Direction finding antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses a direction finding antenna, and relates to the technical field of wireless communication. The direction-finding antenna comprises at least two antenna units which are arranged at intervals, each antenna unit is arranged in an annular structure, each antenna unit is provided with a feed port and a metal waveguide structure, each antenna unit is provided with a first end and a second end in the radial direction of the annular structure, and the first end and the second end are communicated with each other. The feed port is located at a first end of the antenna unit, the first end of the antenna unit is close to a central axis of the annular structure, and the metal waveguide structure is arranged around a part of the feed port, so that the metal waveguide structure forms an opening which faces a second end of the antenna unit. Each antenna unit is provided with a plurality of grounding through holes arranged at intervals, and the plurality of grounding through holes form the metal waveguide structure. The direction-finding antenna can solve the problem that the anti-coupling performance between the adjacent antenna units of an existing direction-finding antenna is poor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of wireless communication technology, and specifically relates to a direction-finding antenna. Background Technology

[0002] Radio direction finding technology determines the direction of electromagnetic wave arrival by comparing the electromagnetic wave parameters received by each antenna element of a direction-finding antenna. With the continuous improvement of modern communication technology, the demand for high-performance direction-finding systems is constantly increasing. To achieve more accurate direction finding of the azimuth plane, direction-finding antennas are typically arranged in a circular array.

[0003] Current direction-finding antennas use an antenna element matrix, which leads to lower direction-finding accuracy of the direction-finding system. While increasing the number of arrayed antenna elements can improve the direction-finding accuracy in the horizontal plane, the anti-coupling properties between adjacent antenna elements need to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a direction-finding antenna that can solve the problem of poor anti-coupling performance between adjacent antenna elements in current direction-finding antennas.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application is implemented as follows: This application provides a direction-finding antenna, including at least two antenna elements spaced apart and arranged in a ring structure. Each antenna element has a feed port and a metal waveguide structure. Radially along the ring structure, each antenna element has a first end and a second end. The feed port is located at the first end of the antenna element, which is close to the central axis of the ring structure. The metal waveguide structure is partially arranged around the feed port to form an opening facing the second end of the antenna element. Each of the antenna elements is provided with multiple spaced grounding holes, which form the metal waveguide structure.

[0006] In this embodiment, by setting a metal waveguide structure on the antenna element, and with the metal waveguide structure partially surrounding the feed port of the antenna element, the metal waveguide structure can confine the electromagnetic waves at the feed port of the antenna element within the waveguide cavity of the metal waveguide structure. This reduces the coupling performance between the feed ports of adjacent antenna elements, i.e., improves the anti-coupling performance between adjacent antenna elements, thereby reducing the degree of 3D pattern splitting of the antenna element and improving the direction finding accuracy of the direction finding antenna in the horizontal plane. Furthermore, the opening of the metal waveguide structure faces the end of the antenna element away from the central axis of the ring structure, which can meet the requirement of transmitting electromagnetic waves from the feed port to the radiator of the antenna element. Therefore, this embodiment can solve the problem of poor anti-coupling performance between adjacent antenna elements in current direction finding antennas. Attached Figure Description

[0007] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the direction-finding antenna disclosed in the embodiments of this application; Figures 2 to 3 These are schematic diagrams of the first radiator and the feeding network disclosed in the embodiments of this application from different perspectives. Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of the structure shown; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second radiator disclosed in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a direction-finding antenna disclosed in another embodiment of this application; Figures 7 to 8 The antenna element disclosed in this application is shown in different viewing angles at a frequency of 1.45 GHz. Figures 9 to 10 The antenna element disclosed in this application is shown in different viewing angles at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. Figures 11 to 12 The antenna element disclosed in this application is shown in different viewing angles at a frequency of 5.8 GHz. Figures 13 to 15 The radiation patterns of the direction-finding antenna disclosed in this application at a frequency of 1.45 GHz under different viewing angles; Figures 16 to 18 The radiation patterns of the direction-finding antenna disclosed in this application at a frequency of 2.45 GHz under different viewing angles; Figures 19 to 21 The radiation patterns of the direction-finding antenna disclosed in this application at a frequency of 5.8 GHz under different viewing angles are shown in the embodiments of this application.

