Vertical magnetic suspension air blower based on target disc type magnetism gathering structure

Abstract

The invention relates to a vertical magnetic suspension air blower based on a target disc type magnetism gathering structure. A stator assembly comprises a mounting plate and a multi-end pole shoe type electromagnetic circuit assembly. The multi-end pole shoe type electromagnetic circuit assembly comprises a magnet yoke, and a plurality of pole shoes are led out from the single side of the magnet yoke. The plurality of multi-end pole shoe type electromagnetic circuit assemblies are uniformly distributed on the mounting plate at equal angles; the mounting plate is fixed on an external supporting structure, and a round hole is formed in the center of the mounting plate; the rotor assembly comprises a main rotating shaft and a rotor magnetic gathering disc which are fixed into a whole; a plurality of concentric annular magnetism gathering teeth which are opposite to the pole shoes one by one are arranged on one side of the rotor magnetism gathering disc; the main rotating shaft vertically penetrates through the circular hole and is matched with the circular hole; a motor rotor is fixed on the main rotating shaft, and a motor stator is fixed on the inner wall of the shell. Under the vertical layout, full-degree-of-freedom non-contact stable suspension of the rotor is obtained through the action of fewer actuators and a more direct magnetic circuit, the radial size of the whole machine is remarkably reduced, and the system complexity and the manufacturing cost are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a vertical magnetic levitation blower, specifically a vertical magnetic levitation blower based on a target-disc type magnetic focusing structure, belonging to the technical field of magnetic levitation blowers. Background Technology

[0002] Existing magnetic levitation blowers mostly use a separate, fully 5-DOF active magnetic levitation support with radial and axial magnetic bearings as their core. Efficiency and noise and heat loss are improved by optimizing the cooling structure, introducing a symmetrical dual-impeller design, or integrating a high-speed direct-drive motor with a centrifugal impeller. While these improvements have achieved some success in energy saving, heat dissipation, and oil-free operation, they still generally suffer from engineering bottlenecks such as a large number of bearing components, complex axial and radial magnetic circuit topologies, sensitivity to air gap uniformity and rotor coaxiality, long overall axial length making further compaction difficult, and strong reliance on high-precision multi-channel displacement detection and high-bandwidth closed-loop control.

[0003] In the prior art, for example:

[0004] The paper "A Magnetic Levitation Centrifugal Blower" published on November 19, 2021, with publication number CN113669273A, proposes to improve the heat dissipation efficiency and operational reliability of the equipment by using multiple heat dissipation channels in conjunction with the protective bearing layout. However, its magnetic bearing is still a traditional separate configuration, relying on an independent thrust plate to achieve axial limit. The space for axial dimension optimization is limited, and no structural adaptation has been made for the magnetic circuit coupling loss and vibration caused by airflow pulsation at high speeds. It also lacks sufficient support for the refinement of thermal management and the system's anti-interference capability under complex working conditions.

[0005] The "Vertical Magnetic Levitation Blower Device for Mines" published on June 4, 2019, with publication number CN109838395A, proposes to adopt a vertical inlet / outlet in the outer cylinder, a herringbone impeller arrangement, and magnetic levitation support to adapt to vertical installation and efficient ventilation in mines. However, its bearings are still based on the traditional magnetic levitation layout, with limited axial dimension compression, and insufficient support for rotor strength and thermal deformation adaptability under special environments.

[0006] On August 20, 2019, the publication number CN209278184U, entitled "An Energy-Saving Magnetic Levitation Blower", disclosed a structure including a dual-impeller symmetrical magnetic levitation motor, a controller and a frequency converter. It aims to improve efficiency and balance through the symmetrical impeller design. However, it has many sets of magnetic bearings and motor components, which may still have problems such as high overall height, difficulty in installation in space-constrained situations and high manufacturing and assembly costs.

