Method for growing non-fullerene acceptor molecule single crystal based on co-crystallization and application of non-fullerene acceptor molecule single crystal

Abstract

The invention discloses a co-crystallization-based non-fullerene acceptor molecule single crystal growth method, which comprises: mixing non-fullerene acceptor molecules and an additive to obtain a precursor solution, spin-coating the precursor solution on a substrate to form a uniform film, and carrying out solvent volatilization and crystal self-assembly to obtain the non-fullerene acceptor molecule single crystal, the additive is one of 2, 6-dibromo-4, 8-bis [(2-butyl-n-octyl) oxy] benzo [1, 2-b: 4, 5-b '] dithiophene (namely an additive A1), 4, 8-dioctyloxy-benzodithiophene (namely an additive A2), and 4, 8-bis [(2-ethylhexyl) oxy] benzo [1, 2-b: 4, 5-b'] dithiophene (namely an additive A3). According to the invention, by introducing the additive, the additive actively participates in lattice formation and establishes a novel configuration coupling effect with non-fullerene acceptor molecules to form eutecticum (YACs), so that the high-quality organic single crystal is obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of organic optoelectronic materials technology, specifically to a method and application of co-crystallization growth of non-fullerene acceptor molecular single crystals. Background Technology

[0002] Compared to amorphous organic materials, organic single crystals with ordered molecular stacking structures exhibit superior multidimensional optoelectronic properties, including enhanced carrier mobility, excellent photoresponse characteristics, and precise measurement and analysis of crystal structure. Therefore, they have broad application prospects in the field of micro- and nano-electronic devices and also provide a unique platform for fundamental research on the interaction between light and matter. The growth of organic single crystals mainly relies on liquid-phase and gas-phase methods. In the liquid-phase method, molecules reach a supersaturated state through solvent evaporation, thereby inducing crystallization. For example, Grzybowski and his team reported an optimized method for single crystal growth using polyelectrolyte solutions and shear flow, a process that requires a solvent environment (Nature 579, 73-79 (2020)). In the gas-phase method, crystal growth is achieved through high-temperature evaporation and deposition. For instance, Thomas J. Kempa and his team proposed directly growing high-quality metal-organic framework (MOF) single crystals using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technology (Nature Communications 11, 5524 (2020)). In fact, researchers have also developed a liquid-gas combined method for synthesizing two-dimensional organic transverse heterocrystalline materials.

[0003] However, traditional growth methods (including liquid-phase and gas-phase methods) face many challenges for some complex organic molecules designed to integrate multiple functions—these molecules have low decomposition temperatures, and long side chains can hinder the crystallization process. Y6, a star non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) in the photovoltaic field, has a molecular structure centered on TPBT (TPBT stands for "dithienothiophene[3.2-b]-pyrrolobenzothiadiazole based on a 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BT) core"). The complex molecular structure of Y6 is designed to integrate multiple functions, including a narrow optical bandgap, high absorption coefficient, and good solubility in common solvents. Inspired by these advantages, researchers have reported various Y6-type NFAs. These materials not only exhibit excellent photoelectric properties but also greatly promote the development of organic photovoltaics (OPV). However, due to the technical difficulties in the high-quality, large-scale growth of Y6 and Y6-type single crystals, their photoelectric potential has not yet been fully explored. Traditional growth methods face two major limitations: (1) In gas phase growth, the high temperature environment will cause molecular thermal decomposition, which will hinder crystal growth; (2) In liquid phase growth, the steric hindrance generated by long side chains will interfere with the crystallization process.

[0004] Meanwhile, in the field of organic photovoltaics (OPV), the molecular stacking pattern within the photoactive layer plays a crucial role in regulating device performance parameters such as power conversion efficiency (PCE). This is because the molecular stacking configuration directly affects the intermolecular charge transfer paths and dynamic processes. Currently, related research mainly relies on macroscopic characterization techniques (specifically, grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS)) to probe the overall orderliness in thin films. However, a key issue remains: a fundamental research gap exists in this field—the precise molecular stacking geometry remains unclear due to the lack of suitable large-scale single crystals for structural verification.

