Large-scale cultivation method and device for ginseng

Abstract

The invention discloses a large-scale cultivation method and device for ginseng. The method comprises the following steps that S1, ginseng seedlings are subjected to cleaning, disinfection and pruning pretreatment; the device comprises a support, a containing box is installed on the support, a detachable planting plate is arranged at the upper end of the containing box, a plurality of exhaust pipes are installed on an air bag, and electromagnetic valves are installed on the exhaust pipes; when the air supply equipment supplies air into the air bag, the volume of the expanded air bag is one third of the volume of the nutrient solution. According to the method, the pain points of long period, non-uniform quality, continuous cropping obstacles and the like of traditional soil culture are effectively overcome, and the standardized and large-scale supply requirements of the large health industry are accurately matched; the EC and pH values of the nutrient solution are accurately regulated and controlled, the mode that one third of the nutrient solution is replaced every week and recycled is adopted, and the liquid level is stably controlled by means of an air bag, so that violent fluctuation of root system osmotic pressure is avoided; by combining exhaust oxygenation and liquid mixing design, uniform concentration of the nutrient solution is ensured, dissolved oxygen is sufficient, root systems are protected, and cultivation cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of plant cultivation technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for large-scale cultivation of ginseng. Background Technology

[0002] Ginseng is a traditional and precious Chinese medicinal herb. Its core active ingredient is ginsenoside, which is a key raw material for the health industry and the production of traditional Chinese medicine. Traditional cultivation relies heavily on forest humus and a semi-wild environment, and generally suffers from problems such as long growth cycle, low land utilization, susceptibility to pests and diseases, uneven quality, and difficulty in scaling up. Furthermore, it is significantly affected by continuous cropping obstacles and climate fluctuations, making it difficult to consistently meet market demand.

[0003] Existing cultivation facilities mostly consist of simple greenhouses, which lack adequate control over temperature, light, water, air, and fertilizer. This leads to problems such as root rot, frequent diseases, and insufficient saponin accumulation, resulting in low overall production efficiency and significant fluctuations in the quality of medicinal materials. These practices cannot meet the demands of industrialized, efficient cultivation and standardized supply. With the depletion of wild resources, increasingly stringent ecological controls, and continuously growing market demand, traditional methods and simple facilities are no longer sufficient to support the high-quality development of the industry.

[0004] Therefore, this application proposes a method and apparatus for large-scale cultivation of ginseng. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned technical problems by proposing a method and apparatus for large-scale cultivation of ginseng.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for large-scale cultivation of ginseng includes the following steps: S1 involves pre-treating the ginseng seedlings by cleaning, disinfecting, and pruning. S2, adjust the nutrient solution EC to 1.2-2.0 mS / cm and pH to 5.5-6.5, put the nutrient solution into the cultivation rack in the intelligent greenhouse, and plant the treated ginseng seedlings on the cultivation rack, with the roots in contact with the nutrient solution; S3, the nutrient solution in the cultivation rack is circulated for 8-12 hours a day, the light duration is 8-12 hours a day, and 1 / 3 of the nutrient solution is replaced every 7 days. When the nutrient solution is replaced, the ginseng seedling roots are always in the nutrient solution. S4 intelligently regulates the environmental parameters for ginseng seedling cultivation through a smart greenhouse; S5 is harvested after 6-12 months of cultivation.

[0007] Preferably, the cultivation environment parameters are: temperature 18-25℃, air humidity 60%-80%, CO2 concentration 800-1200ppm, and light intensity 100-300μmol / m². 2 ・s.

[0008] Preferably, the ginseng seedling treatment method is as follows: select healthy ginseng seedlings, rinse the soil around the roots with clean water, disinfect with 0.1%-0.3% potassium permanganate solution or 500-800 times carbendazim solution for 3-5 minutes, cut off diseased and rotten roots, and dry the surface moisture in a cool place for later use.

[0009] Preferably, the ginseng seedlings are fixed in planting cups, which are then embedded in the cultivation rack, so that the roots of the ginseng seedlings are immersed in the nutrient solution without soaking the base of the stem.

