Teaching building water supply and drainage construction process

Abstract

The invention discloses a teaching building water supply and drainage construction process, and relates to the technical field of water supply and drainage construction, and the teaching building water supply and drainage construction process comprises the following steps: S1, preparation before construction, S2, bracket manufacturing and mounting, S3, pipeline prefabrication and mounting: prefabrication and mounting of a drainage plastic pipe, a steel-plastic composite pipe water supply pipe, a stainless steel pipe and a flexible interface mechanism drainage cast iron pipe respectively, and S4, system test and acceptance. S5, valve and accessory installation; S6, floor drain and cleaning opening installation; S7, water supply system disinfection; and S8, completion delivery and data filing. Through the steps S1 to S8, according to different functional requirements of teaching building water supply and drainage, classified prefabrication and special installation processes are adopted for drainage plastic pipes, steel-plastic composite pipe water supply pipes, stainless steel pipes and flexible connector mechanism drainage cast iron pipes, and meanwhile multi-pipe special treatment and key part reinforcement design are adopted; the system can adapt to the complex working conditions of multiple floors and multiple water consumption points of a teaching building, pipeline abrasion, leakage and structural deformation are effectively resisted, the service life of a water supply and drainage system is prolonged, and the requirements of multiple scenes are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water supply and drainage construction technology, and in particular to the water supply and drainage construction process for teaching buildings. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of teaching buildings, the water supply and drainage system is the core infrastructure that ensures the daily water and sewage discharge for teachers and students. Its operational stability, water safety, and ease of operation and maintenance are directly related to the teaching order and the quality of life of teachers and students. Teaching buildings are characterized by dense population, a large number of daily water users, diverse water usage scenarios, classroom cleaning, toilets, laboratories, canteens, etc., and complex floor distribution, mostly multi-story or super high-rise buildings. This places high demands on the pressure resistance, sealing, impact resistance, and water quality safety of the water supply and drainage system.

[0003] The current construction techniques for water supply and drainage in teaching buildings are ill-suited to the needs of densely populated areas and diverse usage scenarios. The selection of pipe materials and installation processes lack specificity; for example, drainage plastic pipes are only bonded with a single adhesive without additional rubber rings for sealing, making the joints prone to leakage due to temperature changes or vibration. When steel-plastic composite pipes pass through walls and floors, only ordinary sleeves are used without waterproof sealing, allowing rainwater or groundwater to easily seep in, causing pipe corrosion and floor leaks. In high-rise buildings, the bottom bends of drainage risers are subjected to water flow impact but lack specialized reinforcement, relying solely on conventional pipe clamps for fixation, leading to displacement, loosening of clamps, and even pipe rupture, severely impacting system stability. Safety management procedures are inadequate; water supply system disinfection lacks standardized operations, with some systems only undergoing simple rinsing; waterproofing design and maintenance are insufficient, and the pre-drainage of floor drains and cleanout openings is rudimentary. Therefore, a new construction technique for water supply and drainage in teaching buildings is needed to address these problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a construction process for water supply and drainage in teaching buildings, comprising the following construction techniques: S1. Pre-construction preparation: Erect temporary facilities, organize materials, machinery and personnel to enter the site, and conduct safety and technical briefings. Among them, the diameter, wall thickness and nominal pressure of pipes and fittings must be checked to ensure they are consistent with the design requirements. Before installation, the pipe ends must be properly sealed. S2. Bracket fabrication and installation: Fabricate brackets according to design requirements, install them after anti-corrosion treatment, ensure bracket positions are accurate and buried flat and firmly, and if the contact between pipe clamps and pipes is a metal clamp, use plastic tape or rubber to separate them. S3. Pipe Prefabrication and Installation: Prefabrication and installation of drainage plastic pipes, steel-plastic composite water supply pipes, stainless steel pipes, and flexible joint machine-made drainage cast iron pipes are carried out respectively. S4. System Testing and Acceptance: After the water supply pipeline is installed, a water pressure test is conducted. After the drainage pipeline is installed, a water filling test is conducted. After the test is passed, the system is accepted by zone, section, and item. After the acceptance is passed, the sewage and rainwater pipe inlets and outlets are treated. S5. Valve and accessory installation: Fully understand the drawings and design intent. Draw empty views for nodes with complex and intersecting pipelines and concentrated accessories, arrange them reasonably, check whether all materials and equipment have arrived, and verify the certificates of conformity. Prevent unqualified materials from being used in the project to avoid affecting the quality. Keep good records of material and equipment acceptance upon arrival. Before installation, a strength and tightness test should be performed on the valve. The test should be conducted on 10% of each batch, with a minimum of one valve. For closed-circuit valves installed on the main riser that serve as shut-off valves, a strength and tightness test should be performed on each valve individually.

[0005] Preferably, the following construction techniques are also included: S6. Installation of floor drains and cleanout openings: During structural construction, according to the secondary detailed design drawings, reserve the floor slab holes required for the installation of floor drains and cleanout openings. During the initial renovation, after verifying that the locations of the floor drains and cleanouts reserved in the structural construction are correct, the drain pipes and other drainage pipe sections are connected to the drainage branch pipes, and then the floor drains and cleanouts are initially fixed. After the water filling test of this section of the pipeline system is completed, the gaps between the edge of the reserved hole and the floor drain and cleaning port are sealed, and then the decoration unit carries out the construction of the subbase, waterproof layer and leveling layer. S7. Water supply system disinfection: After flushing the water supply pipes, disinfect them by leaving water containing 20-30 mg of free chlorine per liter in the pipes for more than 24 hours, and then flush them with domestic water. S8. Completion and Delivery and Documentation: Complete pipeline calibration, plugging, pipeline flushing and system commissioning, compile completion documents, and deliver the system for use after passing the completion acceptance. The entire process includes recording materials upon arrival and acceptance, test data, acceptance results, and other relevant information, which is then organized and archived according to specifications to serve as the basis for final acceptance and delivery.