[0005] To address this challenge, co-crystallization growth, previously used primarily in drug crystal engineering, has been applied to assist single-crystal growth. Co-crystals consist of two or more different molecular components, achieving stability through supramolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking. For structurally complex molecules like Y6 and Y6-type non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), co-crystallization growth has become an efficient strategy for preparing high-quality, large-scale organic single crystals. Key technologies such as solvent evaporation, melt crystallization, and mechanochemical synthesis are widely used in the co-crystallization process. For example, Dominik Cinčić's team achieved eutectic growth through the bonding interactions between halogens and phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony, and elucidated its solid-state assembly mechanism by combining experimental observations and theoretical analysis (Nature Communications 10, 61 (2019)). Xutang Tao's team developed a micro-spacing sublimation method in air for the growth of organic eutectic crystals, which can achieve precise control of crystal morphology and rapid growth (Nature Communications 10, 761 (2019).; Journal of the American Chemical Society 146, 11592-11598 (2024).).

[0006] These successful cases demonstrate that co-crystallization growth is an effective strategy for obtaining organic single crystals with complex structures and multifunctional properties. Therefore, a method for preparing non-fullerene acceptor molecular single crystals based on co-crystallization growth can be sought to solve the existing problems in the growth of Y6 and Y6-type single crystals. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a method for growing non-fullerene acceptor molecules single crystals based on co-crystallization. By introducing an additive containing benzodithiophene, the additive actively participates in the crystal lattice formation and establishes a novel configurational coupling with the non-fullerene acceptor molecules to form co-crystallization (YACs), thereby obtaining high-quality organic single crystals.

[0008] A method for growing non-fullerene acceptor molecule single crystals based on co-crystallization includes the following steps: A precursor solution was obtained by mixing non-fullerene acceptor molecules and additives. The precursor solution was spin-coated onto a substrate to form a uniform thin film. Solvent evaporation and crystal self-assembly were then carried out to obtain a single crystal of non-fullerene acceptor molecules. The additive is one of 2,6-dibromo-4,8-bis[(2-butyl-n-octyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (i.e., additive A1), 4,8-dioctyloxy-benzodithiophene (i.e., additive A2), and 4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (i.e., additive A3).

[0009] In this invention, the structure of the additive is as follows: Non-fullerene acceptor molecules (NFAs, such as Y6-type NFAs) suffer from low thermal decomposition temperatures and steric hindrance caused by long side chains, making high-quality single-crystal growth impossible using traditional gas-phase and liquid-phase growth methods. This invention introduces an additive that actively participates in lattice formation, establishing a novel configurational coupling with the non-fullerene acceptor molecules to form co-crystals (YACs), thereby obtaining high-quality organic single crystals. This co-crystallization behavior is fundamentally different from traditional organic crystal growth methods. Single-crystal structure analysis shows that the additive acts as a "bridging template": through the π-π stacking configurational coupling between the newly formed non-fullerene acceptor molecules and the additive, it guides the non-fullerene acceptor molecules to achieve ordered stacking. Simultaneously, the additive's participation increases the intermolecular distance, accommodating the long side chains of the non-fullerene acceptor molecules while reducing their steric hindrance effect.

[0010] The additives selected in this invention are oily at both room temperature and crystal self-assembly temperature, providing an optimal dynamic environment that allows non-fullerene acceptor molecules to migrate freely and self-assemble, ultimately promoting the formation of YACs.

[0011] Preferably, the non-fullerene receptor molecule is an AD-A'-DA type axially symmetric non-fullerene receptor molecule or a D-A'-D type centrosymmetric non-fullerene receptor molecule.

[0012] In this context, A and A' represent electron acceptor units with the same or different structures, and D represents electron donor units.

