Sludge storage vertical shaft for water diversion of silt-laden river

Abstract

The invention discloses a mud storage vertical shaft for diversion of silt-laden rivers, which comprises a vertical shaft body, a drainage hole is arranged on the vertical shaft body, a reinforcing mesh is arranged in the drainage hole, the tail end of the reinforcing mesh is arranged in a concrete structure of the vertical shaft body, the reinforcing mesh and the outer surface of the vertical shaft body are arranged at an interval, and filter cloth is arranged on the outer side of the reinforcing mesh. The edge of the filter cloth is folded outwards along the inner wall of the water drainage hole to form a folded edge, and the folded edge is connected with the inner wall of the water drainage hole through a fastening assembly; the fastening assembly comprises an inner side flexible clamping plate arranged between the folded edge and the inner wall of the water drainage hole, an outer side flexible clamping plate arranged on the other side of the folded edge and opposite to the inner side flexible clamping plate, and a hard clamping plate arranged on the outer side of the outer side flexible clamping plate. The hard clamping plate, the outer side flexible clamping plate, the folded edge and the inner side flexible clamping plate are fixed to the inner wall of the water drainage hole through bolts and fastening nuts. The device has an efficient and lasting silt treatment effect, and integrates the structural reliability, the construction economy and the operation and maintenance convenience.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy engineering technology, and in particular to a vertical shaft for a sediment storage reservoir used for water diversion in rivers with high sediment content. Background Technology

[0002] In some areas of northern my country, the arid climate and highly permeable soil make it difficult to form stable surface runoff, leading to widespread water shortages that severely restrict economic development. To address this situation, numerous water diversion projects have been planned and implemented. However, according to relevant regulations, the high sediment content in the diverted water cannot be directly discharged back into rivers; treatment measures are necessary to properly dispose of the sediment. A common practice is to construct sediment storage ponds, continuously discharging muddy water into the ponds for sediment deposition, and periodically clearing and reclaiming land. These projects require supporting drainage facilities. Vertical well drainage systems are widely used due to their low terrain requirements, simple construction, and suitability for filtration and sedimentation under continuous water supply conditions.

[0003] The aforementioned drainage shafts, by having water outlets layered on their walls, introduce clean water from the reservoir into the bottom culvert and discharge it downstream, thus achieving the function of "drainage and sand filtration," trapping silt within the reservoir. The water outlets on the shaft walls mainly take the following two forms: the first type, such as... Figure 1 As shown, a gate platform 2' is formed by the bottom of the drain hole 1' protruding outwards. A gate 3' is installed on the gate platform 2'. The gate 3' opens during drainage and closes layer by layer as the elevation of silt and sediment increases. This vertical shaft has the advantage of convenient operation, but it has the disadvantages of complex structure, high construction difficulty, and large project investment. At the same time, since there is no other reverse filtration facility at the drain hole 1', silt and sediment will still enter the drainage shaft with the water flow. Long-term use will cause the drain hole 1' to become clogged, thus preventing the gate 3' from closing. The second method involves installing a drain hole 1' on the wall of the drainage shaft. During normal operation, drain hole 1' remains open. When silt accumulates to the corresponding elevation of drain hole 1', a multi-layered filter structure is constructed outside the hole, consisting of a filter cloth 4', a grid retaining stone 5', and a coarse sand sealing layer 6'. This multi-layered filter structure achieves structural stability through the accumulation and compression of silt. However, because the filter material at the hole needs to be constructed layer by layer as the silt accumulates within the reservoir, and the construction is phased with the drainage shaft, the quality of the multi-layered filter material is difficult to guarantee due to water flow disturbance within the reservoir, resulting in unstable filtration performance. Furthermore, this type of filter structure cannot be reused, limiting its applicability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a simple, easy-to-construct, and reusable vertical shaft for diverting sediment from rivers with high sediment loads. Specifically, the following technical solution can be adopted: The present invention relates to a sediment storage shaft for diverting water from rivers with high sediment loads, comprising a shaft body with a drain hole. A reinforcing mesh is installed inside the drain hole, with the ends of the mesh embedded within the concrete structure of the shaft body. The mesh is spaced apart from the outer surface of the shaft body. A filter cloth is installed on the outer side of the mesh, with its edge folded outwards along the inner wall of the drain hole to form a folded edge. The folded edge is connected to the inner wall of the drain hole via a fastening assembly. The fastening assembly includes an inner flexible clamping plate positioned between the folded edge and the inner wall of the drain hole, an outer flexible clamping plate positioned on the other side of the folded edge opposite to the inner flexible clamping plate, and a rigid clamping plate positioned outside the outer flexible clamping plate. The rigid clamping plate, the outer flexible clamping plate, the folded edge, and the inner flexible clamping plate are fixed to the inner wall of the drain hole by bolts and fastening nuts.

