Express transportation management system and method based on RFID lightweight algorithm

Abstract

The invention provides an express delivery transportation management system and method based on an RFID lightweight algorithm, the system is composed of an RFID tag, a reader-writer, a reader, a back-end server, an intelligent terminal device (such as a mobile phone and a computer) and the like, the manual sorting process is optimized through the RFID technology, and the intelligent level of express delivery tracking, positioning and information management is improved. In order to guarantee data privacy, a lightweight security protocol is introduced into the system design, it is ensured that an unauthorized module cannot read sensitive information of a user, an electronic tag is used for replacing a traditional paper express sheet, and the problem of user privacy disclosure is effectively avoided. According to the technical scheme, on the premise of protecting the personal information of the user, the digital management level and the overall operation efficiency of the logistics process are improved. According to the method, an RFID (radio frequency identification) technology and an identity authentication mechanism are fused, a self-developed lightweight security algorithm protocol is adopted, and a complete logistics process from a delivery end to a receiving end is constructed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of communication and logistics management technology, and in particular to a fast mail transportation management system and method based on a lightweight RFID algorithm. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of IoT technology, the logistics industry is gradually evolving towards intelligence and automation. Currently, logistics companies' express delivery management systems generally rely on manual operation in the sorting and transportation stages, which is not only inefficient and error-prone but also suffers from a lack of transparency in the processing of express delivery information. Especially when using traditional paper waybills, users' personal information is easily exposed, making it difficult to guarantee privacy and security.

[0003] While some existing systems use RFID tags for package identification, they typically still directly link the tags to ID cards or ID numbers, increasing the risk of identity information leakage and posing a risk of packages being fraudulently claimed if the ID card is lost. Furthermore, current RFID systems generally lack effective encryption mechanisms, making them vulnerable to information theft and tampering attacks. If the backend database is compromised, it will result in serious personal privacy breaches and systemic data risks.

[0004] With data security, processing efficiency, and privacy protection receiving increasing attention, existing technologies are struggling to meet the urgent needs of smart logistics development. Therefore, there is a pressing need for a parcel delivery management method that combines high efficiency, strong privacy protection, and secure authentication mechanisms. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a fast mail transportation management system and method based on a lightweight RFID algorithm, which aims to solve the problems of personal information leakage, high error rate of manual sorting, low logistics efficiency and lack of process traceability in existing systems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a fast mail transportation management system based on a lightweight RFID algorithm, comprising:

[0007] A lightweight security algorithm is established to implement identity authentication between tags, readers, and backend servers;

[0008] Equip the package with an RFID tag that has a unique serial number and an embedded integrated circuit chip to uniquely identify the package.

[0009] Configure the GSM module to send the package information read by the RFID module to the user via SMS;

[0010] Design a self-adhesive sticker with a double bottom and three layers, embedding RFID tags between the first and second layers, with the second layer having weak adhesion;

[0011] Set up a paper outer packaging box, printed with a unique serial number consisting of numbers and letters, as a physical identifier for the package;

[0012] Set up RFID readers, enter user information, shipping and receiving addresses, packaging box serial numbers and logistics tracking numbers, and randomly generate unique serial numbers for tags. Then upload the relevant data to the backend server.

[0013] Set up multi-mode, multi-frequency RFID tag readers for tag identification in the express delivery transit, warehousing and pre-sorting process;

[0014] Design a sorting and conveying device with reading function, sort according to the transportation route calculated by the back-end server, and then pack them together by the operators before entering the next transit link;

[0015] A large backend server is set up to back up all tag information; with the help of a reader, customers can view the entry, sorting, transportation status and time information of the express shipment in real time through the application terminal, ensuring the privacy of user data throughout the process;

[0016] Establish an environmentally friendly recycling mechanism to realize the recycling of labels, data formatting and processing, and reuse, in response to green and environmental protection policies;

[0017] Configure an integrated application module to support functions such as express delivery information query, identity verification, map positioning and QR code recognition;

[0018] A pickup code mechanism is set up so that when a package arrives at the station corresponding to the delivery address, the system automatically generates a unique pickup code to identify the corresponding package.

[0019] A PIN-based pickup mechanism is implemented, requiring recipients to enter the correct PIN to collect their packages, thus enhancing security during the pickup process.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the lightweight security algorithm specifically includes:

[0021] By combining the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) algorithm with the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm—a low-memory, high-security encryption protocol—and utilizing the unique serial number of the parcel tag, authentication and data encryption are performed between the tag, reader, and backend server, ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of the tag content during transmission and storage.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the backend server includes a backend database system for storing tag information and reader data, supporting data visualization management and real-time monitoring of the entire express delivery process status;

[0023] The backend server supports readers and writers to upload and share data, and verifies the legitimacy of the package's identity through a unique identifier.

[0024] The background database system automatically plans the optimal transportation route and sends route instructions to the express sorting equipment.

[0025] The backend server stores customer and mail / receiver address information to assist in identity verification and package pickup security management;

[0026] The backend server uses RFID technology to achieve real-time tracking of the location and transportation status of express packages. Customers can view the warehousing, sorting and transportation process of express packages in real time through a mobile APP, which improves the transparency of logistics information and the traceability of the whole process.

