Machine tool

Abstract

The invention discloses a machine tool. The machine tool comprises a base, a workbench and a protection assembly. Wherein a driving shaft is arranged on the base; the working table is arranged on the driving shaft in a sliding mode, and a hollowed-out part is arranged on the working table and extends in the moving direction of the working table; the protection assembly comprises a telescopic protection cover and a fixed protection cover, the telescopic protection cover is installed on the base and covers the driving shaft, and the fixed protection cover penetrates through the hollow part, is installed on the base and covers the telescopic protection cover. The problems that in the prior art, an organ protective cover of a machine tool is not provided with a protective structure, the service life of the organ protective cover is prone to being shortened, and the organ protective cover is unsmooth in operation can be solved at least.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of CNC machine tool protection technology, and more specifically, to a machine tool. Background Technology

[0002] In related technologies, the worktable on CNC machine tools adopts a solid, one-piece structure. When the worktable moves, the bellows cover also moves with it. It's impossible to add a rigid protective plate to the outer layer of the bellows cover to prevent iron filings, graphite powder, and waste mud from falling onto it. This easily affects the service life of the bellows cover and causes malfunctions. Furthermore, the bellows cover has a U-shaped structure, with one end fixed to the worktable and the other end fixed to a bracket. The bottom slides within a guide groove. Graphite powder and waste mud generated during machining accumulate in the bellows' folds. When the worktable moves, the bellows contracts, causing compression, which, repeated compression, can easily damage the bellows. In addition, the lack of a labyrinth structure between the bottom of the bellows and the sheet metal allows graphite powder to easily enter, thus penetrating precision components such as guide rails, sliders, and lead screws. Moreover, the bellows cover has no external protection; iron filings generated during metal machining can easily scratch or puncture the cover, affecting its service life. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main objective of this application is to provide a machine tool that solves the problem that the bellows cover of existing machine tools lacks an external protective structure, which easily reduces the service life of the bellows cover and causes it to malfunction.

[0004] According to one aspect of this application, a machine tool is provided, comprising: A base, on which a drive shaft is provided; A worktable is slidably mounted on the drive shaft, and the worktable has a hollowed-out portion that extends along the direction of movement of the worktable. The protective assembly includes a telescopic protective cover and a fixed protective cover. The telescopic protective cover is installed on the base and covers the outside of the drive shaft. The fixed protective cover passes through the hollow part and is installed on the base, and covers the outside of the telescopic protective cover.

[0005] Furthermore, the workbench includes a mounting part and a support part. The mounting part is slidably disposed on the drive shaft, and the support part covers the outer periphery of the mounting part and surrounds it to form the hollow part.

[0006] Furthermore, the mounting part is provided with a protrusion, and the bearing part is provided with a groove that extends through the bearing part along the axial direction of the drive shaft. The protrusion is inserted into the groove, and there is a gap between the side wall surface and the bottom surface of the groove and the protrusion. A first gap section is formed between the first sidewall of the groove and the surface of the protrusion opposite to the first sidewall; a second gap section is formed between the bottom surface of the groove and the surface of the protrusion corresponding to the bottom surface of the groove; and a third gap section is formed between the second sidewall of the groove and the surface of the protrusion opposite to the second sidewall; the first gap section, the second gap section, and the third gap section are sequentially connected to form the hollow part. The fixed protective cover has a first flange and a second flange on opposite sides, the first flange is inserted into the first gap section, and the second flange is inserted into the third gap section.

[0007] Furthermore, the fixed protective cover also includes a connecting part for connecting the first flange and the second flange. Along the radial direction of the drive shaft, the cross-section of the connecting part is inverted V-shaped, and the bottom surface of the groove is adapted to the connecting part.

[0008] Furthermore, the first sidewall, the second sidewall, and the bottom of the groove are all provided with wiping components that flexibly contact the fixed protective cover.

[0009] Furthermore, a first protective plate and a second protective plate are respectively provided at both ends of the drive shaft, and the telescopic protective cover includes a first telescopic cover and a second telescopic cover. Along the axial direction of the drive shaft, the first telescopic cover and the second telescopic cover are respectively provided on both sides of the worktable. Wherein, one end of the first telescopic cover is sealed to the first protective plate, and the other end of the first telescopic cover is connected to the workbench; one end of the second telescopic cover is sealed to the second protective plate, and the other end of the second telescopic cover is connected to the workbench; and / or The fixed protective cover is provided with a third protective plate and a fourth protective plate at both ends, one end of the fixed protective cover is sealed to the third protective plate, and the other end of the fixed protective cover is sealed to the fourth protective plate.

[0010] Furthermore, a first connector is provided on the first side of the workbench, and a second connector is provided on the second side of the workbench opposite to the first side. Both the first connector and the second connector are disposed between the first telescopic cover and the second telescopic cover, and both the first connector and the second connector are connected to the workbench, the base, the first telescopic cover, and the second telescopic cover.

