A vegetation restoration method based on soil seed bank activation in arid region wetland
By identifying the components of wetland soil seed banks in arid regions and implementing targeted hydrological management and soil improvement, combined with artificial intervention, the problems of water shortage, salinization, and soil compaction in arid wetlands have been solved, resulting in vegetation restoration and ecological environment improvement.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NORTHEAST NORMAL UNIVERSITY
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-10
AI Technical Summary
Existing wetland restoration technologies have failed to effectively address the problems of water shortage, salinization, and soil compaction in arid wetlands, resulting in poor vegetation restoration and difficulty in achieving long-term stability.
By identifying soil seed bank components, implementing targeted hydrological management and soil improvement, and combining this with artificially mediated vegetation restoration, including water diversion, drip irrigation, tillage, and biochar application, a suitable germination environment is created to activate the natural germination potential of the soil seed bank.
It has achieved increased vegetation cover, increased species richness, improved soil properties, coordinated improvement of the ecological environment, sustainable restoration effect, and stable community structure.
Smart Images
Figure CN121795181B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of ecological environment restoration technology, and in particular relates to a method for restoring wetland vegetation in arid areas based on soil seed bank activation. Background Technology
[0002] As a unique type of ecosystem, wetlands in arid regions play an irreplaceable and crucial role in maintaining regional ecological balance, providing habitats for organisms, regulating regional climate, purifying water quality, and conserving water resources. However, the unique natural environment of arid regions, coupled with the increasing impact of human activities, has led to large-scale degradation of wetlands in these areas, severely threatening their ecological functions. Against this backdrop, the ecological restoration of wetlands in arid regions is particularly urgent. Vegetation plays the role of "engineer" in wetland ecosystems; its restoration and reconstruction are crucial for the recovery of wetland ecosystem functions and are a core element of wetland ecosystem restoration. Currently, vegetation restoration work in degraded wetlands in arid regions mainly relies on artificial restoration, i.e., restoring vegetation by introducing dominant plant propagules. While this method can quickly restore dominant plant communities in the short term, the lack of species diversity results in poor community stability. Furthermore, this method cannot effectively address core issues in arid wetlands such as water shortages, high salinity, and soil structure damage, making it difficult to maintain the long-term stability of the restored plant communities.
[0003] Soil seed bank technology is a crucial means of achieving near-natural restoration of degraded ecosystems. This technology primarily relies on seeds remaining in the soil for vegetation restoration, offering advantages such as speed, efficiency, stability, and low cost, and is considered a highly promising approach. However, the unique environmental conditions of arid regions present significant challenges to vegetation restoration through soil seed banks. On one hand, scarce rainfall and intense evaporation in arid areas lead to a continuous decline in wetland water levels and severe soil moisture deficiencies. This makes it difficult for seeds in the soil seed bank to obtain sufficient water to initiate the germination process, severely restricting plant growth, and causing many plants to gradually die due to their inability to adapt to the arid environment. On the other hand, salinization is a major problem facing wetlands in arid regions. Due to intense evaporation, salts accumulate in the soil, resulting in excessively high soil salinity. High salinity inhibits normal seed germination and plant growth and development, alters the soil's physicochemical properties, damages soil structure, and consequently leads to a reduction in vegetation species and cover.
[0004] Currently, most existing wetland restoration technologies fail to fully consider the unique environmental conditions of wetlands in arid regions, proving ineffective in addressing issues such as water scarcity, salinization, and soil compaction. Furthermore, there is a lack of effective measures for activating soil seed banks in arid wetlands. Therefore, those skilled in the art are eager to develop a soil seed bank activation technology and wetland vegetation restoration method specifically tailored to the characteristics of arid wetlands. This has significant practical and scientific value, not only contributing to the restoration of ecological functions and the protection of biodiversity in arid wetlands but also providing strong technical support for ecological improvement and sustainable development in these regions. Summary of the Invention
[0005] This invention addresses the problem that most existing wetland restoration technologies fail to adequately consider the unique environmental conditions of wetlands in arid regions, resulting in poor effectiveness in solving problems such as water shortage, salinization, and soil compaction. It provides a method for vegetation restoration in arid wetlands based on soil seed bank activation.