[0027] All user information is encrypted within the backend database system to ensure customers receive their packages with privacy protected.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the RFID tag reader includes a handheld reader, an inbound / outbound reader, a fixed pickup reader, a mobile transport reader, or a parcel sorting reader.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, the RFID reader is specifically a fixed or mobile terminal module with input and display functions.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, in the double-bottomed, three-layer self-adhesive sticker, the label holder is placed between the first and second layers of the sticker; the third layer is an adhesive layer that is directly attached to the surface of the express package; a semi-circular opening with an area of ​​0.16π is reserved for peeling off and reading the label, and is set on the side of the express package.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the environmentally friendly recycling mechanism specifically includes:

[0032] A complete RFID tag recycling and processing process, including recycling, data erasure / reset, reuse, and background data synchronization and deletion mechanism;

[0033] After the tags are recycled, their unique serial numbers are removed from the database through the backend system to prevent information leakage.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the unique serial number uses a 16-bit unique identifier and is attached to the outer packaging as a hot melt adhesive printed sticker; when the label is lost, the label is regenerated using the unique serial number, and the original label serial number is erased and replaced in the background server.

[0035] This invention also provides a method for managing express delivery based on a lightweight RFID algorithm, and a management system for managing express delivery based on a lightweight RFID algorithm, comprising:

[0036] S1 System Initialization Phase: During the parcel delivery preparation process, an RFID reader generates a unique serial number for each parcel, and this unique serial number is encrypted and bound to the sender and recipient information to ensure the uniqueness and unforgeability of the data, including:

[0037] A unique Tid is generated using a cryptographically based secure pseudo-random number generator:

[0038] Random number generation formula and the next random number

[0039] Where, x n The current random number is M, which is the product of two large prime numbers p and q, ensuring the unpredictability and security of the generated sequence.

[0040] S2 Information Synchronization Phase: The system uploads tag initialization information to the backend server in real time via the wireless communication module and synchronizes it to the user's application module, enabling full-process tracking and monitoring of the express delivery; specifically including:

[0041] S21 Full-Duplex Communication Mechanism: The improved WebSocket protocol is used to implement full-duplex communication between the client and server, and the following model is established:

[0042] S211 Communication Reliability Model: Reliability R(t) = e -λt ·(1-e -μt ), where λ is the communication failure rate, μ is the recovery rate, and R(t) is the communication reliability index at time t;

[0043] S212 Connection Stability Evaluation Function: State Score R(τ) is used to measure the average connection stability over the time interval [0, t], where R(τ) represents the communication reliability at time τ.

[0044] S22 Adaptive Resume Mechanism: Dynamically adjusts data fragmentation strategy based on network conditions to improve transmission efficiency and robustness;

[0045] S221 Dynamic Sharding S i The calculation formula for S: i =min(B w ,RTT·BW·(1+γ·L i ), where B w Where is the current network congestion window size, RTT is the network round-trip time, BW is the bandwidth, γ is the network fluctuation adjustment coefficient, and L is the network congestion window size. i Let i be the packet loss rate of fragment i;

[0046] S222 transmission efficiency evaluation metrics: Among them, P eFor transmission error rate, T i Let η be the transmission duration of fragment i, and η be the transmission efficiency of the fragment under the current network conditions.

[0047] S3 Logistics Status Tracking Phase: This phase utilizes fixed inbound and outbound readers to achieve high-frequency identification of RFID parcel tags and dynamic updates to logistics status; specifically including:

[0048] S31 Label Recognition and Verification:

[0049] S311 read success rate P s Assessment: P s = (1-BER) n ·(1-P c ), where BER represents the bit error rate, P c Let n be the channel collision probability, and n be the tag bit length;

[0050] S312 anti-collision recognition efficiency Where, N s To successfully identify the number of tags, N t T represents the total number of tags. s For reading time;

[0051] The S4 intelligent sorting stage: Based on an improved Dijkstra path optimization algorithm combined with Kalman filtering technology, dynamic sorting path prediction and position estimation are achieved; specifically including:

[0052] S41 Multidimensional Path Planning Optimization:

[0053] S411 Time Optimization Model T opt =min(Σ(t) i +w t ·σ t ), where t i For the time consumed in each transportation segment, σ t For time fluctuation, w t These are the weighting coefficients;

[0054] S412 Space Optimization Model S opt =min(Σ(d) i +w d ·σ d ), where d i For the distance component, σ d For spatial error degree, w d These are the weighting coefficients;

[0055] S5 Secure Package Retrieval Stage: Utilizing both fixed and mobile package readers, multi-factor authentication ensures secure package retrieval; this includes the following functional modules:

[0056] S51 Fixed Package Reader Functions:

[0057] S511 Hardware Initialization and System Parameter Configuration: Reader Power Configuration, Communication Protocol Initialization;

[0058] S512 Session Timeout Detection and Exception Handling: T timeout =T current -T start >T threshold , among which, T current For the current system time, T start T is the system time at which the session begins. threshold This is the session timeout threshold.