[0005] Preferably, the drain holes are circular or rectangular, and multiple sets are arranged along the axial direction of the shaft body. Each set has an equal number of drain holes, and the drain holes in the same set are evenly distributed along the circumference of the shaft body. The drain holes in adjacent sets are staggered.

[0006] Preferably, the steel mesh is made of HRB400 grade steel bars with a diameter of 6mm to 20mm, which are welded in a crisscross pattern, and the spacing between adjacent steel bars in the same direction is 20 to 50mm.

[0007] Preferably, the surface of the steel mesh is provided with an anti-rust coating.

[0008] Preferably, the filter cloth is provided with multiple layers, which are made of long-filament spunbond needle-punched nonwoven geotextile and / or short-fiber needle-punched nonwoven geotextile.

[0009] Preferably, both the inner and outer flexible clamps are made of rubber, while the rigid clamps are made of steel.

[0010] Preferably, the rigid clamping plate, the outer flexible clamping plate, and the inner flexible clamping plate are all annular plates adapted to the shape of the drain hole, and the bolts are evenly spaced along the circumferential direction of the drain hole.

[0011] Preferably, the bolt is a galvanized expansion bolt, and the fastening nut is a galvanized nut.

[0012] Compared with existing technologies, this invention has a highly efficient and long-lasting effect on sediment treatment, and it takes into account structural reliability, construction economy, and ease of operation and maintenance. Specific advantages are as follows: 1) Simple structure, convenient construction and low cost: This structure does not require a complex gate system. Only the steel mesh and filter cloth are installed at the same time when the vertical shaft is poured, which realizes the construction of the vertical shaft in one go, significantly reducing the construction difficulty and project investment.

[0013] 2) Effectively solves the problem of siltation, and the reverse filtration effect is stable and reliable: The combination of steel mesh and filter cloth prevents silt from entering the hole directly and prevents the drain hole from clogging; the steel mesh provides effective support for the outer filter cloth and prevents the filter cloth from being torn under the action of water flow; the filter cloth is firmly fixed to the hole wall by folding, clamping and bolts to form a stable reverse filtration layer, which can effectively intercept silt, ensure clear drainage and reduce impurities entering the vertical shaft.

[0014] 3) High adaptability and reusability: This structure does not rely on external layer-by-layer construction of the filter backfill and is not affected by water flow disturbance within the reservoir, ensuring the quality of the filter backfill. After dredging of the reservoir area, the structure of the discharge hole can still remain intact and can be reused. It has a wide range of applications, especially suitable for drainage shafts of silt storage ponds, tailings ponds, etc. in water diversion projects for rivers with high sediment content.

[0015] 4) Simple operation and maintenance: It eliminates the complicated process of traditional gate operation or on-site layered external filter body. The mud and sand are naturally accumulated and compacted in front of the hole, and there is no need for frequent operation in daily life. The maintenance workload is small and the filter cloth replacement is also relatively convenient. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of an existing vertical shaft (with a gate installed at the water outlet). Figure 1 .