[0010] This invention also discloses a ginseng large-scale cultivation device. The cultivation rack includes a support frame, on which a container is mounted. The upper end of the container is provided with a detachable planting plate. The planting plate is provided with a placement slot for placing planting cups. An air supply device is mounted on the support frame. An air bladder connected to the air supply device is provided inside the container. Multiple exhaust pipes are mounted on the air bladder, and solenoid valves are mounted on the exhaust pipes. When the air supply device supplies gas into the air bladder, the volume of the air bladder after expansion is one-third of the volume of the nutrient solution.

[0011] Preferably, the intelligent greenhouse is equipped with an installation frame, on which a dimmable LED module and an online environmental monitoring module are installed; The red-blue light ratio of the dimmable LED module is 5:1-6:1; The online environmental monitoring module includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and a carbon dioxide concentration sensor.

[0012] Preferably, a drain pipe is installed at the lower end of one side of the container, and a control valve is installed on the drain pipe.

[0013] Preferably, the planting plate is connected to the container via multiple connectors, each connector including a U-shaped block fixed to the outer wall of the container, a connecting block fixed to the planting plate, and a limiting block that can be inserted into the U-shaped block fixed to the bottom of the connecting block.

[0014] Preferably, the planting plate is connected to the container via multiple connectors, each connector including a U-shaped block fixed to the outer wall of the container, a connecting block fixed to the planting plate, and a limiting block that can be inserted into the U-shaped block fixed to the bottom of the connecting block.

[0015] Preferably, a circulation device is installed at the bottom of the container, and the circulation device is connected to the container through a pipe. The circulation device is used to circulate the nutrient solution within the container.

[0016] Preferably, the container is equipped with an EC sensor and a pH meter.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. Effectively solves the problems of long growth cycle, low land utilization and uneven quality of traditional ginseng soil cultivation, while avoiding the defects of continuous cropping obstacles, climate fluctuations and insufficient synergistic control of temperature, light, water and fertilizer in simple facility cultivation, adapting to the standardized and large-scale supply demand of ginseng raw materials in the big health industry, and supporting the high-quality development of the industry.

[0018] 2. The nutrient solution adopts precise EC and pH value control and a weekly 1 / 3 replacement mode to ensure that the roots are always immersed in the nutrient solution during replacement, avoiding root damage; the circulation and aeration system increases dissolved oxygen, and the replaced nutrient solution can be reused, with a water and fertilizer utilization rate of over 90%, realizing the resource utilization of water and fertilizer and reducing cultivation costs.

[0019] 3. The air bladder expands and squeezes the nutrient solution upwards, keeping the nutrient solution level at almost the same position. This ensures that the ginseng seedling roots are always in the nutrient solution, thus preventing drastic fluctuations in osmotic pressure that could cause root damage, wilting, or root rot.

[0020] 4. After the air is discharged through the exhaust pipe, it enters the nutrient solution. The air exists in the form of bubbles and moves upward. This mixes the new nutrient solution with the old nutrient solution, ensuring a uniform concentration of nutrient solution and increasing the dissolved oxygen content in the nutrient solution.

[0021] In summary, this invention effectively addresses the pain points of traditional soil cultivation, such as long cycles, uneven quality, and continuous cropping obstacles, precisely matching the standardized and large-scale supply needs of the health industry. By precisely controlling the EC and pH values ​​of the nutrient solution, adopting a mode of replacing 1 / 3 weekly and reusing the solution, and using airbags to stabilize the liquid level, it avoids drastic fluctuations in root osmotic pressure. Combined with degassing and oxygenation design and liquid mixing, it ensures uniform nutrient solution concentration and sufficient dissolved oxygen, protecting the root system while reducing cultivation costs. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a ginseng large-scale cultivation device proposed in this invention; Figure 2 This is a side view of a ginseng large-scale cultivation device proposed in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cultivation rack in a ginseng large-scale cultivation device proposed in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting component in a ginseng large-scale cultivation device proposed in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the air bladder structure in a ginseng large-scale cultivation device proposed in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the EC sensor structure in a ginseng large-scale cultivation device proposed in this invention.

