Tunnel air purification equipment and purification method for tunnel air

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of pipeline facility engineering, in particular to tunnel air purification equipment and a purification method for tunnel air. The tunnel air purification equipment comprises an equipment main body and a centrifugal fan, and a filter main body is fixedly installed in the equipment main body; an air outlet pipeline and an air inlet pipeline communicated with an air outlet of the centrifugal fan are mounted on the filter main body; a filter cartridge mounting top plate is fixed on the top wall in the filter main body, a filter cartridge is rotatably mounted on the filter cartridge mounting top plate, a support frame is fixed in the filter main body, a filter cartridge driving shaft fixed with the filter cartridge is rotatably mounted on the support frame, and the filter cartridge driving shaft penetrates through the interior of the filter cartridge; the air inlet pipeline is provided with a collecting sleeve which sleeves the peripheral side of the filter cartridge; according to the invention, the problems of incomplete cleaning of the filter cartridge and high energy consumption in the traditional pulse back-blowing technology are effectively solved, efficient, energy-saving and thorough automatic cleaning is realized, and the operation efficiency and reliability of tunnel air purification equipment are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pipeline engineering technology, specifically to a tunnel air purification device and a method for purifying tunnel air. Background Technology

[0002] In semi-enclosed spaces such as tunnels used in mining construction, poor air circulation leads to the easy accumulation of various suspended particulate matter during ore excavation, coal mining, and drilling, resulting in reduced visibility and health hazards. Therefore, air purification equipment with cartridge filters as its core is commonly used. The principle is to allow polluted air to pass through the cartridge, where particulate matter is trapped on the outer surface. However, as dust continues to accumulate, the resistance of the cartridge increases significantly, not only increasing energy consumption but also severely affecting purification efficiency and air volume. Therefore, achieving efficient and automatic cleaning of the cartridge is crucial to ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the equipment.

[0003] Currently, the mainstream cleaning method for filter cartridges in the industry is pulse backflushing technology. This method involves spraying high-pressure compressed air into the filter cartridge in an instant, causing the cartridge to expand and shake, thereby shaking off surface dust. Although this method achieves automatic dust removal, it has obvious limitations when dealing with complex working conditions such as high humidity, high concentration, and easy dust caking in tunnels. First, its dust removal effect depends on airflow impact, and it is not strong enough to peel off firmly adhered or damp and caking dust layers, which can easily lead to dust residue and the formation of dust cakes that are difficult to remove, making it impossible to effectively restore the operating resistance of the equipment. Second, maintaining a high-pressure air source requires continuous consumption of high electrical energy.

[0004] In summary, traditional pulse backflushing cleaning methods face problems such as incomplete cleaning and high energy consumption in tunnel purification applications. To address these issues, we provide a tunnel air purification device and a method for purifying tunnel air. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tunnel air purification device and a method for purifying tunnel air. Through a mechanically linked cleaning mechanism, the air in the mining tunnel is purified. The device combines physical scraping of samples with directional airflow purging to achieve more thorough and energy-efficient cleaning of the filter cartridge, improve the overall performance and reliability of the tunnel air purification device, and optimize the purification of dust generated by methods such as tunneling and drilling, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A tunnel air purification device includes a main body and a centrifugal fan. A filter body is fixedly installed inside the main body. An air outlet pipe and an air inlet pipe connected to the air outlet of the centrifugal fan are installed on the filter body. A filter cartridge mounting plate is fixed to the inner top wall of the filter body. A filter cartridge is rotatably mounted on the filter cartridge mounting plate. A support frame is fixed inside the filter body. A filter cartridge drive shaft, which is fixed to the filter cartridge, is rotatably mounted on the support frame. The filter cartridge drive shaft passes through the inside of the filter cartridge. The air intake pipe is provided with a collection sleeve that is fitted around the outer periphery of the filter cartridge. The inner wall of the collection sleeve is fixed with a scraper that is attached to the outer wall of the filter cartridge. The bottom of the filter cartridge mounting top plate is fixed with an air jet nozzle for blowing air onto the outer wall of the filter cartridge. A cylinder is fixed on the support frame, a piston is slidably disposed inside the cylinder, and an intake pipe and an exhaust pipe connected to the jet nozzle are fixed on the cylinder. The main drive shaft is rotatably mounted on the support frame, and the main drive shaft is engaged with the filter cartridge drive shaft through a ratchet mechanism. The main drive shaft is connected to the collecting sleeve and piston through a linkage mechanism. When the main drive shaft rotates, it drives the collecting sleeve to move vertically. When the collecting sleeve moves upward, it drives the piston to move upward, thereby drawing external air into the cylinder. When the collecting sleeve moves downward, it drives the piston to move downward, delivering the air in the cylinder to the jet nozzle.