[0006] One objective of this invention is to provide a method for wetland vegetation restoration in arid areas based on soil seed bank activation, the method comprising the following steps:
[0007] S1. Identification of soil seed bank components in the restoration area: In March-April, transects were set up according to the area of the restoration area, and sampling points were set up at intervals on the transects. Soil samples were collected from each sampling point using the five-point sampling method. The number of soil samples collected was ≥5. After removing impurities, the soil samples were spread evenly in sterilized germination pots with drainage holes, with a soil thickness of 3-5 cm. Greenhouse germination experiments were conducted, and the components of the soil seed bank in the restoration area were identified based on the experimental results.
[0008] The steps for identifying the components of the soil seed bank in the restoration area based on experimental results are as follows: when the number of germinating species in the waterlogged soil sample treatment group is greater than that in the moist soil treatment group, the soil seed bank component in the restoration area is an aquatic plant seed bank; when the number of germinating species in the waterlogged soil sample treatment group is less than that in the moist soil treatment group, the soil seed bank component in the restoration area is a wetland plant seed bank.
[0009] When the number of germinating species in the waterlogged soil sample treatment group equals that in the moist soil treatment group, the composition of the soil seed bank in the recovery area is determined based on the germinating seed density; when the germinating seed density in the waterlogged soil sample treatment group is greater than or equal to that in the moist soil treatment group, the composition of the soil seed bank in the recovery area is an aquatic plant seed bank; when the germinating seed density in the waterlogged soil sample treatment group is less than that in the moist soil treatment group, the composition of the soil seed bank in the recovery area is a wetland plant seed bank.
[0010] S2. Based on the identification results of soil seed bank components in the restoration area in S1, perform precise targeted soil and hydrological management to activate the soil seed bank. The steps are as follows:
[0011] When the soil seed bank in the restoration area is converted into an aquatic plant seed bank, the surface water in the restoration area should be kept at a depth of ≥10 cm through water diversion facilities.
[0012] When the soil seed bank in the restoration area is divided into a wetland plant seed bank, a three-pronged operation is implemented in the restoration area. First, wells are drilled to extract groundwater, a drip irrigation system is installed with a spacing of 1.0-1.5 meters between drip irrigation pipes, and drip irrigation is carried out 1-2 times a day for 10-20 minutes each time during the germination period to maintain soil moisture at 60%-80%. Second, the soil in the restoration area is tilled to a depth of 20 cm. Finally, biochar is applied at a density of 300-500 grams per square meter and then lightly tilled and mixed in.
[0013] S3. Artificially mediated vegetation establishment and restoration:
[0014] If the number of germinating species in the greenhouse germination experiment of the soil sample in the restoration area described in S1 is ≤3, then in May, drought-tolerant and salt-tolerant wetland plants are selected as artificially mediated restoration species, and the above-mentioned restoration species are planted in the restoration area by transplanting or sowing. The restoration species are reed, Suaeda salsa, or Vitex trifolia.
[0015] S4. Ecological monitoring and restoration effect evaluation: The ecological monitoring schedule is set as follows: once a month during the first year of restoration, three times a year during the second to third year of restoration, and 1 to 2 times a year after the fourth year of restoration; the ecological monitoring indicators include: vegetation indicators, soil indicators and hydrological indicators.
[0016] The restoration threshold for evaluating the restoration effect is: when vegetation cover is ≥70% and species richness increases by ≥30% compared to before restoration;
[0017] If the restoration effect evaluation of the restoration area reaches the restoration threshold, it indicates that the vegetation restoration in the restoration area is successful;
[0018] If the restoration effect evaluation of the restoration area does not reach the restoration threshold, it indicates that the vegetation restoration in the restoration area has failed, and the S2-S3 steps can be restarted to carry out vegetation restoration again.
