Platform and method for testing comprehensive performance of ball screw

Abstract

The invention discloses a ball screw comprehensive performance test platform and test method, and belongs to the technical field of transmission equipment detection. The platform comprises a lathe bed, two ends of the lathe bed are provided with a front seat, a tail seat and quick-release modules with the same structure, each quick-release module comprises a bearing seat and a three-jaw chuck / tip / floating self-centering mechanism, and three mounting modes can be realized; power output and monitoring, motion positioning and precision monitoring, self-adaptive pre-tightening, thermal elongation measurement and multi-parameter comprehensive sensing monitoring modules are integrated, and multi-dimensional performance data can be synchronously collected. The test method comprises the steps of quick disassembly and installation and sensor initialization, precise pre-tightening force regulation and control, multi-parameter synchronous acquisition, data processing and index output. The device can adapt to different specifications of lead screws without replacing the bearing seat, achieves the integrated evaluation of the comprehensive performance, and improves the testing efficiency, precision and flexibility.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of transmission equipment testing technology, specifically relating to a comprehensive performance testing platform for ball screws, and also to a comprehensive performance testing method for ball screws. Background Technology

[0002] As a core component of precision transmission systems, the performance of ball screws directly affects the motion accuracy, reliability, and lifespan of equipment. In research and development, quality inspection, and reliability assessment, it is essential to simulate actual working conditions using a dedicated testing platform to comprehensively measure key indicators such as positioning accuracy, frictional torque, temperature rise, vibration, and load-bearing capacity. Existing testing platforms typically employ traditional bearing housings (such as fixed-end bearing housings and support-end bearing housings) to achieve "fixed-fixed," "fixed-support," or "support-support" mounting and support methods for the ball screw.

[0003] However, this type of traditional support structure has significant limitations: its support bore diameter and the shaft diameter of the ball screw under test are usually in a one-to-one tight fit. When the test platform needs to accommodate ball screws of different diameters, the operator must disassemble and replace the entire bearing housing and related connecting parts. This process is not only tedious and time-consuming, resulting in low testing efficiency, but repeated disassembly and assembly can easily introduce installation errors, leading to a decrease in the benchmark accuracy of the test platform. At the same time, multiple clamping of the connecting surfaces may also cause cumulative wear, affecting positioning reliability and ultimately reducing the accuracy and consistency of the test results. In addition, traditional platforms are also inconvenient in quickly switching between different support methods and flexibly simulating various working conditions.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive testing platform that can quickly adapt to different specifications of lead screws, has a variable support method, and can maintain a high-precision benchmark, in order to solve the problems of low testing efficiency, poor flexibility, and difficulty in maintaining accuracy over a long period of time in existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The primary objective of this invention is to provide a comprehensive performance testing platform for ball screws, which solves the technical problems of traditional testing platforms requiring the replacement of bearing housings to adapt to different specifications of ball screws, resulting in low testing efficiency, and repeated disassembly and assembly introducing installation errors that lead to a decrease in testing accuracy and consistency.

[0006] The second objective of this invention is to provide a comprehensive performance testing method for ball screws, which solves the technical problem that traditional testing methods are unable to simultaneously collect multiple parameters and cannot efficiently and accurately complete the comprehensive performance evaluation of ball screws.

[0007] The first technical solution adopted in this invention is a ball screw comprehensive performance testing platform, including a bed, a front seat fixedly connected to one end of the top of the bed, and a first quick-release module fixedly connected to the front seat; a tail seat fixedly connected to the other end of the top of the bed, and a second quick-release module fixedly connected to the tail seat. A first clamping module is installed on the first quick-release module, and a second clamping module is installed on the second quick-release module. The first clamping module and the second clamping module are used to support and clamp the ball screw to be tested; wherein, the internal structure of the first quick-release module and the second quick-release module is the same.

[0008] The first technical solution of this invention is further characterized by: Both the first quick-release module and the second quick-release module include a bearing housing. The bearing housing includes a support housing and an end cover connected by fasteners. A bearing assembly is installed in the inner cavity formed by the support housing and the end cover. A rotating shaft with a variable inner diameter is sleeved inside the bearing assembly. A transition plate is fixed to one end of the rotating shaft by fasteners, and a flange shaft is fixed to the other end of the rotating shaft by fasteners. The bearing housing of the first quick-release module is fixedly connected to the front seat; the bearing housing of the second quick-release module is fixedly connected to the tail seat.

[0009] The first clamping module is either a three-jaw chuck or a floating self-centering mechanism; The second clamping module can be either a top-mounted or floating self-centering mechanism.