[0059] S513 hash chain authentication mechanism: H i =Hash(H i-1 ||T||Nonce), where H i-1 T is the hash value of the previous time step, T is the current timestamp, and Nonce is a random number;

[0060] S514 Biometrics Acquisition: Feature Extraction Algorithm, Matching Calculation;

[0061] S515 Distributed Data Storage and Consistency Maintenance;

[0062] S52 Mobile Package Reader Functions:

[0063] S521 Reader Initialization: GPS Positioning and Device Self-Test;

[0064] S522 geofence verification: location boundary detection, area authorization verification;

[0065] S523 Mobile RFID Scanning: Dynamic Power Adjustment, Anti-Collision Algorithm;

[0066] S524 Delivery Record Generation: Spatiotemporal Information Recording, Delivery Data Collection;

[0067] S525 cloud data compression upload and secure channel establishment;

[0068] S526 Distributed Database Storage and Synchronization: Data consistency guarantee and real-time terminal status synchronization;

[0069] Resource release and session cleanup after the S527 pickup process is completed;

[0070] S53 pickup password generation process:

[0071] S531 Basic Cryptographic Generation and Security Strength Assessment;

[0072] S532 timestamp stacking mechanism: T window=T start -T end , among which, T start T is the start time of the valid period for the pickup code. end This refers to the expiration time of the pickup code;

[0073] S533 Random Number Generation and Feistel Network Encryption Structure: L i =R i-1 , Among them, L i and R i Let F(*) represent the left and right halves of the i-th round of encryption, where F(*) is the encryption function and K is the right half. i This is the subkey used in the i-th round;

[0074] S534 Elliptic Curve Hash Point Mapping and Compression Function: P = Map(H(m))·G, where Map(*) is the mapping function, and m and G are the information to be processed and the base point of the elliptic curve;

[0075] The S535 linear congruence generator generates and distributes the final retrieval password: X n+1 =(aX n +c)modm, where X n Here, a, c, and m are the current pseudo-random number seed, and a, c, and m are the multiplier, increment, and modulus, respectively.

[0076] S6 Security Key Management Mechanism: This mechanism proposes a dynamic key generation, distribution, and update system to prevent unauthorized access. It includes a complete authentication protocol process, comprising a setup phase and an authentication phase. The specific interaction process between the tag, reader, and backend server in the protocol is described below:

[0077] S61 Setup Phase:

[0078] During the setup phase, the tag and reader each receive secret parameters, including the tag ID (Tid), reader ID (Rid), and elliptic curve domain parameters (a,b,p,G,n); the tag and reader store this information internally for later use.

[0079] S62 authentication interaction process:

[0080] S621, Reader→Tag

[0081] S6211, Reader generates random number r

[0082] S6212, calculate: R1 = r·Rid + Tid, which uses the elliptic curve dot product operation (r·Rid) and the dot addition operation (+Tid).

[0083] S6213, using AES-128 encryption of Rid to obtain E

[0084] S6214, Send<R1,E> Give Tag

[0085] S622, Tag→Reader

[0086] S6221, Tag generates random number t

[0087] S6222, use the stored Tid to decrypt E to obtain Rid.

[0088] S6223, calculate: X = R1 - Ti (dot addition), T1 = t·Rid (dot multiplication), T2 = t·X (dot multiplication).

[0089] Auth T =Tid + T2 (point addition)

[0090] S6224, Send <Auth T T1> to Reader

[0091] S623, Reader→Tag

[0092] S6231, Reader calculation: R2 = r·T1 (dot product), R3 = Auth T -R2 (dot addition)

[0093] S6232, verify if R3 is equal to Tid in the database. If they match, the Tag is authenticated.

[0094] S6233, Calculate Auth R =Tid + r·T1 (dot addition and dot multiplication), and send Auth R Give Tag

[0095] S624, Tag Verification

[0096] S6241, Tag Calculation

[0097] S6242, Verify Auth R Is it = If they are equal, then the Reader is authenticated;

[0098] S7 Data Upload and System Integration: After authentication, the system will synchronously upload the authentication result and the status of the package to the user application module through a secure channel, realizing real-time visualization and interactive management of the package process status.

[0099] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0100] 1. Enhance information security: By introducing lightweight encryption algorithms and dynamic key conversion mechanisms, end-to-end data protection is achieved at each stage of express delivery, ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of information during transmission and storage, and effectively preventing data leakage, tampering and unauthorized access.

[0101] 2. Reduced system costs: The RFID tags used are reusable, and combined with lightweight algorithms with low computational complexity, the consumption of system computing resources and the frequency of equipment replacement are greatly reduced, thereby significantly reducing the operating costs of logistics companies.

[0102] 3. Enhanced User Experience and Logistics Transparency: Through the collaborative work of smart terminals, backend servers, and RFID readers, users can check the real-time logistics status of their packages, achieving visualized tracking throughout the entire process. The system improves the accuracy and response speed of package tracking, enhancing service transparency and user trust.

[0103] 4. Excellent system scalability: The system has a highly modular design, which can be flexibly configured and expanded according to different application scenarios and enterprise needs, and is suitable for rapid integration and deployment of various logistics scales and business processes.