[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of setting transects according to the area of the restoration area in S1 is as follows: when the area of the restoration area is <1 hectare, 2-3 transects are set with a spacing of 10-20 meters; when the area of the restoration area is 1-5 hectares, 3-5 transects are set with a spacing of 20-30 meters; when the area of the restoration area is >5 hectares, ≥5 grid-like or parallel transects are set with a spacing of 30-50 meters.
[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of setting sampling points at intervals on the transect in S1 is as follows: when the restoration area is <1 hectare, 5-7 sampling points are set with an interval of 5-10 meters; when the restoration area is 1-5 hectares, 8-10 sampling points are set with an interval of 10-20 meters; when the restoration area is >5 hectares, 11-15 sampling points are set with an interval of 20-30 meters; the sampling points are set to avoid composting areas, irrigation canals and road edges.
[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the soil sample collection steps in S1 are as follows: using a soil auger to vertically collect 0-10 cm of topsoil as a sample, placing it separately into a cleaned and disinfected sealed container, marking the sampling latitude and longitude, date, transect number, sampling point number, and recording the topography, vegetation type, soil texture, and surrounding water source information of the sampling point.
[0022] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the steps of the greenhouse germination experiment described in S1 are as follows: a moist treatment group with soil moisture of 60%-80% and a flooded treatment group with water depth >10 cm are set up. Under an environment of 20-25℃, the species, number and time of seed germination are monitored and recorded, and the germination rate and seedling growth rate are statistically analyzed.
[0023] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the transplanting method described in S3 involves: selecting seedlings with a height of 10-15 cm, a rootstock diameter of ≥0.5 cm, a length of ≥15 cm, and ≥3 buds for transplanting; transplanting density at a spacing of 20 seedlings / square meter or 20 cm × 20 cm; and replenishing water through a drip irrigation system within 24 hours after transplanting to maintain soil moisture at 70%-80%.
[0024] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sowing method step S3 is as follows: after sowing, the surface is covered with 1-2 cm of fine soil, and the soil is kept moist by a drip irrigation system. The drip irrigation frequency is once a day for 15 minutes each time, maintaining the soil moisture at 60%-80% until the seedlings emerge. After the seedlings emerge, the drip irrigation frequency is reduced to once every 2 days. When the restored species is Suaeda salsa, the sowing amount is 2.0-3.0 g / m², and the sowing method is broadcasting. When the restored species is Vitex trifolia, the sowing amount is 2.0-4.0 g / m², and the sowing method is row sowing.
[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the vegetation indicators in S4 include: vegetation cover, species richness, biomass, and dominant species biomass.
[0026] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the soil indicators in S4 include: soil salinity, organic matter content, and moisture content.
[0027] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hydrological index in S4 includes: surface water level depth.
[0028] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention aims to provide a soil seed bank activation technology and wetland vegetation restoration method for arid wetlands. Addressing the core contradictions in arid wetlands caused by water scarcity leading to limited germination of soil seed banks, salinization inhibiting seed activity, and soil compaction hindering seed germination and root growth, this invention creates a suitable microenvironment for seed germination in the soil seed bank by targeted regulation of soil moisture conditions (such as water diversion and drip irrigation for moisture retention) and improvement of soil physicochemical properties (such as applying biochar to reduce salinity and tilling to break up compaction), thereby effectively activating the natural germination potential of the soil seed bank. Simultaneously, combined with artificial intervention to supplement missing dominant species, this invention ultimately promotes the natural restoration of wetland vegetation and the construction of stable communities, improving the ecological environment of arid wetlands. It fills the technological gap in existing technologies that lack specific limitations for arid wetland conditions and struggle to efficiently activate soil seed banks, enhancing the targetedness and sustainability of vegetation restoration.
[0029] This invention addresses the core pain points of wetlands in arid regions, namely, "water shortage restricts seed germination, salinization inhibits species activity, and soil compaction hinders community building." It constructs a full-chain vegetation restoration technology system consisting of "precise seed bank identification, targeted environmental regulation, contextualized artificial relocation, and long-term dynamic monitoring," forming the following three core technological advantages and significant application value.