[0006] Preferably, the bonding process for installing the drainage plastic pipe in S3 is as follows: first, clean the pipe opening and wipe it clean; then, insert the rubber ring into the socket; measure the socket and the insertion depth and mark it; first, apply adhesive to the inside of the socket, and then apply it to the outside of the spigot; the application should be rapid, even, and without any omissions. After applying the adhesive, align the pipe and insert it into the socket to the marked depth. Rotate it 90°, wipe off any extruded adhesive, and let it stand until the joint is cured. Construction workers wore protective gloves, goggles, and masks, and operated from upwind. When laying drainage plastic pipes underground, steel pipe sleeves were pre-embedded through the walls. After installation, the pipes were filled tightly with waterproof sealant and cement mortar, and then backfilled after a water test.

[0007] Preferably, if the flexible interface mechanism drainage cast iron pipe in S3 is a high-rise drainage riser, reinforcement measures are taken at the bottom bend. Angle steel is arranged along the axial direction of the bend, with the bottom bend of the drainage pipe as the center. Channel steel is erected horizontally at the bottom. Flat steel is used to pass through the angle steel and channel steel horizontally. The connection is fastened with bolts at the connection points to form an integrated reinforcement frame in the axial and horizontal directions. The angle steel is attached to the outer wall of the drainage pipe to disperse stress, and the channel steel enhances the bottom support strength.

[0008] Preferably, if a steel-plastic composite water supply pipe is used in S3, the installation must meet the following requirements: when the pipe passes through walls, ground and floor slabs, steel sleeves must be buried, the sleeves must be at least 100mm above the ground and roof and waterproof measures must be taken. When pipes are concealed in walls, they should be installed in conjunction with pre-reserved holes and grooves by the civil engineering department, with the reserved dimensions conforming to design standards. The deformed portion of the tube end should be cut off, and the silicone rubber ring should not be used if it has defects. For pipes buried underground or concealed within walls, a water pressure test must be conducted and the results recorded and certified before backfilling and sealing. When the pipe is laid in parallel with other metal pipes, the net distance shall not be less than 50mm, and the composite pipe shall be located inside the metal pipe.

[0009] Preferably, the stainless steel pipe installation in S3 adopts a ring-pressure connection process, specifically: the port of the ring-pressure pipe fitting is pre-set with an annular U-shaped groove, the groove is filled with a sealing ring, the socket end of the thin-walled stainless steel pipe is inserted into the ring-pressure pipe fitting interface, and a special sealing tool is used to reduce the diameter of the U-shaped groove protrusion, so that the thin-walled stainless steel pipe and the socket part of the ring-pressure pipe fitting are tightly engaged, and the sealing ring is deformed under pressure to fill the gap. When cutting stainless steel pipes, use a manual pipe cutter for small diameter pipes of DN15, 20, and 25, use a toothless hand saw or electric saw for medium and large diameter pipes of DN25 and above, and use a high-speed rotating abrasive wheel for large diameter pipes. After cutting, remove burrs from the inner and outer walls of the pipe opening.

[0010] Preferably, the valve installation in S5 specifically includes the installation of general-purpose valves, pressure reducing valve assemblies, pressure gauges, and thermometers; S5-1. Installation of general valves: Before installing the valve, the gland packing should be checked. The gland bolts must have sufficient adjustment margin. Valves with flange or threaded connections should be installed in the closed position. Before installation, the valve model should be checked according to the design, and the valve installation direction should be determined according to the medium flow direction. Gate valves and lift check valves should have the inlet at the bottom and the outlet at the top. For valves on horizontal pipelines, the valve stem should be installed within the upper half of the circumference. The valve's operating mechanism and transmission device should operate flexibly and indicate accurately. When hoisting large valves, ropes must not be tied to the valve stem or handwheel. S5-2 Installation of pressure reducing valve assembly: The pressure reducing valve assembly should be installed in a location with sufficient space for maintenance and sufficient lighting for timely monitoring. The installation height should be 1.2 meters, and it should be installed as close to the wall as possible. When installing a pressure reducing valve, the pipe diameter before the pressure reducing valve should be as consistent as possible with the diameter of the pressure reducing valve, while the pipe diameter after the pressure reducing valve can be 1-2 sizes larger than the diameter of the pressure reducing valve. Before installing the pressure reducing valve, check whether the target pressure of the medium is consistent with the pressure after the pressure reducing valve, and make sure that the direction of medium flow is consistent with the arrow direction on the pressure reducing valve body. In order to facilitate the maintenance of the pressure reducing valve, shut-off valves should be installed before and after the pressure reducing valve. A filter should be installed before the pressure reducing valve. The bypass pipe is a necessary component for installing the pressure reducing valve. When the pressure reducing valve malfunctions and needs maintenance, the shut-off valves before and after the pressure reducing valve can be closed, and the bypass pipe can be used to supply the medium. To facilitate monitoring and adjustment of the pressure reducing valve, pressure gauges should be installed on both the high-pressure pipeline upstream of the valve and the low-pressure pipeline downstream of the valve. S5-3. Installation of pressure gauges and thermometers: Select the appropriate range of pressure gauges and thermometers. The dial scale should be 1.5-3 times the working pressure. Pressure gauges should have bends, and a stopcock tee should be used between the pressure gauge and the bends. Before installing a pressure gauge, check that it is within its valid calibration period. Only if it is qualified can it be installed. The pressure gauge should be installed vertically, and the working pressure, maximum pressure, and minimum pressure of the medium should be marked on the dial with different colored markers. The thermometer scale or dial should be installed in an easily observable position. The thermometer should be fully inserted into the medium being measured, ideally reaching the center line of the medium's flow line, and facing the medium. After installation, the maximum, minimum, and normal operating temperatures should be marked on the dial or case.