[0008] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 100 - Antenna element, 110 - Feed port, 120 - Metal waveguide structure, 121 - Waveguide structure body, 121a - First part, 121b - Second part, 121c - Third part, 122 - First extension, 123 - Second extension, 130 - Feed network, 131 - Power divider, 131a - First output port, 131b - Second output port, 131c - Metal patch, 140 - First radiator, 141 - Substrate 142-Radiator body, 142a-Conical groove, 142b-Groove, 143-Director, 143a-First director, 143b-Second director, 143c-Third director, 143d-Fourth director, 143e-Fifth director, 144-Coupling opening, 145-Input port of the first radiator, 150-Second radiator, 151-Avoidance opening, 152-Input port of the second radiator, 160-Grounding through hole. Detailed Implementation

[0009] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0010] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such use of data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class and the number of objects is not limited; for example, a first object can be one or more. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0011] The direction-finding antenna provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, through specific embodiments and application scenarios.

[0012] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown in the figure, this application discloses a direction-finding antenna for use in a detection device. Optionally, the detection device can be a drone detection device, a marine detection device, a vehicle-mounted detection device, etc. This application does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0013] The direction-finding antenna includes at least two antenna elements 100 spaced apart, and the antenna elements 100 are arranged in a ring structure to form an antenna array.

[0014] Since the distance between the ends of each antenna element 100 in the ring structure that are close to the central axis of the ring structure is small, and the feed port of each antenna element 100 is usually located at the end of its ring structure that is close to the central axis, the ends of adjacent antenna elements 100 that are close to the central axis of the ring structure are easily coupled to each other.

[0015] Based on this, each antenna element 100 of the direction-finding antenna disclosed in this application is provided with a feed port 110 and a metal waveguide structure 120. In the radial direction of the annular structure, each antenna element 100 has a first end and a second end. The feed port 110 is located at the first end of the antenna element 100, and the first end of the antenna element 100 is close to the central axis of the annular structure. The second end of the antenna element 100 is located at the end of the antenna element 100 away from the central axis of the annular structure, that is, the first end and the second end of the antenna element 100 are arranged opposite to each other. The metal waveguide structure 120 is partially arranged around the feed port 110 so that the metal waveguide structure 120 forms an opening. The opening faces the second end of the antenna element 100. The feed port 110 transmits electromagnetic waves to the radiator of the antenna element 100 through the opening, thereby satisfying the requirement of the radiator to radiate electromagnetic waves to the side away from the central axis of the annular structure.

[0016] Each antenna element 100 is provided with multiple spaced grounding vias 160, which together form the aforementioned metal waveguide structure 120. It should be noted that the multiple grounding vias 160 can form the sidewalls of an equivalent rectangular waveguide, and the upper and lower metal cladding layers of the antenna element 100 serve as the top and bottom conductive surfaces of the waveguide, forming a quasi-closed transmission environment together with the via array.

[0017] In this embodiment, by providing a metal waveguide structure 120 on the antenna element 100, and the metal waveguide structure 120 partially surrounding the feed port 110 of the antenna element 100, the metal waveguide structure 120 can confine the electromagnetic waves at the feed port 110 of the antenna element 100 within the waveguide cavity of the metal waveguide structure 120. This reduces the mutual coupling performance between the feed ports 110 of adjacent antenna elements 100, i.e., improves the anti-coupling performance between adjacent antenna elements 100, thereby reducing the degree of 3D pattern fission of the antenna element and improving the direction finding accuracy of the direction finding antenna in the horizontal plane. Furthermore, the opening of the metal waveguide structure 120 faces the end of the antenna element 100 away from the central axis of the ring structure, which can meet the requirement of transmitting electromagnetic waves from the feed port 110 to the radiator of the antenna element 100. Therefore, this embodiment can solve the problem of poor anti-coupling performance between adjacent antenna elements 100 in current direction finding antennas.