[0023] In the diagram: 1 Intelligent greenhouse, 2 Cultivation rack, 21 Support frame, 22 Packing box, 221 Drainage pipe, 222 Airbag, 223 Exhaust pipe, 224 Solenoid valve, 23 Planting board, 24 Placement trough, 25 Circulation equipment, 26 Air supply equipment, 27 Connector, 271 Connecting block, 272 U-shaped block, 273 Limiting block, 28 EC sensor, 29 pH meter, 3 Mounting rack, 4 Dimmable LED module, 5 Online environmental monitoring module. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0025] A method and apparatus for large-scale ginseng cultivation, including specific applications, operation procedures and parameter control, combined with a modular intelligent greenhouse and hydroponic technology system, to achieve industrialized and standardized ginseng cultivation, solving problems such as long growth cycle, low land utilization and uneven quality in traditional soil cultivation.

[0026] Reference Figures 1-6 The intelligent greenhouse 1 is equipped with multiple cultivation racks 2, and is equipped with adjustable LED modules 4, online environmental monitoring modules 5 and a central control system. It realizes intelligent and coordinated regulation of temperature, light, water, air and fertilizer throughout the process. The cultivation cycle is 6-12 months, and the content of effective ingredients such as ginsenosides is uniform and controllable.

[0027] The cultivation device is based on the intelligent greenhouse 1 and includes cultivation rack 2, mounting rack 3, dimmable LED module 4, online environmental monitoring module 5 and central controller. The assembly of each component must follow the principles of modularization and standardization. After assembly, the whole system is debugged to ensure that each functional unit operates normally.

[0028] The cultivation rack 2 consists of a support frame 21, a container 22, a planting board 23, a circulation device 25, an air supply device 26, and a connector 27. The support frame 21 is made of aluminum alloy. During construction, the horizontal and vertical alignment is ensured. Anti-slip pads are installed at the bottom to prevent nutrient solution leakage due to uneven ground. The container 22 is installed in a pre-set slot on the bracket 21 and fixed with bolts. A drain pipe 221 is welded to the lower end of one side of the container 22. A stainless steel control valve is installed on the drain pipe 221. A flow meter is also installed on the drain pipe 221 to know the amount of nutrient solution discharged.

[0029] The gas supply device 26 is fixed to the side of the bracket 21. Its gas outlet is equipped with a flow meter. Its output end is sealed to the air bag 222 inside the container 22. The air bag 222 is evenly distributed with exhaust pipes 223 (with check valves installed inside). Each exhaust pipe 223 is equipped with a solenoid valve 224. During debugging, it is ensured that when the gas supply device 26 is working, the volume of the air bag 222 after expansion is 1 / 3 of the volume of the nutrient solution in the container 22, and the exhaust pipe 223 emits gas evenly. Further detailed explanation: When replacing the nutrient solution in the container 22, i.e., replacing one-third of the nutrient solution, the air supply device 26 first delivers a fixed amount of air into the air bladder 222. The air bladder 222 expands, thereby squeezing the nutrient solution upwards, while the drain pipe 221 discharges the nutrient solution. Because a flow meter is installed, it ensures that the rate of air delivery to the air bladder 222 is the same as the rate of water discharge from the drain pipe 221. Even though air is compressible, the air bladder can still expand and squeeze the nutrient solution upwards by precisely controlling the air intake and drainage rates, so that the liquid level of the nutrient solution is always at almost the same position. This ensures that the ginseng seedling roots are always in the nutrient solution, thus preventing drastic fluctuations in osmotic pressure that could cause root damage, wilting, and root rot.

[0030] Then, the newly prepared nutrient solution is slowly added to the container 22. When adding the new nutrient solution, the solenoid valve 224 on the exhaust pipe 223 is opened, and the air in the airbag 222 is discharged through the exhaust pipe 223. The amount of air discharged through the exhaust pipe 223 per unit time is the same as the amount of nutrient solution added to the container 22, so as to maintain the stability of the liquid level.