[0011] Preferably, the installation of the floor drain in S6 specifically involves: laying a waterproof layer around the pre-reserved hole in the floor drain slab, and filling the gap between the floor drain body and the hole with a polyurethane sealing layer; During the renovation phase, the floor drain surface layer should be laid flush with the floor finish layer. A floor drain grate should be installed on top of the floor drain. When sealing the holes, first fill them with fine stone concrete after the water filling test is passed, and then carry out the waterproof layer and surface layer construction to ensure no leakage.

[0012] Preferably, the cleaning port installation in S6 specifically involves: laying a cleaning port waterproof layer on the surface of the cleaning port floor slab and the inner wall of the reserved hole, and vertically penetrating the hole with the cast iron cleaning port body and sealingly connecting it with the drainage branch pipe. The gap between the hole and the cast iron cleaning port is filled with fine stone concrete in layers. A water filling test of the pipeline system must be completed before filling. During the renovation phase, the surface of the cleaning port should be flush with the ground, and the top of the cleaning port should be secured with a removable cleaning port cover to prevent debris from falling into the pipe.

[0013] In summary, this invention provides a construction process for water supply and drainage in teaching buildings, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. Through steps S1-S8, and considering the different functional requirements of water supply and drainage in the teaching building, different prefabrication and specialized installation processes are adopted for drainage plastic pipes, steel-plastic composite water supply pipes, stainless steel pipes, and flexible joint mechanism drainage cast iron pipes. Drainage plastic pipes are bonded with double sealing of rubber rings and adhesives to ensure no leakage at the joints; steel-plastic composite pipes are protected by steel sleeves, waterproofed and sealed, and have clear distance control to adapt to wall-mounted concealed installation and multiple parallel pipe scenarios; stainless steel pipes adopt a ring compression connection process, relying on U-shaped grooves and sealing rings to achieve high-pressure sealing; especially for the bottom bends of drainage risers in ultra-high-rise buildings, an integrated reinforcement frame of angle steel, channel steel, and flat steel is used to disperse the impact force of water flow and prevent pipe displacement or loosening of clamps; at the same time, specialized treatment of multiple pipe materials and reinforcement design of key parts enable the system to adapt to the complex working conditions of multiple floors and multiple water points in the teaching building, effectively resist pipe wear, leakage and structural deformation, extend the service life of the water supply and drainage system, adapt to multiple scenario requirements and have strong structural stability, thus extending the service life of the water supply and drainage system.

[0014] 2. Safety is ensured through full-process quality control and functional design via steps S1-S8. The water supply system is disinfected according to the standard of 20-30mg of free chlorine per liter for 24 hours, meeting the drinking water safety needs of teachers and students. Before installation, valves are randomly sampled for strength and tightness tests, and main riser valves are tested one by one to avoid leakage or water outages in critical areas. Floor drains and cleanouts are double-sealed with a waterproof layer and a polyurethane sealing layer or fine stone concrete, combined with the construction process after water filling tests, eliminating the risk of floor slab leakage. At the same time, complex nodes of the process pipeline are drawn with empty diagrams to optimize the layout, facilitating later maintenance. Material acceptance and test data are recorded throughout the process and archived in a standardized manner, allowing for rapid traceability of problems. Cleanout covers are removable, and pressure reducing valves are equipped with bypass pipes to reduce water outage time during maintenance, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the teaching building's water supply and drainage system, guaranteeing water safety and convenient operation and maintenance, and meeting the needs of the teaching building for public use. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the stainless steel pipe press-fit connection installation process node of the water supply and drainage construction technology for teaching buildings according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the fixed support node structure of the bottom bend of the drainage pipe in the construction process of water supply and drainage in the teaching building of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cleaning port installation node structure in the water supply and drainage construction process of the teaching building of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a detailed structural schematic diagram of the floor drain installation node in the water supply and drainage construction process of the teaching building of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the system architecture for the water supply and drainage construction process of the teaching building of the present invention.

[0016] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Ring-pressed pipe fittings; 2. Sealing rings; 3. Thin-walled stainless steel pipes; 4. Angle steel; 5. Drainage pipes; 6. Channel steel; 7. Connection points; 8. Flat steel; 9. Cleanout cover; 10. Cleanout surface layer; 11. Cleanout waterproof layer; 12. Cleanout floor slab; 13. Cast iron cleanout body; 14. Fine aggregate concrete; 15. Floor drain grate; 16. Floor drain surface layer; 17. Waterproof floor drain layer; 18. Floor drain floor slab; 19. Polyurethane sealing layer. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 5 This application will be described in further detail below.