[0013] More preferably, the AD-A'-DA type axially symmetric non-fullerene receptor molecule is at least one of COTIC-4F, Y6-BO, BTP-eC9, Y7, and Y6; and the D-A'-D type centrosymmetric non-fullerene receptor molecule is at least one of ITIC, ITIC-M, ITIC-4F, ITIC-4Cl, ITIC-Th, and IDIC.

[0014] Preferably, the mass-to-volume ratio of non-fullerene acceptor molecules to additives in the precursor solution is 1~2:1~5 mg / μL.

[0015] Preferably, the substrate is at least one of SiO2 / Si, quartz, glass, indium tin oxide coated glass (ITO), polyimide (PI), aluminum foil, capillary, and silicon gate.

[0016] Preferably, the temperature for crystal self-assembly is 70~90 ℃ and the time is 2~18 h.

[0017] More preferably, the crystal self-assembly temperature is 80 °C and the time is 2~4 h.

[0018] The present invention also provides a non-fullerene acceptor molecular single crystal prepared by the above method.

[0019] Preferably, the non-fullerene acceptor molecule single crystal is in the form of a two-dimensional sheet or a one-dimensional strip.

[0020] More preferably, the two-dimensional sheet has a length of 1~2000 μm and a thickness of 18~341 nm, and the one-dimensional strip has a length of 1~1500 μm and a thickness of 17~327 nm.

[0021] This invention also provides applications of the aforementioned non-fullerene acceptor molecular single crystals in polarization-sensitive optoelectronic devices and organic nonlinear optical materials. The non-fullerene acceptor molecular single crystals (YACs) prepared by this invention exhibit excellent polarization sensitivity and optical rotation response characteristics, and realize single-pixel imaging. Furthermore, all YACs exhibit a strong second harmonic generation (SHG) response, which is polarization-dependent, making them suitable for polarization-sensitive optoelectronic devices and organic nonlinear optical materials.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: In this invention, additives are introduced that actively participate in lattice formation, establishing novel configurational coupling with non-fullerene acceptor molecules to form eutectic crystals (YACs), thereby obtaining high-quality organic single crystals. The selected additives are oily at both room temperature and crystal self-assembly temperature, providing an optimal dynamic environment that allows non-fullerene acceptor molecules to migrate freely and self-assemble, ultimately promoting the formation of YACs. The non-fullerene acceptor molecule single crystals (YACs) obtained in this invention exhibit excellent polarization sensitivity and optical rotation response characteristics, achieving single-pixel imaging. Furthermore, the YACs all exhibit a strong second harmonic generation (SHG) response, which is polarization-dependent, making them suitable for polarization-sensitive optoelectronic devices and organic nonlinear optical materials. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the non-fullerene acceptor co-crystallization growth strategy, where a is the molecular structure of Y6; b is the molecular structure of the additive 4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene.

[0024] Figure 2 The images show the structure and morphology of the non-fullerene acceptor molecular single crystals (YACs) prepared in Example 1, where a is a microscope image of YACs, b and c are afm height test images of YACs, and d is a structural diagram of the packing arrangement of Y6 molecules and additives obtained by analyzing the single crystals.

[0025] Figure 3 The image shows the morphology of the grown non-fullerene acceptor molecular single crystals (YACs), where a~n are images of growth in Examples 14, 20, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 13, and 12, respectively.