[0011] Furthermore, the machine tool includes a first guide plate and a second guide plate, both of which are disposed on the base and located on opposite sides of the drive shaft. The first guide plate is provided with a first guide groove extending along the axis of the drive shaft, and the second guide plate is provided with a second guide groove extending along the axis of the drive shaft. The openings of both the first and second guide grooves face towards the side near the bottom of the base. The telescopic protective cover is provided with a first hook part that is adapted to the first guide groove, and the telescopic protective cover is also provided with a second hook part that is adapted to the second guide groove. The openings of the first hook part and the second hook part are both facing the side away from the bottom of the base. The first guide groove and the first hook part cooperate to form a first sealing structure, and the second guide groove and the second hook part cooperate to form a second sealing structure.

[0012] Furthermore, the first connector is provided with a third hook portion on the side near the bottom of the base, which is adapted to the first guide groove. The opening of the third hook portion faces the side away from the bottom of the base, and the third hook portion cooperates with the first guide groove to form a third sealing structure. The second connector has a fourth hook on one side near the bottom of the base. The opening of the fourth hook faces away from the bottom of the base. The fourth hook cooperates with the second guide groove to form a fourth sealing structure.

[0013] Furthermore, the telescopic protective cover includes a bellows-style protective cover; and / or, The fixed protective cover includes an integrated steel plate protective cover.

[0014] In this application, a telescopic protective cover is installed outside the drive shaft, and a fixed protective cover is installed outside the telescopic protective cover, with the fixed protective cover passing through the hollowed-out portion of the worktable. This arrangement forms a double layer of protection, improving the reliability of the drive shaft's protection. Furthermore, the fixed protective cover provides physical protection for the telescopic protective cover, preventing the adverse effects of chips and graphite powder on the telescopic protective cover, thereby increasing its service life and improving its operational smoothness. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, are illustrative and descriptive, serving to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a machine tool disclosed in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2This is a structural diagram of a machine tool base disclosed in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a machine tool worktable disclosed in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Side view; Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the fixed protective cover disclosed in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the cooperative relationship between the fixed protective cover and the workbench as disclosed in the embodiments of this application. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the structural relationship between the telescopic protective cover and the guide groove on the guide plate disclosed in the embodiments of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the telescopic protective cover disclosed in the embodiments of this application, which cooperates with the first guide groove and the second guide groove to form a sealing structure; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the fit between the first connector and the first guide groove as disclosed in an embodiment of this application. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing structure formed by the first connector and the first guide groove, and the second connector and the second guide groove, as disclosed in the embodiments of this application.

[0016] The above figures include the following reference numerals: 100. Machine tool; 10. Base; 20. Worktable; 21. Hollowed-out section; 211. First gap section; 212. Second gap section; 213. Third gap section; 22. Mounting part; 221. Protrusion; 23. Bearing part; 231. Groove; 2311. First side wall; 2312. Groove bottom; 2313. Second side wall; 30. Protective component; 31. Telescopic protective cover; 311. First telescopic cover; 312. Second telescopic cover; 313. First hook part; 314. Second hook part 32. Fixed protective cover; 321. First flange; 322. Second flange; 323. Connecting part; 40. Third protective plate; 41. Fourth protective plate; 50. First connecting piece; 501. Third hook part; 51. Second connecting piece; 511. Fourth hook part; 60. First guide plate; 601. First guide groove; 61. Second guide plate; 611. Second guide groove; 70. First sealing structure; 71. Second sealing structure; 72. Third sealing structure; 73. Fourth sealing structure. Detailed Implementation

[0017] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0018] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0019] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further discussed in subsequent figures.

[0020] As described in the background section, in related technologies, the worktable on CNC machine tools adopts a solid, one-piece structure. When the worktable moves, the bellows-shaped protective cover also moves with it. It is impossible to add a rigid protective plate to the outer layer of the bellows-shaped protective cover to prevent iron filings, graphite powder, waste mud, etc., from falling onto it. This easily leads to a shortened service life of the bellows-shaped protective cover and also causes it to malfunction. Therefore, this application provides a new machine tool with a fixed protective cover that passes through the perforated portion of the worktable and is located outside the telescopic protective cover. This fixed protective cover can prevent chips, graphite powder, etc., from damaging the telescopic protective cover and avoid affecting its smooth operation. The machine tool of this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] See Figures 1 to 10 As shown in the figure, this application embodiment provides a machine tool 100. The machine tool 100 includes a base 10, a worktable 20, and a protective assembly 30.