[0018] Example: Please see Figures 1-5 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a construction process for water supply and drainage in a teaching building, including the following construction processes: S1. Pre-construction preparation: Erect temporary facilities, organize materials, tools and personnel to enter the site, and conduct safety and technical briefings. Among them, the diameter, wall thickness and nominal pressure of pipes and fittings must be checked to ensure they are consistent with the design requirements. Before installation, keep the pipe ends sealed. This can help to check for mismatches between pipes and fittings and the design in advance, avoiding rework due to non-compliance with specifications. At the same time, keeping the pipe ends sealed can prevent dust and debris from entering the pipe, ensuring the cleanliness of the pipe inner wall, laying the foundation for subsequent water supply and disinfection, and reducing the risk of pipe blockage or water pollution. S2. Bracket Fabrication and Installation: Fabricate brackets according to design requirements, complete anti-corrosion treatment, and install them. The bracket positions must be accurate and the brackets must be buried flat and firmly. If the contact points between the pipe clamps and the pipes are metal clamps, they must be separated by plastic tape or rubber. Anti-corrosion treatment of the brackets can extend their service life and prevent long-term moisture and rust from causing support failure. Accurate and firm installation can ensure that the pipes are subjected to uniform stress, prevent the pipes from sagging and deforming, and ensure that the pipe path meets the design requirements. The separation measures between the metal clamps and the pipes can avoid rigid metal contact and wear on the outer wall of the pipes, especially protecting the structural integrity of easily worn pipe materials such as steel-plastic composite pipes and plastic pipes. S3. Pipe Prefabrication and Installation: Prefabrication and installation of drainage plastic pipes, steel-plastic composite water supply pipes, stainless steel pipes, and flexible joint machine-made drainage cast iron pipes are carried out separately. Prefabrication is carried out according to the functional characteristics and installation process of different pipe materials. This can be specifically adapted to the different water supply and drainage needs of the teaching building. At the same time, classified installation can improve construction efficiency, ensure that the connection and fixing process of each pipe material meets its performance requirements, and improve the stability of the overall water supply and drainage system. S4. System Testing and Acceptance: After the water supply pipes are installed, a water pressure test is conducted. After the drainage pipes are installed, a water filling test is conducted. After the tests are passed, the system is inspected by zone, section, and item. After the acceptance is passed, the sewage and rainwater pipe inlets and outlets are treated. The water pressure and water filling tests can detect potential problems such as pipe joint leakage and pipe material damage in advance, so as to avoid water leakage affecting the wall and floor structure of the teaching building after delivery. The zone and section acceptance can accurately locate the problem area and reduce the rectification cost. After the acceptance, the sewage and rainwater pipe inlets and outlets are treated to ensure that the drainage terminal is unobstructed, prevent pipe blockage caused by the accumulation of debris, and ensure the long-term effective operation of the drainage system. S5. Valve and Accessory Installation: Fully understand the drawings and design intent. Draw a hollow view for nodes with complex and intersecting pipelines and concentrated accessories, arrange them reasonably, check whether all materials and equipment are in place, and verify the certificates of conformity to prevent the use of unqualified materials in the project to avoid affecting the quality. Keep good records of material and equipment acceptance upon arrival. Hollow views can clearly sort out complex pipeline layouts, avoid conflicts in valve and accessory installation positions, improve space utilization and convenience of later maintenance. Verifying and recording certificates of conformity can prevent unqualified products from the source and prevent water supply failures caused by valve sealing failures and accessory damage. Before valve installation, strength and tightness tests should be conducted. The tests should be conducted on 10% of each batch, with a minimum of one valve. For closed-loop valves installed on the main riser that serve as shut-off valves, strength and tightness tests should be conducted on each valve individually. Proportional sampling can balance testing efficiency and quality control. Testing each valve on the main riser individually can ensure the safety of water supply to critical parts and prevent water supply interruption or leakage of the entire building due to the failure of the main riser valves. It also includes the following construction techniques: S6. Installation of floor drains and cleanout openings: During structural construction, according to the secondary detailed design drawings, the floor slab holes required for the installation of floor drains and cleanout openings are reserved. By reserving holes according to the secondary detailed drawings, the size and position of floor drains and cleanout openings can be accurately matched, avoiding damage to the floor slab steel structure by drilling holes later, reducing structural safety hazards, and saving construction time for subsequent installation. During the initial renovation, after verifying the location of the floor drains and cleanouts reserved in the structural construction, connect the floor drains and other drain pipe sections to the drainage branch pipes. Then, perform the initial fixing of the floor drains and cleanouts. After verifying the location, the connection and fixing can ensure that the floor drains, cleanouts and drainage branch pipes are accurately connected, avoiding poor drainage due to positional deviations. After the water filling test of this section of the pipeline system is completed, the gaps between the edge of the reserved hole and the floor drain and cleaning port are sealed. Then the decoration unit will carry out the construction of the subbase, waterproof layer and leveling layer. After the water filling test, the sealing can be carried out on the premise that the pipeline is confirmed to be leak-free, so as to avoid the need for secondary excavation due to water leakage after sealing. S7. Disinfection of water supply system: After flushing the water supply pipes, disinfect them by leaving water containing 20-30mg of free chlorine per liter in the pipes for more than 24 hours. After disinfection, flush with domestic water and disinfect according to the standard concentration and time. This can completely kill the bacteria and microorganisms remaining in the pipes and ensure that the water meets the standards. S8. Completion and Delivery and Documentation: Complete pipeline adjustment, plugging, pipeline flushing and system commissioning, organize completion documents, and deliver the system for use after passing the completion acceptance. Pipeline adjustment and plugging can ensure that the pipeline is unobstructed and unblocked. System commissioning can verify that the pressure and flow of the water supply and drainage system meet the design requirements, avoiding problems such as unstable water pressure and poor drainage after delivery. The entire process involves recording materials upon arrival and acceptance, test data, and acceptance results, which are then organized and archived according to specifications. This serves as the basis for final acceptance and delivery. Complete data archiving can form a construction traceability chain, facilitating rapid problem location during later maintenance.