[0007] A tunnel air purification device as described above: the centrifugal fan includes a fan housing, a fan impeller is rotatably installed inside one end of the fan housing, and the other end is connected to the air inlet pipe.

[0008] The tunnel air purification device described above: the number of scrapers is set to multiple, and the multiple scrapers are circumferentially distributed at equal angles on the inner wall of the collecting sleeve, with gaps left between adjacent scrapers.

[0009] A tunnel air purification device as described above: the number of air nozzles is set to multiple, and the multiple air nozzles are circumferentially distributed at equal angles on the bottom of the filter cartridge mounting top plate.

[0010] A tunnel air purification device as described above: a first one-way valve is fixedly installed on the intake pipe, allowing only external gas to be conveyed unidirectionally into the cylinder barrel, and a second one-way valve is fixedly installed on the exhaust pipe, allowing only internal gas to be conveyed unidirectionally into the exhaust pipe.

[0011] As described above, a tunnel air purification device includes a ratchet mechanism comprising a ratchet seat fixed on a filter cartridge drive shaft and a ratchet fixed on a main drive shaft. The ratchet is rotatably mounted on the ratchet seat, and a pawl is hinged to the ratchet seat. The pawl is movably engaged with the ratchet. An elastic lever is provided on the ratchet seat, with one end of the elastic lever fixed to the ratchet seat and the other end pressed against the pawl to provide preload force to the pawl.

[0012] As described above, a tunnel air purification device includes a linkage mechanism comprising a lifting screw rotatably mounted on a support frame. The lifting screw is coupled to the main drive shaft via a gear mechanism. When the main drive shaft rotates, it drives the lifting screw to rotate. A lifting nut block is threaded onto the lifting screw. The lifting nut block is fixedly connected to a collecting sleeve. A limiting component for the vertical movement of the lifting nut block is provided on the support frame. A piston rod is movably inserted into the cylinder. One end of the piston rod is fixed to a piston, and the other end is fixed to the lifting nut block.

[0013] A tunnel air purification device as described above: the gear mechanism includes a drive gear fixed on the main drive shaft and a driven gear fixed on the lifting screw, wherein the drive gear meshes with the driven gear; The limiting component includes a guide rod fixed on the support frame, and the guide rod passes through the lifting nut block.

[0014] As described above, a tunnel air purification device has a motor fixed on the support frame, and the output end of the motor is connected to the main drive shaft through a coupling to drive the main drive shaft to rotate.