[0104] 5. Significant advantages in computational performance: In the process of identity authentication and data interaction, the design of this invention only requires two elliptic curve dot product operations for each tag, which effectively improves the overall computational efficiency and reduces system latency compared to the three ECC calculations required by the existing mainstream solutions. Attached Figure Description

[0105] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the MSI data system structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0106] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0107] Figure 3 This is a sequence code style diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0108] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating the non-adhesive types of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0109] Figure 5 This is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the non-adhesive material according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0110] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0111] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of this application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0112] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular implementations only and is not intended to limit the exemplary implementations according to this application; as used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise; furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms “comprising” and / or “including” are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0113] A parcel delivery management system based on a lightweight RFID algorithm, reference Figure 1-5 ,include:

[0114] A lightweight security algorithm is established to implement identity authentication between tags, readers, and backend servers;

[0115] Equip the package with an RFID tag that has a unique serial number and an embedded integrated circuit chip to uniquely identify the package.

[0116] Configure the GSM module to send the package information read by the RFID module to the user via SMS;

[0117] Design a self-adhesive sticker with a double bottom and three layers, embedding RFID tags between the first and second layers, with the second layer having weak adhesion;

[0118] Set up a paper outer packaging box, printed with a unique serial number consisting of numbers and letters, as a physical identifier for the package;

[0119] Set up RFID readers, enter user information, shipping and receiving addresses, packaging box serial numbers and logistics tracking numbers, and randomly generate unique serial numbers for tags. Then upload the relevant data to the backend server.

[0120] Set up multi-mode, multi-frequency RFID tag readers for tag identification in the express delivery transit, warehousing and pre-sorting process;

[0121] Design a sorting and conveying device with reading function, sort according to the transportation route calculated by the back-end server, and then pack them together by the operators before entering the next transit link;

[0122] A large backend server is set up to back up all tag information; with the help of a reader, customers can view the entry, sorting, transportation status and time information of the express shipment in real time through the application terminal, ensuring the privacy of user data throughout the process;

[0123] Establish an environmentally friendly recycling mechanism to realize the recycling of labels, data formatting and processing, and reuse, in response to green and environmental protection policies;

[0124] Configure an integrated application module to support functions such as express delivery information query, identity verification, map positioning and QR code recognition;

[0125] A pickup code mechanism is set up so that when a package arrives at the station corresponding to the delivery address, the system automatically generates a unique pickup code to identify the corresponding package.

[0126] A PIN-based pickup mechanism is implemented, requiring recipients to enter the correct PIN to collect their packages, thus enhancing security during the pickup process.

[0127] The lightweight security algorithm specifically includes:

[0128] By combining the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) algorithm with the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm—a low-memory, high-security encryption protocol—and utilizing the unique serial number of the parcel tag, authentication and data encryption are performed between the tag, reader, and backend server, ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of the tag content during transmission and storage.

[0129] The backend server includes a backend database system for storing tag information and reader data, supporting data visualization management and real-time monitoring of the entire express delivery process status;

[0130] The backend server supports readers and writers to upload and share data, and verifies the legitimacy of the package's identity through a unique identifier.

[0131] The background database system automatically plans the optimal transportation route and sends route instructions to the express sorting equipment.

[0132] The backend server stores customer and mail / receiver address information to assist in identity verification and package pickup security management;

[0133] The backend server uses RFID technology to achieve real-time tracking of the location and transportation status of express packages. Customers can view the warehousing, sorting and transportation process of express packages in real time through a mobile APP, which improves the transparency of logistics information and the traceability of the whole process.

[0134] All user information is encrypted within the backend database system to ensure customers receive their packages with privacy protected.

[0135] RFID tag readers include handheld readers, warehouse entry and exit readers, fixed pickup readers, mobile transport readers, or express mail sorting readers.

[0136] RFID readers are specifically fixed or mobile terminal modules with input and display functions.

[0137] In the double-bottomed, three-layer self-adhesive sticker, the label holder is placed between the first and second layers of the sticker; the third layer is the adhesive layer, which is directly attached to the surface of the express package; a semi-circular opening with an area of ​​0.16π is reserved for peeling off and reading the label, and is set on the side of the express package.

[0138] The environmentally friendly recycling mechanism is as follows:

[0139] A complete RFID tag recycling and processing process, including recycling, data erasure / reset, reuse, and background data synchronization and deletion mechanism;

[0140] After the tags are recycled, their unique serial numbers are removed from the database through the backend system to prevent information leakage.

[0141] The unique serial number uses a 16-bit unique identifier and is attached to the outer packaging as a hot melt adhesive printed sticker. When the label is lost, a new label is generated using this unique serial number, and the original label serial number is erased and replaced in the background server.

[0142] This invention also provides a method for express delivery management based on a lightweight RFID algorithm, comprising:

[0143] S1 System Initialization Phase: During the parcel delivery preparation process, an RFID reader generates a unique serial number for each parcel, and this unique serial number is encrypted and bound to the sender and recipient information to ensure the uniqueness and unforgeability of the data, including:

[0144] A unique Tid is generated using a cryptographically based secure pseudo-random number generator:

[0145] Random number generation formula and the next random number

[0146] Where, x n The current random number is M, which is the product of two large prime numbers p and q, ensuring the unpredictability and security of the generated sequence.