[0018] In one optional embodiment, the metal waveguide structure 120 includes a waveguide structure body 121, which is partially arranged around the feed port 110. The waveguide structure body 121 includes a first part 121a, a second part 121b, and a third part 121c connected in sequence. In the extension direction of the central axis of the ring structure, the first part 121a and the third part 121c are arranged opposite to each other. The second part 121b is located between the feed port 110 and the central axis of the ring structure, that is, the waveguide structure body 121 has a U-shaped structure. The first part 121a, the second part 121b, and the third part 121c form a receiving space. The feed port 110 is located in the receiving space of the waveguide structure body 121. At this time, waveguides are distributed above, below, and on the side near the central axis of the ring structure of the feed port 110. The waveguides confine the electromagnetic waves in the above-mentioned area within their cavities. This solution employs a waveguide structure body 121 with this structure, which can improve its performance in confining electromagnetic waves, thereby further enhancing the anti-coupling performance between adjacent antenna elements 100. Of course, the aforementioned waveguide structure body 121 can also be an arc-shaped structure, etc., and part of the feed port 110 can be located outside the accommodating space formed by the waveguide structure body 121.

[0019] In a further optional embodiment, the metal waveguide structure 120 further includes a first extension 122 and a second extension 123, both of which are connected to the second portion 121b. In the extension direction of the central axis of the annular structure, the first extension 122 and the second extension 123 extend in opposite directions to the first and second edges of the antenna element 100, respectively. Here, the first and second edges are arranged opposite to each other. At this time, the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna element 100 near the edge of the central axis of the annular structure are constrained within the waveguide cavities of the first extension 122 and the second extension 123, thereby further improving the anti-coupling performance of the first ends of adjacent antenna elements 100. Simultaneously, the first extension 122 and the second extension 123 can also be used to constrain the portion of electromagnetic waves radiated by the feed port 110 that is not constrained by the waveguide structure body 121, thereby further improving the electromagnetic wave confinement performance of the metal waveguide structure 120. Of course, the aforementioned first extension 122 and second extension 123 may also be omitted.

[0020] Optionally, the metal waveguide structure 120 may further include a third extension and a fourth extension, which are respectively disposed on the first edge and the second edge of the antenna element 100. Both the third extension and the fourth extension extend in the direction of extending from the first end to the second end of the antenna element 100, thereby further reducing the coupling performance between adjacent antenna elements 100 and improving the anti-coupling performance between adjacent antenna elements 100.

[0021] Optionally, each antenna element 100 can be a single-layer structure; or, in another optional embodiment, each antenna element 100 is a double-layer structure, that is, each antenna element 100 includes a feed network 130 and a first radiator 140 and a second radiator 150 stacked circumferentially along the ring structure. The feed network 130 is disposed between the first radiator 140 and the second radiator 150, and the feed network 130 is electrically connected to both the first radiator 140 and the second radiator 150. A feed port 110 is disposed in the feed network 130. Both the first radiator 140 and the second radiator 150 are provided with the aforementioned plurality of grounding vias 160. The plurality of grounding vias 160 of the first radiator 140 and the plurality of grounding vias 160 of the second radiator 150 form the aforementioned metal waveguide structure 120. This scheme uses a stacked arrangement to place the feed network 130 between the first radiator 140 and the second radiator 150. Correspondingly, the feed port 110 is also located between the first radiator 140 and the second radiator 150. At this time, in the thickness direction of the antenna element 100, the feed port 110 is located in the middle part of the metal waveguide structure 120. The metal waveguide structure 120 has a large coverage area around the feed port 110, which can increase the performance of the metal waveguide structure 120 in confining the electromagnetic waves radiated by the feed port 110, thereby improving the anti-coupling performance between adjacent antenna elements 100.

[0022] In a further optional embodiment, both the first radiator 140 and the second radiator 150 include a substrate 141 and a radiating body 142. The radiating body 142 is disposed on the side of the substrate 141 facing away from the feed network 130. Multiple grounding vias 160 for forming the metal waveguide structure 120 are disposed on the substrate 141. The radiating body 142 is electrically connected to the feed network 130. The radiating body 142 is provided with a tapered groove 142a. The width of the tapered groove 142a gradually increases in the direction extending from the first end to the second end of the antenna element 100 and extends to the second end of the antenna element 100. That is, both the first radiator 140 and the second radiator 150 are Vivaldi antennas (also known as tapered slot antennas (TSA)), which have the characteristics of small size, wide bandwidth, and high gain. In addition, multiple antenna elements 100 are Vivaldi antennas, which facilitates manufacturing and installation.

[0023] Optionally, the tapered slot 142a can be in the shape of a horn, which is beneficial to improving the ability to confine the electromagnetic energy in the tapered slot 142a, so that the electromagnetic energy in the tapered slot 142a is more concentrated; in addition, adopting this kind of tapered slot 142a can improve the impedance matching characteristics of the antenna element 100, thereby increasing the gain of the antenna element 100.