[0010] The three-jaw chuck is connected to the transition plate of the first quick-release module by fasteners; The tip is embedded in the inner cavity of the rotary shaft of the second quick-release module; The floating self-centering mechanism includes a base, which is connected to a transition plate of a first quick-release module and / or a second quick-release module via fasteners. A housing is fixedly mounted on the base, and a worm gear nut positioning component is fixedly mounted inside the housing. A pair of angular contact ball bearings are supported on the worm gear nut positioning component, and a worm gear nut is positioned between the angular contact ball bearings. The worm gear nut engages with a short lead screw, and a conical disk is fixedly mounted at one end of the short lead screw. Three long linear guides are fixedly mounted on the conical surface of the conical disk, and a long linear guide slider is slidably connected to each long linear guide. A pawl is fixedly mounted on the long linear guide slider, and the pawl has a rectangular boss on its side. A corresponding rectangular guide groove is formed on the inner wall of the housing. The rectangular boss of the pawl and the rectangular guide groove of the housing are connected to each other. The worm gear nut is fitted with a worm gear meshing with a worm. The two ends of the worm are supported by angular contact ball bearings, and one end extends to the round hole of the housing. A square nut is fixed to the extended end of the worm, and a square nut wrench is provided with the square nut. The chuck includes a short linear guide rail, a short linear guide rail slider is slidably connected to the short linear guide rail, a floating chuck is fixed to the surface of the short linear guide rail slider by screws, a chuck connector is fixed to the short linear guide rail, a sliding wedge is fixed to the chuck connector and connected to the short linear guide rail slider; the floating chuck is threaded to a spring guide pin with threads on its surface, a spring is fitted on the spring guide pin, and a spring baffle that matches the spring is fixed to the chuck connector.

[0011] It also includes a power output and monitoring module, which includes a motor bracket and a dynamic torque sensor bracket fixed to the front seat. A servo motor is fixed on the motor bracket, and a circular grating for monitoring the operating status of the servo motor is also fixed on the motor bracket. A dynamic torque sensor is placed on the dynamic torque sensor bracket. The output shaft of the servo motor is connected to the input shaft of the dynamic torque sensor through a coupling. The output shaft of the dynamic torque sensor is connected to the flange shaft of the first quick-release module through a coupling, so as to realize real-time monitoring of power transmission and power output status.

[0012] It also includes a motion positioning and accuracy monitoring module located in the middle of the bed. The motion positioning and accuracy monitoring module includes parallel linear guides fixed to the bed, with grating rulers arranged between the linear guides. A linear guide slider is slidably connected to the linear guide, a slide block is fixed to the linear guide slider, and a nut seat is fixed to the slide block. The inner cavity of the nut seat contains a screw nut that is compatible with the ball screw being tested, which is used to receive the motion transmission of the ball screw being tested and accurately monitor the positioning accuracy.

[0013] It also includes a preload control and friction monitoring module located on the motion positioning and accuracy monitoring module. The preload control and friction monitoring module includes an adaptive preload mechanism installed on one side of the nut seat. The side of the adaptive preload mechanism away from the nut seat is provided with a free nut adapted to the ball screw being tested. The free nut is connected to a static torque sensor through a force measuring ring. The static torque sensor is fixed to the slide through a static torque sensor bracket. The adaptive preload mechanism includes a main nut, on which an acoustic emission sensor is installed. A flange sleeve is fixed to the main nut. Ball-head piezoelectric actuators are uniformly fixed to the flange of the main nut. A secondary nut is fitted to the flangeless end of the flange sleeve. Cylindrical pins and force sensors are uniformly fixed to the flange of the secondary nut. The cylindrical pins are installed in the pin holes of the flange sleeve and are used to control the preload and monitor the friction torque.

[0014] It also includes a thermal elongation measurement module, which includes two reference plates fixed to the optical shafts at both ends of the working section of the ball screw being tested. Displacement sensors are arranged on the inner side of the two reference plates. The displacement sensors are fixed to the displacement sensor fixing parts through displacement sensor mounting parts. The displacement sensor fixing parts are made of a material with a low coefficient of thermal expansion and are used to measure the thermal elongation of the ball screw being tested in real time.

[0015] It also includes a multi-parameter integrated sensing and monitoring module, which includes temperature sensors respectively deployed in the first quick-release module, the side of the slide, the second quick-release module, and the nut seat; embedded temperature sensors deployed in the first quick-release module, the nut seat, and the second quick-release module; vibration sensors deployed on the top and sides of the nut seat; acceleration sensors deployed in the front seat, tail seat, and nut seat of the bed; and sound level meters deployed around the bed, for comprehensively monitoring temperature rise, vibration, and noise performance parameters.

[0016] The second technical solution adopted in this invention is a comprehensive performance testing method for ball screws, which uses the aforementioned comprehensive performance testing platform for ball screws and includes the following steps: S1: Install the ball screw onto the platform and initialize all sensors; S2: Adjust the adaptive preload mechanism and set the target preload force; S3: Drives the ball screw to run, and all sensors synchronously collect data from the ball screw; S4: Processes data and outputs comprehensive performance indicators such as positioning accuracy, repeatability, friction torque, transmission efficiency, temperature rise, vibration, noise, and thermal expansion.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention solves the problems of cumbersome and inefficient model changes caused by the fixed bearing housing bore diameter in traditional testing platforms by integrating a quick-release module. This module, through a worm gear-conical disc drive jaw linkage mechanism, can quickly and accurately adaptively clamp lead screw journals of different diameters without replacing the entire support base. This greatly improves the efficiency of test preparation and avoids installation errors introduced by repeated disassembly and assembly, ensuring the long-term stability and reliability of the test benchmark.