[0019] The bonding process for installing S3 drainage plastic pipes is as follows: First, clean and wipe the pipe opening clean. Then, insert the rubber ring into the socket and mark the insertion depth. Apply adhesive to the inside of the socket first, and then to the outside of the spigot. Apply the adhesive quickly, evenly, and without any omissions. Cleaning the pipe opening removes oil and dust, preventing them from affecting the adhesive bonding strength. Inserting the rubber ring into the socket and applying adhesive evenly ensures a tight seal at the joint, improving the sealing performance of the drainage plastic pipe joint. After applying the adhesive, align the pipe and insert it into the socket to the marked depth. Rotate it 90°, wipe off any extruded adhesive, and let it stand until the joint is cured. Inserting the pipe to the marked depth and rotating it 90° again allows the adhesive to fully contact and adhere, improving the bond strength. Wiping off any extruded adhesive prevents contamination of the pipe or affecting its appearance. Allowing it to cure ensures a complete bond at the joint. Construction workers wear protective gloves, goggles, and masks, and operate from upwind. When laying drainage plastic pipes underground, steel pipe sleeves are pre-embedded through walls. After installation, the sleeves are filled tightly with waterproof sealant and cement mortar. A water filling test is conducted before backfilling. These protective measures prevent adhesive volatiles from harming the health of construction workers and ensure work safety. The wall sleeves and sealing treatment prevent water from seeping into the pipes or pipe leaks from affecting the wall. Backfilling after the water filling test verifies the sealing performance of the buried pipes and prevents soil settlement from causing pipe damage.

[0020] If the S3 flexible joint mechanism drainage cast iron pipe is a high-rise drainage riser, reinforcement measures are taken at the bottom bend. Angle steel 4 is arranged along the axial direction of the bend, with the bottom bend of the drainage pipe 5 as the center. Channel steel 6 is horizontally supported at the bottom. Flat steel 8 is horizontally inserted through the angle steel 4 and the channel steel 6. The connection is fastened with bolts at the connection point 7 to form an integrated axial and lateral reinforcement frame. The angle steel 4 fits against the outer wall of the drainage pipe 5 to disperse stress, and the channel steel 6 enhances the bottom support strength. The integrated reinforcement frame can disperse the impact force of the high-rise water flow on the bend through the angle steel 4, and the channel steel 6 improves the bottom support stability. The fastening of the flat steel 8 and the connection point 7 ensures the integrity of the frame and effectively prevents the bend from shifting or the clamps from loosening.

[0021] If steel-plastic composite water supply pipes are used in S3, the following requirements must be met during installation: steel sleeves must be buried when the pipes pass through walls, ground and floor slabs. The sleeves must be at least 100mm above the ground or roof and waterproof measures must be taken. The steel sleeves can protect the steel-plastic composite pipes from external damage. The design of being above the ground or roof and the waterproof treatment can prevent rainwater and ground water from seeping into the floor slab or walls, and avoid structural corrosion or pipe damage caused by water seepage. When pipes are concealed in the wall, they should be installed in conjunction with the pre-reserved holes and grooves in the civil engineering. The reserved size should be in accordance with the design standards. This can avoid damaging the structure by chiseling the wall later, reduce conflicts between civil engineering and installation, and ensure that the size of the holes and grooves is suitable for pipe installation, thereby improving the aesthetics and installation efficiency of the pipes embedded in the wall. Deformed parts of the pipe end should be cut off, and defective silicone rubber rings should not be used. Cutting off the deformed pipe end ensures that the pipe connection end face is flat and avoids poor sealing of the interface due to deformation. Removing defective silicone rubber rings can prevent sealing failure and ensure the sealing performance of the steel-plastic composite pipe interface. For pipes buried underground or concealed within walls, a water pressure test must be conducted and recorded for certification before backfilling and sealing. The water pressure test can detect leaks in concealed pipes in advance, avoiding the need for excavation and repair due to leaks after backfilling, thus reducing rework costs. Recording and certification ensures that the test process is compliant. When the pipe is laid in parallel with other metal pipes, the net distance should not be less than 50mm. The composite pipe is located inside the metal pipe. Maintaining the net distance can prevent the metal pipe from being corroded and affecting the steel-plastic composite pipe. The composite pipe being inside can reduce the damage caused by external collisions and prevent interference from thermal expansion and contraction between parallel pipes.

[0022] The stainless steel pipe installation in S3 adopts a ring-pressure connection process, specifically: the end of the ring-pressure fitting 1 is pre-set with an annular U-shaped groove, and a sealing ring 2 is installed in the groove. The socket end of the thin-walled stainless steel pipe 3 is inserted into the interface of the ring-pressure fitting 1. A special sealing tool is used to reduce the diameter of the U-shaped groove, so that the thin-walled stainless steel pipe 3 and the socket part of the ring-pressure fitting 1 are tightly engaged. The sealing ring 2 is deformed under pressure to fill the gap. The U-shaped groove design of the ring-pressure fitting 1 matches the sealing ring 2. By sealing and reducing the diameter, the thin-walled stainless steel pipe 3 and the fitting are tightly engaged. The sealing ring 2 deforms to fill the gap, which greatly improves the sealing performance of the interface. When cutting stainless steel pipes, use a manual pipe cutter for small diameter pipes of DN15, 20, and 25, and use a toothless hand saw or electric saw for medium and large diameter pipes of DN25 and above. Use a high-speed rotating abrasive wheel for cutting large diameter pipes. After cutting, remove burrs from the inner and outer walls of the pipe opening. Select a special cutting tool according to the pipe diameter to avoid oxidation and deformation of the stainless steel pipe caused by oxy-acetylene flame cutting, and ensure that the pipe opening is flat. Removing burrs can prevent the sealing ring 2 from being punctured during installation, which would lead to sealing failure. At the same time, it protects the inner wall of the pipe and reduces water flow resistance.