[0022] Specifically, a drive shaft (not shown in the figure) is provided on the base 10; the worktable 20 is slidably disposed on the drive shaft, and a hollow part 21 is provided on the worktable 20, which extends along the movement direction of the worktable 20; the protective component 30 includes a telescopic protective cover 31 and a fixed protective cover 32. The telescopic protective cover 31 is installed on the base 10 and covers the outside of the drive shaft, and the fixed protective cover 32 passes through the hollow part 21 and is installed on the base 10, and covers the outside of the telescopic protective cover 31.

[0023] In actual operation, the worktable 20 is slidably mounted on the drive shaft of the base 10, and the worktable 20 has a hollowed-out portion 21 that extends along the movement direction of the worktable 20. Simultaneously, a telescopic protective cover 31 is directly placed over the drive shaft. This telescopic protective cover 31 extends and retracts synchronously with the sliding of the worktable 20, always conforming to the movement trajectory of the worktable 20, thereby preventing chips and coolant from directly contacting the drive shaft and avoiding damage to the precision components on the drive shaft. A fixed protective cover 32 passes through the hollowed-out portion 21 on the worktable 20 and covers the outside of the telescopic protective cover 31. This fixed protective cover 32 forms a second line of defense, blocking large particles of graphite powder and cutting materials from impacting and scratching the telescopic protective cover 31, extending its service life; it also prevents graphite powder and waste mud generated during processing from accordion folds, affecting the normal operation of the telescopic protective cover 31. On the other hand, it can also further prevent dust from entering the space where the drive shaft is installed on the base 10, forming a double layer of protection for the drive shaft.

[0024] Understandably, in this application, the fixed protective cover 32 passes through the perforated portion 21 and covers the outside of the telescopic protective cover 31, and the fixed protective cover 32 is a full-length structure. Therefore, no matter where the worktable 20 moves, the fixed protective cover 32 can completely cover the outside of the telescopic protective cover 31, avoiding hard impacts / scratches from machining debris on the telescopic protective cover 31, preventing the telescopic protective cover 31 from being punctured or scratched, thereby significantly extending the service life of the telescopic protective cover 31 and improving its smooth operation. At the same time, the perforated portion 21 on the worktable 20 provides a passage for the fixed protective cover 32. The worktable 20 slides outside the fixed protective cover 32, and there is no physical connection between the worktable 20 and the fixed protective cover 32. The fixed protective cover 32 will not collide or interfere with the worktable 20, completely eliminating the problems of pulling, wear, and sealing failure of the fixed protective cover 32 caused by the movement of the worktable 20.

[0025] In other words, in this application, a telescopic protective cover 31 is installed outside the drive shaft, and a fixed protective cover 32 is installed outside the telescopic protective cover 31, with the fixed protective cover 32 passing through the cutout 21 on the worktable 20. This arrangement forms a double layer of protection, improving the reliability of the drive shaft's protection. Furthermore, the fixed protective cover 32 provides physical protection for the telescopic protective cover 31, preventing the adverse effects of chips and graphite powder on the telescopic protective cover 31, thereby increasing the service life of the telescopic protective cover 31 and improving its smooth operation.

[0026] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the worktable 20 includes a mounting portion 22 and a support portion 23. The mounting portion 22 is slidably disposed on the drive shaft, and the support portion 23 covers the outer periphery of the mounting portion 22 and forms a hollow portion 21. The support portion 23 surrounds the mounting portion 22 and forms the hollow portion 21. This design increases the rigidity and stability of the overall structure of the worktable 20, reducing the risk of vibration and deformation during workpiece processing, especially under high speed or heavy load conditions, thus helping to improve processing accuracy. Simultaneously, by setting the support portion 23 to cover the outer periphery of the mounting portion 22, the workpiece mounting area can be effectively expanded without increasing the overall size of the machine tool 100. Furthermore, the design of the hollow portion 21 ensures the necessary range of motion without hindering the installation and operation of the fixed protective cover 32. In addition, in this application, the design of the hollow portion 21 not only provides space for the fixed protective cover 32 to pass through, but also ensures that the protective component 30 can effectively isolate external contaminants without affecting the sliding of the worktable 20, protecting key components such as the drive shaft from damage, thereby extending the service life of the equipment. In actual processing, the worktable 20 can be manufactured as a single piece; or it can be assembled from separate parts. This application does not impose specific limitations; the choice can be made according to actual needs.

[0027] like Figures 3 to 6As shown, the mounting part 22 is provided with a protrusion 221, and the bearing part 23 is provided with a groove 231 that extends through the bearing part 23 along the axial direction of the drive shaft. The protrusion 221 is inserted into the groove 231, and there are gaps between the side wall surface and the bottom surface 2312 of the groove 231 and the protrusion 221. There is a first gap section 211 between the first side wall surface 2311 of the groove 231 and the surface of the protrusion 221 opposite to the first side wall surface 2311. The bottom surface 2312 of the groove 231 corresponds to the bottom surface 2312 of the protrusion 221. There is a second gap section 212 between the surfaces of the groove 231 and the second side wall surface 2313 of the groove 231 and the surface of the protrusion 221 opposite to the second side wall surface 2313. The first gap section 211, the second gap section 212 and the third gap section 213 are connected in sequence to form a hollow part 21. The fixed protective cover 32 is provided with a first flange 321 and a second flange 322 on opposite sides. The first flange 321 is inserted into the first gap section 211 and the second flange 322 is inserted into the third gap section 213.