[0018] By designing an adaptive preload control module, dynamic, precise adjustment and real-time monitoring of the preload of the ball screw and nut pair are achieved. Combined with a multi-parameter integrated sensing and monitoring system (including a high-precision grating, torque sensor, multi-directional vibration and temperature sensor array, sound level meter, and thermal expansion measurement device), this platform can simultaneously and in real-time collect a full range of key performance indicators of the ball screw, such as positioning accuracy, dynamic / static friction torque, transmission efficiency, temperature rise, vibration, noise, and thermal expansion, during a single test run. This represents a leap from single-parameter testing to integrated evaluation of comprehensive performance.

[0019] Furthermore, the modular support structure (flexibly selectable with a three-jaw chuck, center, or floating self-centering mechanism) allows the platform to easily simulate various actual installation conditions such as "fixed-fixed," "fixed-supported," and "supported-supported," significantly enhancing the versatility and realism of the test platform's simulation. In summary, this invention significantly improves the efficiency, accuracy, comprehensiveness, and flexibility of ball screw performance testing, providing a powerful tool for product development, quality control, and reliability assessment. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ball screw comprehensive performance testing platform of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the bearing housing structure in the ball screw comprehensive performance testing platform of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the bearing housing mounting center in the ball screw comprehensive performance testing platform of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the floating self-centering mechanism in the ball screw comprehensive performance testing platform of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the chuck structure in the ball screw comprehensive performance testing platform of the present invention; Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure; Figure 7 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the bearing housing in the ball screw comprehensive performance testing platform of the present invention. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the adaptive preload mechanism in the ball screw comprehensive performance testing platform of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the sensor installation on the adaptive preload mechanism in the ball screw comprehensive performance testing platform of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the adaptive preload mechanism in the ball screw comprehensive performance testing platform of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal elongation measurement module in the ball screw comprehensive performance testing platform of the present invention; Figure 12 This is an installation diagram showing the fixing of both ends of the ball screw in the ball screw comprehensive performance testing platform of the present invention; Figure 13 This is an installation diagram of the ball screw comprehensive performance testing platform of the present invention, in which one end of the screw is fixed and the other end is supported. Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the supports at both ends of the ball screw in the ball screw comprehensive performance testing platform of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram, 1. Motor bracket, 2. Servo motor, 3. Circular grating, 4. Coupling, 5. Dynamic torque sensor, 6. Dynamic torque sensor bracket, 7. First quick-release module, 8. Front seat, 9. Ball screw, 10. Slide, 11. Screw nut, 12. Nut seat, 13. Adaptive preload mechanism, 14. Free nut, 15. Static torque sensor, 16. Static torque sensor bracket, 17. Force measuring ring, 18. Linear guide. 19. Linear guide slider, 20. Grating ruler, 21. Tailstock, 22. Second quick-release module, 23. Bed, 24. Chuck, 25. Conical disc, 26. Long linear guide, 27. Long linear guide slider, 28. Short lead screw, 29. Worm gear nut, 30. Worm, 31. Worm gear nut positioning component, 32. Square nut, 33. Base, 34. Housing, 35. Floating chuck, 36. Chuck connector, 37. Sliding wedge, 38. 39. Spring guide pin, 40. Spring baffle, 41. Short linear guide, 42. Short linear guide slider, 43. Guide rail limiter, 44. Bearing housing, 45. Transition plate, 46. Rotary shaft, 47. Angular contact ball bearing, 48. Deep groove ball bearing, 49. End cover, 50. Gasket, 51. Inner bearing spacer, 52. Outer bearing spacer, 53. Locking nut, 54. Locking spacer, 55. Support housing, 56. Flange shaft. 57. Temperature sensor, 58. Accelerometer, 59. Vibration sensor, 60. Embedded temperature sensor, 61. Main nut, 62. Flange sleeve, 63. Ball head piezoelectric actuator, 64. Force sensor, 65. Cylindrical pin, 66. Secondary nut, 67. Displacement sensor, 68. Reference plate, 69. Displacement sensor fixture, 70. Displacement sensor mounting bracket, 71. Sound level meter, 72. Acoustic emission sensor, 73. Center point. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0023] Example 1 like Figure 1As shown, the ball screw comprehensive performance testing platform disclosed in this embodiment includes a bed 23, a front seat 8 fixedly connected to one end of the top of the bed 23, and a first quick-release module 7 fixedly connected to the front seat 8; a tailstock 21 fixedly connected to the other end of the top of the bed 23, and a second quick-release module 22 fixedly connected to the tailstock 21. A first clamping module is installed on the first quick-release module 7, and a second clamping module is installed on the second quick-release module 22. The first clamping module and the second clamping module are used to support and clamp the ball screw 9 to be tested; wherein, the internal structure of the first quick-release module 7 and the second quick-release module 22 is the same.