[0031] After being discharged through exhaust pipe 223, the air enters the nutrient solution. The air exists in the form of bubbles and moves upward, which can mix the new nutrient solution with the old nutrient solution, ensuring a uniform concentration of nutrient solution and increasing the dissolved oxygen content in the nutrient solution.

[0032] The planting board 23 is made of food-grade PVC material, and an array of placement grooves 24 are opened on the surface. The diameter of the placement grooves 24 matches the planting cup. The planting board 23 is detachably connected to the container 22 through the connector 27. The connecting block 271 of the connector 27 fits tightly with the U-shaped block 272. The limiting block 273 is inserted into the U-shaped block 272 without loosening, ensuring that the planting board 23 is horizontal and without deviation after installation. Multiple sets of EC sensors 28 and pH meters 29 are installed on the inner wall of the container 22 to ensure the accuracy of the detection. The probe is completely attached to the lower middle part of the inner side of the container 22 to ensure that the probe is completely immersed in the nutrient solution during the detection and there is no exposed part.

[0033] Mounting frame 3 is fixed to the top of intelligent greenhouse 1. Dimmable LED modules 4 are evenly installed on mounting frame 3, with one set of LED modules corresponding to each cultivation rack 2. The vertical distance between the module and the planting board 23 is 30-40cm. During debugging, the red-blue light ratio of the LED module is adjusted to 5:1-6:1, and the light intensity adjustment range is set to 100-300μmol / m 2 •s, and supports timed on / off switching with an error of ≤5min; The environmental online monitoring module 5 includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and a carbon dioxide concentration sensor, which are respectively deployed at the four corners and the center of the intelligent greenhouse 1. The sensors are 1.2-1.5m above the ground to avoid the cultivation racks obstructing the detection accuracy. At the same time, a nutrient solution temperature sensor is added inside the container 22 to monitor the nutrient solution temperature in real time. The central controller is installed in the operating room of the intelligent greenhouse 1 and is wirelessly connected to the dimmable LED module 4, the online environmental monitoring module 5, the circulation equipment 25, the gas supply equipment 26, the EC sensor 28, and the pH meter 29. During commissioning, it is ensured that the central controller can receive data from each sensor in real time and can automatically adjust each execution unit according to preset parameters. The data transmission delay is ≤1s and the control command response time is ≤3s.

[0034] A circulation device 25 is installed at the bottom of the container 22. The circulation device 25 is connected to the container 22 through a pipe. The circulation device 25 is used to circulate the nutrient solution in the container 22. The circulation device 25 is a silent circulation pump. It is connected to the container 22 through a food-grade silicone pipe. Filters are installed at both ends of the pipe. The filter screen has a mesh size of 80-100 mesh to prevent root residue from clogging the pipe. During debugging: Fill the container 22 with clean water, turn on the circulation pump, check the entire pipeline for leaks, the circulation flow rate can be steplessly adjusted within the range of 5-15L / h, and the flow rate is stable; After debugging, drain the water, disinfect the entire circulation system with a 500-fold carbendazim solution for 30 minutes, rinse with water 2-3 times, and let it air dry for later use.

[0035] This cultivation method uses hydroponics as its core technology and is divided into the following stages: seedling pretreatment, transplanting, nutrient solution regulation, intelligent environmental regulation, growth management, and harvesting. Each stage strictly follows preset parameters to ensure a stable ginseng growth environment and achieve large-scale, standardized cultivation.