[0026] Figure 4 The image shows the photoelectric performance test results of the non-fullerene acceptor molecular single crystal prepared in Example 8, where a and b are the polarization photoelectric response test results and the second harmonic generation (SHG) characterization diagram, respectively.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a microscope image of Comparative Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0029] All raw materials used in this invention are commercially available, including non-fullerene acceptor molecules (ITIC-Th (CAS No. 1889344-13-1), IDIC (CAS No. 1883441-92-6), Y7 (CAS No. 2414918-25-3), Y6 (CAS No. 2304444-49-1), ITIC-4Cl (CAS No. 2253663-81-7), and ITIC (CAS No. 1). The following products were purchased from Shanghai Weizhu: 664293-06-4, Y6-BO (CAS No. 2389125-23-7), COTIC-4F (CAS No. 2328118-91-6), IT-M (CAS No. 2047352-86-1), BTP-eC9 (CAS No. 2598965-39-8), and ITIC-4F (CAS No. 2097998-59-7). Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., with a purity of 99%; 2,6-dibromo-4,8-bis[(2-butyl-n-octyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (hereinafter referred to as Additive A1), CAS No. 1336893-15-2, purchased from Shanghai Hao Hong Biological Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., with a purity ≥97%; 4,8-dioctyloxy-benzodithiophene (hereinafter referred to as Additive A2), CAS No. 1098102-94-3, purchased from Shanghai Maclin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., with a purity of ≥97%; and 4,8-dioctyloxy-benzodithiophene (hereinafter referred to as Additive A2), CAS No. 1098102-94-3. The following substances were purchased from Titan Technology Exploration Platform: 4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (hereinafter referred to as Additive A3), CAS No. 1160823-77-7; and chloroform (also known as chloroform, abbreviated CF, CAS No.: 67-66-3, molecular formula: CHCl3, analytical grade), purchased from Shanghai Lingfeng Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., with a purity of 98%; 4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (hereinafter referred to as Additive A3), CAS No. 1160823-77-7; and chloroform (also known as chloroform, abbreviated CF, CAS No.: 67-66-3, molecular formula: CHCl3, analytical grade), purchased from Shanghai Lingfeng Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.

[0030] Example 1 (1) Dissolve 2 mg Y6 in 100 μL of chloroform, add 2 μL of additive A3 (4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene), place on a magnetic stirrer, and stir at 1200 r / min until completely dissolved to obtain a precursor solution; (2) Take 10 μL of the precursor solution obtained in step (1) and add it to the surface of the pretreated SiO2 / Si substrate. Spin coat it at 4000 r / min for 60 seconds to form a uniform film. (3) Place the spin-coated substrate on an 80 ℃ constant temperature table for 2 h to promote solvent evaporation and crystal self-assembly. After the crystal has grown completely, rinse with ethanol to obtain a non-fullerene acceptor molecule co-crystal.

[0031] Examples 2-21 The preparation method is the same as in Example 1, with the differences shown in the table below.

[0032] Table 1: Differences in preparation methods of Examples 1-21 Comparative Example 1 The preparation method is the same as in Example 1, except that no additives are added, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the molecule exhibits no polarization photoelectric response and second harmonic generation (SHG) as tested.

[0033] Sample Analysis I. Schematic diagram of the growth strategy for non-fullerene acceptor cocrystals (YACs) Y6 (chemical full name: 2,2'-[(2Z,2'Z)-[(12,13-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,9-bisundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]thiadiazo[3,4-e]thieno[2'',3'':4',5']thieno[2',3':4,5]pyrrolo[3,2-g]thieno[2',3':4,5]thieno[3,2-b]indol-2,10-diyl)bis(methylene)]bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2,1-diylidene)]dimalonidium) is a typical NFA in the field of organic photovoltaics. Due to its optimal optical band gap, low exciton binding energy, and high carrier mobility, it was selected as the target molecule for co-crystallization growth. Figure 1 (a) In the study, 4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene was selected as a structure-directing additive ( Figure 1 (b) In this method, Y6-based eutectic crystals were successfully grown to further explore their photoelectric properties. This method differs fundamentally from traditional organic crystal growth methods: the additives actively participate in crystal formation through π-π stacking interactions, becoming part of the overall crystal structure, and ultimately forming a new type of single crystal (Y6-additive eutectic crystals, or YACs for short).

