Testing device and testing method for measuring infiltration characteristics and erosion amount of earthen ruins

Abstract

The invention discloses a test device and a test method for measuring the infiltration characteristic and erosion amount of an earthen ruins, and the device comprises a wind-driven rain simulation system which is used for generating a wind-rain coupling field with controllable wind speed and rain intensity in a test area; the test soil box is arranged in the test area of the wind-driven rain simulation system and is used for containing a soil sample test block; the test soil box is of a one-fourth cylindrical structure defined by four transparent side plates, and the arc surface is open, so that the infiltration depth, the path and the wetting front position of rainwater in a soil sample test block can be conveniently observed; the data acquisition system is used for acquiring soil sample quality and form data before and after the test and in the test process; according to the scheme, accurate and quantitative analysis of the total infiltration amount and the total erosion amount can be realized; meanwhile, the local erosion degrees of different areas on the surface of the soil sample can be visually and accurately quantified, and the method is combined with image recording equipment to obtain spatial distribution characteristics of erosion and form an erosion distribution diagram, so that a basis is provided for targeted protection design of earthen ruins.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering technology, specifically to a test device and test method for determining the infiltration characteristics and erosion of earthen sites. Background Technology

[0002] Earthen sites are important cultural heritage sites, exposed to the natural environment for a long time. Wind and rain are the main forces driving their surface erosion and internal damage. At present, research on the protection of earthen sites mainly focuses on material modification or reinforcement techniques, while basic research on the infiltration and erosion mechanisms under the coupled action of wind and rain is still insufficient. Existing indoor simulation test devices have the following limitations: 1. It is difficult to realistically reproduce the complex boundary conditions of wind and rain coupling; 2. It focuses more on qualitative observation of surface erosion and lacks precise quantitative means for infiltration and erosion; 3. It cannot effectively measure the spatial distribution of erosion on the soil surface.

[0003] Therefore, developing a test device and method that can accurately quantify infiltration characteristics, total erosion, and local erosion distribution is of great significance for scientifically assessing the durability of earthen sites and formulating protection strategies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a test apparatus and method for determining the infiltration characteristics and erosion of earthen archaeological sites that is structurally sound, precise in measurement, and accurate in quantification.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: Firstly, a test apparatus for determining the infiltration characteristics and erosion amount of earthen archaeological sites is provided, comprising: The wind-driven rain simulation system is used to generate a wind-rain coupling field with controllable wind speed and rain intensity in the test area. The test soil box is placed in the test area of ​​the wind-driven rain simulation system and is used to hold soil sample blocks. The test soil box is a quarter-cylindrical structure formed by four transparent side panels. The arc surface of the test soil box is open to observe the infiltration depth, path and wetting front position of rainwater in the soil sample blocks. The data acquisition system is used to obtain soil sample quality and morphology data before, during, and after the experiment.

[0006] Furthermore, the wind-driven rain simulation system includes a fan for generating and regulating wind speed, a sprinkler system for generating and regulating rainfall intensity, and a control unit for independently or collaboratively controlling wind speed and rainfall intensity parameters.

[0007] Furthermore, the bottom plate of the test soil box is a porous plate with several permeation holes evenly distributed. A tray is placed below the test soil box, and a filter screen is laid in the tray to receive and filter the seeping mud-water mixture.

[0008] Furthermore, the filter screen has a mesh size of 150.

[0009] Furthermore, the data acquisition system includes an image recording device for recording the infiltration process of rainwater in the soil sample, an oven for drying the soil sample blocks after the test and the wet soil particles collected by the filter screen, a test soil box for weighing the test soil, and a high-precision balance for weighing the soil sample blocks and the soil particles collected by the filter screen before and after the test.

[0010] Secondly, a test method for determining the infiltration characteristics and erosion amount of earthen archaeological sites is provided, comprising the following steps: S1. Sample preparation and initial weighing: Prepare remolded soil sample blocks according to the density of undisturbed soil and place them in the test soil box. Use a high-precision balance to weigh and record the total mass M1 of the test soil box and the dry soil sample blocks. S2, Wind-driven rain erosion state simulation: Set the parameters of the wind-driven rain simulation system and start it to subject the soil sample block to wind-driven rain erosion for a predetermined time. S3. Weighing and sample processing after the test: After the test, weigh the total mass M2 of the test soil box and the wet soil sample block, and weigh the mass M3 of the wet soil particles collected by the filter screen in the tray. Then dry the wet soil particles collected by the filter screen to obtain their dry mass M4. S4. Calculation of Erosion and Infiltration: The total erosion of earthen sites by wind and rain is characterized by the dry mass M4 of wet soil particles; the formula for calculating the total infiltration M0 of earthen sites by wind and rain is as follows: M0 = M4 + M2 - M1.