[0030] From the perspective of technological innovation, this invention breaks through the limitations of traditional artificial planting, which emphasizes short-term coverage and neglects natural succession. It uses a soil seed bank as the core restoration carrier and precisely matches the characteristics of the seed bank through a greenhouse dual-water level germination experiment (wet / flood gradient). For different scenarios dominated by aquatic / wet plants, it designs differentiated control schemes such as "water diversion and water level raising" and "tillage + biochar + drip irrigation". Biochar improves soil structure and reduces salinity (solving the salinization problem), while the drip irrigation system precisely maintains 60%-80% field water holding capacity (solving the drought and water shortage problem). This maximizes the activation of the natural germination potential of the seed bank and is more in line with the ecological laws of wetlands in arid areas compared with traditional technologies.
[0031] In terms of practical results, as verified by specific implementation examples, the vegetation cover in the restoration area using this technology reached 78.6% (far exceeding the success threshold of ≥70%), and the species richness increased to 5.1 species / m². 2 (An increase of over 100% compared to pre-recovery levels), with total aboveground biomass reaching 88.9 g / m³. 2Furthermore, by transplanting reed rhizomes (with a survival rate of ≥85%), the gap in the dominant species was filled, forming a stable and functional plant community. Simultaneous monitoring showed that the soil organic matter content increased, salinity decreased, and the hydrological environment was adapted to the plant growth needs, achieving synergistic improvement of "vegetation-soil-hydrology" and solving the problems of poor community stability and unsustainable ecological functions in traditional restoration.
[0032] From an application value perspective, this technology combines low cost and sustainability: on the one hand, relying on the natural germination of soil seed banks reduces the material and labor costs of large-scale artificial planting; on the other hand, artificial intervention is only aimed at precisely filling gaps in scenarios such as "insufficient species in the seed bank" and "lack of dominant species," which conforms to the natural succession law of ecosystems, and the restoration effect can be maintained for a long time; its technical solution can flexibly adjust the transect setting, sampling density, and drip irrigation parameters according to the restoration area (<1 hectare to >5 hectares), adapting to the restoration needs of degraded wetlands in arid areas of different sizes, providing a replicable and scalable technical paradigm for wetland ecological restoration, biodiversity protection, and regional ecological security maintenance in arid areas, with broad application prospects and significant ecological value. Attached Figure Description
[0033] Figure 1 Statistical charts of species richness and seed density in the soil seed bank of the restoration area; a) Statistical chart of species richness; b) Statistical chart of seed density;
[0034] Figure 2 Maps showing wetland vegetation status in arid areas under different treatments in the restoration zone; a) Vegetation cover statistics; b) Species richness statistics; c) Total biomass statistics; d) Reed biomass statistics.
[0035] Figure 3 Images show the before and after processing of the recovery area; a is the before processing image; b is the after processing image. Detailed Implementation
[0036] Those skilled in the art can refer to the content of this document and appropriately improve the process parameters to achieve the desired results. It should be particularly noted that all similar substitutions and modifications are obvious to those skilled in the art and are considered to be included in this invention. The methods and applications of this invention have been described through preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obviously make modifications or appropriate alterations and combinations to the methods and applications described herein without departing from the content and scope of this invention to implement and apply the technology of this invention.
[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following embodiments are conventional methods, and the materials, reagents, methods, and instruments used are all conventional materials, reagents, methods, and instruments in the art, and can be obtained commercially by those skilled in the art.
[0038] The following examples show that degraded wetlands of less than 1 hectare were selected as restoration areas in arid regions.
[0039] Example 1: Identification of components in the soil seed bank of the restoration area
[0040] In March and April, two transects were set up according to the area of the restoration zone, with sampling points set up 10 meters apart in each transect, for a total of 9 sampling points. Soil samples were collected from each sampling point using a five-point sampling method. Five soil samples were collected and mixed. After removing impurities, the soil samples were spread evenly in sterilized germination pots with drainage holes, with a soil thickness of 3-5 cm. Greenhouse germination experiments were conducted, and the seed bank components of the restoration zone soil were identified based on the experimental results; this is referred to as: moist.