[0015] A method for purifying tunnel air, using the aforementioned tunnel air purification equipment, includes the following steps: S1. Start the centrifugal fan to draw in the air in the tunnel and transport it to the filter body through the air intake pipe. The air is then filtered by the filter cartridge inside the filter body and transported to the subsequent process for deep purification through the air outlet pipe. S2. When there are many deposits on the surface of the filter cartridge, start the motor to drive the main drive shaft to rotate clockwise. S3. The clockwise rotation of the main drive shaft is converted into the upward movement of the collecting sleeve along the filter cylinder axis through the linkage mechanism. The scraper fixed on the inner wall of the collecting sleeve rises accordingly, mechanically scraping the outer wall of the filter cylinder to remove larger attachments. The scraped-off attachments fall into the collecting sleeve for temporary storage. At the same time, through the one-way transmission action of the ratchet mechanism, the rotation of the main drive shaft drives the filter cylinder drive shaft and the filter cylinder to rotate slowly, ensuring that the scraper can clean the outer wall of the filter cylinder circumferentially and thoroughly. S4. During the upward movement of the collecting sleeve, the piston rod and piston move upward synchronously through the linkage mechanism, forming a negative pressure inside the cylinder. External air is drawn in through the intake pipe and stored in the cylinder. S5. Then control the motor to reverse and drive the main drive shaft to rotate counterclockwise. At this time, the ratchet mechanism is in an idle state, the filter cartridge drive shaft and the filter cartridge remain stationary, and the counterclockwise rotation of the main drive shaft drives the collection sleeve to descend and reset along the filter cartridge axis through the linkage mechanism. S6. While the collecting sleeve is lowered and reset, the piston is driven by the linkage mechanism to move down synchronously in the cylinder, compressing the air stored in the cylinder in step S4, and sending it to multiple jet nozzles through the exhaust pipe. The high-pressure airflow is sprayed out from the jet nozzles to finely blow away the outer wall of the filter cartridge that has been physically scraped, removing residual fine dust. The blown-off dust is finally collected in the collecting sleeve, completing a complete cleaning cycle for the filter cartridge.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) This invention abandons the traditional cleaning method that relies on instantaneous airflow impact and adopts a two-stage cleaning mode of first mechanical scraping and then directional blowing. By collecting the scraper fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve, the outer wall of the filter cartridge is directly mechanically scraped, which can effectively remove hardened and stubborn deposits. Then, the air stored by the piston and cylinder in the upward stroke is used to finely blow the scraped surface through the jet nozzle to remove residual fine dust. This process overcomes the disadvantages of pulse back-blowing cleaning and easy dust cake retention in traditional filter cartridge cleaning. (2) The cleaning system of the present invention does not require a separate high-pressure air source device such as an air compressor or an air tank. Its blowing airflow comes from the cleaning action itself: during the process of the scraper and the collecting sleeve rising, the piston is driven synchronously by the linkage mechanism to draw and store air in the cylinder. Only the forward and reverse rotation of the drive motor is needed to complete the action cycle of scraping, storing air and blowing. The mechanical energy of a single power source is efficiently converted into the scraping and blowing action required for cleaning, which greatly reduces the system energy consumption and simplifies the equipment structure. (3) The present invention uses a linkage system consisting of a main drive shaft, a gear pair drive gear, a driven gear, a lifting screw, a lifting nut block and a ratchet mechanism to intelligently decompose and transform the rotational motion of a single drive motor into the axial movement of the collection sleeve, the unidirectional rotation of the filter cartridge and the reciprocating suction and exhaust motion of the piston. Multiple actions are completed automatically, sequentially and collaboratively within one cycle of forward and reverse rotation, realizing a highly integrated automated cleaning process with simple and reliable control logic. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a tunnel air purification device; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partial structural schematic diagram after disassembly and a partial cross-sectional view of the main body of the equipment; Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the decomposed partial structure; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the decomposed partial structure; Figure 5 for Figure 4A schematic diagram of the decomposed partial structure; Figure 6 for Figure 5 Another structural diagram from another perspective; Figure 7 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the decomposed partial structure; Figure 8 for Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the decomposed partial structure; Figure 9 for Figure 8 One of the schematic diagrams of the partially decomposed structure; Figure 10 for Figure 8 The second schematic diagram of the decomposed part of the structure.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Main body of the equipment; 2. Centrifugal fan; 201. Fan casing; 202. Fan impeller; 3. Filter body; 4. Inlet pipe; 5. Outlet pipe; 6. Filter cartridge mounting top plate; 7. Filter cartridge; 8. Support frame; 9. Filter cartridge drive shaft; 10. Collection sleeve; 11. Scraper; 12. Main drive shaft; 13. Motor; 14. Lifting screw; 15. Lifting nut block; 16. Drive gear; 17. Driven gear; 18. Guide rod; 19. Cylinder; 20. Piston; 21. Piston rod; 22. Intake pipe; 23. Exhaust pipe; 24. Air nozzle; 25. Ratchet seat; 26. Ratchet; 27. Pad; 28. Elastic lever. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0020] Please see Figures 1-10 As an embodiment of the present invention, a tunnel air purification device includes a device body 1 and a centrifugal fan 2. A filter body 3 is fixedly installed inside the device body 1. An air outlet pipe 5 and an air inlet pipe 4 connected to the air outlet of the centrifugal fan 2 are installed on the filter body 3. A filter cartridge mounting plate 6 is fixed to the inner top wall of the filter body 3. A filter cartridge 7 is rotatably mounted on the filter cartridge mounting plate 6. A support frame 8 is fixed inside the filter body 3. A filter cartridge drive shaft 9, which is fixed to the filter cartridge 7, is rotatably mounted on the support frame 8. The filter cartridge drive shaft 9 passes through the inside of the filter cartridge 7. A collection sleeve 10 is provided on the air intake pipe 4 and is sleeved on the outer periphery of the filter cartridge 7. A scraper 11 is fixed on the inner wall of the collection sleeve 10 and attached to the outer wall of the filter cartridge 7. An air jet nozzle 24 for blowing air onto the outer wall of the filter cartridge 7 is fixed at the bottom of the filter cartridge mounting top plate 6. A cylinder barrel 19 is fixed on the support frame 8. A piston 20 is slidably arranged inside the cylinder barrel 19. An intake pipe 22 and an exhaust pipe 23 connected to the jet nozzle 24 are fixed on the cylinder barrel 19. A main drive shaft 12 is rotatably mounted on the support frame 8. The main drive shaft 12 is engaged with the filter cartridge drive shaft 9 through a ratchet mechanism. When the main drive shaft 12 rotates clockwise, it will drive the filter cartridge drive shaft 9 to rotate. When the main drive shaft 12 rotates counterclockwise, the filter cartridge drive shaft 9 will not rotate. The main drive shaft 12 is connected to the collecting sleeve 10 and the piston 20 through a linkage mechanism. When the main drive shaft 12 rotates, it drives the collecting sleeve 10 to move in the vertical direction. When the collecting sleeve 10 moves upward, it drives the piston 20 to move upward, thereby drawing external air into the cylinder 19. When the collecting sleeve 10 moves downward, it drives the piston 20 to move downward, delivering the air in the cylinder 19 to the jet nozzle 24.