[0023] Valve installation in S5 specifically includes the installation of general-purpose valves, pressure reducing valve assemblies, pressure gauges, and thermometers; S5-1. Installation of general valves: Before installing the valve, the gland packing should be checked. The gland bolts must have sufficient adjustment margin. Valves with flange or threaded connections should be installed in the closed state. Checking the gland packing and bolt margin can ensure a tight seal when the valve is opened and closed, and avoid water leakage caused by packing aging. Installing in the closed state can prevent foreign objects from entering the valve body, protect the valve core, and ensure that the valve can be opened and closed flexibly. Before installing valves, the model should be checked according to the design and the installation direction should be determined according to the medium flow direction. Gate valves and lift check valves should be installed with the inlet at the bottom and the outlet at the top. Checking the model can avoid the valve function not matching the requirements. Installing according to the medium flow direction and the "bottom inlet at the top" design can ensure that the shut-off function of the gate valve and the backflow prevention function of the check valve are effective, and prevent water pressure loss or backflow. For valves on horizontal pipelines, the valve stem should be installed within the upper half of the circumference. The valve's operating mechanism and transmission device should operate flexibly and indicate accurately. When hoisting large valves, ropes must not be tied to the valve stem or handwheel. The valve stem being in the upper half of the circumference facilitates the operator's opening and closing and maintenance, improving convenience. A flexible and accurate operating mechanism ensures precise valve adjustment and avoids water pressure loss. Hoisting away from the valve stem and handwheel can prevent damage to components and ensure the integrity of the valve. S5-2 Installation of pressure reducing valve assembly: The pressure reducing valve assembly should be installed in a location with sufficient space for maintenance and sufficient lighting for timely monitoring. The installation height should be 1.2 meters, and it should be installed as close to the wall as possible. A location that is convenient for maintenance and monitoring can shorten maintenance time. The 1.2-meter height is ergonomic, making it easy to observe the pressure gauge and adjust it. Installing it close to the wall saves space. When installing a pressure reducing valve, the pipe diameter before the pressure reducing valve should be as consistent as possible with the diameter of the pressure reducing valve. The pipe diameter after the pressure reducing valve can be 1-2 sizes larger than the diameter of the pressure reducing valve. Matching the pipe diameter before the pressure reducing valve can avoid pressure fluctuations caused by sudden changes in water flow velocity. Increasing the pipe diameter after the pressure reducing valve can reduce the water flow resistance after pressure reduction and ensure stable pressure reduction effect. Before installing the pressure reducing valve, check whether the target pressure of the medium is consistent with the pressure downstream of the pressure reducing valve, and ensure that the flow direction of the medium is consistent with the arrow direction on the pressure reducing valve body. For the maintenance of the pressure reducing valve, shut-off valves should be installed before and after the pressure reducing valve. Checking the pressure and installing according to the arrow direction can ensure that the output pressure of the pressure reducing valve meets the design requirements. Installing shut-off valves before and after the valve makes it easy to cut off the water flow during maintenance without shutting down the entire system, thus ensuring the continuity of water supply. A filter should be installed before the pressure reducing valve. The bypass pipe is a necessary component for installing the pressure reducing valve. When the pressure reducing valve malfunctions and needs maintenance, the shut-off valves before and after the pressure reducing valve can be closed, and the bypass pipe can be used to supply the medium. The filter can filter impurities and prevent clogging of the pressure reducing valve core. The bypass pipe is designed to switch the water supply in case of failure to avoid water supply interruption. To facilitate monitoring and adjustment of the pressure reducing valve, pressure gauges should be installed on both the high-pressure pipeline before the valve and the low-pressure pipeline after the valve. Real-time monitoring of the pressure before and after the valve allows for timely adjustment of parameters, ensuring pressure stability and preventing abnormal pressure from causing pipeline damage or water inconvenience. S5-3. Installation of pressure gauges and thermometers: Select the appropriate range for pressure gauges and thermometers. The dial scale should be 1.5-3 times the working pressure. Pressure gauges should have a bend, and a stopcock tee should be used between the pressure gauge and the bend. Selecting the appropriate range can prevent damage to the instrument from exceeding its range and ensure accurate readings. The bend can buffer the impact of water flow and protect the pressure gauge components. Before installing a pressure gauge, check that it is within its valid calibration period. Only qualified gauges can be installed. Pressure gauges should be installed vertically. The working pressure, maximum pressure, and minimum pressure of the medium should be marked on the dial with different colored markers. Check the calibration period to ensure accurate readings. Vertical installation and color markings facilitate quick pressure reading, anomaly identification, and improve monitoring efficiency. The thermometer scale or dial should be installed in an easily observable position. The thermometer should be fully inserted into the medium being measured, ideally reaching the center line of the medium's flow line, and facing the medium. This facilitates observation and ensures that the reading accurately reflects the actual water temperature. Facing the medium also improves the temperature sensing sensitivity. After installation, the maximum, minimum, and normal operating temperatures should be marked on the dial or case. Marking the temperature range can help quickly determine whether the water temperature is normal and detect abnormalities in a timely manner.

[0024] The installation of the floor drain in S6 is as follows: a waterproof layer 17 is laid around the reserved hole in the floor drain slab 18, and a polyurethane sealing layer 19 is filled between the floor drain body and the hole. The waterproof layer 17 and the polyurethane sealing layer 19 form a double waterproof barrier to prevent water from seeping into the floor slab and to avoid water leakage from the ceiling below. During the renovation phase, the floor drain surface layer 16 is laid flush with the floor decoration layer. A floor drain grate 15 is installed on top of the floor drain. When sealing the holes, after passing the water filling test, the holes are first filled with fine stone concrete. Then, the waterproof layer and surface layer are constructed to ensure no leakage. The surface layer is flush to avoid water accumulation. The floor drain grate 15 filters debris to prevent blockage. After the water filling test, the holes are sealed to ensure no leakage. The waterproof layer and surface layer are constructed simultaneously to improve the continuity of waterproofing.

