rope when it is led out from the bottom of the backpack (away from the body) to avoid rope twisting; the self-locking structure prevents the hook from falling off the anchor point.

[0098] III. Working Principle

[0099] This invention achieves safe descent through the logic of "power transmission in the transmission chamber → motion conversion in the braking chamber → forced speed limiting," and the specific process is adapted to the layout of the front and rear chambers:

[0100] Power transmission (transmission chamber: rope → gear): After the user wears backpack 1 and hangs hook 3 on the wall anchor point, the user's weight pulls the descent rope 16; the descent rope 16 drives the cable reel 8 to rotate, and the cable reel 8 synchronously drives the cable reel shaft and the active ratchet assembly 10 to rotate; the pawl of the active ratchet assembly 10, under the action of the return spring, engages with the inner tooth groove 112 of the compound gear 11, driving the compound gear 11 to rotate; the compound gear 11 drives the transmission gear 12 to rotate through the external meshing teeth 111, and the transmission gear 12 drives the transmission gear shaft and the drive disk 13 to rotate synchronously (because the tooth ratio of the compound gear to the transmission gear is 2:1, speed is achieved).

[0101] Motion conversion (brake chamber: circumferential → reciprocating): The eccentric shaft of the drive disc 13 drives the first drive rod 141 of the two-bar brake mechanism 14 to swing around the eccentric shaft; the first drive rod 141 pulls the second drive rod 142 to reciprocate around the fixed shaft of the isolation plate 5, so that the escapement buckle 143 at the end of the second drive rod 142 performs a reciprocating motion of "approaching-moving away from the limit gear 15" with the two-bar brake mechanism 14.

[0102] Forced speed limiting (brake chamber: engagement → speed limiting): When the escapement buckle 143 reciprocates, it intermittently engages with the tooth groove of the limiting gear 15 (engaging 6 times per second); each engagement briefly brakes the limiting gear assembly, limiting the maximum speed of the limiting gear 15; because the limiting gear 15 is coaxially fixed with the cable reel 8, the speed of the cable reel 8 is forcibly limited to 30 r / min, corresponding to a descent speed of 0.7 m / s, ultimately achieving a uniform descent.

[0103] The reciprocating frequency of the escapement latch is determined by the rotational speed of the drive disc, thereby locking the angular velocity of the lead plate within a constant range.

[0104] IV. Experimental Section: Performance Verification and Comparative Analysis

[0105] To verify the safety performance of the "escapement-type slow-descent backpack" under extreme conditions and the speed limiting accuracy of its mechanical escapement mechanism, the applicant conducted the following experiments in accordance with the GB 21976.2-2012 standard.

[0106] 1. Experimental Samples

[0107] · Experimental group: The escapement-type slow-descent backpack described in Example 1 of this invention.

[0108] · Control group: A commercially available conventional friction-type decelerator.

[0109] 2. Experiment 1: Decoupling Test of Full-Load Descent Speed ​​and Body Weight

[0110] This experiment aims to verify whether the escapement mechanism can truly achieve "speed independent of body weight".

[0111] Table 1: Descent rate test under different loads (compliant with GB 21976.2 standard load)

[0112]

[0113] Results Analysis: Experimental data shows that when the load increased from 35kg to 100kg, the speed fluctuation of the present invention was only 0.02m / s, while the speed of the control group increased by 0.60m / s. This strongly proves that the "two-link braking mechanism" of the present invention can forcibly limit the exit speed through mechanical frequency, completely solving the problem of escapees falling too quickly due to excessive weight.

[0114] 3. Experiment 2: Test of the abrasion resistance and residual strength of the descent rope

[0115] Verify the protective effect of the backpack's integrated design on ropes.

[0116] Table 2: Comparison of descent rope performance after 100 consecutive tests

[0117] Testing items This invention (experimental group) Control group (traditional hook type) Standard requirements Surface wear rate 0.22% (non-pilling) 16.67% (Severe pilling) No broken wires, no deformation Residual strength (kN) 21.8 13.2 ≥10kN Intensity attenuation rate 0.9％ 40％ /

[0118] Results Analysis: Since the descent rope of this invention is restricted along its entire path by guide wheels and isolation plates and does not come into contact with external building structures, its strength attenuation is almost negligible, which greatly extends the service life of the equipment.