[0021] In this embodiment, during use, the centrifugal fan 2 is started to draw air from the mine tunnel and delivers it to the filter body 3 through the air intake pipe 4. The air is then filtered by the filter cartridge 7 inside the filter body 3. The filtered air is then delivered to subsequent processes for deep purification through the air outlet pipe 5. When a large amount of deposits are detected on the surface of the filter cartridge 7, the motor 13 is started, driving the main drive shaft 12 to rotate clockwise. This rotation drives the filter cartridge drive shaft 9 and the filter cartridge 7 fixed thereto to rotate slowly via a ratchet mechanism. Simultaneously, the collection sleeve 10 is driven to move upwards along the axial direction of the filter cartridge 7 via a linkage mechanism. The scraper 11 fixed to the inner wall of the collection sleeve 10 rises accordingly, mechanically scraping the outer wall of the rotating filter cartridge 7 to remove the deposits. At the same time, driven by the linkage mechanism, the piston 20 moves within the cylinder... The cylinder 19 moves upward synchronously, creating a negative pressure that draws in external air through the intake pipe 22 and stores it in the cylinder 19, thus storing the gas energy for the cleaning action. When the scraping stroke ends, the control motor 13 reverses, driving the main drive shaft 12 to rotate counterclockwise. At this time, the ratchet mechanism is in an idle state, and the filter cartridge drive shaft 9 and filter cartridge 7 remain stationary. The counterclockwise rotation of the main drive shaft 12 drives the collecting sleeve 10 to move downward along the filter cartridge 7 axis and reset through the linkage mechanism. During this process, the linkage mechanism simultaneously drives the piston 20 to move downward synchronously within the cylinder 19, compressing the stored air and sending it through the exhaust pipe 23 to multiple air nozzles 24. The high-pressure airflow ejected from the air nozzles 24 performs a fine cleaning of the outer wall of the filter cartridge 7 that has been scraped, removing residual dust and completing a complete cleaning cycle for the filter cartridge 7.

