No-tillage high-low ridge cultivation method for relay intercropping of soybeans and wheat
By adopting the high-low ridge cultivation method in wheat-soybean intercropping, the problem of water competition was solved, the growth environment of soybean seedlings was improved, and the yield was increased.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-07
AI Technical Summary
In traditional wheat-soybean intercropping, the overlapping water requirements of the two crops during their coexisting period lead to fierce competition, affecting the growth of soybean seedlings and the final yield, which is difficult to alleviate effectively with existing technologies.
The no-till high-low ridge cultivation method is adopted. By configuring high ridges and low ridges in the field, wheat is planted on the high ridges and soybeans are planted on the low ridges. Combined with seed treatment, fertilization and disease control, spatial and temporal misalignment is formed to reduce root competition.
It significantly improves the growth environment of soybean seedlings, reduces the competitive inhibition effect of wheat, and increases soybean yield, which is superior to traditional intercropping methods.
Smart Images
Figure CN121795291A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of intercropping technology, specifically to a no-till, high-low ridge cultivation method for intercropping soybeans and wheat. Background Technology
[0002] Intercropping wheat and soybeans can make full use of light, heat, and land resources, increasing annual yield and economic benefits per unit area. Traditional intercropping methods typically involve sowing soybeans directly between wheat rows during the later stages of wheat growth.
[0003] However, this traditional intercropping model presents a significant technical contradiction that severely restricts the growth of soybean seedlings and their final yield. The core of this contradiction lies in the intense competition arising from the overlapping critical periods of water demand between the two crops during their co-existing growth phase.
[0004] Specifically, the period from soybean sowing to the seedling stage (approximately from emergence to the three-leaf stage) is a water-sensitive period, and sufficient soil moisture at this time is crucial for ensuring uniform and robust seedling emergence. However, this period highly overlaps with the critical period for wheat yield formation—the grain-filling stage. The wheat grain-filling stage is the core stage of grain filling, and its water demand is extremely urgent. Whether the water supply is sufficient during this period directly determines the thousand-grain weight and final yield of wheat. To meet the wheat grain-filling needs, irrigation is often required, known as "wheat yellow irrigation." However, this coincides with the germination or early growth stage of soybean seedlings, whose root systems are shallow and weak, resulting in poor absorption capacity.
[0005] In traditional intercropping and flat cultivation, the root systems of both crops are interspersed within the same tillage layer. When irrigation is provided to meet the needs of wheat, its robust root system rapidly absorbs most of the soil moisture. However, if irrigation is insufficient, wheat competes with soybean seedlings for limited water. This competition often leaves soybean seedlings under water stress, resulting in uneven emergence, weak seedlings, stunted growth, small leaf area, and slow growth. Even after wheat harvest, these suppressed seedlings struggle to quickly recover vigorous growth, leading to poor initial seedling conditions, reduced effective branching, and ultimately affecting the number of pods per plant and yield.
[0006] In addition, the well-developed wheat root system not only competes for water, but its dense root network in the soil also physically hinders the downward growth and extension of soybean young roots, while competing for available nutrients in the soil.
[0007] To address this issue, agricultural production typically employs methods such as adjusting the sowing date or increasing irrigation, but with limited effectiveness. While delaying the soybean sowing date can shorten the symbiotic period, it also compresses the soybean's growth period, affecting its normal maturity. Increasing irrigation can temporarily alleviate the problem, but it wastes water resources and may lead to waterlogging in the fields, causing diseases in soybean seedlings.
[0008] Therefore, there is a lack of existing technologies that can effectively alleviate the water competition between wheat during the grain-filling stage and soybean during the seedling stage, thereby achieving a double harvest of wheat and soybeans through intercropping. Summary of the Invention
[0009] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a no-till, high-low ridge cultivation method for intercropping soybeans and wheat, in order to solve the problems of existing intercropping techniques where the well-developed wheat root system not only competes for water, but also physically hinders the rooting and extension of soybean young roots by forming a dense root network in the soil, while also competing for available nutrients in the soil.