[0028] Specifically, in this application, the first flange 321 and the second flange 322 of the fixed protective cover 32 are respectively inserted into the first gap section 211 and the third gap section 213, forming a double-sided embedded sealing structure. The fit gap between the first flange 321 and the side wall of the first gap section 211, and between the second flange 322 and the third gap section 213, is extremely small, which can prevent fine chips and coolant from seeping in from both sides of the hollow part 21. At the same time, through the cooperation of the protrusion 221 and the groove 231, the positions of the first gap section 211 and the third gap section 213 are precisely determined. After the first flange 321 and the second flange 322 of the fixed protective cover 32 are respectively inserted into the first gap section 211 and the third gap section 213, the flanges are limited by the gap sections, ensuring that the fixed protective cover 32 is always covered outside the telescopic protective cover 31, avoiding deviation of the protection range or interference with the worktable 20 due to the displacement of the fixed protective cover 32.

[0029] Furthermore, in this application, the groove 231 extends axially along the drive shaft, and the first gap section 211, the second gap section 212, and the third gap section 213 between the protrusion 221 and the groove 231 extend axially synchronously with the groove 231, which can fully adapt to the sliding stroke of the worktable 20. When the worktable 20 slides, the flange of the fixed protective cover 32 is always inserted in the gap section, so that the flange will not disengage from the gap section due to the movement of the worktable 20 (protection failure), nor will the cooperation between the flange and the gap section hinder the sliding of the worktable 20. At the same time, gaps are reserved between the protrusion 221 and the first side wall surface 2311, the second side wall surface 2313, and the bottom surface 2312 of the groove 231, so there is no hard contact. In this way, the vibration or sliding impact generated by the worktable 20 during actual operation will not be directly transmitted to the inner wall of the groove 231 through the protrusion 221, avoiding local stress concentration caused by hard contact of the worktable 20 (such as cracks at the edge of the groove 231 or deformation of the protrusion 221); at the same time, there is also a small gap in the fit between the flange and the gap section, which can buffer the vibration transmitted by the fixed protective cover 32 and prevent the vibration from affecting the sliding accuracy of the worktable 20.

[0030] For example, in this application, the worktable 20 is integrally molded, and the hollowed-out portion 21 is directly formed by the gap between the protrusion 221 and the groove 231. This eliminates the need for an additional independent cavity in the worktable 20, making its structure more compact and reducing processing steps. The flanges of the fixed protective cover 32 can be precisely positioned by inserting them into the first gap section 211 and the third gap section 213, eliminating the need for additional bolts, clips, or other fasteners. This simplifies the assembly process of the fixed protective cover 32 and avoids structural redundancy caused by the space occupied by fasteners. Furthermore, the integral molding of the worktable 20 ensures the parallelism and spacing accuracy of the first gap section 211 and the third gap section 213 during processing, allowing the two flanges of the fixed protective cover 32 to be precisely inserted without subsequent gap adjustments, thus improving assembly efficiency.

[0031] In other words, in this application, the two flanges of the fixed protective cover 32 are inserted into the gap section, and the all-round protective structure greatly reduces the wear and jamming of the drive shaft; it also further extends the service life of the core components on the machine tool 100 (such as the telescopic protective cover 31) and reduces the frequency of maintenance.

[0032] Furthermore, the fixed protective cover 32 also includes a connecting portion 323, which connects the first flange 321 and the second flange 322. Along the radial direction of the drive shaft, the cross-section of the connecting portion 323 is inverted V-shaped, and the bottom surface 2312 of the groove 231 is adapted to the connecting portion 323. It is understood that in this application, the second gap section 212 forms an "enclosed protection" with the first flange 321 and the second flange 322 on both sides. When the fixed protective cover 32 passes through the hollow portion 21 of the worktable 20, a labyrinthine sealing path is formed between the flange of the fixed protective cover 32 and the wall of the groove 231, effectively preventing chips, coolant, dust, etc., from intruding into the drive shaft from the top or side of the worktable 20, ensuring a stable and reliable sealing effect. Moreover, the inverted V-shaped structure improves the structural rigidity and impact resistance of the fixed protective cover 32, preventing the connecting portion 323 from denting or deforming.