[0119] 4. Experiment 3: Fatigue Strength Test of Escapement Mechanism

[0120] The two-bar braking mechanism was simulated with 1000 consecutive escapement actions.

[0121] Experimental results: The escapement latch and the limit gear showed no obvious chipping or cracking, the clearance variation was less than 0.05mm, the system operated smoothly, and no jamming occurred.

[0122] Reliability analysis of the anti-tangle wire mechanism of the pressure roller:

[0123] During the aforementioned experiments, the applicant specifically observed the function of the "line-pressing wheel mechanism 9" in complex escape environments. The following supplementary explanation is provided:

[0124] 1. Physical Constraint Principle: The pressure roller mechanism 9 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the line exit reel 8. Through elastic preload, it keeps the descent rope 16 pressed against the bottom of the U-shaped groove of the line exit reel. In the escapement mechanism, due to the frequent "pause-release" cycles (i.e., escape frequency) of the two-bar braking mechanism 14, the line exit reel does not rotate smoothly at a microscopic level. The pressure roller effectively counteracts the rope jump caused by this high-frequency vibration, ensuring that the rope does not deviate from the predetermined track during the escape interval.

[0125] 2. The technical effect of preventing "slack and tangled lines" is that when simulating extreme scenarios such as a survivor suddenly stepping upwards onto the building surface or experiencing violent shaking during descent, the descent rope will slack off momentarily.

[0126] ·Ordinary descent devices: After the rope slackens, it is easy for it to overlap or misalign within the winding reel, causing it to get stuck (dead knot) during subsequent descent.

[0127] · This invention utilizes a pressure roller mechanism 9 to maintain continuous mechanical pressure, ensuring the rope remains firmly attached to the output reel even during moments of momentary tension loss. Experimental observations show that after simulating 50 instances of momentary slack, the cable arrangement inside the output reel remained consistently neat, with no instances of cable jamming or skipping.

[0128] 3. Contribution to Creativity: This design works in synergy with the "two-bar braking mechanism 14": the braking mechanism is responsible for "precise speed control," while the pressure wheel mechanism is responsible for "path assurance." This synergy enables the invention not only to operate under constant loads but also to maintain a very high fault tolerance rate in complex real-world escape scenarios such as dynamic and variable loads. This constitutes a significant advancement of the invention over existing escape mechanisms.