[0024] The bed 23 serves as the load-bearing foundation of the overall platform, fixed to the ground with hexagonal socket head cap screws, providing a stable installation reference for all components. The front seat 8 and tail seat 21 are respectively fixed to both ends of the bed for precise installation of the first quick-release module 7 and the second quick-release module 22. The first quick-release module 7 and the second quick-release module 22 have the same structure, providing a standardized installation interface to achieve rapid assembly and replacement of the clamping modules. The first and second clamping modules, as direct support components, are used to stably clamp the ball screw 9 to be tested, ensuring the coaxiality and stability of the screw during testing. Its core principle is to utilize the standardized interface of the quick-release module and the compatibility of the clamping module to solve the problem of the traditional test platform support structure being strictly bound to the screw shaft diameter. It can adapt to ball screws of different models and sizes without repeatedly disassembling the bearing seat, achieving rapid clamping and positioning, and laying a solid foundation for subsequent performance testing.

[0025] Example 2 like Figure 7 As shown, based on Embodiment 1, both the first quick-release module 7 and the second quick-release module 22 include a bearing seat 44. The bearing seat 44 includes a support housing 55 and an end cap 49 connected by fasteners. A bearing assembly is installed in the inner cavity formed by the support housing 55 and the end cap 49. A rotating shaft 46 with a variable inner diameter is sleeved inside the bearing assembly (a locking spacer 54 is threaded on the rotating shaft 46, one end of the locking spacer 54 abuts against the side wall of the bearing assembly, and the other end of the locking spacer 54 abuts against a locking nut 53 that is also threaded on the rotating shaft 46). A transition plate 45 is fixed to one end of the rotating shaft 46 by fasteners, and a flange shaft 56 is fixed to the other end of the rotating shaft 46 by fasteners. Among them, the bearing seat 44 of the first quick-release module 7 is fixedly connected to the front seat 8; the bearing seat 44 of the second quick-release module 22 is fixedly connected to the tail seat 21.

[0026] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 12 , Figure 13 , Figure 14 As shown, further, the first clamping module is either a three-jaw chuck or a floating self-centering mechanism; The second clamping module can be either a top-mounted or floating self-centering mechanism.

[0027] Furthermore, the three-jaw chuck is connected to the transition plate 45 of the first quick-release module 7 by fasteners; The tip is embedded in the inner cavity of the rotating shaft 46 of the second quick-release module 22; like Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the floating self-centering mechanism includes a base 33, which is connected to the transition plate 45 of the first quick-release module 7 and / or the second quick-release module 22 via fasteners. A housing 34 is fixedly connected to the base 33, and a worm gear nut positioning component 31 is fixedly connected inside the housing 34. A pair of angular contact ball bearings are supported on the worm gear nut positioning component 31, and a worm gear nut 29 is provided between the angular contact ball bearings. The worm gear nut 29 cooperates with a short lead screw 28, and a conical disk 25 is fixedly connected to one end of the short lead screw 28. Three long linear guide rails 26 are fixedly mounted on the conical surface of the conical disk 25. A long linear guide rail slider 27 is slidably connected to each long linear guide rail 26. A pawl 24 is fixedly connected to the long linear guide rail slider 27. A rectangular boss is provided on the side of the pawl 24, and a corresponding rectangular guide groove is provided on the inner wall of the housing 34. The rectangular boss of the pawl 24 is adapted to the rectangular guide groove of the housing 34. The worm gear of the worm gear nut 29 meshes with the worm gear. The housing includes a worm gear 30, which is supported at both ends by angular contact ball bearings and extends to a round hole in the housing 34. A square nut 32 is fixed to the extended end of the worm gear 30, and a square nut wrench is provided for the square nut 32. The chuck 24 includes a short linear guide rail 41, on which a short linear guide rail slider 42 is slidably connected. A guide rail limiter 43 for limiting the short linear guide rail slider 42 is also provided on the short linear guide rail 41. A floating chuck 35 is fixed to the surface of the short linear guide rail slider 42 by screws. A chuck connector 36 is fixed to the short linear guide rail 41. A sliding wedge 37 is fixed to the chuck connector 36 and connected to the short linear guide rail slider 42. The floating chuck 35 is threaded to a spring guide pin 39 with threads on its surface. A spring 38 is fitted on the spring guide pin 39. A spring baffle 40 adapted to the spring 38 is fixed to the chuck connector 36.