[0010] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A no-till, raised-ridge cultivation method for intercropping soybeans and wheat includes the following steps: Step 1, Field ridging configuration: Perform no-till or shallow rotary tillage, and then ridge in alternating units; each unit includes a high ridge and an adjacent low ridge, the surface of the high ridge being higher than the surface of the low ridge to form a height difference; the high ridge is used to plant wheat, and the low ridge is used to plant soybeans; Step 2, Wheat sowing: Wheat is sown in autumn on the raised ridges in the first area; Step 3, Sowing soybeans: Sow soybeans on the low ridges in the second area in the spring of the following year. The sowing time for soybeans is from the time wheat flowers to the early stage of grain filling. Step 4, Seed Treatment: Before sowing, soak and mix wheat seeds and soybean seeds respectively. Step 5, Fertilizer Management: Apply base fertilizer, top dressing in stages, and foliar fertilizer according to the growth stages of wheat and soybeans; Step 6, Disease Control: Implement integrated disease control during the symbiotic period of wheat and soybeans and during their respective independent growth periods.
[0011] Further specified, in step 1, the ridge surface width of the high ridge is 50-70 cm, the ridge bottom width is 70-90 cm, and the ridge height is 20-30 cm; the ridge surface width of the low ridge is 110-130 cm, and its ridge surface is 10-20 cm lower than that of the high ridge, forming the height difference; the total width of a planting unit is 180-220 cm; the cross-section of the high ridge is trapezoidal, and the shoulder angle is 100°-120°.
[0012] Further specified, in step 1, the ridge surface width of the high ridge is 60 cm, the ridge bottom width is 80 cm, and the ridge height is 25 cm; the ridge surface width of the low ridge is 120 cm, and the height difference is 15 cm; the total width of a planting unit is 200 cm.
[0013] Further specifying, in step 2, four rows of wheat are sown on the raised ridge using a row sowing method, with a row spacing of 12-18 cm and the edge row plants being 5-10 cm from the ridge edge; In step 3, three rows of soybeans are sown on the low ridge using the hole sowing method, with a row spacing of 30-35 cm and a hole spacing of 10-15 cm. 2-3 soybeans are sown in each hole, and the sowing depth is 3-4 cm.
[0014] Furthermore, the distance between the soybean planting row and the edge of the low ridge in step 3 is 25-30 cm to ensure that the soybean seedlings can receive sufficient lateral light.
[0015] Further specifying, the seed treatment described in step 4 specifically includes: Wheat seed treatment: Use a ternary compound seed dressing agent containing fludioxonil, difenoconazole and thiamethoxam, mix the seeds with the agent at a ratio of 1:40-50, dry them and then sow them. This is used to prevent root rot, loose smut and underground pests. Soybean seed treatment: Soak the seeds for 6-8 hours in a mixture of 0.05%-0.1% ammonium molybdate solution and 50 mg / kg gibberellin solution. After soaking, drain the water and then treat the seeds with a rhizobium agent. Use 5-8 grams of rhizobium agent per kilogram of seeds. After drying in the shade, the seeds are ready for sowing.
[0016] Further specifying, the fertilizer management described in step 5 specifically includes: Base fertilizer application: Before ridging, evenly spread 2000-3000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure or 300-500 kg of commercial organic fertilizer per mu, and apply 40-50 kg of N-P2O5-K2O=15-15-15, 1-2 kg of zinc sulfate, and 0.5-1 kg of borax as base fertilizer. Staged topdressing: a. Topdressing wheat: During the wheat greening stage, apply 10-15 kg of urea per mu in strips on the raised ridges; during the wheat heading stage, apply 5-8 kg of urea per mu in combination with irrigation or rainfall. b. Topdressing of soybeans: After wheat harvest and during the initial flowering stage of soybeans, apply 15-20 kg of high phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=10-25-15) per mu by opening holes on the low ridges. Foliar fertilizer application: During the pod-filling stage of soybeans, spray the leaves with a mixed solution of 0.2% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.05% to 0.1% boric acid, at a rate of 40-50 liters per acre, once every 7-10 days, for a total of 2 applications.