[0011] Furthermore, the experimental method also includes a method for analyzing local erosion, which includes the following steps: A1: Dry the test soil box and wet soil sample block together after the test; A2: Fill the local erosion pits in the dried soil sample block with dry standard sand, and scrape the surface of the soil sample block until it returns to its initial shape before the test. A3: Weigh the mass of the standard sand used for filling and calculate the volume of the eroded filling part based on the density of the standard sand; A4: Calculate the local erosion mass of the soil sample block based on the volume of the eroded filling part and the density of the soil sample block; A5: Repeat steps A2-A4 until the calculation of all local erosion is completed.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S2, the changes in rainwater infiltration depth, path, and wetting front position are directly observed through the transparent side panel of the test soil box or recorded through an image recording device.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S2, when installing the test soil box, the open arc surface of the test soil box is aligned with the incoming flow direction of the wind-driven rain simulation system.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This scheme, through a unique experimental device structure design and a complete mass measurement and calculation process, achieves accurate and quantitative analysis of total infiltration and total erosion, avoiding estimation errors of traditional methods. At the same time, it innovatively proposes the "drying-sand filling method," which can intuitively and accurately quantify the local erosion degree of different areas on the soil sample surface. Combined with image recording equipment, it obtains the spatial distribution characteristics of erosion, forms an erosion distribution map, and provides a basis for targeted protection design.

[0015] 2. This scheme allows direct observation and recording of the entire process of rainwater infiltration depth, path, and wetting front location through a transparent side panel. It also uses image recording equipment to record the infiltration process of rainwater in soil sample blocks, achieving comprehensive visualization research on the infiltration and erosion processes. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become clearer through the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals indicate the same parts in all the drawings. The drawings are not intentionally drawn to scale to actual dimensions; the focus is on illustrating the main points of the invention.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the experimental setup for this scheme.

[0018] The components include: 1. Transparent side panel; 2. Perforated plate; 3. Filter screen; 4. Tray. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0020] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0021] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0022] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, the experimental setup for determining the infiltration characteristics and erosion of earthen archaeological sites includes: a wind-driven rain simulation system, used to generate a wind-rain coupling field with controllable wind speed and rainfall intensity in the test area; a test soil box, placed within the test area of ​​the wind-driven rain simulation system, used to hold soil sample blocks; the test soil box is a quarter-cylindrical structure formed by four transparent side panels 1, with the arc surface of the test soil box open to observe the infiltration depth, path, and wetting front position of rainwater in the soil sample blocks; and a data acquisition system, used to acquire soil sample quality and morphology data before, during, and after the test.

[0024] As an optional implementation, the wind-driven rain simulation system includes a fan for generating and regulating wind speed, a sprinkler system for generating and regulating rainfall intensity, and a control unit for independently or collaboratively controlling wind speed and rainfall intensity parameters.

[0025] As an optional implementation, the bottom plate of the test soil box is a porous plate 2 with a number of permeable holes evenly distributed. A tray 4 is set below the test soil box. A filter screen 3 for receiving and filtering the seeping mud-water mixture is laid in the tray 4. The filter screen 3 is preferably 150 mesh to effectively separate water and wet soil fine particles.

[0026] As an optional implementation, the data acquisition system includes an image recording device for recording the infiltration process of rainwater in the soil sample, an oven for drying the soil sample blocks after the test and the wet soil particles filtered by the filter screen 3, a test soil box for weighing the test soil, and a high-precision balance for weighing the soil sample blocks before and after the test and the soil particles collected by the filter screen 3.

[0027] This solution also provides a test method for determining the infiltration characteristics and erosion amount of earthen archaeological sites using an experimental apparatus, which includes the following steps: S1. Sample preparation and initial weighing: Prepare remolded soil sample blocks according to the density of undisturbed soil and place them in the test soil box. Use a high-precision balance to weigh and record the total mass M1 of the test soil box and the dry soil sample blocks. S2, Simulation of wind-driven rain erosion: Install the test soil box in the test area of ​​the wind-driven rain simulation system, and align the open arc surface of the test soil box with the incoming flow direction of the wind-driven rain simulation system; set the parameters of the wind-driven rain simulation system and start it, subject the soil sample block to wind-driven rain erosion for a predetermined time, and observe directly through the transparent side plate 1 of the test soil box or record the changes in rainwater infiltration depth, path and wetting front position through image recording equipment. S3. Weighing and sample processing after the test: After the test, weigh the total mass M2 of the test soil box and the wet soil sample block, and weigh the mass M3 of the wet soil particles collected by the filter screen 3 in the tray 4. Then dry the wet soil particles collected by the filter screen 3 to obtain its dry mass M4. S4. Calculation of Erosion and Infiltration: The total erosion of earthen sites by wind and rain is characterized by the dry mass M4 of wet soil particles; the formula for calculating the total infiltration M0 of earthen sites by wind and rain is as follows: M0 = M4 + M2 - M1.

[0028] The experimental methods in this scheme also include a method for analyzing local erosion, which includes the following steps: A1: Dry the test soil box and wet soil sample block together after the test; A2: Fill the local erosion pits in the dried soil sample block with dry standard sand, and scrape the surface of the soil sample block until it returns to its initial shape before the test. A3: Weigh the mass of the standard sand used for filling, and calculate the volume of the eroded filling part based on the density of the standard sand. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0029] in, The volume of the eroded and filled portion of the earthen ruins. The mass of the standard sand used for filling. The density of standard sand; A4: Calculate the local erosion mass of the soil sample block based on the volume of the eroded fill and the density of the soil sample block. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0030] in, To reconstruct the local erosion quality of the soil sample blocks, This represents the density of the soil sample block.