[0028] The bearing housing 44 provides high-precision support for the rotation of the ball screw 9. Its internal support shell 55 and end cover 49 are connected by fasteners (a gasket 50 is installed at the connection between the shell 55 and the end cover 49), forming the mounting cavity of the bearing assembly. The bearing assembly (including angular contact ball bearing 47, deep groove ball bearing 48, inner bearing spacer 51, and outer bearing spacer 52) ensures high-speed and stable rotation of the rotary shaft 46, reducing transmission errors. The rotary shaft 46 adopts an internal cavity diameter-changing design. One end is connected to the clamping module via a transition plate 45, and the other end is connected to the power or positioning components via a flange shaft 56, achieving power transmission and coaxiality assurance. In the first clamping module, a three-jaw chuck is fixed to the bearing housing 44 via the transition plate 45, achieving centering clamping and fixation of one end of the screw. The center is embedded in the inner cavity of the rotary shaft 46, providing centering support for the other end of the ball screw 9. In the floating self-centering mechanism, the base 33 serves as the mounting foundation, fixed to the transition plate 45, and the shell 3... 4. The internal transmission components are housed in a worm gear nut positioning component 31, which supports the angular contact ball bearing and the worm gear nut 29. The worm gear nut 29 cooperates with the short lead screw 28 to convert the rotational motion of the worm 30 into axial displacement. The worm 30 is supported by the angular contact ball bearing and is manually driven by a square nut 32 in conjunction with a special wrench. The conical disk 25 receives the axial force of the short lead screw. The long linear guide rail 26 on its conical surface cooperates with the long linear guide rail slider 27 to drive the chuck 24 to move synchronously radially along the rectangular guide groove of the housing 34, realizing the self-centering clamping of lead screws of different diameters. Inside the chuck 24, the short linear guide rail 41 and the short linear guide rail slider 42 ensure the axial floating of the floating chuck 35. The chuck connector 36 connects the short linear guide rail 41 and the sliding wedge 37. The thread on the surface of the spring guide pin 39 is used to install the spring 38. The spring 38 cooperates with the spring baffle 40 to realize the buffering and self-adaptive clamping of the floating chuck, avoiding damage to the surface of the lead screw. This solution, through the synergistic effect of various components, meets three installation requirements: "fixed at both ends", "fixed at one end and supported at the other", and "supported at both ends". It solves the problems of poor support adaptability and easy impact on accuracy when testing multi-specification lead screws, and balances testing efficiency and installation accuracy.

[0029] Example 3 Based on Embodiment 1, a power output and monitoring module is also included. The power output and monitoring module includes a motor bracket 1 and a dynamic torque sensor bracket 6 fixed to the front seat 8. A servo motor 2 is fixedly mounted on the motor bracket 1, and a circular grating 3 for monitoring the operating status of the servo motor 2 is also fixedly mounted on the motor bracket 1. A dynamic torque sensor 5 is placed on the dynamic torque sensor bracket 6. The output shaft of the servo motor 2 is connected to the input shaft of the dynamic torque sensor 5 through a coupling 4. The output shaft of the dynamic torque sensor 5 is connected to the flange shaft 56 of the first quick-release module 7 through a coupling 4, so as to realize real-time monitoring of power transmission and power output status.

[0030] The motor bracket 1 is fixed to the front seat 8 for stable mounting of the servo motor 2 and the circular grating 3. The servo motor 2 serves as a power source, outputting stable speed and torque through the coupling 4. The circular grating 3 collects operating parameters such as the speed and angle of the servo motor 2 in real time, providing data support for closed-loop control of power input. The dynamic torque sensor bracket 6 provides fixed support for the dynamic torque sensor 5, ensuring the stability of sensor measurement. The dynamic torque sensor 5 is connected in series between the servo motor 2 and the ball screw 9, capturing torque changes during power transmission in real time and accurately feeding back the power output status. The coupling 4 connects the output shaft of the servo motor 2 with the input shaft of the dynamic torque sensor 5, and the output shaft of the dynamic torque sensor 5 with the flange shaft 56 of the first quick-release module 7, compensating for installation coaxiality errors and achieving smooth power transmission. The flange shaft 56 acts as a power transmission intermediary, transmitting the power output by the dynamic torque sensor 5 to the ball screw 9 under test. Through the synergy of various components, the problems of unstable power output and inaccurate parameter monitoring in traditional testing platforms are solved, providing reliable data support for calculating performance indicators such as ball screw transmission efficiency, and ensuring the accuracy and repeatability of test results.

[0031] Example 4 Based on Embodiment 1, a motion positioning and accuracy monitoring module located in the middle of the bed 23 is also included. The motion positioning and accuracy monitoring module includes a parallel linear guide rail 18 fixed to the bed 23, a grating ruler 20 arranged between the linear guide rails 18, a linear guide rail slider 19 slidably connected to the linear guide rail 18, a slide block 10 fixed to the linear guide rail slider 19, a nut seat 12 fixed to the slide block 10, and a screw nut 11 adapted to the ball screw 9 under test is installed in the inner cavity of the nut seat 12, which is used to receive the motion transmission of the ball screw 9 under test and accurately monitor the positioning accuracy.

[0032] like Figure 8 , Figure 10 As shown, further, it also includes a preload control and friction monitoring module located on the motion positioning and accuracy monitoring module. The preload control and friction monitoring module includes an adaptive preload mechanism 13 installed on one side of the nut seat 12. On the side of the adaptive preload mechanism 13 away from the nut seat 12, there is a free nut 14 adapted to the ball screw 9 being tested. The free nut 14 is connected to a static torque sensor 15 through a force measuring ring 17. The static torque sensor 15 is fixed to the slide 10 through a static torque sensor bracket 16. The adaptive preload mechanism 13 includes a main nut 61. An acoustic emission sensor 72 is installed on the main nut 61. A flange sleeve 62 is fixed to the main nut 61. Ball-head piezoelectric actuators 63 are uniformly fixed to the flange of the main nut 61. A secondary nut 66 is fitted to the flange end of the flange sleeve 62 with a clearance fit. A cylindrical pin 65 and a force sensor 64 are uniformly fixed to the flange of the secondary nut 66. The cylindrical pin 65 is installed in the pin hole of the flange sleeve 62 and is used to control the preload and monitor the friction torque.