[0024] Optionally, in the direction of extension from the narrow end to the wide end of the tapered slot 142a, the slot line of the tapered slot 142a may be exponentially varied to further improve the impedance matching performance of the antenna element 100.

[0025] Optionally, each antenna element 100 further includes at least two directors 143, each director 143 being disposed at the wide end of the tapered slot 142a, and the directors 143 being spaced apart along the width direction of the tapered slot 142a. Since electromagnetic energy is transmitted within the tapered slot 142a, by providing multiple directors 143 to guide the electromagnetic energy within the tapered slot 142a, the performance of the tapered slot 142a in radiating electromagnetic waves is improved, thereby increasing the antenna gain of the antenna element 100. In addition, the directors 143 can also adjust the impedance matching performance of the antenna element 100 to reduce the return loss of the antenna element 100, thereby further improving the radiation performance of the antenna element 100. Furthermore, the fact that each director 143 is disposed at the wide end of the tapered slot 142a not only facilitates the placement of each director 143. Of course, the aforementioned directors 143 may also be omitted, or only one director 143 may be provided.

[0026] Optionally, the director 143 can be triangular, rectangular, or similar in shape. However, since the edges of such structures have corners and their curvature changes significantly, they can easily cause sudden changes in the electromagnetic energy within the conical groove 142a, resulting in poor stability of the radiated electromagnetic waves. Therefore, in an optional embodiment, the edges of the director 143 are arc-shaped, which reduces the curvature change of the edges of the director 143. This allows the electromagnetic energy within the conical groove 142a to be transmitted more smoothly, thereby improving the stability and uniformity of the radiated electromagnetic waves.

[0027] Optionally, the director 143 can be a circular structure, an elliptical structure, etc.; or, in other optional embodiments, each director 143 is a long strip structure, and each director 143 extends along the extension direction of the conical groove 142a, that is, each director 143 extends along the groove depth direction of the conical groove 142a. This can improve the performance of each director 143 in guiding electromagnetic energy, so as to further increase the antenna gain of the antenna element 100; in addition, the long strip structure of the director 143 is convenient to be arranged in the conical groove 142a.

[0028] Optionally, the number of conical slots 142a can be one, or in other optional embodiments, the number of conical slots 142a is at least two. Each conical slot 142a is arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the central axis of the annular structure. The wide ends of adjacent conical slots 142a are connected, and the wide ends of adjacent conical slots 142a partially overlap. Adjacent conical slots 142a are symmetrically arranged about a first straight line. This solution increases the space for conical slots 142a to concentrate electromagnetic waves by providing multiple conical slots 142a, thereby improving the radiation performance of the antenna element 100 in the horizontal plane. Furthermore, the symmetrical arrangement of adjacent conical slots 142a about a first straight line ensures that the electromagnetic waves radiated by adjacent conical slots 142a are more uniformly distributed in the vertical direction.

[0029] In a further optional embodiment, at least two directors 143 include a first director 143a, a second director 143b, and a third director 143c. In the extension direction of the central axis of the annular structure, the first director 143a is disposed between the second director 143b and the third director 143c. The central axis of the first director 143a coincides with a first straight line (here, the first straight line is the axis of symmetry of adjacent conical slots 142a), and the second director 143b and the third director 143c are symmetrically arranged about the first straight line. That is, the directors 143 disposed on both sides of the first straight line are symmetrically arranged. In this case, the guiding performance of the directors 143 disposed in adjacent conical slots 142a for electromagnetic waves is basically the same, thereby making the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna element 100 more uniformly distributed in the vertical plane. Of course, the central axis of the first director 143a and the first straight line can also be spaced apart, and the directors 143 disposed in adjacent conical slots 142a can also be asymmetrical.

[0030] It should be noted that the first guide 143a is disposed on the axis of symmetry of the adjacent conical grooves 142a, the second guide 143b is disposed in one of the conical grooves 142a of the adjacent conical grooves 142a, and the third guide 143c is disposed in the other conical groove 142a, rather than each conical groove 142a of the adjacent conical grooves 142a having the first guide 143a, the second guide 143b, and the third guide 143c.