[0017] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Cross-sectional view.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of an existing vertical shaft (with a filter structure constructed layer by layer for the drain holes). Figure 2 .

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Cross-sectional view.

[0021] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the longitudinal section of the central drain hole.

[0022] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Enlarged view of part A in the image. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation methods and specific construction processes are given. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0024] like Figure 4-7As shown, the silt storage shaft for diverting water from rivers with high sediment loads, as described in this invention, includes a shaft body 1, with drainage holes 2 provided on the shaft wall. The drainage holes 2 are circular or rectangular in structure, and multiple sets are arranged along the axial direction (i.e., vertically) of the shaft body 1. Each set has an equal number of drainage holes 2 (four in each embodiment). Drainage holes 2 within the same set are evenly distributed along the circumference of the shaft body 1, and drainage holes 2 in adjacent sets are staggered (i.e., arranged in a quincunx pattern).

[0025] Each drain hole 2 is equipped with a reinforcing mesh 3. The reinforcing mesh 3 is constructed from HRB400 grade steel bars with a diameter of 6mm to 20mm, welded in a crisscross pattern. After welding, the surface of the reinforcing mesh 3 is galvanized or sprayed with an epoxy resin coating or other anti-rust coating. Typically, the reinforcing bars in the same direction are evenly distributed, with the spacing between the transverse and longitudinal reinforcing bars set at 20-50mm. During the pouring of the shaft body 1, the ends of the longitudinal and transverse reinforcing bars of the reinforcing mesh 3 are pre-embedded in the concrete formwork, with sufficient anchorage length. Therefore, the reinforcing mesh 3 is installed simultaneously with the concrete forming of the drain hole 2.

[0026] The aforementioned steel mesh 3 is spaced apart from the outer surface of the shaft body 1, that is, it is located near the outer surface of the shaft wall but inside the drain hole 2. This arrangement of the steel mesh 3 facilitates the installation of the filter cloth 4 on its outer side.

[0027] The filter cloth 4 has multiple layers, preferably made of long-filament spunbond needle-punched nonwoven geotextile and / or short-fiber needle-punched nonwoven geotextile, but other reverse filter cloth materials can also be used. The edge of the filter cloth 4 is folded outward along the inner wall of the drain hole 2 to form a folded edge 41, and the folded edge 41 is connected to the inner wall of the drain hole 2 by a fastening assembly.

[0028] The aforementioned fastening assembly includes an inner flexible clamping plate 51 disposed between the folded edge 41 and the inner wall of the drain hole 2, an outer flexible clamping plate 52 disposed on the other side of the folded edge 41 opposite to the inner flexible clamping plate 51, and a rigid clamping plate 53 disposed outside the outer flexible clamping plate 52. The rigid clamping plate 53, the outer flexible clamping plate 52, the folded edge 41, and the inner flexible clamping plate 51 are fixed to the inner wall of the drain hole 2 by bolts 54 and fastening nuts 55. The inner flexible clamping plate 41 and the outer flexible clamping plate 52 are made of rubber, and the rigid clamping plate 53 is made of steel, thereby preventing wear on the filter cloth 4 while providing sufficient holding force. Preferably, the rigid clamping plate 53, the outer flexible clamping plate 52, and the inner flexible clamping plate 51 are all annular plates adapted to the shape of the drain hole 2, and the bolts 54 are evenly spaced along the circumferential direction of the drain hole 2. Typically, the bolts 54 are galvanized expansion bolts, and the fastening nuts 55 are galvanized nuts.