[0034] Traditional single-crystal growth of organic materials mainly relies on gas-phase and liquid-phase methods. However, these methods have fundamental limitations for NFA molecules used in photovoltaics—these molecules typically have low thermal decomposition temperatures, and their long side chains create steric hindrance. Gas-phase growth is difficult to achieve due to molecular thermal instability; in liquid-phase growth, side-chain interference generated during solvent evaporation and supersaturation leads to disordered molecular packing, similarly hindering crystal growth. To overcome these challenges, this research developed a co-crystallization growth strategy by introducing structure-directing additives. This strategy not only establishes novel configurational couplings but also alleviates the hindering effect of side chains on molecular order.

[0035] II. Structural and Morphological Characterization of Non-Fullerene Acceptor Cocrystals (YACs) YACs prepared in Example 1 were selected as the test object. Observation by polarization optical microscopy revealed that the YACs grown on the SiO2 / Si substrate exhibited a clearly defined striped structure, and showed color differences due to anisotropic light scattering effects. Figure 2 (a) The observed smooth surface and straight edges indicate that the YACs have high crystal quality, and their thickness was measured to be 341 nm. Figure 2 (c) Statistical analysis shows that the length distribution center of YACs is about 450 μm (Lorentz fit), while the observed maximum length can reach 1500 μm.

[0036] The π-π stacking interaction between Y6 and the additive occurs between the benzene ring at the end of the Y6 molecule, which is connected to two fluorine atoms, and the benzene ring at the center of the additive molecule. YACs use their center of symmetry as their symmetry element. Figure 2 In the process described in section d), Y6 first couples with the additives to form basic structural units, which are then arranged in a back-to-back, stepped stacking manner. π-π stacking is a key factor determining crystal growth.

[0037] III. Universality of NFA, Additives, and Substrates The crystal morphology of the non-fullerene acceptor molecular single crystals (YACs) grown in Examples 2-14 and 20 was observed using microscopes at different magnifications.

[0038] Figure 3Figure 'a' shows the morphology and growth behavior of YACs grown on a quartz substrate in Example 14, which is similar to the YACs grown on a SiO2 / Si substrate in Example 1, exhibiting similar strip and sheet-like structures. Furthermore, the co-crystallization method of this invention can successfully grow YACs with similar structures on various other substrates, including glass, indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass, polyimide (PI), and aluminum foil substrates, indicating its potential for device integration and large-scale fabrication, demonstrating excellent substrate compatibility. Notably, YACs can also grow along the inner wall of capillaries with diameters of 1.12 mm and 0.50 mm (i.e., growth along the inner wall), maintaining their crystal structure even in curved configurations. This characteristic demonstrates two key advantages: (1) growth within confined microspaces; and (2) the mechanical flexibility of the YACs themselves.

[0039] Parallel-oriented growth of YACs can be achieved by guiding the distribution of precursors on a Si substrate with parallel nanogratings through the confinement effect of micro- and nanostructures. Figure 3 (b) in the middle.

[0040] To systematically evaluate the universality of additive-directed crystallization for NFA materials, this growth method has been successfully extended to various material systems, including: AD-A'-DA type axially symmetric NFAs (COTIC-4F, Y6-BO, BTP-eC9, Y7) Figure 3 c, h, i, d), and D-A'-D type centrosymmetric NFAs (ITIC, ITIC-M, ITIC-4F, ITIC-4Cl, ITIC-Th, IDIC) Figure 3 The f, g, l, k, j, and e components—these materials have significantly driven the development of the organic photovoltaic (OPV) field. These crystals exhibit different morphologies such as blocky, strip, and sheet-like forms, which is attributed to their unique molecular packing configurations and intermolecular coupling effects.