[0017] Further specifying, step 5 also includes introducing the irrigation water into the furrows of the low ridges during the wheat grain-filling stage in conjunction with the application of "wheat yellow water" for irrigation, so that the water is preferentially supplied to the soybean seedlings through lateral seepage, and then moistens the soil of the high ridges.
[0018] Further specifying, the disease prevention and control described in step 6 specifically includes: Control during the symbiotic period: When controlling Fusarium head blight during the wheat grain-filling stage, use cyazofamid or prothioconazole; when controlling powdery mildew, use azoxystrobin or pyraclostrobin. Use spraying equipment with protective covers for directional spraying and strictly control pesticide drift. Soybean growth period prevention and control: For soybean root rot, after rain or irrigation, drench the roots with a 1000-fold dilution of 30% hymexazol aqueous solution or an 800-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, applying 100-150 ml of the solution per plant; for soybean downy mildew, spray with a 600-fold dilution of 80% mancozeb wettable powder at the initial stage of the disease; for soybean gray spot, spray with a 700-fold dilution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder. Ecological regulation: After wheat harvest, crushed wheat straw is evenly covered on the raised ridges and ridge slopes to suppress weed growth and regulate field humidity.
[0019] Furthermore, the sowing time of soybeans in step 3 is based on the local soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm being consistently above 12°C for 3 consecutive days, and it is ensured that the soybean seedlings are no more than three compound leaves when the wheat is harvested, so as to minimize the damage to soybean seedlings caused by wheat harvesting.
[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This no-till, high-low ridge cultivation method for intercropping soybeans and wheat, through a comprehensive technical solution of spatial staggering (high and low ridges), temporal staggering, and physical barriers, can significantly improve the growth environment of soybean seedlings in the intercropping system, reduce the competitive inhibition effect of the preceding wheat crop, lay a solid foundation for high soybean yield, and has a significantly better effect than traditional intercropping methods.
[0021] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description
[0022] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the process architecture of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.
[0024] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.
[0025] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
[0026] In the above description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "one side," "the other side," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the invention is conventionally placed during use. These terms are used only for the convenience of describing the present invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0027] Furthermore, terms such as "identical" do not imply that components must be absolutely identical; minor differences are permissible. The term "perpendicular" simply means that the positional relationship between components is more perpendicular than "parallel," not that the structure must be perfectly perpendicular; a slight tilt is acceptable.
[0028] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a technical solution: a no-till, high-low ridge cultivation method for intercropping soybeans and wheat, comprising the following steps: Step 1, Field ridging configuration: Perform no-till or shallow rotary tillage, and then ridge in alternating units; each unit includes a high ridge and an adjacent low ridge, the surface of the high ridge being higher than the surface of the low ridge to form a height difference; the high ridge is used to plant wheat, and the low ridge is used to plant soybeans; Step 2, Wheat sowing: Wheat is sown in autumn on the raised ridges in the first area; Step 3, Sowing soybeans: Sow soybeans on the low ridges in the second area in the spring of the following year. The sowing time for soybeans is from the time wheat flowers to the early stage of grain filling. Step 4, Seed Treatment: Before sowing, soak and mix wheat seeds and soybean seeds respectively. Step 5, Fertilizer Management: Apply base fertilizer, top dressing in stages, and foliar fertilizer according to the growth stages of wheat and soybeans; Step 6, Disease Control: Implement integrated disease control during the symbiotic period of wheat and soybeans and during their respective independent growth periods.
[0029] In step 1, the ridge surface width of the high ridge is 50-70 cm, the ridge bottom width is 70-90 cm, and the ridge height is 20-30 cm; the ridge surface width of the low ridge is 110-130 cm, and its ridge surface is 10-20 cm lower than that of the high ridge, forming the height difference; the total width of a planting unit is 180-220 cm; the cross-section of the high ridge is trapezoidal, and the shoulder angle is 100°-120°.
