Thermal management system utilizing waste heat of hydrogen fuel cell stack

Abstract

The invention discloses a thermal management system adopting hydrogen fuel cell stack waste heat utilization, which comprises a hydrogen fuel cell stack, and heat in the hydrogen fuel cell stack is transferred to a waste heat refrigeration module or a waste heat heating module through cooling liquid. The waste heat refrigeration module and the hydrogen fuel cell stack form a closed loop through flowing of cooling liquid, the waste heat heating module and the hydrogen fuel cell stack form a closed loop through flowing of the cooling liquid, heat exchange is conducted through the cooling liquid and the corresponding heat exchangers, and cooling and heating are achieved. Traditional heat dissipation, refrigeration and heating schemes are replaced, the overall efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is improved, meanwhile, the refrigeration and heating requirements of a cell unit and other equipment are comprehensively met, and the hydrogen fuel cell stack has the advantages of being energy-saving, compact and high in adaptability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cell technology, and more specifically to a thermal management system that utilizes waste heat from a hydrogen fuel cell stack. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen is a clean secondary energy carrier with multiple sources and can be easily converted into electricity and heat. Developing hydrogen energy and hydrogen fuel cells has great strategic significance for energy.

[0003] A novel control method and heat exchange mechanism for thermal management of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are disclosed. By setting up heat exchangers, three-way valves, multi-way valves, etc. in the vehicle's thermal management module, the cooling / heating performance of the air conditioner and the waste heat of the fuel cell are utilized in two extreme environmental modes, summer and winter, respectively. This not only ensures the operating temperature of the fuel cell and extends the service life of the power system, but also improves the energy efficiency of the entire vehicle.

[0004] The above solutions utilize air conditioning cooling and fuel cell thermal energy to provide cooling and heating functions for lithium batteries. Their thermal management schemes are the same as those of traditional hydrogen fuel cell stacks, mainly through liquid cooling. The medium circulates in the pipeline to carry away the heat generated by the hydrogen stack to the radiator, and then the heat is blown away into the atmosphere by the cooling fan. However, due to the continuous development of technology, the power of hydrogen fuel cell stacks in commercial vehicles is constantly increasing, which makes the heat dissipation of the hydrogen stack increasingly larger. As a result, the size of the radiator is also increasing, and the number and power of the cooling fans are also increasing. This not only causes a large amount of waste heat to be lost, but also requires a lot of money to help solve the heat dissipation problem. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a thermal management system that utilizes the waste heat of a hydrogen fuel cell stack, solving the problem of current hydrogen fuel cell stacks failing to make reasonable use of the waste heat, resulting in energy waste and low cooling efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a thermal management system for utilizing waste heat from a hydrogen fuel cell stack, comprising a hydrogen fuel cell stack, wherein the heat inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack is transferred to a waste heat cooling module or a waste heat heating module through a coolant, wherein the waste heat cooling module and the waste heat heating module form a closed loop with the hydrogen fuel cell stack through the flow of the coolant, and heat exchange is performed through the coolant and the corresponding heat exchanger to achieve cooling and heating. The working fluid in the waste heat refrigeration module decomposes into refrigerant and absorbent after being heated. The refrigerant converts the heat transferred by the hydrogen fuel cell stack into refrigeration energy, and then the refrigeration energy is transferred through the coolant in the loop for refrigeration cycle by heat exchange. After completing one refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant merges with the absorbent again to form the working fluid, thereby using the heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell stack for cyclic refrigeration. The waste heat heating module uses a heat exchanger to exchange heat between the hydrogen fuel cell stack and the battery pack, passenger compartment, and other components requiring heating. After the heat exchange, the heat is returned to the hydrogen fuel cell stack for further heating, thereby achieving both cooling of the hydrogen fuel cell stack and heating of the components requiring heating.