[0031] In a further optional embodiment, the length of the second director 143b is greater than the length of the first director 143a. The second director 143b and the third director 143c are symmetrically arranged about the first straight line. Correspondingly, the length of the third director 143c is also greater than the length of the first director 143a. This gradual change in the size of the director 143 improves the performance of the director 143 in guiding electromagnetic waves, thereby further improving the uniformity of electromagnetic wave distribution in the vertical plane and widening the 3dB beamwidth in the vertical plane. Furthermore, the space within the adjacent conical slot 142a is relatively large, which facilitates the arrangement of the longer second director 143b and third director 143c. Of course, the length of the third director 143c can also be equal to or less than the length of the first director 143a.

[0032] And / or, in another optional embodiment, the width of the second director 143b is greater than the width of the first director 143a, and the second director 143b and the third director 143c are symmetrically arranged about the first straight line. Accordingly, the width of the third director 143c is also greater than the width of the first director 143a. This arrangement of gradually changing director 143 dimensions can improve the performance of the director 143 in guiding electromagnetic waves, thereby further improving the uniformity of electromagnetic wave distribution in the vertical plane and widening the 3dB beamwidth in the vertical plane. Furthermore, the space within the adjacent conical slot 142a is relatively large, which facilitates the arrangement of the wider second director 143b and the third director 143c. Of course, the width of the third director 143c can also be equal to or less than the width of the first director 143a.

[0033] In another optional embodiment, at least two directors 143 include a first director 143a, a second director 143b, and a third director 143c. In the extension direction of the central axis of the annular structure, the first director 143a is disposed between the second director 143b and the third director 143c. The central axis of the first director 143a coincides with the central axis of the conical groove 142a, and the second director 143b and the third director 143c are symmetrically arranged about the central axis of the conical groove 142a. That is, the directors 143 disposed within the conical groove 142a are symmetrically arranged about the central axis of the conical groove 142a, which allows the electromagnetic waves radiated from the conical groove 142a to be more uniformly distributed in the vertical plane. Of course, the central axis of the first guide 143a and the central axis of the tapered groove 142a can also be spaced apart, and the second guide 143b and the third guide 143c can also be asymmetrical about the central axis of the tapered groove 142a.

[0034] Optionally, in any of the above embodiments, the second director 143b is inclined relative to the first director 143a. In the direction extending from the first end to the second end of the antenna unit 100, the distance between the central axis of the second director 143b and the central axis of the first director 143a gradually increases. At this time, the second director 143b occupies a larger space in the vertical direction, which can expand the coverage range of electromagnetic waves in the vertical plane, making the distribution of electromagnetic waves in the vertical plane more uniform, thereby improving the detection performance of the antenna unit 100 in the vertical plane. Furthermore, since the width of the tapered slot 142a gradually increases in the direction extending from the first end to the second end of the antenna unit 100, the inclined arrangement of the second director 143b facilitates its placement. Of course, the second director 143b can also be arranged parallel to the first director 143a.

[0035] And / or, in any of the above embodiments, the third director 143c is inclined relative to the first director 143a. In the direction extending from the first end to the second end of the antenna unit 100, the distance between the central axis of the third director 143c and the central axis of the first director 143a gradually increases. At this time, the third director 143c occupies a larger space in the vertical direction, which can expand the coverage range of electromagnetic waves in the vertical plane, making the distribution of electromagnetic waves in the vertical plane more uniform, thereby improving the detection performance of the antenna unit 100 in the vertical plane. Furthermore, since the width of the tapered slot 142a gradually increases in the direction extending from the first end to the second end of the antenna unit 100, the inclined arrangement of the third director 143c facilitates its placement. Of course, the third director 143c can also be arranged parallel to the first director 143a. Optionally, in the above embodiments, at least two directors 143 may further include a fourth director 143d and a fifth director 143e, with the first director 143a, the second director 143b, and the third director 143c all disposed between the fourth director 143d and the fifth director 143e. The second director 143b is located on the side opposite to the first director 143a, and the fifth director 143e is located on the side opposite to the first director 143a of the third director 143c. The length of the fourth director 143d is greater than the length of the second director 143b, and the length of the fifth director 143e is greater than the length of the third director 143c. That is, the size of each director located on both sides of the first director 143a gradually increases. This can further improve the performance of the director 143 in guiding electromagnetic waves, thereby making the distribution of electromagnetic waves in the vertical plane more uniform, so as to further widen the 3dB beamwidth in the vertical plane.