[0041] The steps of the greenhouse germination experiment were as follows: three water conditions were set up: a germination control (near-natural conditions), a moist group (soil maintaining 60%-80% of field capacity), and a flooded group (10 cm of water), with five replicates for each treatment; during the seed germination process, the species, quantity, and time of seed germination were recorded, and the germination situation under different water level gradients was compared and analyzed. The germination rate, seedling growth rate, and other indicators of different species in different treatment groups were statistically analyzed to clarify the plant species and seed germination potential existing in the soil seed bank of the restoration area.
[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, after a 30-day germination experiment, the germinating plant species recorded included *Ligustrum lucidum*, *Suaeda salsa*, *Vitex negundo*, and *Potamogeton crispus*. Based on the germinating species in the restoration area, *Phragmites australis*, a dominant species in the restoration area, did not germinate, indicating a lack of *Phragmites australis* seeds in its soil seed bank. The number of germinating species in the soil seed bank of the restoration area was significantly higher under moist and flooded conditions than before restoration, with moist conditions showing the highest restoration effect, exhibiting significantly higher germination species richness and seed density than other conditions. Therefore, the wetland vegetation restoration method for arid areas provided by this invention can effectively activate the soil seed bank in arid areas by increasing soil moisture.
[0043] Example 2:
[0044] Based on the identification results of soil seed bank components in the restoration area in Example 1 (the germinating species in the soil seed bank in the restoration area are mainly wetland plants), precise targeted soil and hydrological management was carried out to activate the soil seed bank. The steps were as follows: When the soil seed bank components in the restoration area were wetland plant seed banks, a three-linkage operation was implemented in the restoration area, specifically: soil seed activation was carried out by drip irrigation + soil tillage + biochar addition. Specifically, two deep wells were drilled in the wetland, and groundwater extraction equipment and drip irrigation systems were installed; during the seed germination period in spring (late March to mid-April), drip irrigation was carried out twice a day, with each irrigation lasting 20 minutes, keeping the soil moist; at the same time, agricultural machinery was used to till the wetland soil to a depth of 20 cm, and then biochar was evenly spread on the soil surface at a rate of 300-500 grams per square meter, and then shallow tilled again to ensure that the biochar was fully mixed with the soil and to promote species germination; this was referred to as: moistening + biochar.
[0045] Artificially mediated vegetation restoration: In the germination experiment of Example 1, it was found that the soil seed bank lacked the local native typical wetland species reed. Therefore, reed rhizomes were artificially transplanted in May and June. The selected reed rhizomes were ≥0.5 cm in diameter and ≥15 cm in length, and had more than 3 buds. They were transplanted to the restoration area at a density of 20 plants / square meter. During transplanting, the plant spacing was maintained at 20 cm × 20 cm to avoid local overcrowding or sparseness. After transplanting, water was replenished through a drip irrigation system to maintain the soil moisture content at 70%-80% of field capacity, and water was continuously replenished for 7-10 days.
[0046] Ecological monitoring and restoration effect evaluation: Ecological monitoring will be conducted once a month during the restoration year. The ecological monitoring indicators include: plant cover, species richness, biomass, and dominant species biomass.
[0047] The restoration threshold for evaluating the restoration effect is: when vegetation cover is ≥70% and species richness increases by ≥30% compared to before restoration;
[0048] If the restoration effect evaluation of the restoration area reaches the restoration threshold, it indicates that the vegetation restoration in the restoration area is successful;
[0049] If the restoration effect evaluation of the restoration area does not reach the restoration threshold, it indicates that the vegetation restoration in the restoration area has failed, and the S2-S3 steps can be restarted to carry out vegetation restoration again.