[0022] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the centrifugal fan 2 includes a fan housing 201, with a fan impeller 202 rotatably mounted inside one end of the fan housing 201, and the other end connected to the air inlet pipe 4.

[0023] In this embodiment, the fan housing 201 and the fan impeller 202 inside it constitute a component that generates negative pressure. When the external motor is started to drive the fan impeller 202 to rotate, it can actively draw in dusty air from the tunnel environment and continuously deliver it to the filter body 3 through the air intake pipe 4.

[0024] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the number of scrapers 11 is set to multiple, and the multiple scrapers 11 are circumferentially distributed at equal angles on the inner wall of the collecting sleeve 10, with gaps left between adjacent scrapers 11.

[0025] In this embodiment, multiple scrapers 11 distributed at equal angles are provided to ensure that all areas of the outer wall of the filter cartridge 7 can be effectively cleaned during the scraping process. The gaps between adjacent scrapers 11 not only ensure the stability of the structure, but also provide a falling channel for the scraped dust, thus preventing the dust from accumulating and clogging between the scrapers 11.

[0026] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the number of jet nozzles 24 is set to multiple, and the multiple jet nozzles 24 are circumferentially distributed at equal angles on the bottom of the filter cartridge mounting top plate 6.

[0027] In this embodiment, multiple jet nozzles 24 distributed at equal angles can blow the outer circumferential surface of the filter cartridge 7 from different directions and evenly, ensuring that the airflow covers no dead corners and improving the uniformity and thoroughness of the blowing and cleaning.

[0028] As a further embodiment of the present invention, a first one-way valve is fixedly installed on the intake pipe 22, which only allows external gas to be delivered to the cylinder barrel 19 in one direction, and a second one-way valve is fixedly installed on the exhaust pipe 23, which only allows gas inside the cylinder barrel 19 to be delivered to the exhaust pipe 23 in one direction.

[0029] In this embodiment, the first one-way valve ensures that when the piston 20 moves upward to draw air, external air can only enter the cylinder 19 through the intake pipe 22, preventing gas backflow. The second one-way valve ensures that when the piston 20 moves downward to exhaust air, compressed air can only flow from the cylinder 19 to the exhaust pipe 23 and the jet nozzle 24, preventing high-pressure gas backflow and ensuring effective supply and pressure of the purging airflow.

[0030] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the ratchet mechanism includes a ratchet seat 25 fixed on the filter cartridge drive shaft 9 and a ratchet 26 fixed on the main drive shaft 12. The ratchet 26 is rotatably mounted on the ratchet seat 25. A pawl 27 is hinged on the ratchet seat 25. The pawl 27 is movably engaged with the ratchet 26. An elastic tab 28 is provided on the ratchet seat 25. One end of the elastic tab 28 is fixed to the ratchet seat 25, and the other end abuts against the pawl 27 to provide preload force for the pawl 27.