[0007] The paper "A Magnetic Levitation Blower" published on November 17, 2023, with publication number CN220036984U, proposes a layout in which a permanent magnet synchronous motor is installed on a fixed frame inside the casing and the impeller is connected by two rotating shafts. Although it emphasizes the advantages of dual-output end drive and high-efficiency operation, it still relies heavily on multi-pole magnetic bearings and sensor links. The engineering implementation cost and sensitivity to on-site installation conditions still exist.

[0008] Therefore, it is evident that existing traditional magnetic levitation blowers typically require separate radial and axial magnetic bearings or multiple sets of magnetic pole assemblies to achieve full-degree-of-freedom rotor levitation. This results in a large number of bearing actuators and magnetic circuits, a large overall structural volume (especially with a long axial length), complex assembly and debugging processes, and high requirements for component processing and coaxiality / air gap consistency. Consequently, this leads to high costs, high maintenance costs, and high engineering implementation barriers. Furthermore, to ensure high-speed, stable levitation and dynamic disturbance rejection performance, the system often relies on high-resolution displacement sensors and high-bandwidth controllers for real-time closed-loop regulation. In compact or low-to-medium power scenarios, limitations in the layout space of multi-pole magnetic bearings and the integrated heat dissipation conditions of the motor and impeller can easily lead to insufficient load-bearing density, increased power consumption and temperature rise, and reduced control margin. This further intensifies the requirements for control accuracy and system integration, limiting its adoption in space-constrained, low-cost, and small-scale building / urban applications. Summary of the Invention

[0009] Compared to the above-mentioned solutions in the prior art, the present invention uses a multi-pole shoe-type electromagnetic circuit assembly (which can be a U-shaped electromagnet, or two or more sets of U-shaped electromagnets connected in parallel to form an equivalent E-shaped electromagnet or other equivalent multi-pole magnetic circuit structure) in conjunction with a rotor with a concentric ring magnetic tooth rotor, so that the magnetic flux at the end of the electromagnet forms magnetic focusing coupling with the inner and outer ring magnetic teeth of the rotor, thereby achieving magnetic force concentration and effective load bearing. In a vertical layout, the rotor achieves full-degree-of-freedom non-contact stable suspension with fewer actuators and more direct magnetic circuit action, significantly reducing the radial dimension of the whole machine, reducing the footprint, reducing system complexity and manufacturing cost, while improving adaptability to compact applications with small and medium power and conditions with lower control precision.

[0010] The present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0011] A vertical magnetic levitation blower based on a target-disc type magnetic focusing structure includes a stator assembly 1, a rotor assembly 2, an air passage assembly 3, a drive motor 23, and a housing. The stator assembly 1 includes a mounting plate 11 and a multi-pole shoe electromagnetic circuit assembly 12. The multi-pole shoe electromagnetic circuit assembly 12 includes a magnetic yoke 1210, from which multiple pole shoes extend from one side. Several of the multi-pole shoe electromagnetic circuit assemblies 12 are evenly distributed at equal angles on the mounting plate 11. The mounting plate 11 is fixed to the outside. The supporting structure has a circular hole at its center; the rotor assembly 2 includes a main shaft 25 and a rotor magnetic disk, which are fixed together; the rotor magnetic disk has multiple concentric annular magnetic teeth on one side, which are aligned with the pole shoes one by one; the main shaft 25 passes vertically through the circular hole and is adapted to the circular hole; the drive motor 23 includes a motor stator 231 and a motor rotor 232; the motor rotor 232 is fixed on the main shaft 25, and the motor stator 231 is fixed on the inner wall of the housing.

[0012] Preferably, there are two rotor disks, namely an upper rotor disk 21 and a lower rotor disk 24; the upper part of the main shaft 25 is provided with a rotor top shaft section 20, a protective shaft 22 is provided on the main shaft 25 at the position between the upper rotor disk 21 and the motor rotor 232, and a bottom support shaft 26 is provided on the lower part of the main shaft 25.