[0147] S2 Information Synchronization Phase: The system uploads tag initialization information to the backend server in real time via the wireless communication module and synchronizes it to the user's application module, enabling full-process tracking and monitoring of the express delivery; specifically including:

[0148] S21 Full-Duplex Communication Mechanism: The improved WebSocket protocol is used to implement full-duplex communication between the client and server, and the following model is established:

[0149] S211 Communication Reliability Model: Reliability R(t) = e -λt ·(1-e -μt), where λ is the communication failure rate, μ is the recovery rate, and R(t) is the communication reliability index at time t;

[0150] S212 Connection Stability Evaluation Function: State Score R(τ) is used to measure the average connection stability over the time interval [0, t], where R(τ) represents the communication reliability at time τ.

[0151] S22 Adaptive Resume Mechanism: Dynamically adjusts data fragmentation strategy based on network conditions to improve transmission efficiency and robustness;

[0152] S221 Dynamic Sharding S i The calculation formula for S: i =min(B w ,RTT·BW·(1+γ·L i ), where B w Where is the current network congestion window size, RTT is the network round-trip time, BW is the bandwidth, γ is the network fluctuation adjustment coefficient, and L is the network congestion window size. i Let i be the packet loss rate of fragment i;

[0153] S222 transmission efficiency evaluation metrics: Among them, P e For transmission error rate, T i Let η be the transmission duration of fragment i, and η be the transmission efficiency of the fragment under the current network conditions.

[0154] S3 Logistics Status Tracking Phase: This phase utilizes fixed inbound and outbound readers to achieve high-frequency identification of RFID parcel tags and dynamic updates to logistics status; specifically including:

[0155] S31 Label Recognition and Verification:

[0156] S311 read success rate P s Assessment: P s = (1-BER) n ·(1-P c ), where BER represents the bit error rate, P c Let n be the channel collision probability, and n be the tag bit length;

[0157] S312 anti-collision recognition efficiency Where, N s To successfully identify the number of tags, N t T represents the total number of tags. s For reading time;

[0158] The S4 intelligent sorting stage: Based on an improved Dijkstra path optimization algorithm combined with Kalman filtering technology, dynamic sorting path prediction and position estimation are achieved; specifically including:

[0159] S41 Multidimensional Path Planning Optimization:

[0160] S411 Time Optimization Model T opt =min(∑(t) i +w t ·σ t ), where t i For the time consumed in each transportation segment, σ t For time fluctuation, w t These are the weighting coefficients;

[0161] S412 Space Optimization Model S opt =min(∑(d) i +w d ·σ d ), where d i For the distance component, σ d For spatial error degree, w d These are the weighting coefficients;

[0162] S5 Secure Package Retrieval Stage: Utilizing both fixed and mobile package readers, multi-factor authentication ensures secure package retrieval; this includes the following functional modules:

[0163] S51 Fixed Package Reader Functions:

[0164] S511 Hardware Initialization and System Parameter Configuration: Reader Power Configuration, Communication Protocol Initialization;

[0165] S512 Session Timeout Detection and Exception Handling: T timeout =T current -T start >T threshold , among which, T current For the current system time, T start T is the system time at which the session begins. threshold This is the session timeout threshold.

[0166] S513 hash chain authentication mechanism: H i =Hash(H i-1 ||T||Nonce), where H i-1 T is the hash value of the previous time step, T is the current timestamp, and Nonce is a random number;

[0167] S514 Biometrics Acquisition: Feature Extraction Algorithm, Matching Calculation;

[0168] S515 Distributed Data Storage and Consistency Maintenance;

[0169] S52 Mobile Package Reader Functions:

[0170] S521 Reader Initialization: GPS Positioning and Device Self-Test;

[0171] S522 geofence verification: location boundary detection, area authorization verification;

[0172] S523 Mobile RFID Scanning: Dynamic Power Adjustment, Anti-Collision Algorithm;

[0173] S524 Delivery Record Generation: Spatiotemporal Information Recording, Delivery Data Collection;

[0174] S525 cloud data compression upload and secure channel establishment;

[0175] S526 Distributed Database Storage and Synchronization: Data consistency guarantee and real-time terminal status synchronization;

[0176] Resource release and session cleanup after the S527 pickup process is completed;

[0177] S53 pickup password generation process:

[0178] S531 Basic Cryptographic Generation and Security Strength Assessment;

[0179] S532 timestamp stacking mechanism: T window =T start -T end , among which, T start T is the start time of the valid period for the pickup code. end This refers to the expiration time of the pickup code;

[0180] S533 Random Number Generation and Feistel Network Encryption Structure: L i =R i-1 , Among them, L i and R i Let F(*) represent the left and right halves of the i-th round of encryption, where F(*) is the encryption function and K is the right half. i This is the subkey used in the i-th round;

[0181] S534 Elliptic Curve Hash Point Mapping and Compression Function: P = Map(H(m))·G, where Map(*) is the mapping function, and m and G are the information to be processed and the base point of the elliptic curve;

[0182] The S535 linear congruence generator generates and distributes the final retrieval password: X n+1 =(aX n +c)modm, where X n Here, a, c, and m are the current pseudo-random number seed, and a, c, and m are the multiplier, increment, and modulus, respectively.

[0183] S6 Security Key Management Mechanism: This mechanism proposes a dynamic key generation, distribution, and update system to prevent unauthorized access. It includes a complete authentication protocol process, comprising a setup phase and an authentication phase. The specific interaction process between the tag, reader, and backend server in the protocol is described below:

[0184] S61 Setup Phase:

[0185] During the setup phase, the tag and reader each receive secret parameters, including the tag ID (Tid), reader ID (Rid), and elliptic curve domain parameters (a,b,p,G,n); the tag and reader store this information internally for later use.