[0030] In step 1, the ridge surface width of the high ridge is 60 cm, the ridge bottom width is 80 cm, and the ridge height is 25 cm; the ridge surface width of the low ridge is 120 cm, and the height difference is 15 cm; the total width of a planting unit is 200 cm.
[0031] In step 2, four rows of wheat are sown on the raised ridge using a row sowing method, with a row spacing of 12-18 cm and the plants in the edge rows being 5-10 cm from the edge of the ridge. In step 3, three rows of soybeans are sown on the low ridge using the hole sowing method, with a row spacing of 30-35 cm and a hole spacing of 10-15 cm. 2-3 soybeans are sown in each hole, and the sowing depth is 3-4 cm.
[0032] In step 3, the distance between the soybean planting row and the edge of the low ridge is 25-30 cm to ensure that the soybean seedlings can receive sufficient lateral light.
[0033] The seed treatment described in step 4 specifically includes: Wheat seed treatment: Use a ternary compound seed dressing agent containing fludioxonil, difenoconazole and thiamethoxam, mix the seeds with the agent at a ratio of 1:40-50, dry them and then sow them. This is used to prevent root rot, loose smut and underground pests. Soybean seed treatment: Soak the seeds for 6-8 hours in a mixture of 0.05%-0.1% ammonium molybdate solution and 50 mg / kg gibberellin solution. After soaking, drain the water and then treat the seeds with a rhizobium agent. Use 5-8 grams of rhizobium agent per kilogram of seeds. After drying in the shade, the seeds are ready for sowing.
[0034] The fertilization management described in step 5 specifically includes: application of base fertilizer: Before ridging, evenly spread 2000-3000 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure or 300-500 kg of commercial organic fertilizer per acre, and apply 40-50 kg of NPK compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=15-15-15), 1-2 kg of zinc sulfate, and 0.5-1 kg of borax as base fertilizer; Staged topdressing: a. Topdressing wheat: During the wheat greening stage, apply 10-15 kg of urea per mu in strips on the raised ridges; during the wheat heading stage, apply 5-8 kg of urea per mu in combination with irrigation or rainfall. b. Topdressing of soybeans: After wheat harvest and during the initial flowering stage of soybeans, apply 15-20 kg of high phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=10-25-15) per mu by opening holes on the low ridges. Foliar fertilizer application: During the pod-filling stage of soybeans, spray the leaves with a mixed solution of 0.2% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.05% to 0.1% boric acid, at a rate of 40-50 liters per acre, once every 7-10 days, for a total of 2 applications.
[0035] Step 5 also includes introducing the irrigation water into the furrows of the low ridges during the wheat grain-filling stage in conjunction with the application of "wheat yellow water" for irrigation, so that the water is preferentially supplied to the soybean seedlings through lateral seepage, and then moistens the soil of the high ridges.
[0036] The disease prevention and control measures described in step 6 specifically include: Control during the symbiotic period: When controlling Fusarium head blight during the wheat grain-filling stage, use cyazofamid or prothioconazole; when controlling powdery mildew, use azoxystrobin or pyraclostrobin. Use spraying equipment with protective covers for directional spraying and strictly control pesticide drift. Soybean growth period prevention and control: For soybean root rot, after rain or irrigation, drench the roots with a 1000-fold dilution of 30% hymexazol aqueous solution or an 800-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, applying 100-150 ml of the solution per plant; for soybean downy mildew, spray with a 600-fold dilution of 80% mancozeb wettable powder at the initial stage of the disease; for soybean gray spot, spray with a 700-fold dilution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder. Ecological regulation: After wheat harvest, crushed wheat straw is evenly covered on the raised ridges and ridge slopes to suppress weed growth and regulate field humidity.
[0037] The sowing time for soybeans mentioned in step 3 is based on the local soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm being consistently above 12℃ for 3 consecutive days, and ensuring that the soybean seedlings are no more than three compound leaves when the wheat is harvested, so as to minimize the damage to soybean seedlings caused by wheat harvesting.