[0029] In this invention, during the reverse filtration process, no manual operation is required during the siltation of the reservoir. When the silt accumulates to the elevation of a certain discharge hole 2, the water in the silt can pass through the filter cloth 4 into the drainage shaft 1 and then be discharged downstream. At the same time, the silt and other solid substances in the silt cannot pass through the filter cloth 4 and remain at the opening of the discharge hole 2, forming an accumulation. As the silt continues to accumulate, the water level submerges the discharge hole 2 of that layer and rises to the discharge hole 2 of the layer above, continuing the silt-water separation. Due to the filtration effect of the filter cloth 4 and the supporting effect of the steel mesh 3, the silt on the outside cannot enter the shaft, ensuring unobstructed water flow within the shaft.

[0030] When silt accumulates to the top elevation of drainage shaft 1, if it is not dredged, the silt in front of the shaft will be compressed and compacted, forming a permanent structure. If dredging and reuse are considered, drainage shaft 1 and outlet hole 2 should be dredged after the reservoir is full. At the same time, filter cloth 4 can be removed, cleaned, or replaced to prepare for the next round of filtration.

[0031] The drain hole 2 of the present invention has a simple structure. When blockage occurs or maintenance is required, only the filter cloth 4 needs to be cleaned or replaced. The drain hole 2 reverse filtration structure is simple to construct, cost-effective, and easy to use.

[0032] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, terms such as "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer" indicating orientation or positional relationships are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

Claims

1. A vertical shaft for a sediment-filled reservoir used for water diversion from rivers with high sediment loads, characterized in that: The device includes a vertical shaft body with a drain hole. A reinforcing mesh is installed inside the drain hole, with the ends of the mesh embedded within the concrete structure of the shaft body. The mesh is spaced apart from the outer surface of the shaft body, and a filter cloth is installed on the outer side of the mesh. The edge of the filter cloth is folded outward along the inner wall of the drain hole to form a folded edge. The folded edge is connected to the inner wall of the drain hole by a fastening assembly. The fastening assembly includes an inner flexible clamping plate between the folded edge and the inner wall of the drain hole, an outer flexible clamping plate on the other side of the folded edge opposite to the inner flexible clamping plate, and a rigid clamping plate on the outer side of the outer flexible clamping plate. The rigid clamping plate, the outer flexible clamping plate, the folded edge, and the inner flexible clamping plate are fixed to the inner wall of the drain hole by bolts and fastening nuts.

2. The vertical shaft for a sediment-filled reservoir for water diversion from rivers with high sediment loads as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The drain holes are circular or rectangular, and multiple sets are arranged along the axial direction of the shaft body. Each set has an equal number of drain holes, and the drain holes in the same set are evenly distributed along the circumference of the shaft body. The drain holes in adjacent sets are staggered.

3. The vertical shaft for a sediment-filled reservoir for water diversion from rivers with high sediment loads as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The steel mesh is made of HRB400 grade steel bars with a diameter of 6mm to 20mm, which are welded in a crisscross pattern, and the spacing between adjacent steel bars in the same direction is 20 to 50mm.

4. The vertical shaft for a sediment-filled reservoir for water diversion from rivers with high sediment loads as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the steel mesh is coated with an anti-rust coating.

5. The vertical shaft for a sediment-filled reservoir for water diversion from rivers with high sediment loads as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The filter cloth has multiple layers and is made of long-filament spunbond needle-punched nonwoven geotextile or / and short-fiber needle-punched nonwoven geotextile.

6. The vertical shaft for a sediment-filled reservoir for water diversion from rivers with high sediment loads as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Both the inner and outer flexible clamping plates are made of rubber, while the rigid clamping plate is made of steel.

7. The vertical shaft for a sediment-filled reservoir for water diversion from rivers with high sediment loads as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The rigid clamping plate, the outer flexible clamping plate, and the inner flexible clamping plate are all annular plates adapted to the shape of the drain hole, and the bolts are evenly spaced along the circumferential direction of the drain hole.

8. The vertical shaft for a sediment-filled reservoir for water diversion from rivers with high sediment loads as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The bolts are galvanized expansion bolts, and the fastening nuts are galvanized nuts.

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