[0036] The core of ginseng seedling pretreatment is to remove diseased and damaged tissues, kill pathogens, and ensure the seedlings' viability, laying the foundation for subsequent growth. The specific procedures are as follows: Selection of ginseng seedlings: Select healthy, disease-free, and root-complete one-year-old ginseng seedlings with a height of 8-12cm and a taproot diameter of 0.5-0.8cm. Remove seedlings with yellowing leaves, rotten roots, or mechanical damage. Cleaning: Place the selected ginseng seedlings in clean water and gently rinse the soil around the roots. Avoid rubbing too hard to avoid damaging the roots. After cleaning, drain the surface water. Disinfection: Use 0.1%-0.3% potassium permanganate solution or 500-800 times carbendazim solution for disinfection. Completely immerse the roots of the ginseng seedlings in the disinfectant solution. Control the disinfection time to 3-5 minutes. Gently stir the disinfectant solution during the disinfection process to ensure uniform disinfection. Take care to avoid contact between the disinfectant solution and the base of the ginseng seedling stem and leaves. Pruning: After disinfection, use sterile scissors to cut off diseased, rotten, and excessively long lateral roots of the ginseng seedlings, retaining the main root and healthy fibrous roots. After pruning, place the ginseng seedlings in a cool and ventilated place (temperature 18-20℃, humidity 60%-70%) to dry the surface moisture. The drying time is 1-2 hours, until there is no water accumulation on the root surface but it is still moist. Avoid direct sunlight during the drying process.

[0037] The transplanting process must ensure that the ginseng seedling roots are immersed in the nutrient solution, but the base of the stem does not come into contact with the solution to prevent stem rot. Specific steps are as follows: Planting cup preparation: Select plastic planting cups with drainage holes at the bottom. Fill the cups with sterile rock wool or coconut coir as the fixing substrate. Soak the substrate in clean water until saturated beforehand and drain off the excess water. ginseng seedling fixing: Gently insert the dried ginseng seedling roots into the substrate of the planting cup, ensuring that the main root is vertically downward and the stem base protrudes 1-2cm from the substrate surface. Gently compact the substrate to prevent the ginseng seedling from falling over. Avoid damaging the root system during the fixing process. Planting Cup Placement: Insert the planting cups containing the ginseng seedlings into the placement slots 24 of the planting board 23 of the cultivation rack 2. The distance between the bottom of the planting cup and the nutrient solution surface in the container 22 should be 0-1 cm, ensuring that the ginseng seedling roots are completely immersed in the nutrient solution after naturally drooping, and that the base of the stem is always above the nutrient solution surface. The planting density is 36-49 plants per square meter, which can be adjusted appropriately according to the growth of the ginseng seedlings. The nutrient solution is the core nutrient source for the hydroponic growth of ginseng and must be prepared strictly according to the special formula. The EC value should be controlled at 1.2-2.0 mS / cm and the pH value at 5.5-6.5 throughout the process to ensure balanced nutrition and stable physicochemical properties.

[0038] This invention uses a special hydroponic nutrient solution for ginseng, with water as the solvent. The nutrient components contained in each 1L of water are as follows: Macronutrients: Calcium nitrate 900-950mg, potassium nitrate 600-650mg, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 150-180mg, magnesium sulfate 350-400mg; Trace elements: boric acid 2.5-3.0 mg, manganese sulfate 1.0-1.5 mg, zinc sulfate 0.2-0.3 mg, copper sulfate 0.05-0.1 mg, ammonium molybdate 0.01-0.03 mg; Chelated iron: 20-25mg. Chelated iron uses EDTA sodium iron to ensure the solubility and absorption efficiency of iron in a weakly acidic environment.

[0039] Preparation must be carried out in a dedicated storage tank, following the principle of "dissolving macroelements first, then microelements, and finally adding chelated iron." Specific procedures are as follows: Add 1 / 2 volume of clean water to the storage tank, turn on the stirring device, and stir at a speed of 100-150 r / min. Add calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and magnesium sulfate in sequence. Add the next element only after each element has completely dissolved to avoid precipitation. After the macro-elements are completely dissolved, add the trace elements, following the same principle of dissolving them one by one, and stir until well mixed. Finally, add chelated iron and continue stirring for 10-15 minutes until the nutrient solution is completely clear, with no sediment or scum. Add water to the storage tank to the preset volume, stir again for 5-10 minutes to complete the preparation. The prepared nutrient solution should be used within 24 hours to avoid the loss of nutrients.