[0025] The specific installation of the cleanout in S6 is as follows: a cleanout waterproof layer 11 is laid on the surface of the cleanout floor slab 12 and the inner wall of the reserved hole. The cast iron cleanout body 13 is vertically inserted through the hole and sealed to the drainage branch pipe. The cleanout waterproof layer 11 prevents sewage from seeping into the floor slab and protects the structural safety. The sealed connection of the cast iron cleanout body 13 avoids water leakage at the interface and causes odor. The gap between the hole and the cast iron cleaning port body 13 is filled with fine stone concrete 14 in layers. Before filling, a water filling test of the pipeline system must be completed. The fine stone concrete 14 is filled in layers to ensure that the cleaning port is firmly fixed. After the water filling test, the filling is completed to avoid leakage and secondary treatment. During the renovation phase, the cleaning port surface layer 10 is installed flush with the ground. The top of the cleaning port is fastened with a detachable cleaning port cover 9 to prevent debris from falling into the pipe. The flush surface layer enhances the aesthetics, and the detachable cleaning port cover 9 facilitates later unblocking and prevents debris from clogging the pipe.

[0026] The embodiments described in this specific implementation are preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Identical components are represented by the same reference numerals. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape, and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. The construction process for water supply and drainage in teaching buildings, characterized by: The following construction techniques are included: S1. Pre-construction preparation: Erect temporary facilities, organize materials, machinery and personnel to enter the site, and conduct safety and technical briefings. Among them, the diameter, wall thickness and nominal pressure of pipes and fittings must be checked to ensure they are consistent with the design requirements. Before installation, the pipe ends must be properly sealed. S2. Bracket fabrication and installation: Fabricate brackets according to design requirements, install them after anti-corrosion treatment, ensure bracket positions are accurate and buried flat and firmly, and if the contact between pipe clamps and pipes is a metal clamp, use plastic tape or rubber to separate them. S3. Pipe Prefabrication and Installation: Prefabrication and installation of drainage plastic pipes, steel-plastic composite water supply pipes, stainless steel pipes, and flexible joint machine-made drainage cast iron pipes are carried out respectively. S4. System Testing and Acceptance: After the water supply pipeline is installed, a water pressure test is conducted. After the drainage pipeline is installed, a water filling test is conducted. After the test is passed, the system is accepted by zone, section, and item. After the acceptance is passed, the sewage and rainwater pipe inlets and outlets are treated. S5. Valve and accessory installation: Fully understand the drawings and design intent. Draw empty views for nodes with complex and intersecting pipelines and concentrated accessories, arrange them reasonably, check whether all materials and equipment have arrived, and verify the certificates of conformity. Prevent unqualified materials from being used in the project to avoid affecting the quality. Keep good records of material and equipment acceptance upon arrival. Before installation, a strength and tightness test should be performed on the valve. The test should be conducted on 10% of each batch, with a minimum of one valve. For closed-circuit valves installed on the main riser that serve as shut-off valves, a strength and tightness test should be performed on each valve individually.

2. The construction process for water supply and drainage in teaching buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes the following construction techniques: S6. Installation of floor drains and cleanout openings: During structural construction, according to the secondary detailed design drawings, reserve the floor slab holes required for the installation of floor drains and cleanout openings. During the initial renovation, after verifying that the locations of the floor drains and cleanouts reserved in the structural construction are correct, the drain pipes and other drainage pipe sections are connected to the drainage branch pipes, and then the floor drains and cleanouts are initially fixed. After the water filling test of this section of the pipeline system is completed, the gaps between the edge of the reserved hole and the floor drain and cleaning port are sealed, and then the decoration unit carries out the construction of the subbase, waterproof layer and leveling layer. S7. Water supply system disinfection: After flushing the water supply pipes, disinfect them by leaving water containing 20-30 mg of free chlorine per liter in the pipes for more than 24 hours, and then flush them with domestic water. S8. Completion and Delivery and Documentation: Complete pipeline calibration, plugging, pipeline flushing and system commissioning, compile completion documents, and deliver the system for use after passing the completion acceptance. The entire process includes recording materials upon arrival and acceptance, test data, acceptance results, and other relevant information, which is then organized and archived according to specifications to serve as the basis for final acceptance and delivery.

3. The construction process for water supply and drainage in teaching buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bonding process for installing the drainage plastic pipe in S3 is as follows: First, clean the pipe opening and wipe it clean. Then, insert the rubber ring into the socket and mark the actual depth of insertion. Apply adhesive to the inside of the socket first, and then apply it to the outside of the spigot. Apply the adhesive quickly, evenly, and without any omissions. After applying the adhesive, align the pipe and insert it into the socket to the marked depth. Rotate it 90°, wipe off any extruded adhesive, and let it stand until the joint is cured. Construction workers wore protective gloves, goggles, and masks, and operated from upwind. When laying drainage plastic pipes underground, steel pipe sleeves were pre-embedded through the walls. After installation, the pipes were filled tightly with waterproof sealant and cement mortar, and then backfilled after a water test.

4. The construction process for water supply and drainage in the teaching building according to claim 1, characterized in that: If the flexible interface mechanism drainage cast iron pipe in S3 is a super high-rise drainage riser, reinforcement measures are taken at the bottom bend. Angle steel (4) is arranged along the axial direction of the bend, with the bottom bend of the drainage pipe (5) as the center. Channel steel (6) is erected horizontally at the bottom. Flat steel (8) is used to penetrate the angle steel (4) and the channel steel (6) horizontally. The bolts at the connection point (7) are tightened to form an integrated reinforcement frame in the axial and horizontal directions. The angle steel (4) fits against the outer wall of the drainage pipe (5) to disperse stress, and the channel steel (6) enhances the bottom support strength.