[0007] The present invention further defines the technical solution as follows: Preferably, the waste heat cooling module includes a generator, a condenser, a throttling device, a refrigerant pump, an evaporator, an absorber, a working fluid pump, an electric water pump, and a heat exchanger. The hydrogen stack outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is connected to the generator coolant inlet of the generator via a pipeline. The generator coolant outlet of the generator is connected to the water pump coolant inlet of the electric water pump via a pipeline. The water pump coolant outlet of the electric water pump is connected to the evaporator coolant inlet of the evaporator via a pipeline. The evaporator coolant outlet of the evaporator is connected to the hydrogen stack inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell stack via a pipeline, forming a main coolant circulation loop. The gaseous refrigerant outlet of the generator is connected to the gaseous refrigerant inlet of the condenser via a pipeline; the liquid refrigerant outlet of the condenser is connected to the inlet of the throttling device via a pipeline; the outlet of the throttling device is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the refrigerant pump via a pipeline; the refrigerant outlet of the refrigerant pump is connected to the evaporator inlet of the evaporator via a pipeline; and the refrigerant outlet of the evaporator is connected to the absorber inlet of the absorber via a pipeline, thus forming a refrigerant circulation loop. The generator absorbent outlet of the generator is connected to the heat exchanger absorbent inlet of the first heat exchanger via a pipeline. The heat exchanger absorbent outlet of the first heat exchanger is connected to the absorbent inlet of the absorber via a pipeline. The absorber working fluid outlet of the absorber is connected to the working fluid inlet of the working fluid pump via a pipeline. The working fluid outlet of the working fluid pump is connected to the heat exchanger working fluid inlet of the first heat exchanger via a pipeline. The heat exchanger working fluid outlet of the first heat exchanger is connected to the generator working fluid inlet of the generator via a pipeline, thus forming a working fluid circulation loop.

[0008] Preferably, the waste heat heating module includes a second heat exchanger. The hydrogen stack outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is connected to the high-temperature side inlet of the second heat exchanger via a pipeline branch. The high-temperature side outlet of the second heat exchanger is connected to the water pump coolant inlet of the electronic water pump via a pipeline. The water pump coolant outlet of the electronic water pump is connected to the hydrogen stack inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell stack via a pipeline, thus forming a main heating cycle loop. The low-temperature side inlet of the second heat exchanger is connected to the coolant outlet of the battery pack through a pipeline, and the low-temperature side outlet of the second heat exchanger is connected to the coolant inlet of the battery pack through a pipeline, forming a battery pack heating branch. The heat exchanger (ii) is connected to the passenger cabin heating pipeline through a branch pipeline, forming a passenger cabin heating branch.

[0009] Preferably, the evaporator coolant outlet of the evaporator is connected to the cooling inlet of other equipment requiring refrigeration via a pipeline branch, and the cooling outlet of the other equipment requiring refrigeration is connected to the water pump coolant inlet of the electronic water pump via a pipeline, thus forming a cooling branch for the other equipment requiring refrigeration.