[0050] like Figure 2-3As shown, in the year of restoration, the survival rate of artificially transplanted reed rhizomes reached 85%. The wet + biochar treatment group increased vegetation cover by nearly 100% (91.7%) compared to before restoration, and the post-treatment cover (78.6%) far exceeded the set "vegetation restoration success threshold (≥70%)", indicating that the vegetation cover restoration effect reached the restoration threshold, indicating that the vegetation restoration in the restoration area was successful and the restoration effect was significant. After restoration using the wetland vegetation restoration method provided by this invention, the species richness reached 5.1 species / square meter, an increase of 104.0%, achieving a doubling of the number of species, far exceeding the threshold of "species richness increased by ≥30% compared to before restoration", and the community diversity was significantly improved. The wet + biochar treatment group increased biomass by 116.8%, and the total biomass was close to 2.2 times that before restoration, reflecting a significant increase in vegetation productivity and enhanced ecosystem material accumulation capacity. The soil seed bank lacked the local native dominant species reed. By transplanting rhizomes, a reed community was successfully established (biomass 68.5 g / m²), filling the gap of the typical dominant species and contributing to the stability of the community structure.
[0051] The above data show that the vegetation coverage of arid wetlands restored using the arid wetland vegetation restoration method provided by this invention is significantly improved, the number of plant species is increased, the vegetation coverage and species richness of the restored area both reach the threshold of vegetation restoration effect, and the ecological environment of the restored area is significantly improved.
[0052] Simultaneous monitoring of soil physicochemical properties showed that the implementation of wetting + biochar treatment increased soil organic carbon by 15%, reduced total salinity by 12%, and increased soil moisture content by 30% compared to before restoration. The restoration area achieved synergistic improvement of "vegetation-soil-hydrology", solving the problems of poor community stability and unsustainable ecological functions in traditional restoration.
[0053] In summary, the wetland vegetation restoration method based on soil seed bank activation provided by this invention can effectively solve the problems faced by wetlands in arid areas, realize the restoration of wetland vegetation and the improvement of the ecological environment, and has good application prospects and promotion value.
[0054] The specific embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific embodiments described. Many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention.
Claims
1. A method for wetland vegetation restoration in arid areas based on soil seed bank activation, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1. Identification of soil seed bank components in the restoration area: In March-April, transects were set up according to the area of the restoration area, and sampling points were set up at intervals on the transects. Soil samples were collected from each sampling point using the five-point sampling method. The number of soil samples collected was ≥5. After removing impurities, the soil samples were spread evenly in sterilized germination pots with drainage holes, with a soil thickness of 3-5 cm. Greenhouse germination experiments were conducted, and the components of the soil seed bank in the restoration area were identified based on the experimental results. The steps for identifying the components of the soil seed bank in the restoration area based on experimental results are as follows: when the number of germinating species in the waterlogged soil sample treatment group is greater than that in the moist soil treatment group, the soil seed bank component in the restoration area is an aquatic plant seed bank; when the number of germinating species in the waterlogged soil sample treatment group is less than that in the moist soil treatment group, the soil seed bank component in the restoration area is a wetland plant seed bank. When the number of germinating species in the waterlogged soil sample treatment group equals that in the moist soil treatment group, the composition of the soil seed bank in the recovery area is determined based on the germinating seed density; when the germinating seed density in the waterlogged soil sample treatment group is greater than or equal to that in the moist soil treatment group, the composition of the soil seed bank in the recovery area is an aquatic plant seed bank; when the germinating seed density in the waterlogged soil sample treatment group is less than that in the moist soil treatment group, the composition of the soil seed bank in the recovery area is a wetland plant seed bank. S2. Based on the identification results of the soil seed bank components in the restoration area in S1, conduct precise targeted soil and hydrological management to activate the soil seed bank. The steps are as follows: When the soil seed bank components in the restoration area are aquatic plant seed banks, ensure that the surface water in the restoration area is ≥10 cm through water diversion facilities; when the soil seed bank components in the restoration area are wetland plant seed banks, implement a three-linkage operation in the restoration area. First, drill wells to extract groundwater, install a drip irrigation system with a drip irrigation pipe spacing of 1.0-1.5 meters, and drip irrigate 1-2 times a day for 10-20 minutes each time during the germination period to maintain soil moisture at 60%-80%. Second, till the soil in the restoration area to a depth of 20 cm. Finally, apply 300-500 grams of biochar per square meter and then lightly till and mix. S3. Artificially mediated vegetation restoration: If the number of germinating species in the greenhouse germination experiment of the soil samples in the restoration area described in S1 is ≤3, then in May, drought-tolerant and salt-tolerant wetland plants are selected as artificially mediated restoration species. The above-mentioned restoration species are planted in the restoration area by transplanting or sowing. The restoration species are reeds, Suaeda salsa, or Vitex trifolia. S4. Ecological monitoring and restoration effect evaluation: The ecological monitoring schedule is set as follows: once a month during the first year of restoration, three times a year during the second to third year of restoration, and 1 to 2 times a year after the fourth year of restoration; the ecological monitoring indicators include: vegetation indicators, soil indicators and hydrological indicators. The restoration threshold for evaluating the restoration effect is: when vegetation cover is ≥70% and species richness increases by ≥30% compared to before restoration; If the restoration effect evaluation of the restoration area reaches the restoration threshold, it indicates that the vegetation restoration in the restoration area is successful; If the restoration effect evaluation of the restoration area does not reach the restoration threshold, it indicates that the vegetation restoration of the restoration area has failed, and the S2-S3 steps should be restarted to carry out vegetation restoration again.