[0013] Preferably, the multi-pole shoe-type electromagnetic circuit assembly 12 is a U-shaped electromagnet, and the corresponding rotor magnetic disk has two annular magnetic teeth, one inside and one outside.

[0014] Preferably, the multi-pole shoe-type electromagnetic circuit assembly 12 is an E-type electromagnet, and the corresponding rotor magnetic disk has three annular magnetic teeth: inner, middle, and outer.

[0015] Preferably, each of the pole shoes is further provided with a block-shaped permanent magnet; or, an annular permanent magnet is provided in the gap between adjacent annular magnetic teeth.

[0016] Preferably, each of the pole shoes is provided with a coil, and the multi-pole shoe electromagnetic circuit assembly 12 generates an attractive force on the rotor magnetic disk.

[0017] Preferably, a plurality of rotor disks with the same orientation are integrally fixed on the main shaft 25 of the rotor assembly 2, and each rotor disk corresponds to a different stator assembly 1.

[0018] Preferably, the rotor magnetic disk is provided with the annular magnetic teeth on both sides, and the annular magnetic teeth on both sides correspond to the stator assembly 1. The function of the stator assembly 1 located at the lower part is to balance the load size, obtain bidirectional thrust bearing capacity or improve the anti-overturning capacity.

[0019] Preferably, each pole piece of the multi-pole shoe electromagnetic circuit assembly 12 has a concave side and a convex side, and the curvature of the concave side and the convex side corresponds to the curvature of the corresponding annular magnetic tooth.

[0020] Furthermore, a fan blade 34 is fixed on the top shaft section 20 of the rotor, and a flow guide 30 is fixed on the upper part of the housing. The fan blade 34 and the flow guide 30 are coaxial.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0022] 1) By configuring a multi-pole shoe-type electromagnetic circuit assembly on the stator assembly (its magnetic end part can be set as a two-pole, three-pole or multi-pole structure, and the electromagnet shape is not limited to U-shaped, but can also be E-shaped and other equivalent multi-pole magnetic circuit structures), and constructing concentric annular magnetic focusing grooves / teeth (including inner ring, outer ring and expandable multi-ring magnetic focusing structure) on the target-type rotor magnetic disk rigidly connected to the high-speed rotor shaft end of the blower, so that each end magnetic pole forms a "multi-end-multi-ring" targeted magnetic focusing magnetic circuit with the corresponding annular magnetic focusing groove / teeth;

[0023] 2) Permanent magnets can also be connected in series and parallel in the magnetic circuit of multi-pole shoe-type electromagnetic circuit components or target-type rotor magnetic disks. The magnetic field attraction provided by the permanent magnets balances part or all of the rotor's gravity, thereby reducing levitation energy consumption. Mechanistically, this causes the excitation flux to concentrate and close at each annular groove / tooth, significantly improving the effective flux utilization rate and generating controllable axial electromagnetic bearing capacity. Thus, within the compact axial layout dimensions of the vertical blower, stable and effective non-contact levitation support capability is obtained, adapting to the high-speed rotation requirements of tens of thousands of revolutions per minute and above.

[0024] 3) Simultaneously, based on the principle of minimizing magnetic reluctance, when the target-type rotor magnetic disk of the vertical magnetic levitation blower experiences radial displacement relative to the stator (e.g., due to airflow pulsation, load fluctuation, or start-stop impact), the air gap distribution between each annular groove / tooth and the end magnetic pole will exhibit an asymmetrical change. The magnetic flux automatically biases towards the path with lower equivalent magnetic reluctance, causing the electromagnetic force to generate a radial component, forming a radial restoring constraint force pointing towards the central equilibrium position. This passively limits the radial displacement and significantly improves the system's anti-interference capability. Since the axial suspension load and radial displacement constraint are generated synchronously by the same set of "end multi-pole electromagnetic-target multi-ring magnetic structure" magnetic circuit, this invention can significantly reduce the dependence on independent radial magnetic bearing units of the vertical blower, or, under the premise of meeting the overall load requirements and operational stability, reduce the number of radial control channels and the degree of freedom required for control. This directly brings about technical effects such as reducing the number of components, simplifying the assembly and calibration process, compressing the system volume and reducing manufacturing costs, and reducing the difficulty of control parameter tuning.