[0010] Preferably, it also includes a system controller, which is electrically connected via electrical signal lines to a hydrogen fuel cell stack internally equipped with a hydrogen stack temperature sensor, a refrigerant pump internally equipped with a refrigerant pump controller, a working fluid pump internally equipped with a working fluid pump controller, and an electronic water pump internally equipped with a water pump controller, to realize temperature signal transmission and speed control signal transmission.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention utilizes a single coolant main circuit to transfer heat from the hydrogen stack to the working fluid. The working fluid absorbs heat and reacts, transforming into a refrigerant and absorbent. The refrigerant, through a condenser, evaporator, and throttling device, converts the heat from the hydrogen energy into cooling energy. This cooling energy is then transferred to the hydrogen fuel cell stack and other equipment requiring cooling via the coolant through heat exchange. After completing the cooling cycle, the refrigerant re-merges with the absorbent to form the working fluid, which is then pumped to the heat exchanger and generator. This achieves the utilization of waste heat from the hydrogen fuel cell stack and the cooling of the stack itself. Through heat exchange, the heat from the hydrogen stack is carried away by the coolant and exchanged with equipment requiring heat exchange, such as the battery pack and air conditioning unit, for heating. This improves the efficiency and reliability of heat recovery in winter. This solution directly replaces the existing heat dissipation solutions, increasing the overall vehicle's cooling capacity and improving its heating capacity in winter. While enhancing the overall efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell stack, it also addresses the cooling and heating needs of the battery pack and other equipment requiring cooling. In the refrigeration module, this invention adopts a closed loop of "working fluid decomposition - refrigerant circulation - working fluid regeneration". After absorbing waste heat, the working fluid decomposes into refrigerant and absorbent. After the refrigerant completes the refrigeration cycle, it re-merges with the absorbent to form the working fluid again, which participates in waste heat absorption. This effectively avoids the waste of refrigerant. At the same time, the heat exchanger realizes the pre-heat exchange between the concentrated absorbent and the low-temperature working fluid, which accelerates the cycle efficiency. This invention achieves dynamic matching of coolant, refrigerant, working fluid flow rate and hydrogen stack temperature through the linkage control of temperature sensor, system controller and refrigerant pump, working fluid pump and electric water pump. When the temperature rises, the pump speed is increased and the flow rate is increased, and vice versa when the temperature drops. This ensures the stability of the hydrogen stack operating temperature and can flexibly adapt to the cooling / heating needs under different operating conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the framework process for the invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structural principle of the present invention; In the diagram: 1. Hydrogen fuel cell stack; 11. Hydrogen stack inlet; 12. Hydrogen stack outlet; 13. Hydrogen stack temperature sensor; 14. Other refrigeration equipment; 15. Electric water pump; 16. Water pump coolant inlet; 17. Water pump coolant outlet; 18. Water pump controller; 2. Generator; 21. Generator coolant inlet; 22. Generator coolant outlet; 23. Generator absorbent outlet; 24. Generator working fluid inlet; 25. Gaseous refrigerant outlet; 3. Condenser; 31. Gaseous refrigerant inlet; 32. Liquid refrigerant outlet; 4. Throttling device; 5. Refrigerant pump; 43. Heat exchanger II; 44. Battery pack; 51. Refrigerant pump refrigerant inlet. 52. Refrigerant pump refrigerant outlet; 53. Refrigerant pump controller; 6. Evaporator; 61. Evaporator refrigerant inlet; 62. Evaporator refrigerant outlet; 63. Evaporator coolant inlet; 64. Evaporator coolant outlet; 7. Absorber; 71. Absorber refrigerant inlet; 72. Absorber working fluid outlet; 73. Absorber absorbent inlet; 8. Working fluid pump; 81. Working fluid pump working fluid inlet; 82. Working fluid pump working fluid outlet; 83. Working fluid pump controller; 9. Heat exchanger I; 91. Heat exchanger absorbent inlet; 92. Heat exchanger absorbent outlet; 93. Heat exchanger working fluid inlet; 94. Heat exchanger working fluid outlet; 10. System controller. Detailed Implementation

[0013] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0014] The present invention provides a thermal management system for utilizing waste heat from a hydrogen fuel cell stack, including a hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 and a system controller 10. The heat inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 is transferred to a waste heat cooling module or a waste heat heating module through a coolant. The waste heat cooling module and the waste heat heating module form a closed loop with the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 through the flow of the coolant. Heat exchange is carried out through the coolant and the corresponding heat exchanger to achieve cooling and heating. The working fluid in the waste heat cooling module decomposes into refrigerant and absorbent after being heated. The refrigerant converts the heat transferred by the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 into cooling energy. Then, the cooling energy is transferred through the coolant in the loop for cooling cycle by heat exchange. After completing one cooling cycle, the refrigerant merges with the absorbent again to form the working fluid, thereby using the heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 for cyclic cooling. The waste heat heating module uses a heat exchanger to exchange heat between the hydrogen fuel cell stack and the battery pack, passenger compartment, and other components requiring heating. After the heat exchange, the heat is returned to the hydrogen fuel cell stack for further heating, thereby achieving both cooling of the hydrogen fuel cell stack and heating of components requiring heating.