[0033] Furthermore, in this application, the cross-section of the connecting portion 323 is inverted V-shaped along the radial direction of the drive shaft, and the bottom surface 2312 of the groove 231 is adapted to the connecting portion 323. This arrangement forms a natural guide slope, allowing chips, coolant, and other contaminants generated during processing to automatically slide down the two sides of the inverted V-shape into the chip removal grooves or collection devices on both sides of the worktable 20, preventing accumulation on the connecting portion 323 of the fixed protective cover 32. Simultaneously, the inverted V-shaped guide slope reduces the pressure of chips on the mating surfaces of the two flanges and the gap section, lowering the risk of increased clearance. Moreover, in this application, the adaptation of the connecting portion 323 to the bottom surface 2312 prevents contaminants from seeping into the drive shaft from the gap between the connecting portion 323 and the bottom surface 2312. In addition, the inverted V-shaped connecting part 323 is close to the bottom surface 2312 of the groove, and the two sides are inclined inward, so that no protruding structure is formed in the sliding direction of the worktable 20, thus avoiding collision and interference with the side wall of the groove 231 or the protrusion 221.

[0034] Furthermore, the first side wall 2311, the second side wall 2313, and the bottom surface 2312 of the groove are all provided with wiping components (not shown in the figure) that flexibly contact the fixed protective cover 32. For example, the wiping components can be flexible scrapers, felt, etc. The wiping components maintain flexible contact with the fixed protective cover 32, and when the worktable 20 reciprocates, they can scrape or clean the outer surface of the fixed protective cover 32, removing adhering substances in real time and preventing contaminants from seeping into the drive shaft area along the gaps. At the same time, the wiping components not only serve a cleaning function but also form a flexible sealing layer, filling the unavoidable small assembly gaps between the flange and the gap section, and between the connecting part 323 and the bottom surface 2312 of the groove, forming a three-level protection system of mechanical gap + flexible sealing + dynamic wiping, significantly improving the overall sealing performance of the machine tool 100. Furthermore, the flexible wiping component can buffer and guide chips, dust, etc., away from the flange and the sidewall of the groove 231, thereby preventing scratches, wear, or corrosion of the fixed protective cover 32. This reduces the frequency of maintenance and improves the availability of the machine tool 100.

[0035] like Figure 1 and Figure 7 As shown, a first protective plate (not shown) and a second protective plate (not shown) are respectively provided at both ends of the drive shaft. The telescopic protective cover 31 includes a first telescopic cover 311 and a second telescopic cover 312. Along the axial direction of the drive shaft, the first telescopic cover 311 and the second telescopic cover 312 are respectively provided on both sides of the worktable 20. Among them, one end of the first telescopic cover 311 is sealed and connected to the first protective plate, and the other end of the first telescopic cover 311 is connected to the worktable 20. One end of the second telescopic cover 312 is sealed and connected to the second protective plate, and the other end of the second telescopic cover 312 is connected to the worktable 20.

[0036] Understandably, this design prevents the internal structure of the machine tool 100 from being exposed, improving its aesthetics. The telescopic protective cover 31 includes a first telescopic cover 311 and a second telescopic cover 312. Along the axis of the drive shaft, the first telescopic cover 311 and the second telescopic cover 312 are respectively positioned on both sides of the worktable 20. This arrangement reduces the impact of the external environment on the interior of the machine tool 100. Specifically, one end of the first telescopic cover 311 is sealed to the first protective plate, reducing the impact of the external environment on the interior of the machine tool 100; the other end of the first telescopic cover 311 is connected to the worktable 20, providing better protection for precision components such as the drive shaft and guide rails. One end of the second telescopic cover 312 is sealed to the second protective plate, reducing the entry of dust from the external environment into the internal cavity of the machine tool 100; the other end of the second telescopic cover 312 is connected to the worktable 20, and both ends enclose the drive shaft on the machine tool 100, enhancing its protection. Connecting with the protective plate on the machine tool 100 can reduce the space occupied on the machine tool 100, and can cover the machine tool 100 to the maximum extent to play a protective role. That is to say, through the combined action of the first telescopic cover 311 and the second telescopic cover 312, dynamic sealing protection of the drive shaft, guide rail, etc., is achieved in the full stroke and full circumference.

[0037] Furthermore, a third protective plate 40 and a fourth protective plate 41 are respectively provided at both ends of the fixed protective cover 32. One end of the fixed protective cover 32 is sealed to the third protective plate 40, and the other end of the fixed protective cover 32 is sealed to the fourth protective plate 41. The provision of the third protective plate 40 and the fourth protective plate 41 at both ends of the fixed protective cover 32, and the sealing connection at these locations, effectively prevents chips, graphite powder, coolant, etc., from entering the machine tool 100 from both ends of the fixed protective cover 32, further enhancing the protection of the drive shaft and the telescopic protective cover 31. At the same time, the third protective plate 40 and the fourth protective plate 41 not only provide a sealing function but also provide additional support for the fixed protective cover 32, enhancing the rigidity and stability of the entire fixed protective cover 32.