[0040] Circulation control: The nutrient solution is circulated for 8-12 hours a day through the circulation device 25, with the circulation flow rate adjusted to 5-15L / h. During the circulation process, the air supply device 26 is turned on, and the air bag 222 continuously releases air to increase the dissolved oxygen content of the nutrient solution and prevent root rot due to lack of oxygen. EC value control: A combination of online and offline detection methods is used. Online detection is achieved through real-time monitoring by EC sensor 28, with data transmitted to the central controller. Offline detection is performed at least 1-2 times daily, with samples taken from the middle of the container 22 or the outlet of the circulation pipeline, and measured using a portable EC meter. The EC meter must be calibrated with a standard solution before testing to ensure accuracy. When the EC value is too high, an appropriate amount of water is added to the nutrient solution for dilution; when the EC value is too low, concentrated nutrient solution is added to adjust it, ensuring that the EC value is stable at 1.2-2.0 mS / cm. The temperature of the nutrient solution is recorded simultaneously during testing, and a detection device with built-in temperature compensation function is used to eliminate the influence of temperature on EC value detection. pH control: Monitor the pH of the nutrient solution in real time using a pH meter. When the pH is higher than 6.5, add dilute nitric acid solution for fine adjustment; when the pH is lower than 5.5, add dilute potassium hydroxide solution for fine adjustment. Stir for 5-10 minutes after each adjustment and check again to ensure that the pH is accurately controlled between 5.5 and 6.5. Nutrient solution replacement: Replace 1 / 3 of the nutrient solution every 7 days. During replacement, slowly replenish the newly prepared nutrient solution into the container 22 through the return pipeline. The replaced nutrient solution can be reused as irrigation water after filtration and disinfection, realizing the resource utilization of water and fertilizer.

[0041] The central controller, combined with the online environmental monitoring module 5, intelligently regulates the temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, and light intensity within the smart greenhouse in real time, creating the optimal environment for ginseng growth. The regulation of each parameter follows the principle of "promoting photosynthesis during the day and protecting respiration at night." Specific parameters and operations are as follows: Temperature control: The overall temperature is maintained between 18-25℃. During the day (8:00-18:00), the temperature is adjusted to 20-25℃, and at night (18:00-8:00 the next day), it is adjusted to 18-20℃, with the day-night temperature difference controlled within 5℃. Air conditioning and heating devices are installed inside the intelligent greenhouse. When the temperature exceeds 25℃, the air conditioning is turned on to cool down; when the temperature falls below 18℃, the heating devices are turned on to raise the temperature. The temperature control accuracy is ±0.5℃. The relative humidity of the air should be controlled at 60%-80%. When the humidity is higher than 80%, turn on the exhaust fans and dehumidifiers in the greenhouse to enhance ventilation and dehumidification. When the humidity is lower than 60%, turn on the atomizing humidifier to replenish water vapor in the greenhouse. The humidity control accuracy is ±3%. Pay attention to avoiding sudden increases or decreases in humidity to prevent condensation on the leaves of ginseng seedlings from causing diseases. The CO2 concentration is controlled between 800-1200 ppm. A CO2 generator and ventilation device are installed in the greenhouse. When the CO2 concentration is below 800 ppm, the CO2 generator is turned on to supplement the CO2; when the CO2 concentration is above 1200 ppm, the ventilation device is turned on to exchange the air. The CO2 supplementation time is synchronized with the light time to improve the photosynthetic efficiency of ginseng. Light control: Artificial lighting is provided by a dimmable LED module 4, with a red-to-blue light ratio of 5:1-6:1 and light intensity controlled at 100-300 μmol / m². 2 • Provide 8-12 hours of light per day, synchronized with natural sunlight, avoiding nighttime supplemental lighting. Adjust light intensity according to the ginseng's growth stage, increasing it to 100-200 μmol / m² during the seedling stage. 2 •s, adjust the growth period to 200-300 μmol / m 2 • The central controller can automatically adjust the on and off times of the lighting according to seasonal changes to ensure stable lighting duration.