[0015] The aforementioned waste heat cooling module includes a generator 2, a condenser 3, a throttling device 4, a refrigerant pump 5, an evaporator 6, an absorber 7, a working fluid pump 8, an electric water pump 15, and a heat exchanger 9. The hydrogen stack outlet 12 of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 is connected to the generator coolant inlet 21 of the generator 2 through a pipeline. The generator coolant outlet 22 of the generator 2 is connected to the water pump coolant inlet 16 of the electric water pump 15 through a pipeline. The water pump coolant outlet 17 of the electric water pump 15 is connected to the evaporator coolant inlet 63 of the evaporator 6 through a pipeline. The evaporator coolant outlet 64 of the evaporator 6 is connected to the hydrogen stack inlet 11 of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 through a pipeline, forming the main loop of coolant circulation. The gaseous refrigerant outlet 25 of generator 2 is connected to the gaseous refrigerant inlet 31 of condenser 3 through a pipeline. The liquid refrigerant outlet 32 ​​of condenser 3 is connected to the inlet of throttling device 4 through a pipeline. The outlet of throttling device 4 is connected to the refrigerant pump inlet 51 of refrigerant pump 5 through a pipeline. The refrigerant pump outlet 52 of refrigerant pump 5 is connected to the evaporator refrigerant inlet 61 of evaporator 6 through a pipeline. The evaporator refrigerant outlet 62 of evaporator 6 is connected to the absorber refrigerant inlet 71 of absorber 7 through a pipeline, thus forming a refrigerant circulation loop. The generator absorbent outlet 23 of generator 2 is connected to the heat exchanger absorbent inlet 91 of heat exchanger 9 through a pipeline. The heat exchanger absorbent outlet 92 of heat exchanger 9 is connected to the absorbent inlet 73 of absorber (7) through a pipeline. The absorber working fluid outlet 72 of absorber 7 is connected to the working fluid pump inlet 81 of working fluid pump 8 through a pipeline. The working fluid pump outlet 82 of working fluid pump 8 is connected to the heat exchanger working fluid inlet 93 of heat exchanger 9 through a pipeline. The heat exchanger working fluid outlet 94 of heat exchanger 9 is connected to the generator working fluid inlet 24 of generator 2 through a pipeline, thus forming a working fluid circulation loop.

[0016] In the system, the coolant flowing through the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 carries heat into the generator 2. The generator 2 contains the working fluid, which decomposes into concentrated absorbent and gaseous refrigerant after being heated. The concentrated absorbent gradually deposits at the bottom of the generator 2 and enters the absorber 7. The gaseous refrigerant, which is in a high temperature and high pressure state, enters the condenser 3 and is converted into a low temperature and high pressure liquid refrigerant. The low temperature and high pressure liquid refrigerant is converted into a low temperature and low pressure mist liquid refrigerant after passing through the throttling device 4 and enters the refrigerant pump 5. The refrigerant pump 5 transfers the low temperature and low pressure liquid refrigerant to the evaporator 6. After the coolant, which is in a high-temperature state, flows out from the generator 2, it enters the evaporator 6 through the electric water pump 15. The low-temperature, low-pressure liquid refrigerant and the high-temperature coolant exchange heat at the evaporator 6. The coolant, which is in a low-temperature state, re-enters the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 to absorb heat, thus completing the coolant circulation loop. After absorbing heat, the refrigerant enters the absorber 7 and rapidly merges with the concentrated absorbent to form the working fluid. The working fluid, which is in a low temperature and low pressure state, is pressurized by the working fluid pump 8 and then enters the generator 2, completing the circulation loop of the refrigerant and the working fluid.