[0186] S62 authentication interaction process:

[0187] S621, Reader→Tag

[0188] S6211, Reader generates random number r

[0189] S6212, calculate: R1 = r·Rid + Tid, which uses the elliptic curve dot product operation (r·Rid) and the dot addition operation (+Tid).

[0190] S6213, using AES-128 encryption of Rid to obtain E

[0191] S6214, Send<R1,E> Give Tag

[0192] S622, Tag→Reader

[0193] S6221, Tag generates random number t

[0194] S6222, use the stored Tid to decrypt E to obtain Rid.

[0195] S6223, calculate: X = R1 - Ti (dot addition), T1 = t·Rid (dot multiplication), T2 = t·X (dot multiplication).

[0196] Auth T =Tid + T2 (point addition)

[0197] S6224, Send <Auth T T1> to Reader

[0198] S623, Reader→Tag

[0199] S6231, Reader calculation: R2 = r·T1 (dot product), R3 = Auth T -R2 (dot addition)

[0200] S6232, verify if R3 is equal to Tid in the database. If they match, the Tag is authenticated.

[0201] S6233, Calculate Auth R =Tid + r·T1 (dot addition and dot multiplication), and send Auth R Give Tag

[0202] S624, Tag Verification

[0203] S6241, Tag Calculation

[0204] S6242, Verify Auth R Is it = If they are equal, then the Reader is authenticated;

[0205] S7 Data Upload and System Integration: After authentication, the system will synchronously upload the authentication result and the status of the package to the user application module through a secure channel, realizing real-time visualization and interactive management of the package process status.

[0206] The system workflow and principles are as follows:

[0207] After the system is powered on and started, it first performs initial configuration. Before the package is dispatched, an RFID reader randomly generates a tag serial number, and this serial number is associated with the names, mobile phone numbers, addresses, and other information of the buyer and seller. The generated logistics information is synchronized to the application module via a wireless module, enabling real-time display of the logistics status.

[0208] Mobile transportation phase: During the express delivery process, the vehicle-mounted mobile transportation reader is powered on every 30 minutes to read and update the express tag information, enabling real-time tracking of the express location;

[0209] Inbound process: When a package arrives at the transit warehouse, the high-frequency inbound / outbound reader at the entrance identifies the tag and synchronizes the "arrived at transit station" information to the server, awaiting subsequent sorting;

[0210] Sorting process: Sorting readers read the tag serial numbers and sort the packages to the corresponding areas according to the transportation routes planned by the server;

[0211] Outbound and Shelving: When a package leaves the transit station or arrives at its destination, the outbound / inbound reader re-identifies the tag, synchronizes the package information to the application, and generates a pickup code. At this time, the GSM module automatically sends a pickup notification and pickup code to the recipient.

[0212] Package pickup stage: Depending on the user's choice, the package can be picked up using a fixed or mobile pickup reader.

[0213] Fixed terminals verify user identity by retrieving real-name authentication information, on-site facial recognition, or QR code verification.

[0214] The mobile app is used for home delivery scenarios. The delivery address is only displayed after the user authorizes and agrees in the app. The courier completes the delivery after verifying the information and removes the label.

[0215] Tag recycling process:

[0216] Collection: The labels can be collected by the delivery person after the delivery is completed, or the user can tear off the label and put it into the recycling bin at the station after picking up the package.

[0217] Summary: Once the number of recycled tags reaches a certain scale, they will be transported to the cleaning center.

[0218] Cleaning: Peel off the double-layered adhesive surface and extract the internal RFID tag;

[0219] Repackaging: The cleaned labels are pressed together with new self-adhesive stickers to create reusable RFID tag semi-finished products;

[0220] Reuse: The semi-finished products are further processed into finished labels that can be reused, achieving environmentally friendly recycling.

[0221] It should be noted that the above examples are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is obviously not limited to the above embodiments, with many similar variations. All modifications that can be directly derived or conceived by those skilled in the art from the content disclosed in this invention should fall within the protection scope of this invention.

[0222] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A parcel delivery management system based on a lightweight RFID algorithm, characterized in that, include: A lightweight security algorithm is established to implement identity authentication between tags, readers, and backend servers; Equip the package with an RFID tag that has a unique serial number and an embedded integrated circuit chip to uniquely identify the package. Configure the GSM module to send the package information read by the RFID module to the user via SMS; Design a self-adhesive sticker with a double bottom and three layers, embedding RFID tags between the first and second layers, with the second layer having weak adhesion; Set up a paper outer packaging box, printed with a unique serial number consisting of numbers and letters, as a physical identifier for the package; Set up RFID readers, enter user information, shipping and receiving addresses, packaging box serial numbers and logistics tracking numbers, and randomly generate unique serial numbers for tags. Then upload the relevant data to the backend server. Set up multi-mode, multi-frequency RFID tag readers for tag identification in the express delivery transit, warehousing and pre-sorting process; Design a sorting and conveying device with reading function, sort according to the transportation route calculated by the back-end server, and then pack them together by the operators before entering the next transit link; A large backend server is set up to back up all tag information; with the help of a reader, customers can view the entry, sorting, transportation status and time information of the express shipment in real time through the application terminal, ensuring the privacy of user data throughout the process; Establish an environmentally friendly recycling mechanism to realize the recycling of labels, data formatting and processing, and reuse, in response to green and environmental protection policies; Configure an integrated application module to support express delivery information query, identity verification, map positioning and QR code recognition functions; A pickup code mechanism is set up so that when a package arrives at the station corresponding to the delivery address, the system automatically generates a unique pickup code to identify the corresponding package. A PIN-based pickup mechanism is implemented, requiring recipients to enter the correct PIN to collect their packages, thus enhancing security during the pickup process.