[0038] like Figure 1 , Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, a first connector 50 is provided on the first side of the workbench 20, and a second connector 51 is provided on the second side of the workbench 20 opposite to the first side. Both the first connector 50 and the second connector 51 are located between the first telescopic cover 311 and the second telescopic cover 312, and both the first connector 50 and the second connector 51 are connected to the workbench 20, the base 10, the first telescopic cover 311, and the second telescopic cover 312. Specifically, the first connector 50 and the second connector 51 connect the workbench 20 and the base 10 simultaneously, and serve as mounting fulcrums for the first telescopic cover 311 and the second telescopic cover 312. When the workbench 20 slides along the drive shaft, the first telescopic cover 311 and the second telescopic cover 312 are "guided" to extend and retract synchronously through the connectors, avoiding twisting, jamming, excessive stretching, or compression caused by misalignment of the mounting points, and ensuring smooth and reliable extension and retraction. Specifically, in this application, the first connector 50 and the second connector 51 are fixedly connected to the workbench 20 and the first telescopic cover 311 and the second telescopic cover 312, and are slidably connected to the base 10.

[0039] Furthermore, in this application, the first connector 50 and the second connector 51 simultaneously connect the worktable 20, the base 10, and the first telescopic cover 311 and the second telescopic cover 312. The structure of the two connectors fills the connection gap between the worktable 20 and the telescopic cover, and between the base 10 and the telescopic cover, thereby forming a rigid sealing barrier to prevent chips and coolant from seeping into the drive shaft area from these gaps (the connection seam between the telescopic cover and the worktable 20).

[0040] like Figure 2 , Figure 7 as well as Figure 8 As shown, the machine tool 100 includes a first guide plate 60 and a second guide plate 61. Both the first guide plate 60 and the second guide plate 61 are disposed on the base 10 and located on opposite sides of the drive shaft. The first guide plate 60 has a first guide groove 601 extending along the axis of the drive shaft, and the second guide plate 61 has a second guide groove 611 extending along the axis of the drive shaft. The openings of both the first guide groove 601 and the second guide groove 611 face towards the side closest to the bottom of the base 10. A telescopic protective cover 31 is provided with a first hook portion 313 adapted to the first guide groove 601, and a second hook portion 314 adapted to the second guide groove 611. The openings of both the first hook portion 313 and the second hook portion 314 face away from the bottom of the base 10. The first guide groove 601 and the first hook portion 313 cooperate to form a first sealing structure 70, and the second guide groove 611 and the second hook portion 314 cooperate to form a second sealing structure 71.

[0041] Specifically, the tight fit between the first guide groove 601 and the first hook portion 313, and between the second guide groove 611 and the second hook portion 314, forms a mechanical sealing structure. This design effectively prevents chips, coolant, and other contaminants from entering the drive shaft area. Furthermore, the fit between the guide groove and the hook portion not only provides a physical barrier but also creates a labyrinth effect through the sealing structure formed between them. The contact surfaces of the two directly prevent chips, coolant, and other contaminants from seeping into the drive shaft area through the guide gap, further improving sealing performance. The design of the reverse groove forms a labyrinth seal, requiring contaminants to bypass the contact surfaces of the hook portion and the guide groove and then pass through the reverse groove gap to enter the drive shaft area, further increasing the difficulty of penetration.

[0042] Meanwhile, in this application, the first guide groove 601 provided on the first guide plate 60 and the second guide groove 611 provided on the second guide plate 61 provide precise guidance for the telescopic protective cover 31, ensuring that the telescopic protective cover 31 can smoothly unfold or retract during the sliding of the worktable 20, avoiding jamming or displacement. Furthermore, this guiding effect reduces direct contact between the telescopic protective cover 31 and the base 10 or other components, lowering friction and extending the service life of the telescopic protective cover 31.

[0043] Furthermore, in this application, the design of the hook portion of the telescopic protective cover 31 allows for installation via a simple insertion action, eliminating the need for complex adjustment steps and greatly simplifying the assembly process. Simultaneously, the guide groove opening faces the bottom of the base 10, and the hook portion opening faces the side opposite to the bottom of the base 10, forming an inverted limiting structure. This means the hook portion cannot detach from the guide groove opening, and even if the machine tool 100 operates at high speed or experiences strong vibrations, the telescopic protective cover 31 will not separate from the guide plate. If additional anti-detachment components such as clips or bolts are required, the anti-detachment function is achieved through the structure itself, simplifying the connection structure and reducing assembly and maintenance costs.