[0017] Meanwhile, the evaporator coolant outlet 64 of the evaporator 6 is connected to the cooling inlet of other cooling equipment 14 through a pipeline branch, and the cooling outlet of other cooling equipment 14 is connected to the water pump coolant inlet 16 of the electric water pump 15 through a pipeline, forming a cooling branch for other cooling equipment.

[0018] The aforementioned waste heat heating module includes a second heat exchanger 43. The hydrogen stack outlet 12 of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 is connected to the high-temperature side inlet of the second heat exchanger 43 through a pipeline branch. The high-temperature side outlet of the second heat exchanger 43 is connected to the water pump coolant inlet 16 of the electronic water pump 15 through a pipeline. The water pump coolant outlet 17 of the electronic water pump 15 is connected to the hydrogen stack inlet 11 of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 through a pipeline, forming the main loop of the heating cycle. The low-temperature side inlet of heat exchanger 2 43 is connected to the coolant outlet of battery pack 44 through a pipeline, and the low-temperature side outlet of heat exchanger 2 43 is connected to the coolant inlet of battery pack 44 through a pipeline, forming a battery pack heating branch. Heat exchanger 243 is connected to the passenger cabin heating pipeline through a pipeline branch, forming a passenger cabin heating branch.

[0019] By transferring heat from the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 to the coolant, the coolant absorbs heat and is heated to a certain temperature. The heated coolant is then circulated through pipelines to the heat exchanger 43. Again, through the law of conservation of energy, the heated coolant exchanges heat with the cold coolant in the battery pack, thus heating the battery pack. A portion of the heated coolant is transferred to the passenger compartment for heating. This solution directly replaces the existing winter cooling solution, increasing the vehicle's overall heating capacity. It improves the overall efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 while also addressing the heating needs of the battery pack and other equipment 14, achieving multiple benefits with high energy utilization and green energy saving.

[0020] In this embodiment, a hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 is installed inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1. The system controller 10 is electrically connected to the hydrogen fuel cell stack 13. The hydrogen fuel cell stack 13 is used to monitor the temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 and transmit temperature information. The refrigerant pump 5 is equipped with a refrigerant pump controller 53, which is electrically connected to the system controller 10. The refrigerant pump controller 53 is used to receive signals from the system controller 10 and adjust the speed of the refrigerant pump 5. The working fluid pump 8 is equipped with a working fluid pump controller 83, which is electrically connected to the system controller 10. The working fluid pump controller 83 is used to receive signals from the system controller 10 and adjust the speed of the working fluid pump 8. The electronic water pump 15 has a water pump controller 18 installed inside. The water pump controller 18 is electrically connected to the system controller 10. The water pump controller 18 is used to receive signals from the system controller 10 and adjust the speed of the electronic water pump 15.

[0021] In this embodiment, the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 includes a hydrogen stack inlet 11 and a hydrogen stack outlet 12. Coolant in a low temperature state enters the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 through the hydrogen stack inlet 11 to absorb heat and cool down. Coolant in a high temperature state flows to the generator 2 through the hydrogen stack outlet 12. The generator 2 includes a generator coolant inlet 21 and a generator coolant outlet 22. Coolant in a high temperature state enters the generator 2 through the generator coolant inlet 21 and exchanges heat with the working fluid inside the generator 2. Coolant in a high temperature state enters the electronic water pump 15 through the water pump coolant inlet 16, and then enters the evaporator 6 through the water pump coolant outlet 17 to wait for heat exchange. The gaseous refrigerant formed by the thermal decomposition inside generator 2 enters condenser 3 through gaseous refrigerant outlet 25. The concentrated absorbent formed by the thermal decomposition inside generator 2 enters absorber 7 through generator absorbent outlet 23. Condenser 3 includes gaseous refrigerant inlet 31 for gaseous refrigerant input and liquid refrigerant outlet 32 ​​for liquid refrigerant output. After the gaseous refrigerant in the high temperature and high pressure state enters condenser 3, it is cooled down by condenser fan or cooling water to form high pressure and low temperature liquid refrigerant. The high pressure and low temperature liquid refrigerant flows out of condenser 3 and enters throttling device 4. In this process, low temperature and low pressure mist liquid refrigerant is formed, creating conditions for subsequent heat exchange.