[0042] After ginseng is planted, it enters a cultivation period of 6-12 months. The core of its management during this period is plant inspection, pipeline maintenance, and pest and disease control to ensure healthy ginseng growth. Specific procedures are as follows: Plant inspection: Inspect the ginseng seedlings every day from 9 to 10 am, observe the color of the leaves and the growth status of the roots, remove yellowing and withered leaves in time, and remove ginseng seedlings with slight root rot immediately, disinfect the roots with 500 times carbendazim solution, replace the planting cup substrate and replant. Remove severely rotten ginseng seedlings in time to prevent the spread of disease. Piping maintenance: Clean the nutrient solution circulation pipeline and filter weekly, remove the filter screen, rinse off the residue with clean water, dry and reinstall; clean the EC sensor 28 and pH meter probe monthly, gently wipe the probe surface with a soft brush to remove root mucus, algae and salt crystals to ensure detection accuracy; perform maintenance on the circulation equipment 25 and gas supply equipment 26 quarterly, check the bearings and seals for damage, and replace worn parts in a timely manner. Pest and disease control: Adhering to the principle of "prevention first, integrated management", clean cultivation is implemented throughout the process. Insect-proof nets are installed in the greenhouse to prevent pests such as aphids and thrips from entering. The greenhouse environment is sprayed with 800 times diluted chlorothalonil solution for disinfection every month. The disinfection time is chosen after the evening sunlight to avoid the solution coming into contact with the ginseng seedling roots. For common diseases such as ginseng root rot and mold, low-concentration biological agents are added to the nutrient solution regularly to inhibit the reproduction of pathogens and avoid the use of high-concentration chemical pesticides to ensure the safety of ginseng medicinal materials.

[0043] When ginseng has been cultivated for 6-12 months, with a main root diameter of 1.5-2.5cm, a fresh weight of ≥50g, and the content of effective components such as ginsenosides meeting the pharmacopoeia standards, it can be harvested. Harvesting must ensure the integrity of the ginseng root system. Specific steps are as follows: Preparation before harvest: Stop the circulation of nutrient solution and gas supply 24 hours before harvest. After emptying the remaining nutrient solution in the container 22, gently rinse the roots of the ginseng seedlings with clean water to remove the residual nutrient solution and substrate on the surface. Harvesting procedure: Gently pinch the planting cup with your hand, remove the ginseng seedling and the planting cup together from the planting board 23, separate the planting cup from the substrate, gently comb the root system, avoid breaking the main root and fibrous roots, and avoid mechanical damage during the harvesting process; Post-harvest processing: Ginseng is graded immediately after harvesting, and divided into first-grade, second-grade and third-grade according to the diameter of the main root and fresh weight. Diseased, damaged and deformed individuals are removed. After grading, the ginseng is promptly washed and dried, or subjected to fresh preservation treatment before entering the subsequent processing stage.

[0044] To verify the effectiveness of the cultivation method and apparatus of the present invention, two sets of embodiments were set up for large-scale cultivation experiments. The experimental results are as follows: Example

[0045] Device parameters: The intelligent greenhouse is equipped with 2 cultivation racks, and the dimmable LED module has a red-to-blue light ratio of 5:1 and a light intensity of 200 μmol / m². 2 •s; Environmental parameters: daytime temperature 22℃, nighttime temperature 19℃, air humidity 70%, CO2 concentration 1000ppm; Nutrient solution parameters: EC=1.6mS / cm, pH=6.0, circulation flow rate 10L / h, 10h circulation per day, 1 / 3 of the nutrient solution replaced every 7 days; Cultivation results: After 10 months of cultivation, the ginseng seedlings were harvested with a survival rate of 95% and an average fresh weight of 68g per plant, which is 40% higher than that of traditional soil cultivation. The total saponin content was stable at 3.5%-4.0%, the yield per unit area was 4 times that of traditional soil cultivation, and the water and fertilizer utilization rate reached over 90%. Example

[0046] Device parameters: Dimmable LED module with a red-to-blue light ratio of 6:1 and a light intensity of 300 μmol / m². 2 •s; Environmental parameters: daytime temperature 25℃, nighttime temperature 18℃, air humidity 65%, CO2 concentration 1200ppm; Nutrient solution parameters: EC=2.0mS / cm, pH=5.5, circulation flow rate 15L / h, 12h circulation per day, 1 / 3 of the nutrient solution replaced every 7 days; Cultivation results: The ginseng seedlings were harvested after 8 months of cultivation. The survival rate of the seedlings was 93%, the average fresh weight of a single plant was 55g, and the ginsenoside content reached 3.0%-3.5%, which met the pharmacopoeia standards. The cultivation cycle was shortened by 1 / 2 compared with traditional soil cultivation, making it suitable for rapid and large-scale production of ginseng.