[0044] Furthermore, in this application, a separate first guide plate 60 and a second guide plate 61 are selected and fixedly mounted on the base 10 on opposite sides of the drive shaft. In this application, the guide groove requires high-precision straightness and groove width tolerance to ensure smooth sliding and sealing of the telescopic protective cover 31. Compared to directly machining the guide groove on the base 10, this arrangement reduces machining difficulty and avoids damage to the base 10 structure, thereby ensuring the installation accuracy of the drive shaft. Moreover, since the guide groove is a high-frequency friction component, using guide plates on the base 10 facilitates disassembly and replacement after long-term use, reducing maintenance costs. It is worth noting that in this application, the guide plates and the base 10 are tightly fitted without gaps, thus preventing graphite powder from entering the base 10 through gaps and adversely affecting components such as the drive shaft and guide rails.

[0045] like Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the first connector 50 is provided with a third hook 501 on the side near the bottom of the base 10, which is adapted to the first guide groove 601. The opening of the third hook 501 faces away from the bottom of the base 10. The third hook 501 and the first guide groove 601 cooperate to form a third sealing structure 72. The second connector 51 is provided with a fourth hook 511 on the side near the bottom of the base 10. The opening of the fourth hook 511 faces away from the bottom of the base 10. The fourth hook 511 and the second guide groove 611 cooperate to form a fourth sealing structure 73.

[0046] Specifically, in this application, the third hook 501 is positioned between the hooks of the two telescopic protective covers and the guide groove. This not only restricts the lateral swing of the hooks of the first telescopic cover 311 and the second telescopic cover 312 within the guide groove, preventing uneven loading of the two telescopic covers, where one side is close to the guide groove and the other side is far away, but also constrains the relative position of the connector and the two telescopic covers, ensuring that when the workbench 20 drives the two telescopic covers to extend and retract through the connector, the movement trajectories of the three are completely consistent, preventing the telescopic covers from twisting or jamming.

[0047] Simultaneously, a third sealing structure 72 is formed between the third hook portion 501 and the first guide groove 601, and a fourth sealing structure 73 is formed between the fourth hook portion 511 and the second guide groove 611. The third sealing structure 72 and the fourth sealing structure 73 form a labyrinth structure, enhancing the sealing performance and greatly improving the protective effect. Specifically, the connector, as the connecting bridge between the workbench 20 and the two telescopic covers, also becomes a moving part that needs to be sealed. The third hook portion 501 and the fourth hook portion 511 ensure that their bottoms are also sealed to the base 10 in the same way as the telescopic protective cover 31 (hook-groove fit), completely sealing off the gaps at the drive shaft guide rails where chips, graphite powder, and coolant can enter the interior of the base 10. This means that from the side of the workbench 20, through the connector, to the telescopic protective cover 31, the entire lower edge of this complete moving sidewall is sealed to the base 10 through the same hook-groove sealing system, achieving a continuous and consistent labyrinth seal.

[0048] Furthermore, the telescopic protective cover 31 includes a bellows-style protective cover, which is lightweight and has minimal impact on the machine tool 100. In addition, bellows-style protective covers have a wide range of applications, and since there are no metal parts inside, there is no concern that loose parts could cause serious damage to the machine tool 100 during operation. The fixed protective cover 32 includes an integrated steel plate protective cover, which is made of robust steel plate and has extremely high mechanical strength and durability. It can effectively resist the risk of damage caused by harsh working conditions such as heavy object impacts and flying chips, thus protecting the bellows-style protective cover installed inside it. It can be understood that in this application, the bellows cover and the integrated steel plate cover are used. The bellows cover is responsible for the protection of the dynamic part and moves with the worktable 20 to ensure the continuity of the movement. The integrated steel plate cover provides a solid barrier for the static area. The two complement each other and achieve seamless protection from stillness to movement. This not only provides double protection for the drive shaft, but also extends the service life of the bellows cover and improves its smooth operation.

[0049] As can be seen from the above description, the embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects: This application provides a perforated section 21 on the workbench 20, a telescopic protective cover 31 is installed on the base 10 and covers the outside of the drive shaft, and a fixed protective cover 32 passes through the perforated section 21 and covers the outside of the telescopic protective cover 31. This can prevent the telescopic protective cover 31 from being punctured or scratched by the hard impact / scratching of the processing debris, thereby greatly extending the service life of the telescopic protective cover 31 and improving the smooth operation of the telescopic protective cover 31.

[0050] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0051] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0052] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A machine tool, characterized in that, include: A base (10) is provided with a drive shaft; A worktable (20) is slidably disposed on the drive shaft. A hollow part (21) is provided on the worktable (20), and the hollow part (21) extends along the movement direction of the worktable (20). The protective component (30) includes a telescopic protective cover (31) and a fixed protective cover (32). The telescopic protective cover (31) is installed on the base (10) and covers the outside of the drive shaft. The fixed protective cover (32) passes through the hollow part (21) and is installed on the base (10), and covers the outside of the telescopic protective cover (31).