[0022] Liquid refrigerant in a low-temperature, low-pressure state enters refrigerant pump 5 through refrigerant inlet 51 and flows into evaporator 6 from refrigerant outlet 52 under the action of refrigerant pump 5. Evaporator 6 includes evaporator coolant inlet 63 for coolant input and evaporator refrigerant inlet 61 for refrigerant input. Coolant in a high-temperature state and liquid refrigerant in a low-temperature state enter evaporator 6 through evaporator coolant inlet 63 and evaporator refrigerant inlet 61, respectively. Coolant flow channel and refrigerant flow channel are formed inside evaporator 6, which are arranged alternately to improve the heat transfer efficiency between coolant and refrigerant. After heat exchange, the low-temperature coolant is input into hydrogen fuel cell stack 1 through evaporator coolant outlet 64 and hydrogen stack inlet 11. The refrigerant after heat exchange is input into absorber 7 through evaporator refrigerant outlet 62. In the cryogenic coolant flowing to the hydrogen fuel cell stack 1, a portion of the cryogenic coolant is input into other cooling equipment 14 to absorb heat and cool down, while the coolant that has absorbed heat enters the electric water pump 15 through the water pump coolant inlet 16, waiting for heat exchange to take place.

[0023] After heat exchange, the refrigerant enters the absorber 7 through the absorber refrigerant inlet 71. The refrigerant, which is in a high-temperature state, rapidly merges with the concentrated absorbent to form a working fluid in a low-temperature, low-pressure state. Under the pressure of the working fluid pump 8, the working fluid in a low-temperature, low-pressure state enters the working fluid pump 8 through the absorber working fluid outlet 72 and the working fluid inlet 81. Under the pressure of the working fluid pump 8, it enters the generator 2 through the working fluid outlet 82 and the generator working fluid inlet 24, waiting to be heated and decomposed again to realize the working fluid cycle.

[0024] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A thermal management system for utilizing waste heat from a hydrogen fuel cell stack, comprising a hydrogen fuel cell stack (1), characterized in that, The heat inside the hydrogen fuel cell stack (1) is transferred to the waste heat cooling module or waste heat heating module through the coolant. The waste heat cooling module and waste heat heating module form a closed loop with the hydrogen fuel cell stack (1) through the flow of the coolant. Heat exchange is carried out through the coolant and the corresponding heat exchanger to achieve cooling and heating. The working fluid in the waste heat refrigeration module decomposes into refrigerant and absorbent after being heated. The refrigerant converts the heat transferred by the hydrogen fuel cell stack (1) into refrigeration energy. Then, the refrigeration energy is transferred through the coolant in the loop for refrigeration cycle by heat exchange. After completing one refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant merges with the absorbent again to form the working fluid, thereby using the heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell stack (1) for cyclic refrigeration. The waste heat heating module uses a heat exchanger to exchange heat between the hydrogen fuel cell stack and the battery pack, passenger compartment, and other components requiring heating. After the heat exchange, the heat is returned to the hydrogen fuel cell stack for further heating, thereby achieving both cooling of the hydrogen fuel cell stack and heating of the components requiring heating.