[0025] 4) The target-type rotor disk is rigidly integrated with the blower rotor shaft and achieves contactless support under all working conditions. This completely eliminates the friction and wear of traditional mechanical bearings, avoids the maintenance burden and oil and gas pollution risks brought by the lubrication system, and thus significantly improves the operational reliability and service life of the vertical magnetic levitation blower under high-speed conditions. Its compact integrated design is especially suitable for the integrated assembly of small-diameter high-speed shafts and miniaturized vertical blowers. It effectively solves the pain points of traditional magnetic levitation blowers, such as complex structure, limited adaptability, and difficulty in engineering promotion, and greatly expands its application scope in sewage treatment aeration, industrial pneumatic conveying, and new energy supporting scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the vertical magnetic levitation blower based on a target-type magnetic focusing structure according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the stator assembly in one embodiment.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-pole shoe electromagnetic circuit assembly in one embodiment (U-shaped electromagnet, permanent magnets can be added at the pole shoes, but the permanent magnets are not shown).

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-pole shoe type electromagnetic circuit assembly in another embodiment (E-type electromagnet, permanent magnets can be added at the pole shoes, but the permanent magnets are not shown).

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the rotor assembly.

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the rotor magnetic disk structure in one embodiment (annular permanent magnets may be placed between adjacent annular magnetic teeth, but are not shown).

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the rotor magnetic disk structure in another embodiment (annular permanent magnets may be set between adjacent annular magnetic teeth, but are not shown).

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the drive motor.

[0034] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure including the fairing, volute, diffuser, air outlet, and fan blades.

[0035] Figure 10 This is a structural diagram of the fan blade.

[0036] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the relative positional relationship between the "two ends and two rings".

[0037] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the relative positional relationship of "three ends - three rings" (which can be expanded to "multiple ends - multiple rings").

[0038] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram showing that the rotor magnetic disk has the aforementioned annular magnetic teeth on both sides. Each of the annular magnetic teeth on both sides corresponds to a stator assembly. The function of the lower stator assembly is to balance the load size, obtain bidirectional thrust bearing capacity, or improve anti-overturning capacity.

[0039] In the picture:

[0040] 1 is the stator assembly, 2 is the rotor assembly, and 3 is the pneumatic assembly;

[0041] 11 is the mounting plate; 121, 122, and 123 are U-shaped electromagnets.

[0042] 12 is a multi-terminal pole shoe electromagnetic circuit component, 1210 is a magnetic yoke, 1211 and 1212 are coils, and 1213 and 1214 are pole shoes;

[0043] 1210 is the magnetic yoke, 1211, 1212, and 1215 are coils, and 1213, 1214, and 1216 are pole shoes;

[0044] 20 is the top shaft section of the rotor, 21 is the upper rotor disk, 22 is the protective shaft, 23 is the drive motor, 24 is the lower rotor disk, 25 is the main shaft, and 26 is the bottom support shaft.

[0045] 211 is the inner annular magnetic focusing tooth, 212 is the outer annular magnetic focusing tooth, and 213 is the middle annular magnetic focusing tooth;

[0046] 231 is the motor stator, and 232 is the motor rotor;

[0047] 30 is the fairing, 31 is the volute, 32 is the diffuser, 33 is the air outlet, and 34 is the fan blade;