2. The express delivery management system based on a lightweight RFID algorithm according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lightweight security algorithm specifically includes: By combining the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) algorithm with the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm—a low-memory, high-security encryption protocol—and utilizing the unique serial number of the parcel tag, authentication and data encryption are performed between the tag, reader, and backend server, ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of the tag content during transmission and storage.

3. The express delivery management system based on a lightweight RFID algorithm according to claim 1, characterized in that, The backend server includes a backend database system for storing tag information and reader data, supporting data visualization management and real-time monitoring of the entire express delivery process status; The backend server supports readers and writers to upload and share data, and verifies the legitimacy of the package's identity through a unique identifier. The background database system automatically plans the optimal transportation route and sends route instructions to the express sorting equipment. The backend server stores customer and mail / receiver address information to assist in identity verification and package pickup security management; The backend server uses RFID technology to achieve real-time tracking of the location and transportation status of express packages. Customers can view the warehousing, sorting and transportation process of express packages in real time through a mobile APP, which improves the transparency of logistics information and the traceability of the whole process. All user information is encrypted within the backend database system to ensure customers receive their packages with privacy protected.

4. The express delivery management system based on a lightweight RFID algorithm according to claim 1, characterized in that, RFID tag readers include handheld readers, warehouse entry and exit readers, fixed pickup readers, mobile transport readers, or express mail sorting readers.

5. A parcel delivery management system based on a lightweight RFID algorithm according to claim 1, characterized in that, RFID readers are specifically fixed or mobile terminal modules with input and display functions.

6. The express delivery management system based on a lightweight RFID algorithm according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the double-bottomed, three-layer self-adhesive sticker, the label holder is placed between the first and second layers of the sticker; the third layer is the adhesive layer, which is directly attached to the surface of the express package; a semi-circular opening with an area of ​​0.16π is reserved for peeling off and reading the label, and is set on the side of the express package.

7. A parcel delivery management system based on a lightweight RFID algorithm according to claim 1, characterized in that, The environmentally friendly recycling mechanism is as follows: A complete RFID tag recycling and processing process, including recycling, data erasure / reset, reuse, and background data synchronization and deletion mechanism; After the tags are recycled, their unique serial numbers are removed from the database through the backend system to prevent information leakage.

8. The express delivery management system based on a lightweight RFID algorithm according to claim 1, characterized in that, The unique serial number uses a 16-bit unique identifier and is attached to the outer packaging as a hot melt adhesive printed sticker. When the label is lost, a new label is generated using this unique serial number, and the original label serial number is erased and replaced in the background server.