[0033] Parallel linear guide rails 18 are fixed to the bed 23, providing smooth sliding guidance for the slide 10 and ensuring linearity of motion. A grating ruler 20 is arranged between the two linear guide rails 18 to collect displacement data of the slide 10 in real time, accurately monitoring the positioning accuracy and repeatability of the ball screw 9. A linear guide rail slider 19 connects the linear guide rails 18 and the slide 10, enabling low-friction sliding of the slide 10 along the linear guide rails 18. The slide 10 carries components such as the nut seat 12 and the adaptive preload mechanism, moving synchronously with the ball screw 9. The nut seat 12 is fixed to the slide 10, providing a fixed installation reference for the screw nut 11, ensuring the fitting accuracy between the screw nut 11 and the ball screw 9. The screw nut 11 meshes with the measured ball screw 9, converting the rotational motion of the ball screw 9 into the linear motion of the slide 10. In the adaptive preload mechanism 13, the main nut 61 meshes with the ball screw 9 and is fixedly connected to the flange sleeve 62. Sleeve 62 provides mounting and guidance for the secondary nut 66. Ball-head piezoelectric actuators 63 are evenly distributed on the main nut flange, achieving axial extension and retraction through voltage adjustment to change the distance between the main and secondary nuts. Force sensor 64 is fixed to the secondary nut flange to monitor the preload in real time. Cylindrical pin 65 is installed in the flange sleeve pin hole to restrict the circumferential rotation of the secondary nut. Acoustic emission sensor 72 is installed on the main nut 61 to monitor the internal wear state of the nut pair in real time. Free nut 14 meshes with ball screw 9, transmitting the frictional torque between the screw and nut to force measuring ring 17. Force measuring ring 17, as a torque conversion component, converts the frictional torque into a measurable mechanical signal. Static torque sensor 15 is fixed to the slide through static torque sensor bracket 16, receiving the signal transmitted by the force measuring ring and accurately monitoring the dynamic frictional torque. Static torque sensor bracket 16 provides a stable mounting base for the sensor, avoiding the impact of vibration on measurement accuracy during testing. This solution, through the precise cooperation of various components, solves the problems of unadjustable preload, low positioning accuracy, and low frictional torque monitoring accuracy, comprehensively covering the core performance indicator testing requirements.

[0034] Example 5 like Figure 11 As shown, based on Embodiment 1, a thermal elongation measurement module is also included. The thermal elongation measurement module includes two reference plates 68 that are respectively fixed to the optical shafts at both ends of the working section of the ball screw 9 under test. Displacement sensors 67 are respectively arranged inside the two reference plates 68. The displacement sensors 67 are fixed to the displacement sensor fixing parts 69 through the displacement sensor mounting parts 70. The displacement sensor fixing parts 69 are made of a material with a low coefficient of thermal expansion and are used to measure the thermal elongation of the ball screw 9 under test in real time.

[0035] The reference plate 68 is fixed to the optical shafts at both ends of the working section of the ball screw 9 under test. It undergoes axial displacement synchronously with the thermal expansion of the ball screw 9, serving as a dynamic reference for thermal expansion measurement. The displacement sensor 67, a high-precision model, is arranged inside the reference plate 68, capturing minute axial movements of the reference plate 68 in real time and converting the displacement signal into an electrical signal. The displacement sensor mounting component 70 is used to fix the displacement sensor 67, ensuring the relative positional accuracy between the displacement sensor 67 and the reference plate 68. The displacement sensor fixing component 69 uses materials with low thermal expansion coefficients, such as glass substrates and carbon fiber substrates, whose structural dimensions are unaffected by temperature changes, providing a stable mounting reference for the displacement sensor 67 and avoiding interference from ambient temperature in the measurement results. The controller receives the signal transmitted by the displacement sensor 67 and calculates the overall thermal expansion of the ball screw 9 under test based on the thermal expansion at the reference plate 68. Through the coordinated operation of all components, the problems of large temperature interference and low accuracy in traditional thermal expansion measurement are solved, providing crucial data support for evaluating the screw's accuracy retention.

[0036] Example 6 like Figure 9 As shown, based on Embodiment 1, a multi-parameter integrated sensing and monitoring module is also included. The multi-parameter integrated sensing and monitoring module includes temperature sensors 57 respectively arranged on the side of the first quick-release module 7, the slide 10, the second quick-release module 22 and the nut seat 12; embedded temperature sensors 60 arranged in the first quick-release module 7, the nut seat 12 and the second quick-release module 22; vibration sensors 59 arranged on the top and side of the nut seat 12; acceleration sensors 58 arranged on the front seat 8, the tail seat 21 and the nut seat 12 of the bed 23; and sound level meters 71 arranged around the bed 23, for comprehensively monitoring performance parameters such as temperature rise, vibration and noise.