[0048] 341 is the outline, 342 is the blade, and 343 is the cover plate. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0050] This invention provides a novel target-type magnetic levitation blower. Its core employs a rotor-type magnetic disk active magnetic levitation bearing structure. Through the pole shoes of the multi-pole electromagnet assembly at the stator end (which can be U-shaped, equivalent E-shaped, or other multi-end magnetic circuit structures), it precisely connects with the inner and outer concentric annular magnetic teeth of the rotor's magnetic disk, forming a highly efficient magnetic focusing coupling magnetic circuit that generates a stable and controllable electromagnetic force in the axial direction. Alternatively, permanent magnets can be connected in series or parallel within the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet or the target-type magnetic disk. The magnetic field attraction provided by the permanent magnets balances part or all of the rotor's gravity, thereby achieving contactless levitation bearing of the magnetic disk, rotor shaft, and impeller under all operating conditions. This eliminates the need for traditional mechanical bearings, friction loss, and lubrication maintenance.

[0051] Based on the principle of shortest magnetic circuit, when the rotor is radially offset due to airflow pulsation, load fluctuation or high-speed disturbance, the air gap distribution changes asymmetrically, the magnetic flux is biased towards the low magnetic resistance path, generating radial recovery constraint force, passively and adaptively limiting radial offset, and ensuring high-speed rotational stability.

[0052] Since axial load and radial constraint are synchronously achieved by the same set of "end electromagnets - annular magnetic teeth" co-source magnetic circuit, this invention can significantly reduce the configuration of independent radial bearings or reduce radial control requirements while meeting the requirements of high-speed stability at tens of thousands of revolutions per minute, rated load and aerodynamic performance. It simplifies the complexity of the whole machine from the source, significantly reduces the radial size, optimizes space utilization, reduces the footprint, reduces the number of parts and assembly and calibration steps, reduces manufacturing costs and cycle time, avoids the complexity of traditional multi-bearing collaborative control, reduces the requirements for detection resolution and controller bandwidth, improves operational reliability and maintenance convenience, and is suitable for multiple scenarios such as sewage treatment aeration, pneumatic conveying, and chemical gas circulation. It has significant technical innovation and promotion value.

[0053] For ease of understanding, this embodiment provides a novel target-type magnetic levitation blower, which includes, but is not limited to: stator assembly 1, rotor assembly 2, and air passage assembly 3.

[0054] (a) Stator assembly 1

[0055] The stator assembly 1 is used to provide the electromagnetic force required for levitation and the housing part of the novel target-type magnetic levitation blower. It includes a mounting plate 11 and several sets of multi-pole shoe-type electromagnetic circuit assemblies 12, a limiting plate 13, a target-type magnetic levitation blower housing 14, a mounting plate 15 and several sets of end electromagnets 16 and a base 17 fixed thereon.

[0056] Mounting plate 11 can be a plate-shaped or ring-shaped support component, used to realize the circumferential arrangement and positioning of electromagnet 12.

[0057] Several groups of multi-pole shoe-type electromagnetic circuit components 12 are distributed along the circumference of the mounting plate 11, preferably three groups and arranged at 120° intervals; in other embodiments, there may be four (90), five (72) or more groups, and they are evenly distributed along the circumference at equal angles to meet different load-bearing capacities and structural space requirements. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the stator assembly 1.

[0058] Furthermore, the electromagnet 121 includes, but is not limited to: a magnetic yoke 1210, two magnetic poles (or multiple magnetic poles / multiple pole ends) connected to the magnetic yoke 1210, coils 1211 and 1212 disposed on the magnetic poles, and pole shoes 1213 and 1214 located at the ends of the magnetic poles.

[0059] The magnetic yoke 1210 and the two arm magnetic poles form a U-shaped closed magnetic circuit; after the coils 1211 and 1212 are energized, magnetic flux is established in the magnetic yoke 1210 and the two arm magnetic poles.

[0060] The pole shoes 1213 and 1214 are used to form magnetic end faces that match the rotor magnetic disk 21. They can be flat end faces, local bosses, or toothed end faces to achieve magnetic flux concentration and reduce magnetic leakage.