[0036] Optionally, the fourth director 143d is tilted relative to the first director 143a. In the direction extending from the first end to the second end of the antenna unit 100, the distance between the central axis of the fourth director 143d and the central axis of the first director 143a gradually increases. Similarly, the fifth director 143e is tilted relative to the first director 143a. In the direction extending from the first end to the second end of the antenna unit 100, the distance between the central axis of the fifth director 143e and the central axis of the first director 143a gradually increases. At this time, the fourth director 143d and the fifth director 143e occupy more space in the vertical direction, which can further expand the coverage range of electromagnetic waves in the vertical plane, make the distribution of electromagnetic waves in the vertical plane more uniform, and thus further improve the detection performance of the antenna unit 100 in the vertical plane.

[0037] Further optionally, the tilt angle of the fourth director 143d relative to the first director 143a is greater than the tilt angle of the second director 143b relative to the first director 143a, and the tilt angle of the fifth director 143e relative to the first director 143a is greater than the tilt angle of the third director 143c relative to the first director 143a. That is, multiple directors 143 with different tilt angles are arranged on both sides opposite to the first director 143a. This is beneficial to further improve the uniformity of the distribution of electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna element 100 in the vertical plane.

[0038] In an optional embodiment, at least two directors 143 are uniformly arranged on a first side and a second side opposite to a first straight line (here, the first straight line is the axis of symmetry of adjacent conical slots 142a). That is, half of the directors 143 are arranged in one conical slot 142a of the adjacent conical slots 142a, and the other half of the directors 143 are arranged in the other conical slot 142a. The directors 143 arranged on the first side and the directors 143 arranged on the second side are symmetrically arranged about the first straight line. In this case, the number of directors 143 can be further increased without changing the space of the conical slots 142a, thereby further widening the beamwidth in the vertical plane.

[0039] Based on the above, it can be seen that the number of directors 143 set in the conical groove 142a can be either odd or even.

[0040] In another optional embodiment, one of the first radiator 140 and the second radiator 150 is provided with a clearance opening 151, and the power supply port 110 is powered through the clearance opening 151. Optionally, the power supply port 110 is exposed through the clearance opening 151, and one end of the wire for connecting the power supply passes through the clearance opening 151 and is electrically connected to the power supply port 110. The power supply network 130 includes a power divider 131, which has an input port, a first output port 131a, and a second output port 131b. The power divider 131 is a 1-to-2 power divider. The input port is the power supply port 110, or the input port of the power divider 131 and the power supply port 110 can be electrically connected via a coaxial cable. The first output port 131a is coupled and electrically connected to the input port 145 of the first radiator 140, and the second output port 131b is coupled and electrically connected to the input port 152 of the second radiator 150, thereby supplying current to the first radiator 140 and the second radiator 150. In this scheme, the power supply network 130 supplies power to the first radiator 140 and the second radiator 150 through the power divider 131, which simplifies the structure of the power supply network 130 and reduces the number of clearance openings 151. Of course, both the first radiator 140 and the second radiator 150 may be provided with clearance openings 151, and the power supply network 130 transmits current through the clearance openings 151 of the first radiator 140 and the second radiator 150 respectively.

[0041] Optionally, a metal patch 131c is provided at both the first output port 131a and the second output port 131b of the power divider 131, and a coupling opening 144 is provided at both the input port 145 of the first radiator 140 and the input port 152 of the second radiator 150. The metal patch 131c and the coupling opening 144 are opposite each other in the thickness direction of the antenna element 100, and the metal patch 131c is coupled to the inner wall of the coupling opening 144 so that the feed network 130 and the radiating body 142 are coupled and electrically connected, thereby enabling the radiating body 142 to be coupled and fed.

[0042] Optionally, the edges of both the metal patch 131c and the coupling opening 144 can be arc-shaped structures. The arc-shaped structure has a smaller rate of curvature change, which can make energy transfer more stable during coupling, thereby improving the stability of the coupled power supply of the radiating body 142. Further, both the metal patch 131c and the coupling opening 144 can be circular structures, or they can be fan-shaped structures, etc. This application embodiment does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0043] In an optional embodiment, the radiating body 142 is provided with a groove 142b. Optionally, the groove 142b can be a rectangular groove, a V-shaped groove, an arc-shaped groove, or other structures, and this application embodiment does not limit this. The groove 142b can extend the current path inside the radiating body 142, thereby reducing the size of the radiating body 142 while keeping the frequency band width unchanged; or, while keeping the size of the radiating body 142 unchanged, it can further widen the low-frequency bandwidth of the antenna element 100, thereby improving the coverage range of the antenna element 100 in the low-frequency band. Of course, the first and second edges of the radiating body 142 may not have the aforementioned groove 142b.