5. The construction process for water supply and drainage in teaching buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: If steel-plastic composite water supply pipes are used in S3, the following conditions must be met during installation: steel sleeves must be buried when the pipes pass through walls, ground and floor slabs, and the sleeves must be at least 100mm above the ground and roof and waterproof measures must be taken. When pipes are concealed in walls, they should be installed in conjunction with pre-reserved holes and grooves by the civil engineering department, with the reserved dimensions conforming to design standards. The deformed portion of the tube end should be cut off, and the silicone rubber ring should not be used if it has defects. For pipes buried underground or concealed within walls, a water pressure test must be conducted and the results recorded and certified before backfilling and sealing. When the pipe is laid in parallel with other metal pipes, the net distance shall not be less than 50mm, and the composite pipe shall be located inside the metal pipe.

6. The construction process for water supply and drainage in teaching buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stainless steel pipe installation in S3 adopts the ring pressure connection process, specifically: the port of the ring pressure pipe fitting (1) is pre-set with an annular U-shaped groove, and the groove is filled with a sealing ring (2). The socket end of the thin-walled stainless steel pipe (3) is inserted into the interface of the ring pressure pipe fitting (1). A special sealing tool is used to reduce the diameter of the U-shaped groove protrusion, so that the thin-walled stainless steel pipe (3) and the socket part of the ring pressure pipe fitting (1) are tightly engaged, and the sealing ring (2) is deformed under pressure to fill the gap. When cutting stainless steel pipes, use a manual pipe cutter for small diameter pipes of DN15, 20, and 25, use a toothless hand saw or electric saw for medium and large diameter pipes of DN25 and above, and use a high-speed rotating abrasive wheel for large diameter pipes. After cutting, remove burrs from the inner and outer walls of the pipe opening.

7. The construction process for water supply and drainage in teaching buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The valve installation in S5 specifically includes the installation of general-purpose valves, pressure reducing valve assemblies, pressure gauges, and thermometers; S5-1. Installation of general valves: Before installing the valve, the gland packing should be checked. The gland bolts must have sufficient adjustment margin. Valves with flange or threaded connections should be installed in the closed position. Before installation, the valve model should be checked according to the design, and the valve installation direction should be determined according to the medium flow direction. Gate valves and lift check valves should have the inlet at the bottom and the outlet at the top. For valves on horizontal pipelines, the valve stem should be installed within the upper half of the circumference. The valve's operating mechanism and transmission device should operate flexibly and indicate accurately. When hoisting large valves, ropes must not be tied to the valve stem or handwheel. S5-2 Installation of pressure reducing valve assembly: The pressure reducing valve assembly should be installed in a location with sufficient space for maintenance and sufficient lighting for timely monitoring. The installation height should be 1.2 meters, and it should be installed as close to the wall as possible. When installing a pressure reducing valve, the pipe diameter before the pressure reducing valve should be as consistent as possible with the diameter of the pressure reducing valve, while the pipe diameter after the pressure reducing valve can be 1-2 sizes larger than the diameter of the pressure reducing valve. Before installing the pressure reducing valve, check whether the target pressure of the medium is consistent with the pressure after the pressure reducing valve, and make sure that the direction of medium flow is consistent with the arrow direction on the pressure reducing valve body. In order to facilitate the maintenance of the pressure reducing valve, shut-off valves should be installed before and after the pressure reducing valve. A filter should be installed before the pressure reducing valve. The bypass pipe is a necessary component for installing the pressure reducing valve. When the pressure reducing valve malfunctions and needs maintenance, the shut-off valves before and after the pressure reducing valve can be closed, and the bypass pipe can be used to supply the medium. To facilitate monitoring and adjustment of the pressure reducing valve, pressure gauges should be installed on both the high-pressure pipeline upstream of the valve and the low-pressure pipeline downstream of the valve. S5-3. Installation of pressure gauges and thermometers: Select the appropriate range of pressure gauges and thermometers. The dial scale should be 1.5-3 times the working pressure. Pressure gauges should have bends, and a stopcock tee should be used between the pressure gauge and the bends. Before installing a pressure gauge, check that it is within its valid calibration period. Only if it is qualified can it be installed. The pressure gauge should be installed vertically, and the working pressure, maximum pressure, and minimum pressure of the medium should be marked on the dial with different colored markers. The thermometer scale or dial should be installed in an easily observable position. The thermometer should be fully inserted into the medium being measured, ideally reaching the center line of the medium's flow line, and facing the medium. After installation, the maximum, minimum, and normal operating temperatures should be marked on the dial or case.

8. The construction process for water supply and drainage in teaching buildings according to claim 2, characterized in that: The installation of the floor drain in S6 is as follows: a waterproof layer (17) is laid around the reserved hole in the floor drain floor slab (18), and a polyurethane sealing layer (19) is filled between the floor drain body and the hole. During the decoration stage, the floor drain surface layer (16) is laid flush with the floor decoration layer. A floor drain grate (15) is installed on the top of the floor drain. When sealing the holes, the holes are first filled with fine stone concrete after the water filling test is qualified, and then the waterproof layer and surface layer are constructed to ensure no leakage.

9. The construction process for water supply and drainage in teaching buildings according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific installation of the cleaning port in S6 is as follows: a cleaning port waterproof layer (11) is laid on the surface of the cleaning port floor slab (12) and the inner wall of the reserved hole, and the cast iron cleaning port body (13) is vertically inserted through the hole and sealed and connected to the drainage branch pipe. The gap between the hole and the cast iron cleaning port (13) is filled with fine stone concrete (14) in layers. A water filling test of the pipeline system must be completed before filling. During the renovation phase, the cleaning port surface layer (10) is installed flush with the ground, and the top of the cleaning port is fastened with a detachable cleaning port cover (9) to prevent debris from falling into the pipe.

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