[0037] Temperature sensor 57 monitors the external temperature rise of these key components in real time; embedded temperature sensor 60 accurately captures the actual operating temperature of core components such as bearings and nuts inside the bearing housing; vibration sensor 59 is arranged on the top and sides of nut seat 12 to monitor the axial and radial vibration amplitude and frequency of the nut, reflecting the stability of the ball screw 9 operation; acceleration sensor 58 indirectly evaluates the overall vibration of the platform and the transmission smoothness of ball screw 9 by measuring acceleration changes; sound level meter 71 is arranged around bed 23 to comprehensively collect environmental noise from different directions and the noise generated by the screw operation, quantifying the noise level; slide 10 and nut seat 12 provide a close-range mounting reference for the sensors, ensuring the authenticity of the monitoring signals. Through the synergy of various sensors and mounting carriers, the problem of single performance parameter monitoring in traditional testing platforms is solved, providing comprehensive and three-dimensional multi-parameter data support for the reliability, stability assessment, and fault diagnosis of ball screws.

[0038] This invention also discloses a method for testing the comprehensive performance of ball screws, comprising the following steps: S1: Select one of the three installation methods, namely "fixed at both ends", "fixed at one end and supported at the other end" or "supported at both ends", according to the requirements. The self-centering mechanism of the first quick-release module 7 and the second quick-release module 22 can quickly clamp the lead screws of different specifications without replacing the bearing seat 44. After installation, all sensors need to be calibrated and zeroed to ensure accurate measurement reference.

[0039] S2: Voltage is applied through the ball-head piezoelectric actuator 63 of the adaptive preload mechanism 13 to adjust the distance between the main nut 61 and the secondary nut 66. With the closed-loop feedback of the force sensor 64, the target preload is precisely set, while the vibration and wear status of the nut pair are monitored.

[0040] S3: When the drive screw is running, multiple sensors synchronously collect data at a set frequency, covering core indicators such as positioning accuracy, dynamic friction torque, temperature rise, vibration / acceleration, noise, and thermal expansion, to maintain stable working conditions.

[0041] S4: Filter and denoise the raw data and perform benchmark correction (ambient temperature compensation, torque zero point correction, etc.). Accurately calculate eight performance indicators based on sensor data. Focus on ensuring the accuracy of thermal elongation measurement through displacement sensor fixture 69. Finally, output a standardized comprehensive performance report.

[0042] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0043] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0044] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A comprehensive performance testing platform for ball screws, characterized in that, The bed (23) includes a front seat (8) fixedly connected to one end of the top of the bed (23), and a first quick-release module (7) fixedly connected to the front seat (8); a tailstock (21) fixedly connected to the other end of the top of the bed (23), and a second quick-release module (22) fixedly connected to the tailstock (21). A first clamping module is installed on the first quick-release module (7), and a second clamping module is installed on the second quick-release module (22). The first clamping module and the second clamping module are used to support and clamp the ball screw (9) to be tested; wherein, the internal structure of the first quick-release module (7) and the second quick-release module (22) is the same.

2. The ball screw comprehensive performance testing platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first quick-release module (7) and the second quick-release module (22) include a bearing housing (44). The bearing housing (44) includes a support shell (55) and an end cap (49) connected by fasteners. A bearing assembly is installed in the inner cavity formed by the support shell (55) and the end cap (49). A rotating shaft (46) with a variable inner diameter is sleeved inside the bearing assembly. One end of the rotating shaft (46) is fixed to a transition plate (45) by fasteners, and the other end of the rotating shaft (46) is fixed to a flange shaft (56) by fasteners. Among them, the bearing seat (44) of the first quick-release module (7) is fixedly connected to the front seat (8); the bearing seat (44) of the second quick-release module (22) is fixedly connected to the tail seat (21).

3. The ball screw comprehensive performance testing platform according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first clamping module is either a three-jaw chuck or a floating self-centering mechanism; The second clamping module is either a top point or a floating self-centering mechanism.

4. The ball screw comprehensive performance testing platform according to claim 3, characterized in that, The three-jaw chuck is connected to the transition plate (45) of the first quick-release module (7) by fasteners; The tip is embedded in the cavity of the rotating shaft (46) of the second quick-release module (22); The floating self-centering mechanism includes a base (33), which is connected to the transition plate (45) of the first quick-release module (7) and / or the second quick-release module (22) by fasteners. A housing (34) is fixedly connected to the base (33), and a worm gear nut positioning component (31) is fixedly connected inside the housing (34). A pair of angular contact ball bearings are supported on the worm gear nut positioning component (31), and a worm gear nut (29) is provided between the angular contact ball bearings. The worm gear nut (29) is connected to the short lead screw ( 28) In a coordinated manner, a conical disk (25) is fixedly connected to one end of a short lead screw (28); three long linear guides (26) are fixedly mounted on the conical surface of the conical disk (25), and a long linear guide slider (27) is slidably connected to each long linear guide (26). A pawl (24) is fixedly connected to the long linear guide slider (27), and a rectangular boss is provided on the side of the pawl (24). A rectangular guide groove is correspondingly provided on the inner wall of the housing (34). The rectangular boss of the pawl (24) and the rectangular guide groove of the housing (34) are connected to each other. The worm gear nut (29) is fitted with a worm (30) and the worm (30) is supported at both ends by angular contact ball bearings and one end extends to the round hole of the housing (34). A square nut (32) is fixed to the extended end of the worm (30), and a square nut wrench is provided for the square nut (32). The pawl (24) includes a short linear guide rail (41), and a short linear guide rail slider (42) is slidably connected on the short linear guide rail (41). A floating chuck (35) is fixed to the surface by screws. A short linear guide rail (41) is fixed to a chuck connector (36). A sliding wedge (37) is fixed to the chuck connector (36) and connected to the slider (42) of the short linear guide rail. A spring guide pin (39) with threads on its surface is connected to the floating chuck (35) by threads. A spring (38) is fitted on the spring guide pin (39). A spring baffle (40) that is compatible with the spring (38) is fixed to the chuck connector (36).