[0044] Optionally, the groove 142b can be formed on the inner wall of the conical groove 142a; or, in other embodiments, the first edge and the second edge of the radiating body 142 along the extension direction of the central axis of the annular structure are provided with the above-mentioned groove 142b, that is, the groove 142b is located on the edge of the radiating body 142 away from the conical groove 142a, so as to ensure that the inner wall of the conical groove 142a has good continuity, thereby improving the uniformity of electromagnetic energy distribution, and facilitating the formation of the conical groove 142a.

[0045] In a further optional embodiment, the number of grooves 142b can be one; or, the number of grooves 142b can be at least two, with each groove 142b arranged sequentially at intervals along the groove depth direction of the conical groove 142a, that is, the first edge and the second edge of the radiating body 142 are both comb-shaped structures, so as to further extend the current path inside the radiating body 142, thereby reducing the size of the antenna element 100, and further reducing the volume of the entire direction-finding antenna, so that it occupies less space.

[0046] Optionally, the central axis of the conical groove 142a of each antenna element 100 can be perpendicular to the central axis of the annular structure formed by each antenna element 100; or, in other embodiments, each antenna element 100 is inclined upward relative to the central axis of the annular structure formed by each antenna element 100, that is, the angle between the central axis of the conical groove 142a of each antenna element 100 and the central axis of the annular structure formed by each antenna element 100 is an acute angle. In this case, part of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the direction-finding antenna radiates upward to expand the detection range.

[0047] Based on the antenna unit 100 provided in the embodiments of this application, optionally, the length of the antenna unit 100 can be 238mm, the width can be 126mm, and the height can be 2.5mm. Of course, the above values ​​can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs, and the embodiments of this application do not impose specific limitations on them.

[0048] refer to Figures 6 to 20Optionally, the antenna element 100 provided in this application embodiment has a gain greater than 6dBi in the 1.2-1.6GHz frequency band; a gain greater than 10dBi in the 2.0-3.0GHz frequency band; and a gain greater than 10dBi in the 5.0-6.0GHz frequency band. Furthermore, the antenna element 100 has a symmetrical radiation pattern at the 1.45GHz, 2.45GHz, and 5.8GHz frequency points.

[0049] In addition, Table 1 can be obtained from the beam diagrams of antenna element 100 at different frequency points.

[0050] Table 1

[0051] As shown in Table 1, antenna element 100 has good antenna gain at frequencies of 1.45GHz, 2.45GHz, and 5.8GHz.

[0052] In addition, Table 2 can be obtained from the beam diagrams of the direction-finding antenna at different frequencies.

[0053]

[0054] As shown in Table 2, the direction-finding antenna has good antenna gain at the 1.45GHz, 2.45GHz and 5.8GHz frequencies.

[0055] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A direction-finding antenna, characterized in that, The device includes at least two antenna elements (100) spaced apart, each antenna element (100) arranged in a ring structure. Each antenna element (100) is provided with a feed port (110) and a metal waveguide structure (120). In the radial direction of the ring structure, each antenna element (100) has a first end and a second end. The feed port (110) is located at the first end of the antenna element (100), and the first end of the antenna element (100) is close to the central axis of the ring structure. The metal waveguide structure (120) is partially arranged around the feed port (110) to form an opening facing the second end of the antenna element (100). Each of the antenna units (100) is provided with a plurality of spaced grounding vias (160), and the plurality of grounding vias (160) form the metal waveguide structure (120).

2. The direction-finding antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal waveguide structure (120) includes a waveguide structure body (121) which is disposed around a portion of the feed port (110). The waveguide structure body (121) includes a first part (121a), a second part (121b), and a third part (121c) connected in sequence. In the extension direction of the central axis of the ring structure, the first part (121a) and the third part (121c) are arranged opposite to each other. The second part (121b) is located between the feed port (110) and the central axis of the ring structure. The first part (121a), the second part (121b), and the third part (121c) form a receiving space, and the feed port (110) is located within the receiving space.