[0031] In this embodiment, when the main drive shaft 12 rotates clockwise, the pawl 27 is locked with the ratchet 26 under the action of preload, thereby driving the ratchet seat 25 and the filter cartridge drive shaft 9 to rotate synchronously. When the main drive shaft 12 rotates counterclockwise, the pawl 27 slides on the inclined surface of the ratchet 26 and cannot drive the ratchet seat 25, so that the filter cartridge drive shaft 9 and the filter cartridge 7 remain stationary, realizing the unidirectional transmission of power.

[0032] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the linkage mechanism includes a lifting screw 14 rotatably mounted on the support frame 8. The lifting screw 14 is engaged with the main drive shaft 12 through a gear mechanism. When the main drive shaft 12 rotates, it drives the lifting screw 14 to rotate. A lifting nut block 15 is threadedly engaged on the lifting screw 14. The lifting nut block 15 is fixedly connected to the collecting sleeve 10. A limiting component is provided on the support frame 8 when the lifting nut block 15 moves vertically. A piston rod 21 is movably inserted into the cylinder 19. One end of the piston rod 21 is fixed to the piston 20, and the other end is fixed to the lifting nut block 15.

[0033] In this embodiment, the gear mechanism transmits the rotational motion of the main drive shaft 12 to the lifting screw 14. When the lifting screw 14 rotates, the lifting nut block 15, whose rotation is restricted by the limiting component, will move along its axial direction, thereby driving the fixedly connected collecting sleeve 10 and piston rod 21 and piston 20 to move synchronously, realizing the conversion from the rotation of the main drive shaft 12 to the lifting of the collecting sleeve 10 and the reciprocating motion of the piston 20.

[0034] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the gear mechanism includes a drive gear 16 fixed on the main drive shaft 12 and a driven gear 17 fixed on the lifting screw 14, wherein the drive gear 16 meshes with the driven gear 17. The limiting component includes a guide rod 18 fixed on the support frame 8, which passes through the lifting nut block 15.

[0035] In this embodiment, the meshing of the drive gear 16 and the driven gear 17 precisely transmits the power of the main drive shaft 12, so that when the main drive shaft 12 rotates, it can drive the lifting screw 14 to rotate synchronously. The guide rod 18 passes through the guide hole on the lifting nut block 15, effectively preventing the lifting nut block 15 from rotating with the lifting screw 14, ensuring that it can only move in a straight line along the vertical direction determined by the guide rod 18, thus achieving precise guidance of the movement.

[0036] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the output end of the motor 13 is connected to the main drive shaft 12 via a coupling to drive the main drive shaft 12 to rotate.

[0037] In this embodiment, the motor 13 serves as the power source for the entire cleaning system. Its forward and reverse rotation directly controls the forward and reverse rotation of the main drive shaft 12 through a coupling, thereby accurately and reliably driving all subsequent linked cleaning actions.

[0038] The working principle of this invention is as follows: The motor 13 acts as a single power source. The forward and reverse rotation of its output end is intelligently decomposed and transformed into two stages and multiple coordinated cleaning actions through a linkage system consisting of a main drive shaft 12, a gear pair driving gear 16, a driven gear 17, a lifting screw 14, a lifting nut block 15, a ratchet mechanism, and a piston rod 21. In the first stage, the main drive shaft 12 rotates in the forward direction. On the one hand, it drives the lifting screw 14 to rotate through the meshing gear pair, causing the lifting nut block 15, which is limited by the guide rod 18, and the collection sleeve 10 fixed thereto to rise axially along the filter cartridge 7. The scraper 11 fixed to the inner wall of the sleeve directly and comprehensively scrapes the outer wall of the filter cartridge 7. On the other hand, through the unidirectional transmission of the ratchet mechanism, this rotation simultaneously drives the filter cartridge drive shaft 9 and the filter cartridge 7 itself. The process generates a slow rotation to ensure no blind spots in the scraping. During this process, the piston rod 21, which is connected to the lifting nut block 15, synchronously drives the piston 20 to move upward in the cylinder 19. External air is drawn in and stored through the first one-way valve from the intake pipe 22. In the second stage, the main drive shaft 12 is driven to rotate in the opposite direction. The ratchet mechanism is in an idle state at this time, and the filter cartridge 7 remains stationary. The reverse rotation drives the collecting sleeve 10 to carry the scraper 11 to descend and reset through the gear pair and thread pair. At the same time, the piston 20 is driven to move downward, compressing the air stored in the cylinder 19 in the first stage, and sending it to multiple jet nozzles 24 through the second one-way valve and the exhaust pipe 23. This provides a uniform and fine airflow to sweep the outer wall of the filter cartridge 7, which has been coarsely scraped, to remove residual dust. The scraped and blown-off pollutants are collected inside the collecting sleeve 10.