2. A thermal management system for utilizing waste heat from a hydrogen fuel cell stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waste heat cooling module includes a generator (2), a condenser (3), a throttling device (4), a refrigerant pump (5), an evaporator (6), an absorber (7), a working fluid pump (8), an electric water pump (15), and a heat exchanger (9). The hydrogen stack outlet (12) of the hydrogen fuel cell stack (1) is connected to the generator coolant inlet (21) of the generator (2) through a pipeline. The generator coolant outlet (22) of the generator (2) is connected to the water pump coolant inlet (16) of the electric water pump (15) through a pipeline. The water pump coolant outlet (17) of the electric water pump (15) is connected to the evaporator coolant inlet (63) of the evaporator (6) through a pipeline. The evaporator coolant outlet (64) of the evaporator (6) is connected to the hydrogen stack inlet (11) of the hydrogen fuel cell stack (1) through a pipeline, forming a main loop for coolant circulation. The gaseous refrigerant outlet (25) of the generator (2) is connected to the gaseous refrigerant inlet (31) of the condenser (3) through a pipeline. The liquid refrigerant outlet (32) of the condenser (3) is connected to the inlet of the throttling device (4) through a pipeline. The outlet of the throttling device (4) is connected to the refrigerant pump inlet (51) of the refrigerant pump (5) through a pipeline. The refrigerant outlet (52) of the refrigerant pump (5) is connected to the evaporator inlet (61) of the evaporator (6) through a pipeline. The evaporator outlet (62) of the evaporator (6) is connected to the absorber inlet (71) of the absorber (7) through a pipeline, thus forming a refrigerant circulation loop. The generator absorbent outlet (23) of the generator (2) is connected to the heat exchanger absorbent inlet (91) of the heat exchanger one (9) through a pipeline. The heat exchanger absorbent outlet (92) of the heat exchanger one (9) is connected to the absorbent inlet (73) of the absorber (7) through a pipeline. The absorber working fluid outlet (72) of the absorber (7) is connected to the working fluid pump working fluid inlet (81) of the working fluid pump (8) through a pipeline. The working fluid pump working fluid outlet (82) of the working fluid pump (8) is connected to the heat exchanger working fluid inlet (93) of the heat exchanger one (9) through a pipeline. The heat exchanger working fluid outlet (94) of the heat exchanger one (9) is connected to the generator working fluid inlet (24) of the generator (2) through a pipeline, thus forming a working fluid circulation loop.

3. A thermal management system for utilizing waste heat from a hydrogen fuel cell stack according to claim 2, characterized in that: The waste heat heating module includes a second heat exchanger (43). The hydrogen stack outlet (12) of the hydrogen fuel cell stack (1) is connected to the high-temperature side inlet of the second heat exchanger (43) through a pipeline branch. The high-temperature side outlet of the second heat exchanger (43) is connected to the water pump coolant inlet (16) of the electronic water pump (15) through a pipeline. The water pump coolant outlet (17) of the electronic water pump (15) is connected to the hydrogen stack inlet (11) of the hydrogen fuel cell stack (1) through a pipeline, forming a main heating cycle loop. The low-temperature side inlet of the second heat exchanger (43) is connected to the coolant outlet of the battery pack (44) through a pipeline, and the low-temperature side outlet of the second heat exchanger (43) is connected to the coolant inlet of the battery pack (44) through a pipeline, forming a battery pack heating branch. The second heat exchanger (43) is connected to the passenger cabin heating pipeline through a pipeline branch, forming a passenger cabin heating branch.

4. A thermal management system for utilizing waste heat from a hydrogen fuel cell stack according to claim 2, characterized in that: The evaporator coolant outlet (64) of the evaporator (6) is connected to the cooling inlet of other cooling equipment (14) through a pipeline branch, and the cooling outlet of other cooling equipment (14) is connected to the water pump coolant inlet (16) of the electronic water pump (15) through a pipeline, thus forming a cooling branch for other cooling equipment.

5. A thermal management system for utilizing waste heat from a hydrogen fuel cell stack according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a system controller (10), which is electrically connected to the hydrogen fuel cell stack (1) with a hydrogen stack temperature sensor (13) inside, the refrigerant pump (5) with a refrigerant pump controller (53) inside, the working fluid pump (8) with a working fluid pump controller (83) inside, and the electronic water pump (15) with a water pump controller (18) inside, respectively, through electrical signal lines, so as to realize temperature signal transmission and speed control signal transmission.

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