[0038] experiment Four experimental plots with similar geological conditions were selected in the same area, and planting was carried out simultaneously in the four experimental plots, including: Example 1 The planting method described above shall be followed, specifically as follows: Land preparation and ridging (early October of the previous year) When using a ridging machine for high and low ridge operations, the ridging specifications are as follows: Total unit width: 200 cm; High ridges: The ridge surface is 60 cm wide, the ridge bottom is 80 cm wide, the ridge height is 25 cm (measured from the bottom of the furrow), the cross-section is trapezoidal, and the ridge shoulder angle is about 110°; Low ridge: The ridge surface is 120 cm wide, and its surface is 15 cm lower than that of the high ridge. Wheat sowing and base fertilizer (mid-October): Sow four rows of wheat on raised ridges using a row seeder, with a row spacing of 15 cm and a side row distance of 7.5 cm from the ridge edge. Sow at a depth of 3-4 cm. During land preparation, evenly apply 2500 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure, 45 kg of NPK compound fertilizer (15-15-15), 1.5 kg of zinc sulfate, and 0.8 kg of borax per acre as base fertilizer. Seed treatment: Wheat seeds: Treat seeds with a seed dressing agent containing fludioxonil, difenoconazole, and thiamethoxam at a ratio of 1:45. Soybean seeds: Before sowing, soak the seeds in a mixture of 0.05% ammonium molybdate and 50 mg / kg gibberellin for 7 hours. After draining, mix the seeds with rhizobium agent at a ratio of 7 grams per kilogram of seeds, and then air dry them before sowing. Soybean sowing (April 28th of the following year): At this time, the wheat is in the late flowering stage, and the soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm is stable at 14℃. Sow 3 rows of soybeans on the low ridges using a hill-planter, with a row spacing of 30 cm and a hill spacing of 15 cm. The row spacing is 30 cm from the edge of the low ridge, and 3 seeds are sown in each hill at a depth of 3 cm. Field management: Water management: If drought occurs during the grain-filling stage of wheat, furrow irrigation will be carried out on May 15th to introduce water into the low furrows and allow the water to seep in laterally. top dressing: During the wheat's greening-up stage (early March), apply 12 kg / mu of urea as a top dressing on high ridges; After wheat harvest and during the initial flowering stage of soybeans (late June), apply 18 kg / mu of high phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (10-25-15) in holes on low ridges; During the soybean pod-setting stage (late July), spray the leaves once with a mixture of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.05% boric acid. Disease prevention and control: Cyazofamid was used to control Fusarium head blight during the wheat flowering stage, using targeted spraying. During the soybean growing season, close monitoring was conducted, and no serious diseases occurred. Wheat harvesting and straw treatment: Wheat was harvested on June 5 using a combine harvester, with a stubble height of ≤15 cm. The straw was crushed and then evenly covered on the raised ridges and slopes.
[0039] Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that, in order to further enhance the physical barrier against the lateral penetration of wheat roots, the slopes on both sides of the high ridges (i.e., the shoulders of the ridges near the low ridges) are compacted after ridging. This forms a more compact physical barrier, while the soil at the top of the high ridges and the bottom of the furrows in the low ridges remains loose. The remaining steps are exactly the same as in Example 1.
[0040] Comparative Example 1 Without ridging, wheat is sown in rows on a 150 cm wide strip (row spacing as in Example 1) with a 200 cm wide planting zone, leaving a 50 cm wide blank strip. At the same time as in Example 1, two rows of soybeans are sown on the blank strip with a 40 cm row spacing. Fertilization, irrigation, and other management methods are carried out uniformly across the entire field, making zoned management impossible.
[0041] Comparative Example 2 Ridging was carried out, but the ridges were of uniform height with no difference in elevation. The ridges were 50 cm wide and 25 cm high, with a 30 cm wide furrow between each ridge. Wheat and soybeans were planted alternately. The sowing time, density, and subsequent field management were the same as in Example 1.