[0047] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for large-scale cultivation of ginseng, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1 involves pre-treating the ginseng seedlings by cleaning, disinfecting, and pruning. S2, adjust the nutrient solution EC1.2-2.0mS / cm and pH5.5-6.5, put the nutrient solution into the cultivation rack (2) placed in the intelligent greenhouse (1), and plant the treated ginseng seedlings on the cultivation rack (2) with the roots in contact with the nutrient solution; S3, the nutrient solution in the cultivation rack (2) is circulated for 8-12 hours a day, the light duration is 8-12 hours a day, 1 / 3 of the nutrient solution is replaced every 7 days, and the ginseng seedling roots are always in the nutrient solution when the nutrient solution is replaced. S4, intelligent control of the cultivation environment parameters of ginseng seedlings through intelligent greenhouse (1); S5 is harvested after 6-12 months of cultivation.

2. The method for large-scale cultivation of ginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cultivation environment parameters are: temperature 18-25℃, air humidity 60%-80%, CO2 concentration 800-1200ppm, and light intensity 100-300μmol / m². 2 ・s.

3. The method for large-scale cultivation of ginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ginseng seedling treatment method is as follows: Select healthy ginseng seedlings, rinse the soil around the roots with clean water, disinfect with 0.1%-0.3% potassium permanganate solution or 500-800 times carbendazim solution for 3-5 minutes, cut off diseased and rotten roots, and let the surface moisture dry in a cool place for later use.

4. The method for large-scale cultivation of ginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ginseng seedlings are fixed in the planting cups, which are then embedded in the cultivation rack (2) so that the roots of the ginseng seedlings are immersed in the nutrient solution without soaking the base of the stem.

5. A ginseng large-scale cultivation device, applied to the cultivation method described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The cultivation device is a cultivation rack (2), which includes a support (21). A container (22) is installed on the support (21). A detachable planting plate (23) is provided at the upper end of the container (22). A placement slot (24) for placing planting cups is provided on the planting plate (23). An air supply device (26) is installed on the support (21). An air bladder (222) connected to the air supply device (26) is provided inside the container (22). Multiple exhaust pipes (223) are installed on the air bladder (222). A solenoid valve (224) is installed on the exhaust pipes (223). When the air supply device (26) sends gas into the air bladder (222), the volume of the air bladder (222) after expansion is one-third of the volume of the nutrient solution.

6. The ginseng large-scale cultivation device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The intelligent greenhouse (1) is equipped with an installation frame (3), on which a dimmable LED module (4) and an online environmental monitoring module (5) are installed. The ratio of red to blue light in the dimmable LED module (4) is 5:1-6:1; The online environmental monitoring module (5) includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and a carbon dioxide concentration sensor.

7. A ginseng large-scale cultivation device according to claim 5, characterized in that, A drain pipe (221) is installed on the lower side of the container (22), and a control valve is installed on the drain pipe (221).

8. A ginseng large-scale cultivation device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The planting plate (23) is connected to the container (22) via multiple connectors (27). The connectors (27) include a U-shaped block (272) fixed on the outer wall of the container (22). A connecting block (271) is fixed on the planting plate (23). A limiting block (273) that can be inserted into the U-shaped block (272) is fixed at the bottom of the connecting block (271).

9. A ginseng large-scale cultivation device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bottom of the container (22) is equipped with a circulation device (25), which is connected to the container (22) through a pipe and is used to circulate the nutrient solution within the container (22).

10. A ginseng large-scale cultivation device according to claim 5, characterized in that, An EC sensor (28) and a pH meter (29) are installed on the container (22).

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