3. The direction-finding antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The metal waveguide structure (120) further includes a first extension (122) and a second extension (123), both of which are connected to the second part (121b). In the extension direction of the central axis of the annular structure, the first extension (122) and the second extension (123) extend in opposite directions to the first edge and the second edge of the antenna element (100).

4. The direction-finding antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each antenna element (100) includes a feed network (130) and a first radiator (140) and a second radiator (150) stacked circumferentially along the annular structure. The feed network (130) is disposed between the first radiator (140) and the second radiator (150). The feed network (130) is electrically connected to both the first radiator (140) and the second radiator (150). The feed port (110) is disposed in the feed network (130). Both the first radiator (140) and the second radiator (150) are provided with the plurality of grounding vias (160). The plurality of grounding vias (160) of the first radiator (140) and the plurality of grounding vias (160) of the second radiator (150) form the metal waveguide structure (120).

5. The direction-finding antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, Both the first radiator (140) and the second radiator (150) include a substrate (141), a radiating body (142), and at least two directors (143). The radiating body (142) is disposed on the side of the substrate (141) facing away from the feed network (130). The plurality of grounding vias (160) are disposed on the substrate (141). The radiating body (142) is electrically connected to the feed network (130). The radiating body (142) is provided with a tapered groove (142a). The width of the tapered groove (142a) gradually increases in the direction extending from the first end to the second end of the antenna element (100) and extends to the second end of the antenna element (100). Each of the directors (143) is disposed at the wide end of the conical groove (142a), and each of the directors (143) is arranged at intervals along the width direction of the conical groove (142a).

6. The direction-finding antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that, Each of the directors (143) has an elongated structure and extends along the extension direction of the conical groove (142a).

7. The direction-finding antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that, The number of the conical grooves (142a) is at least two, and each of the conical grooves (142a) is arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the central axis of the annular structure. The wide ends of adjacent conical grooves (142a) are connected, and the wide ends of adjacent conical grooves (142a) overlap. The adjacent conical grooves (142a) are symmetrically arranged about the first straight line.

8. The direction-finding antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that, The at least two guides (143) include a first guide (143a), a second guide (143b), and a third guide (143c). In the extension direction of the central axis of the annular structure, the first guide (143a) is disposed between the second guide (143b) and the third guide (143c). The central axis of the first guide (143a) coincides with the first straight line, and the second guide (143b) and the third guide (143c) are symmetrically arranged about the first straight line.

9. The direction-finding antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that, The length of the second director (143b) is greater than the length of the first director (143a), and / or the width of the second director (143b) is greater than the width of the first director (143a).

10. The direction-finding antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that, The at least two guides (143) include a first guide (143a), a second guide (143b), and a third guide (143c). In the extension direction of the central axis of the annular structure, the first guide (143a) is disposed between the second guide (143b) and the third guide (143c). The central axis of the first guide (143a) coincides with the central axis of the tapered groove (142a), and the second guide (143b) and the third guide (143c) are symmetrically arranged about the central axis of the tapered groove (142a).

11. The direction-finding antenna according to claim 8 or 10, characterized in that, The second director (143b) is inclined relative to the first director (143a), and the distance between the central axis of the second director (143b) and the central axis of the first director (143a) gradually increases in the direction extending from the first end to the second end of the antenna element (100); and / or, The third director (143c) is inclined relative to the first director (143a), and the distance between the central axis of the third director (143c) and the central axis of the first director (143a) gradually increases in the direction extending from the first end to the second end of the antenna unit (100).

12. The direction-finding antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that, The at least two guides (143) are evenly disposed on the first side and the second side opposite to the first straight line, and the guides (143) disposed on the first side and the guides (143) disposed on the second side are symmetrically disposed about the first straight line.

13. The direction-finding antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, One of the first radiator (140) and the second radiator (150) is provided with a clearance opening (151). The power supply port (110) is powered through the clearance opening (151). The power supply network (130) includes a power divider (131). The power divider (131) has an input port, a first output port (131a) and a second output port (131b). The input port is the power supply port (110). The first output port (131a) is electrically coupled to the input port (145) of the first radiator (140), and the second output port (131b) is electrically coupled to the input port (152) of the second radiator (150).

Images