[0129] It should be noted that, in this document, terms such as "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0130] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An escapement-type descent backpack, comprising a backpack, a descent device body, and a hook; characterized in that, The descent device body is placed inside the backpack; the hook is placed outside the backpack and is fixedly connected to the descent rope extending from the descent device body. The descent body includes an outer shell with a longitudinally arranged partition plate inside, dividing the inner cavity into an independent transmission cavity and a braking cavity; the transmission cavity is equipped with a descent rope, a winding reel, a guide wheel, a cable exit reel, an active ratchet assembly, a compound gear, and a transmission gear; the braking cavity is equipped with a drive disc, a two-bar braking mechanism, and a limiting gear. The winding reel is fixed to the winding reel shaft by a key connection and can rotate synchronously with the shaft; the winding reel shaft passes through the isolation plate, and its two ends are assembled to the outer shell by bearings and can rotate freely. The lead-out reel is located above the winding reel and is fixed to the lead-out reel shaft by a key connection, and can rotate synchronously with the shaft; the lead-out reel shaft passes through the isolation plate, and its two ends are assembled to the outer shell by bearings, and can rotate freely; Several guide wheels are provided, all positioned above the winding reel and on one side of the outlet reel, for guiding the descent rope to the top of the outlet reel; The descent rope is wound and stored on the winding reel, with its front end passing over the guide wheel to the upper side of the outlet reel, then passing down over the outlet reel, and then going up from the other side of its top to the outside of the housing, where it is then fixedly connected to the hook. The composite gear has external meshing teeth on its outer edge and internal tooth grooves distributed circumferentially inside. It is mounted on the output disc shaft by bearings and can rotate freely relative to its shaft. The active ratchet assembly is fixedly mounted on the output disc shaft and can rotate synchronously with it. Its outer edge is evenly arranged with retractable pawls. The pawls are engaged in the inner tooth groove of the compound gear. The two are adapted to each other to form a ratchet mechanism to realize the unidirectional transmission function. The transmission gear is located below the compound gear and meshes with its external meshing teeth; the transmission gear is fixedly mounted on the transmission gear shaft by a key connection and rotates synchronously therewith; one end of the transmission gear shaft is mounted on the housing by a bearing, and the other end passes through the isolation plate and is fixedly connected to the drive disk, causing it to rotate synchronously. The two-bar linkage braking mechanism includes a first drive rod and a second drive rod; one end of the first drive rod is connected to the eccentric position shaft of the drive disc and can rotate freely around the shaft, and the other end is connected to one end of the second drive rod shaft, and both can rotate freely around the shaft; the other end of the second drive rod is mounted on the isolation plate through a shaft and can rotate freely around the shaft, and its end extends to one side with an escapement-type latch, which can intermittently engage with the tooth groove of the limiting gear as the two-bar linkage reciprocates; the limiting gear is fixedly mounted on the cable outlet disc shaft and rotates synchronously with it.

2. The escapement backpack as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Two pressure roller mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the cable outlet reel. The two pressure roller mechanisms wrap around the cable outlet reel and press the descent rope into the cable outlet reel.

3. The escapement-type descent backpack as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The pressure roller mechanism includes an arc-shaped wheel frame and three pressure rollers. The top and bottom of the arc-shaped wheel frame are fixed to the isolation plate by bolts. The three pressure rollers are all assembled in the arc-shaped wheel frame through a rotating shaft and are distributed along the circumference of the wire outlet disc. The wheel body of each pressure roller is correspondingly matched with the outer circumference of the wire outlet disc and can rotate freely.

4. The escapement backpack as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The active ratchet assembly includes a ratchet disc, a pawl, and a return spring; the ratchet disc is circumferentially provided with a plurality of pawl mounting holes, the return spring is placed in the pawl mounting holes, and the tail of the pawl is inserted into the pawl mounting holes to press down the return spring.

5. The escapement-type descent backpack as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The backpack features a double-shoulder design, is made of flame-retardant Oxford cloth, and has an internal rigid aluminum alloy frame.

6. The escapement-type descent backpack as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The outer casing includes a shell and a cover, which are fastened together. The cover has several connecting feet with screw holes. A screw passes through the screw hole and is fixed to the four perimeter of the shell to achieve the connection between the two.

7. The escapement-type descent backpack as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The cover has mounting holes for the winding reel shaft, the output reel shaft, and the transmission gear shaft, and is equipped with three corresponding shaft end caps; the housing has corresponding mounting holes for the winding reel shaft and the output reel shaft, and is equipped with two shaft end caps. The corresponding shafts are installed through the mounting holes and fixed by the shaft end caps.

8. The escapement-type descent backpack as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The guide wheel is assembled inside the guide wheel frame, and the guide wheel frame is fixed to the isolation plate by bolts.

9. The escapement-type descent backpack as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The descent rope has an inner core-outer sheath composite structure, comprising an inner core layer, a buffer layer, and an outer sheath layer from the inside out. The inner core layer is made of multiple strands of high-strength polyester filaments or aramid filaments twisted together. The buffer layer is made of low-elasticity polyester staple fibers wound around the outside of the inner core layer. The outer sheath layer is made of multiple strands of abrasion-resistant nylon 66 or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene tightly woven together. The descent rope has a diameter of 8-10 mm and a breaking strength ≥20 kN.

10. The escapement-type descent backpack as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The hook is a self-locking hook.

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