2. The machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The workbench (20) includes a mounting part (22) and a support part (23). The mounting part (22) is slidably disposed on the drive shaft, and the support part (23) covers the outer periphery of the mounting part (22) and surrounds it to form the hollow part (21).

3. The machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mounting part (22) is provided with a protrusion (221), and the bearing part (23) is provided with a groove (231) that passes through the bearing part (23) along the axial direction of the drive shaft. The protrusion (221) is inserted into the groove (231), and there is a gap between the side wall surface and the bottom surface (2312) of the groove (231) and the protrusion (221). A first gap section (211) is formed between the first sidewall (2311) of the groove (231) and the surface of the protrusion (221) opposite to the first sidewall (2311). A second gap section (212) is formed between the bottom surface (2312) of the groove (231) and the surface of the protrusion (221) opposite to the bottom surface (2312). A third gap section (213) is formed between the second sidewall (2313) of the groove (231) and the surface of the protrusion (221) opposite to the second sidewall (2313). The first gap section (211), the second gap section (212), and the third gap section (213) are connected in sequence to form the hollow part (21). The fixed protective cover (32) has a first flange (321) and a second flange (322) on opposite sides. The first flange (321) is inserted into the first gap section (211), and the second flange (322) is inserted into the third gap section (213).

4. The machine tool according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fixed protective cover (32) also includes a connecting part (323), which is used to connect the first flange (321) and the second flange (322). Along the radial direction of the drive shaft, the cross-section of the connecting part (323) is inverted V-shaped, and the bottom surface (2312) of the groove (231) is adapted to the connecting part (323).

5. The machine tool according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first side wall (2311), the second side wall (2313), and the bottom surface of the groove (2312) are all provided with wiping components that flexibly contact the fixed protective cover (32).

6. The machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive shaft is provided with a first protective plate and a second protective plate at both ends. The telescopic protective cover (31) includes a first telescopic cover (311) and a second telescopic cover (312). Along the axial direction of the drive shaft, the first telescopic cover (311) and the second telescopic cover (312) are respectively provided on both sides of the worktable (20). Wherein, one end of the first telescopic cover (311) is sealed to the first protective plate, and the other end of the first telescopic cover (311) is connected to the workbench (20); one end of the second telescopic cover (312) is sealed to the second protective plate, and the other end of the second telescopic cover (312) is connected to the workbench (20); and / or, The fixed protective cover (32) is provided with a third protective plate (40) and a fourth protective plate (41) at both ends respectively. One end of the fixed protective cover (32) is sealed to the third protective plate (40), and the other end of the fixed protective cover (32) is sealed to the fourth protective plate (41).

7. The machine tool according to claim 6, characterized in that, A first connector (50) is provided on the first side of the workbench (20), and a second connector (51) is provided on the second side of the workbench (20) opposite to the first side. The first connector (50) and the second connector (51) are both located between the first telescopic cover (311) and the second telescopic cover (312), and the first connector (50) and the second connector (51) are both connected to the workbench (20), the base (10), the first telescopic cover (311) and the second telescopic cover (312).

8. The machine tool according to claim 7, characterized in that, The machine tool (100) includes a first guide plate (60) and a second guide plate (61). The first guide plate (60) and the second guide plate (61) are both disposed on the base (10) and located on opposite sides of the drive shaft. The first guide plate (60) is provided with a first guide groove (601) extending along the axis of the drive shaft, and the second guide plate (61) is provided with a second guide groove (611) extending along the axis of the drive shaft. The openings of the first guide groove (601) and the second guide groove (611) are both oriented towards the side close to the bottom of the base (10). The telescopic protective cover (31) is provided with a first hook part (313) adapted to the first guide groove (601), and the telescopic protective cover (31) is also provided with a second hook part (314) adapted to the second guide groove (611). The openings of the first hook part (313) and the second hook part (314) are both facing the side away from the bottom of the base (10). The first guide groove (601) and the first hook (313) cooperate to form a first sealing structure (70), and the second guide groove (611) and the second hook (314) cooperate to form a second sealing structure (71).

9. The machine tool according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first connector (50) is provided with a third hook (501) on the side near the bottom of the base (10) that is adapted to the first guide groove (601). The opening of the third hook (501) faces the side away from the bottom of the base (10). The third hook (501) and the first guide groove (601) cooperate to form a third sealing structure (72). The second connector (51) is provided with a fourth hook (511) on one side near the bottom of the base (10). The opening of the fourth hook (511) faces away from the bottom of the base (10). The fourth hook (511) cooperates with the second guide groove (611) to form a fourth sealing structure (73).

10. The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The telescopic protective cover (31) includes a bellows cover; and / or, The fixed protective cover (32) includes an integrated steel plate protective cover.

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