[0042] Comparison Results and Analysis On the day of wheat harvest (June 5th), 30 soybean seedlings were randomly selected from each treatment area, and their growth indicators were measured. The average value of the results was taken. The results are shown in the table below: Results analysis: Example 1 vs. Comparative Example 1 (Non-ridged): The soybean seedlings in Example 1 showed significantly better performance in all indicators compared to Comparative Example 1. This fully demonstrates that the high-low ridge structure can effectively alleviate the competitive pressure from wheat on soybean seedlings in terms of water, light, and fertilizer. In Comparative Example 1, the soybean and wheat root systems were completely intertwined, leading to intense competition and resulting in weak soybean seedlings and a low survival rate.
[0043] Example 1 vs. Comparative Example 2 (equal ridge height): The soybean growth in Example 1 was also significantly better than in Comparative Example 2. This indicates that the presence of a height difference is crucial. The height difference further enhances the physical isolation effect, potentially more effectively blocking the downward and lateral extension of wheat roots, and creating a relatively better microenvironment (such as light and drainage) for soybeans.
[0044] Example 2 vs. Example 1: The indicators of Example 2 are slightly better than those of Example 1, especially in root length and biomass. This indicates that compaction treatment on the ridge side slopes does indeed produce additional positive effects, further inhibiting the lateral growth of wheat roots and providing better space for soybean root development.
[0045] After the soybeans matured, each treatment area was harvested and the yield was calculated separately. Thirty plants were randomly selected for testing, and the yield per plant was measured. The average value of the results was taken. The results are shown in the table below: It is evident that both Example 1 and Example 2 show an increase in yield per plant compared to Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. Yield per plant is related to the growth of soybean seedlings. This technical solution can improve the growth conditions of soybean seedlings, resulting in better growth and development of soybean seedlings and increasing soybean yield.
[0046] In conclusion, the "no-till high and low ridge cultivation method" provided by this invention, especially the comprehensive technical solution that combines spatial misalignment (high and low ridges), temporal misalignment and physical barriers, can significantly improve the growth environment of soybean seedlings in the intercropping system, reduce the competitive inhibition effect of the preceding wheat crop, lay a solid foundation for high soybean yield, and the effect is significantly better than the traditional intercropping method.
[0047] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A no-till, raised-ridge cultivation method for intercropping soybeans and wheat, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1, Field ridging configuration: Perform no-till or shallow rotary tillage, and then ridge in alternating units; each unit includes a high ridge and an adjacent low ridge, the surface of the high ridge being higher than the surface of the low ridge to form a height difference; the high ridge is used to plant wheat, and the low ridge is used to plant soybeans; Step 2, Wheat sowing: Wheat is sown in autumn on the raised ridges in the first area; Step 3, Sowing soybeans: Sow soybeans on the low ridges in the second area in the spring of the following year. The sowing time for soybeans is from the time wheat flowers to the early stage of grain filling. Step 4, Seed Treatment: Before sowing, soak and mix wheat seeds and soybean seeds respectively. Step 5, Fertilizer Management: Apply base fertilizer, top dressing in stages, and foliar fertilizer according to the growth stages of wheat and soybeans; Step 6, Disease Control: Implement integrated disease control during the symbiotic period of wheat and soybeans and during their respective independent growth periods.
2. The no-till, raised-ridge cultivation method for intercropping soybeans and wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the ridge surface width of the high ridge is 50-70 cm, the ridge bottom width is 70-90 cm, and the ridge height is 20-30 cm; the ridge surface width of the low ridge is 110-130 cm, and its ridge surface is 10-20 cm lower than that of the high ridge, forming the height difference; the total width of a planting unit is 180-220 cm; the cross-section of the high ridge is trapezoidal, and the shoulder angle is 100°-120°.
3. The no-till, raised-ridge cultivation method for intercropping soybeans and wheat according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 1, the ridge surface width of the high ridge is 60 cm, the ridge bottom width is 80 cm, and the ridge height is 25 cm; the ridge surface width of the low ridge is 120 cm, and the height difference is 15 cm; the total width of a planting unit is 200 cm.