9. A method for managing express delivery based on a lightweight RFID algorithm, characterized in that, A parcel delivery management system based on a lightweight RFID algorithm according to any one of claims 1-8; comprising: S1 System Initialization Phase: During the parcel delivery preparation process, an RFID reader generates a unique serial number for each parcel, and this unique serial number is encrypted and bound to the sender and recipient information to ensure the uniqueness and unforgeability of the data, including: A unique Tid is generated using a cryptographically based secure pseudo-random number generator: Random number generation formula and the next random number Where, x n The current random number is M, which is the product of two large prime numbers p and q, ensuring the unpredictability and security of the generated sequence. S2 Information Synchronization Phase: The system uploads tag initialization information to the backend server in real time via the wireless communication module and synchronizes it to the user's application module, enabling full-process tracking and monitoring of the express delivery; specifically including: S21 Full-Duplex Communication Mechanism: The improved WebSocket protocol is used to implement full-duplex communication between the client and server, and the following model is established: S211 Communication Reliability Model: Reliability R(t) = e -λt ·(1-e -μt ), where λ is the communication failure rate, μ is the recovery rate, and R(t) is the communication reliability index at time t; S212 Connection Stability Evaluation Function: State Score R(τ) is used to measure the average connection stability over the time interval [0, t], where R(τ) represents the communication reliability at time τ. S22 Adaptive Resume Mechanism: Dynamically adjusts data fragmentation strategy based on network conditions to improve transmission efficiency and robustness; S221 Dynamic Sharding S i The calculation formula for S: i =min(B w ,RTT·BW·(1+γ·L i ), where B w Where is the current network congestion window size, RTT is the network round-trip time, BW is the bandwidth, γ is the network fluctuation adjustment coefficient, and L... i Let i be the packet loss rate of fragment i; S222 transmission efficiency evaluation metrics: Among them, P e For transmission error rate, T i Let η be the transmission duration of fragment i, and η be the transmission efficiency of the fragment under the current network conditions. S3 Logistics Status Tracking Phase: This phase utilizes fixed inbound and outbound readers to achieve high-frequency identification of RFID parcel tags and dynamic updates to logistics status; specifically including: S31 Label Recognition and Verification: S311 read success rate P s Assessment: P s = (1-BER) n ·(1-P c ), where BER represents the bit error rate, P c Let n be the channel collision probability, and n be the tag bit length; S312 anti-collision recognition efficiency Where, N s To successfully identify the number of tags, N t T represents the total number of tags. s For reading time; The S4 intelligent sorting stage: Based on an improved Dijkstra path optimization algorithm combined with Kalman filtering technology, dynamic sorting path prediction and position estimation are achieved; specifically including: S41 Multidimensional Path Planning Optimization: S411 Time Optimization Model T opt =min(∑(t) i +w t ·σ t ), where t i For the time consumed in each transportation segment, σ t For time fluctuation, w t These are the weighting coefficients; S412 Space Optimization Model S opt =min(∑(d) i +w d ·σ d ), where d i For the distance component, σ d For spatial error degree, w d These are the weighting coefficients; S5 Secure Package Retrieval Stage: Utilizing both fixed and mobile package readers, multi-factor authentication ensures secure package retrieval; this includes the following functional modules: S51 Fixed Package Reader Functions: S511 Hardware Initialization and System Parameter Configuration: Reader Power Configuration, Communication Protocol Initialization; S512 Session Timeout Detection and Exception Handling: T timeout =T current -T start >T threshold , among which, T current For the current system time, T start T is the system time at which the session begins. threshold This is the session timeout threshold. S513 hash chain authentication mechanism: H i =Hash(H i-1 ||T||Nonce), where H i-1 T is the hash value of the previous time step, T is the current timestamp, and Nonce is a random number; S514 Biometrics Acquisition: Feature Extraction Algorithm, Matching Calculation; S515 Distributed Data Storage and Consistency Maintenance; S52 Mobile Parcel Reader Functions: S521 Reader Initialization: GPS Positioning and Device Self-Test; S522 geofence verification: location boundary detection, area authorization verification; S523 Mobile RFID Scanning: Dynamic Power Adjustment, Anti-Collision Algorithm; S524 Delivery Record Generation: Spatiotemporal Information Recording, Delivery Data Collection; S525 cloud data compression upload and secure channel establishment; S526 Distributed Database Storage and Synchronization: Data consistency guarantee and real-time terminal status synchronization; Resource release and session cleanup after the S527 pickup process is completed; S53 pickup password generation process: S531 Basic Cryptographic Generation and Security Strength Assessment; S532 timestamp stacking mechanism: T window =T start -T end , among which, T start T is the start time of the valid period for the pickup code. end This refers to the expiration time of the pickup code; S533 Random Number Generation and Feistel Network Encryption Structure: Among them, L i and R i Let F(*) represent the left and right halves of the i-th round of encryption, where F(*) is the encryption function and K is the right half. i This is the subkey used in the i-th round; S534 Elliptic Curve Hash Point Mapping and Compression Function: P = Map(H(m))·G, where Map(*) is the mapping function, and m and G are the information to be processed and the base point of the elliptic curve; The S535 linear congruence generator generates and distributes the final retrieval password: X n+1 =(aX n +c)modm, where X n Here, a, c, and m are the current pseudo-random number seed, and a, c, and m are the multiplier, increment, and modulus, respectively. S6 Security Key Management Mechanism: This mechanism proposes a dynamic key generation, distribution, and update system to prevent unauthorized access. It includes a complete authentication protocol process, comprising a setup phase and an authentication phase. The specific interaction process between the tag, reader, and backend server in the protocol is described below: S61 Setup Phase: During the setup phase, the tag and reader each receive secret parameters, including the tag ID (Tid), reader ID (Rid), and elliptic curve domain parameters (a,b,p,G,n); the tag and reader store this information internally for later use. S62 authentication interaction process: S621, Reader→Tag S6211, Reader generates random number r S6212, calculate: R1 = r·Rid + Tid, which uses the elliptic curve dot product operation (r·Rid) and the dot addition operation (+Tid). S6213, using AES-128 encryption of Rid to obtain E S6214, Send<R1,E> Give Tag S622, Tag→Reader S6221, Tag generates random number t S6222, use the stored Tid to decrypt E to obtain Rid. S6223, calculate: X = R1 - Tid (dot addition), T1 = t·Rid (dot multiplication), T2 = t·X (dot multiplication), Auth T =Tid + T2 (point addition) S6224, Send <Auth T T1> to Reader S623, Reader→Tag S6231, Reader calculation: R2 = r·T1 (dot product), R3 = Auth T -R2 (dot addition) S6232, verify if R3 is equal to Tid in the database. If they match, the Tag is authenticated. S6233, Calculate Auth R =Tid + r·T1 (dot addition and dot multiplication), and send Auth R Give Tag S624, Tag Verification S6241, Tag Calculation S6242, Verify Auth R whether If they are equal, then the Reader is authenticated; S7 Data Upload and System Integration: After authentication, the system will synchronously upload the authentication result and the status of the package to the user application module through a secure channel, realizing real-time visualization and interactive management of the package process status.

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