5. The ball screw comprehensive performance testing platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a power output and monitoring module, which includes a motor bracket (1) fixed to the front seat (8) and a dynamic torque sensor bracket (6). A servo motor (2) is fixed on the motor bracket (1), and a circular grating (3) for monitoring the operating status of the servo motor (2) is also fixed on the motor bracket (1). A dynamic torque sensor (5) is placed on the dynamic torque sensor bracket (6). The output shaft of the servo motor (2) is connected to the input shaft of the dynamic torque sensor (5) through a coupling (4). The output shaft of the dynamic torque sensor (5) is connected to the flange shaft (56) of the first quick-release module (7) through a coupling (4), so as to realize the real-time monitoring of power transmission and power output status.

6. The ball screw comprehensive performance testing platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a motion positioning and accuracy monitoring module located in the middle of the bed (23). The motion positioning and accuracy monitoring module includes a parallel linear guide rail (18) fixed to the bed (23). A grating ruler (20) is arranged between the linear guide rails (18). A linear guide rail slider (19) is slidably connected to the linear guide rail (18). A slide block (10) is fixed to the linear guide rail slider (19). A nut seat (12) is fixed to the slide block (10). The inner cavity of the nut seat (12) is equipped with a screw nut (11) that is compatible with the ball screw (9) under test, which is used to receive the motion transmission of the ball screw (9) under test and accurately monitor the positioning accuracy.

7. The ball screw comprehensive performance testing platform according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a preload control and friction monitoring module mounted on the motion positioning and accuracy monitoring module. The preload control and friction monitoring module includes an adaptive preload mechanism (13) mounted on one side of the nut seat (12). On the side of the adaptive preload mechanism (13) away from the nut seat (12), a free nut (14) adapted to the ball screw (9) being tested is provided. The free nut (14) is connected to a static torque sensor (15) via a force measuring ring (17). The static torque sensor (15) is fixed to the slide (10) via a static torque sensor bracket (16). The adaptive preload mechanism (13) includes a main nut (61), on which an acoustic emission sensor (72) is mounted. A flange sleeve (62) is fixed to the main nut (61). Ball-head piezoelectric actuators (63) are uniformly fixed to the flange of the main nut (61). A secondary nut (66) is fitted to the flange end of the flange sleeve (62) with a clearance fit. A cylindrical pin (65) and a force sensor (64) are uniformly fixed to the flange of the secondary nut (66). The cylindrical pin (65) is installed in the pin hole of the flange sleeve (62) and is used to adjust the preload and monitor the friction torque.

8. The ball screw comprehensive performance testing platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a thermal elongation measurement module, which includes two reference plates (68) fixedly attached to the optical shafts at both ends of the working section of the ball screw (9) under test. Displacement sensors (67) are arranged on the inner sides of the two reference plates (68). The displacement sensors (67) are fixedly attached to the displacement sensor fixing parts (69) through the displacement sensor mounting parts (70). The displacement sensor fixing parts (69) are made of a material with a low coefficient of thermal expansion and are used to measure the thermal elongation of the ball screw (9) under test in real time.

9. The ball screw comprehensive performance testing platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a multi-parameter integrated sensing and monitoring module, which includes temperature sensors (57) respectively arranged on the side of the first quick-release module (7), the slide (10), the second quick-release module (22) and the nut seat (12), embedded temperature sensors (60) arranged in the first quick-release module (7), the nut seat (12) and the second quick-release module (22), vibration sensors (59) arranged on the top and side of the nut seat (12), acceleration sensors (58) arranged on the front seat (8), the tail seat (21) and the nut seat (12) of the bed (23), and sound level meters (71) arranged around the bed (23) for comprehensive monitoring of temperature rise, vibration and noise performance parameters.

10. A method for testing the comprehensive performance of ball screws, using the comprehensive performance testing platform for ball screws as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Install the ball screw (9) onto the platform and initialize each sensor; S2: Adjust the adaptive preload mechanism (13) and set the target preload force; S3: Drive the ball screw (9) to run, and each sensor synchronously collects the data of the ball screw (9); S4: Processes data and outputs comprehensive performance indicators such as positioning accuracy, repeatability, friction torque, transmission efficiency, temperature rise, vibration, noise, and thermal expansion.

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