2. The method for restoring wetland vegetation in arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for setting up transects based on the area of the restoration zone as described in S1 are as follows: when the area of the restoration zone is <1 hectare, set up 2-3 transects with a spacing of 10-20 meters; when the area of the restoration zone is 1-5 hectares, set up 3-5 transects with a spacing of 20-30 meters; when the area of the restoration zone is >5 hectares, set up ≥5 grid-like or parallel transects with a spacing of 30-50 meters.
3. The method for restoring wetland vegetation in arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for setting sampling points at intervals on the transect as described in S1 are as follows: when the restoration area is <1 hectare, set 5-7 sampling points with an interval of 5-10 meters; when the restoration area is 1-5 hectares, set 8-10 sampling points with an interval of 10-20 meters; when the restoration area is >5 hectares, set 11-15 sampling points with an interval of 20-30 meters; the sampling points should be set away from composting areas, irrigation canals, and road edges.
4. The method for restoring wetland vegetation in arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil sample collection steps described in S1 are as follows: use a soil auger to vertically collect the top 0-10 cm layer of soil as a sample, put it into a sealed container after cleaning and disinfection, mark the sampling latitude and longitude, date, transect number, sampling point number, and record the topography, vegetation type, soil texture and surrounding water source information of the sampling point.
5. The method for restoring wetland vegetation in arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of the greenhouse germination experiment described in S1 are as follows: set up a moist treatment group with soil moisture of 60%-80% and a flooded treatment group with water depth >10 cm. Under the environment of 20-25℃, monitor and record the species, number and time of seed germination, and count the germination rate and seedling growth rate.
6. The method for restoring wetland vegetation in arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transplanting steps described in S3 are as follows: Select seedlings with a height of 10-15 cm, a root diameter of ≥0.5 cm, a length of ≥15 cm, and ≥3 buds for transplanting; the transplanting density is 20 seedlings / square meter or 20 cm × 20 cm spacing; water is replenished through a drip irrigation system within 24 hours after transplanting to maintain soil moisture at 70%-80%.
7. The method for restoring wetland vegetation in arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sowing method described in S3 is as follows: After sowing, cover the surface with 1-2 cm of fine soil, and keep the soil moist through a drip irrigation system. The drip irrigation frequency is once a day for 15 minutes each time, maintaining the soil moisture at 60%-80% until the seedlings emerge. After the seedlings emerge, reduce the drip irrigation frequency to once every two days. When the restored species is Suaeda salsa, the sowing amount is 2.0-3.0 g / m², and the sowing method is broadcasting. When the restored species is Vitex trifolia, the sowing amount is 2.0-4.0 g / m², and the sowing method is row sowing.
8. The method for restoring wetland vegetation in arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vegetation indicators mentioned in S4 include: vegetation cover, species richness, biomass, and dominant species biomass.
9. The method for restoring wetland vegetation in arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil indicators mentioned in S4 include: soil salinity, organic matter content, and moisture content.
10. The method for restoring wetland vegetation in arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrological indicators mentioned in S4 include: surface water level depth.