[0041] Under the same conditions, 2,6-dibromo-4,8-bis[(2-butyl-n-octyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (i.e., additive A1) and 4,8-dioctyloxy-benzodithiophene (i.e., additive A2) were also selected as additives for YACs growth. A1 was a viscous liquid at both room temperature and 80 °C, while A2 was solid at room temperature but transformed into a viscous liquid at 80 °C. Both additives possessed suitable packing sites. Growth results showed that both additives could induce the formation of high-quality YACs single crystals. Figure 3 (m, n in the text).

[0042] IV. Photoelectric Performance Testing of Non-Fullerene Acceptor Cocrystals (YACs) The research focuses on the optoelectronic properties of Y6 and YACs, specifically polarization photoelectric response and second harmonic generation. Polarization photoelectric response is a hallmark characteristic of organic crystals, and related research is quite extensive, showing broad application prospects in multidimensional optical detection technology. At room temperature, angle-resolved polarization (PL) spectroscopy measurements using linearly polarized light excitation revealed a significant angle dependence of the PL peak intensity, exhibiting a distinct dichroism characteristic of anisotropic optical transitions (e.g., ...). Figure 4 (As shown in a). Second harmonic generation (SHG) is a key nonlinear optical process that doubles the incident light frequency, enabling efficient frequency conversion and high-power laser generation. This invention employs the back-reflection SHG measurement method to characterize the second-order nonlinear optical response of YACs (e.g., as shown in a). Figure 4 (As shown in b). When excited by a 1030 nm femtosecond laser, the IT-M-based YACs sample exhibits a strong emission peak at 515 nm.

[0043] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for growing non-fullerene acceptor molecular single crystals based on co-crystallization, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A precursor solution was obtained by mixing non-fullerene acceptor molecules and additives. The precursor solution was spin-coated onto a substrate to form a uniform thin film. Solvent evaporation and crystal self-assembly were then carried out to obtain a single crystal of non-fullerene acceptor molecules. The additive is one of 2,6-dibromo-4,8-bis[(2-butyl-n-octyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene, 4,8-dioctyloxy-benzodithiophene, and 4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene.

2. The method for growing non-fullerene acceptor molecular single crystals based on co-crystallization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The non-fullerene receptor molecule is either an AD-A'-DA type axially symmetric non-fullerene receptor molecule or a D-A'-D type centrosymmetric non-fullerene receptor molecule.

3. The method for growing non-fullerene acceptor molecular single crystals based on co-crystallization according to claim 2, characterized in that, The AD-A'-DA type axially symmetric non-fullerene receptor molecule is at least one of COTIC-4F, Y6-BO, BTP-eC9, Y7, and Y6; the D-A'-D type centrosymmetric non-fullerene receptor molecule is at least one of ITIC, ITIC-M, ITIC-4F, ITIC-4Cl, ITIC-Th, and IDIC.

4. The method for growing non-fullerene acceptor molecular single crystals based on co-crystallization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass-to-volume ratio of non-fullerene acceptor molecules to additives in the precursor solution is 1~2:1~5 mg / μL.

5. The method for growing non-fullerene acceptor molecular single crystals based on co-crystallization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The substrate is at least one of SiO2 / Si, quartz, glass, indium tin oxide coated glass, polyimide, and aluminum foil.

6. The method for growing non-fullerene acceptor molecular single crystals based on co-crystallization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crystal self-assembly temperature is 70~90 ℃ and the time is 2~18 h.

7. The non-fullerene acceptor single crystal prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The non-fullerene acceptor molecule single crystal according to claim 7, characterized in that, The non-fullerene acceptor molecule single crystal is in the form of two-dimensional sheets or one-dimensional strips.

9. The non-fullerene acceptor molecule single crystal according to claim 8, characterized in that, The two-dimensional sheet has a length of 1~2000 μm and a thickness of 18~341 nm, while the one-dimensional strip has a length of 1~1500 μm and a thickness of 17~327 nm.

10. The application of the non-fullerene acceptor molecular single crystal according to any one of claims 7 to 9 in polarization-sensitive optoelectronic devices and organic nonlinear optical materials.

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