[0039] The above embodiments are exemplary and not restrictive. Therefore, any technical solutions that can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention are included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel air purification device, comprising a main body (1) and a centrifugal fan (2), characterized in that, The filter body (3) is fixedly installed inside the main body (1) of the equipment. The filter body (3) is equipped with an air outlet pipe (5) and an air inlet pipe (4) connected to the air outlet of the centrifugal fan (2). The filter body (3) has a filter cartridge mounting plate (6) fixed inside the top wall. A filter cartridge (7) is rotatably mounted on the filter cartridge mounting plate (6). A support frame (8) is fixed inside the filter body (3). A filter cartridge drive shaft (9) fixed to the filter cartridge (7) is rotatably mounted on the support frame (8). The filter cartridge drive shaft (9) passes through the inside of the filter cartridge (7). The air intake pipe (4) is provided with a collection sleeve (10) sleeved on the outer periphery of the filter cartridge (7). The inner wall of the collection sleeve (10) is fixed with a scraper (11) attached to the outer wall of the filter cartridge (7). The bottom of the filter cartridge mounting top plate (6) is fixed with a jet nozzle (24) for blowing air onto the outer wall of the filter cartridge (7). A cylinder barrel (19) is fixed on the support frame (8), a piston (20) is slidably arranged inside the cylinder barrel (19), and an intake pipe (22) and an exhaust pipe (23) connected to the jet nozzle (24) are fixed on the cylinder barrel (19). The main drive shaft (12) is rotatably mounted on the support frame (8), and the main drive shaft (12) and the filter cartridge drive shaft (9) are connected by a ratchet mechanism. The main drive shaft (12) is connected to the collecting sleeve (10) and the piston (20) through a linkage mechanism. When the main drive shaft (12) rotates, it drives the collecting sleeve (10) to move in the vertical direction. When the collecting sleeve (10) moves upward, it will drive the piston (20) to move upward, thereby drawing external air into the cylinder (19). When the collecting sleeve (10) moves downward, it drives the piston (20) to move downward, delivering the air in the cylinder (19) to the jet nozzle (24).

2. The tunnel air purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The centrifugal fan (2) includes a fan housing (201), with a fan impeller (202) rotatably mounted inside one end of the fan housing (201), and the other end connected to the air inlet pipe (4).

3. The tunnel air purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of scrapers (11) is set to multiple, and the multiple scrapers (11) are circumferentially distributed at equal angles on the inner wall of the collecting sleeve (10), and there is a gap between adjacent scrapers (11).

4. The tunnel air purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the jet nozzles (24) is set to multiple, and the multiple jet nozzles (24) are circumferentially distributed at equal angles on the bottom of the filter cartridge mounting top plate (6).

5. A tunnel air purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A first one-way valve is fixedly installed on the intake pipe (22), which only allows external gas to be delivered to the cylinder barrel (19) in one direction. A second one-way valve is fixedly installed on the exhaust pipe (23), which only allows gas inside the cylinder barrel (19) to be delivered to the exhaust pipe (23) in one direction.