[0031] A5: Repeat steps A2-A4 until the calculation of all local erosion is completed.

[0032] In summary, this scheme has constructed a complete, accurate, visual, and reliable experimental device and method for the infiltration and erosion of earthen sites. It not only solves the four major problems of "difficulty in quantification, difficulty in location, difficulty in observation, and difficulty in reproduction" in existing technologies, but also provides a scientific and reliable data foundation and experimental means for the durability assessment of earthen sites, the selection of protective materials, and the early warning of regional wind and rain disasters.

[0033] Although the specific embodiments of the invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this patent; various modifications and variations that can be made by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort within the scope described in the claims are still within the scope of protection of this patent.

Claims

1. A test apparatus for determining the infiltration characteristics and erosion amount of earthen archaeological sites, characterized in that, include: The wind-driven rain simulation system is used to generate a wind-rain coupling field with controllable wind speed and rain intensity in the test area. The test soil box is placed in the test area of ​​the wind-driven rain simulation system and is used to hold soil sample blocks. The test soil box is a quarter-cylindrical structure formed by four transparent side panels. The arc surface of the test soil box is open to observe the infiltration depth, path and wetting front position of rainwater in the soil sample blocks. The data acquisition system is used to obtain soil sample quality and morphology data before, during, and after the experiment.

2. The experimental apparatus for determining the infiltration characteristics and erosion of earthen archaeological sites according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wind-driven rain simulation system includes a fan for generating and regulating wind speed, a sprinkler system for generating and regulating rainfall intensity, and a control unit for independently or collaboratively controlling wind speed and rainfall intensity parameters.

3. The experimental apparatus for determining the infiltration characteristics and erosion of earthen archaeological sites according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom plate of the test soil box is a porous plate with a number of evenly distributed seepage holes. A tray is placed below the test soil box, and a filter screen is laid in the tray to receive and filter the seepage mud-water mixture.

4. The experimental apparatus for determining the infiltration characteristics and erosion amount of earthen archaeological sites according to claim 3, characterized in that, The filter screen has a mesh size of 150.

5. The experimental apparatus for determining the infiltration characteristics and erosion of earthen archaeological sites according to claim 3, characterized in that, The data acquisition system includes an image recording device for recording the infiltration process of rainwater in soil samples, an oven for drying soil sample blocks and wet soil particles collected by the filter after the test, a soil weighing box for weighing the test soil, and a high-precision balance for weighing the soil sample blocks and soil particles collected by the filter before and after the test.

6. A test method using the test apparatus for determining the infiltration characteristics and erosion amount of earthen archaeological sites according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Sample preparation and initial weighing: Prepare remolded soil sample blocks according to the density of undisturbed soil and place them in the test soil box. Use a high-precision balance to weigh and record the total mass M1 of the test soil box and the dry soil sample blocks. S2, Wind-driven rain erosion state simulation: Set the parameters of the wind-driven rain simulation system and start it to subject the soil sample block to wind-driven rain erosion for a predetermined time. S3. Weighing and sample processing after the test: After the test, weigh the total mass M2 of the test soil box and the wet soil sample block, and weigh the mass M3 of the wet soil particles collected by the filter screen in the tray. Then dry the wet soil particles collected by the filter screen to obtain their dry mass M4. S4. Calculation of Erosion and Infiltration: The total erosion of earthen sites by wind and rain is characterized by the dry mass M4 of wet soil particles; the formula for calculating the total infiltration M0 of earthen sites by wind and rain is as follows: M0 = M4 + M2 - M1.

7. The test method of the test apparatus for determining the infiltration characteristics and erosion of earthen archaeological sites according to claim 6, characterized in that, The experimental method also includes a method for analyzing local erosion, which comprises the following steps: A1: Dry the test soil box and wet soil sample block together after the test; A2: Fill the local erosion pits in the dried soil sample block with dry standard sand, and scrape the surface of the soil sample block until it returns to its initial shape before the test. A3: Weigh the mass of the standard sand used for filling and calculate the volume of the eroded filling part based on the density of the standard sand; A4: Calculate the local erosion mass of the soil sample block based on the volume of the eroded filling part and the density of the soil sample block; A5: Repeat steps A2-A4 until the calculation of all local erosion is completed.

8. The test method of the test apparatus for determining the infiltration characteristics and erosion of earthen archaeological sites according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S2, the changes in rainwater infiltration depth, path, and wetting front position are observed directly through the transparent side panel of the test soil box or recorded through an image recording device.

9. The test method of the test apparatus for determining the infiltration characteristics and erosion of earthen archaeological sites according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S2, when installing the test soil box, the open arc surface of the test soil box is aligned with the incoming flow direction of the wind-driven rain simulation system.

Images