4. The no-till, raised-ridge cultivation method for intercropping soybeans and wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, four rows of wheat are sown on the raised ridge using a row sowing method, with a row spacing of 12-18 cm and the edge row plants 5-10 cm from the ridge edge; In step 3, three rows of soybeans are sown on the low ridge using the hole sowing method, with a row spacing of 30-35 cm and a hole spacing of 10-15 cm. 2-3 soybeans are sown in each hole, and the sowing depth is 3-4 cm.
5. The no-till, raised-ridge cultivation method for intercropping soybeans and wheat according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 3, the distance between the soybean planting row and the edge of the low ridge is 25-30 cm to ensure that the soybean seedlings can receive sufficient lateral light.
6. The no-till, raised-ridge cultivation method for intercropping soybeans and wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed treatment described in step 4 specifically includes: Wheat seed treatment: Use a ternary compound seed dressing agent containing fludioxonil, difenoconazole and thiamethoxam, mix the seeds with the agent at a ratio of 1:40-50, dry them and then sow them. This is used to prevent root rot, loose smut and underground pests. Soybean seed treatment: Soak the seeds for 6-8 hours in a mixture of 0.05%-0.1% ammonium molybdate solution and 50 mg / kg gibberellin solution. After soaking, drain the water and then treat the seeds with a rhizobium agent. Use 5-8 grams of rhizobium agent per kilogram of seeds. After drying in the shade, the seeds are ready for sowing.
7. The no-till, raised-ridge cultivation method for intercropping soybeans and wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 5, the fertilization management mentioned above, specifically includes: Base fertilizer application: Before ridging, evenly spread 2000-3000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure or 300-500 kg of commercial organic fertilizer per mu, and apply 40-50 kg of N-P2O5-K2O=15-15-15, 1-2 kg of zinc sulfate, and 0.5-1 kg of borax as base fertilizer. Staged topdressing: a. Topdressing wheat: During the wheat greening stage, apply 10-15 kg of urea per mu in strips on the raised ridges; during the wheat heading stage, apply 5-8 kg of urea per mu in combination with irrigation or rainfall. b. Topdressing of soybeans: After wheat harvest and during the initial flowering stage of soybeans, apply 15-20 kg of high phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=10-25-15) per mu by opening holes on the low ridges. Foliar fertilizer application: During the pod-filling stage of soybeans, spray the leaves with a mixed solution of 0.2% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.05% to 0.1% boric acid, at a rate of 40-50 liters per acre, once every 7-10 days, for a total of 2 applications.
8. The no-till, raised-ridge cultivation method for intercropping soybeans and wheat according to claim 7, characterized in that: Step 5 also includes introducing the irrigation water into the furrows of the low ridges during the wheat grain-filling stage in conjunction with the application of "wheat yellow water" for irrigation, so that the water is preferentially supplied to the soybean seedlings through lateral seepage, and then moistens the soil of the high ridges.
9. The no-till, raised-ridge cultivation method for intercropping soybeans and wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The disease prevention and control measures described in step 6 specifically include: Control during the symbiotic period: When controlling Fusarium head blight during the wheat grain-filling stage, use cyazofamid or prothioconazole; when controlling powdery mildew, use azoxystrobin or pyraclostrobin. Use spraying equipment with protective covers for directional spraying and strictly control pesticide drift. Soybean growth period prevention and control: For soybean root rot, after rain or irrigation, drench the roots with a 1000-fold dilution of 30% hymexazol aqueous solution or an 800-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, applying 100-150 ml of the solution per plant; for soybean downy mildew, spray with a 600-fold dilution of 80% mancozeb wettable powder at the initial stage of the disease; for soybean gray spot, spray with a 700-fold dilution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder. Ecological regulation: After wheat harvest, crushed wheat straw is evenly covered on the raised ridges and ridge slopes to suppress weed growth and regulate field humidity.
10. The no-till, raised-ridge cultivation method for intercropping soybeans and wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing time for soybeans mentioned in step 3 is based on the local soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm being consistently above 12℃ for 3 consecutive days, and ensuring that the soybean seedlings are no more than three compound leaves when the wheat is harvested, so as to minimize the damage to soybean seedlings caused by wheat harvesting.