6. The tunnel air purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratchet mechanism includes a ratchet seat (25) fixed on the filter cartridge drive shaft (9) and a ratchet (26) fixed on the main drive shaft (12). The ratchet (26) is rotatably mounted on the ratchet seat (25). A pawl (27) is hinged on the ratchet seat (25). The pawl (27) is movably engaged with the ratchet (26). An elastic paddle (28) is provided on the ratchet seat (25). One end of the elastic paddle (28) is fixed to the ratchet seat (25), and the other end abuts against the pawl (27) to provide preload force for the pawl (27).

7. A tunnel air purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The linkage mechanism includes a lifting screw (14) rotatably mounted on a support frame (8). The lifting screw (14) is connected to the main drive shaft (12) via a gear mechanism. When the main drive shaft (12) rotates, it drives the lifting screw (14) to rotate. A lifting nut block (15) is threaded onto the lifting screw (14). The lifting nut block (15) is fixedly connected to the collecting sleeve (10). A limiting component is provided on the support frame (8) when the lifting nut block (15) moves vertically. A piston rod (21) is movably inserted into the cylinder (19). One end of the piston rod (21) is fixed to the piston (20), and the other end is fixed to the lifting nut block (15).

8. A tunnel air purification device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The gear mechanism includes a drive gear (16) fixed on the main drive shaft (12) and a driven gear (17) fixed on the lifting screw (14), wherein the drive gear (16) meshes with the driven gear (17); The limiting component includes a guide rod (18) fixed on the support frame (8), and the guide rod (18) passes through the lifting nut block (15).

9. A tunnel air purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A motor (13) is fixed on the support frame (8). The output end of the motor (13) is connected to the main drive shaft (12) through a coupling to drive the main drive shaft (12) to rotate.

10. A method for purifying tunnel air, using the tunnel air purification equipment as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Start the centrifugal fan (2) to draw in the air in the tunnel and transport it to the filter body (3) through the air intake pipe (4). The air is filtered by the filter cartridge (7) inside the filter body (3) and then transported to the subsequent process for deep purification through the air outlet pipe (5). S2. When there are many deposits on the surface of the filter cartridge (7), start the motor (13) to drive the main drive shaft (12) to rotate clockwise; S3. The clockwise rotation of the main drive shaft (12) is converted into the upward movement of the collection sleeve (10) along the axial direction of the filter cylinder (7) through the linkage mechanism. The scraper (11) fixed on the inner wall of the collection sleeve (10) rises accordingly and mechanically scrapes the outer wall of the filter cylinder (7) to remove larger attachments. The scraped attachments fall into the collection sleeve (10) for temporary storage. At the same time, through the unidirectional transmission action of the ratchet mechanism, the rotation of the main drive shaft (12) drives the filter cylinder drive shaft (9) and the filter cylinder (7) to rotate slowly, ensuring that the scraper (11) can clean the outer wall of the filter cylinder (7) circumferentially and comprehensively. S4. During the process of the collecting sleeve (10) being driven to rise, the piston rod (21) and piston (20) are driven to move upward synchronously through the linkage mechanism, forming a negative pressure inside the cylinder (19), and external air is drawn in through the intake pipe (22) and stored in the cylinder (19). S5. Then control the motor (13) to reverse and drive the main drive shaft (12) to rotate counterclockwise. At this time, the ratchet mechanism is in an idle state, and the filter cylinder drive shaft (9) and filter cylinder (7) remain stationary. The counterclockwise rotation of the main drive shaft (12) drives the collection sleeve (10) to descend and reset along the filter cylinder (7) axial direction through the linkage mechanism. S6. While the collecting sleeve (10) is lowered and reset, the piston (20) is driven by the linkage mechanism to move down synchronously in the cylinder (19), compressing the air stored in the cylinder (19) in step S4, and sending it to multiple jet nozzles (24) through the exhaust pipe (23). The high-pressure airflow is sprayed out from the jet nozzles (24) to finely blow away the outer wall of the filter cartridge (7) that has been physically scraped, removing the residual fine dust. The dust blown off is finally collected in the collecting sleeve (10), completing a complete cleaning cycle for the filter cartridge (7).

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