[0061] Coils 1211 and 1212 can be wound in the same direction or in opposite directions, depending on the desired magnetic circuit direction and force characteristics; the two coils can also be electrically connected as a single winding or driven independently.

[0062] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a U-shaped multi-terminal pole shoe electromagnetic circuit assembly. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a type E multi-terminal pole shoe electromagnetic circuit assembly.

[0063] Permanent magnets can be connected in series or parallel in the magnetic circuit of the multi-pole shoe electromagnetic circuit assembly 12 or the magnetic disk 21. The magnetic field attraction provided by the permanent magnets can balance the gravity of part or all of the rotor, thereby reducing the energy consumption of levitation. This is not shown in the attached figure.

[0064] The limiting plate 13 is used to limit the maximum axial displacement of the rotor to prevent the rotor from moving excessively upward and colliding with the upper electromagnet under abnormal conditions. It can also integrate some displacement sensor mounting positions to provide auxiliary limiting and vibration buffering functions.

[0065] The target-type magnetic levitation blower housing 14 provides overall structural rigidity, airtight sealing and protection, and can be arranged with ventilation, heat dissipation vents or cooling liquid passages as needed.

[0066] Mounting plate 15 is the lower fixing plate, with the same function as mounting plate 11, and can also integrate the lower displacement sensor mounting positions.

[0067] The structure of the end electromagnet 16 is similar to that of the upper end, further improving axial stiffness and stability.

[0068] Base 17 is an integral support base, providing interfaces for ground fixing or hoisting of the blower. It mainly bears the weight and vibration of the entire machine, integrates vibration damping pads or anchor bolts, and can integrate the lower protective bearing mounting position to ensure the stability and levelness of vertical installation.

[0069] See Figure 3 and Figure 4 Each pole piece of the multi-pole-shoe electromagnetic circuit assembly 12 has a concave side and a convex side, the curvature of which corresponds to the curvature of the corresponding annular magnetic teeth. Essentially, this ensures that when there is no radial offset in the rotor, a portion of the pole piece and a portion of the annular magnetic teeth are perfectly aligned (coincident). The advantage of this is that when a slight radial offset occurs, the area of ​​the aligned pole piece and the annular magnetic teeth changes significantly, thereby enhancing the radial passive constraint capability.

[0070] (ii) Rotor assembly 2:

[0071] The rotor assembly 2 is used to bear axial load and output rotational motion, and includes: a rotor top shaft section 20, an upper rotor disk 21, a protective shaft 22, a drive motor 23, a lower rotor disk 24, a main shaft 25, and a bottom support shaft 26. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the rotor assembly 2.

[0072] The rotor top shaft section 20 is the upper shaft interface, used for rigid connection to the impeller, transmitting torque and guiding airflow into the impeller. It also ensures the coaxiality of the impeller and the magnetic disk, optimizes the aerodynamic inlet flow field, and withstands the axial aerodynamic forces of the impeller. The impeller includes, but is not limited to, a three-dimensional flow impeller.

[0073] The upper rotor disk 21, the lower rotor disk 24, and the shaft 25 can be integrally formed, or rigidly fixed by welding, key connection, interference fit, bolt connection, etc., to ensure force transmission and coaxiality. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the two-ring aggregated disk 21 structure.

[0074] The upper rotor magnetic disk 21 is provided with an annular magnetic tooth structure for forming magnetic focusing coupling with the electromagnet 12, including an outer annular magnetic tooth 211 located on the radially outer side and an inner annular magnetic tooth 212 located on the radially inner side. Other magnetic teeth can also be provided between 211 and 212 as needed.

[0075] The outer teeth 211, the inner teeth 212, and other optional annular magnetic teeth form stepped / stepped tooth surfaces along the axial direction, so that they correspond to the corresponding end pole shoes 1213 and 1214 of the electromagnet 12 to form air gaps. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a magnetic disk structure with three concentric magnetic teeth.

[0076] The annular magnetic focusing tooth can be a continuous annular flange, an annular step, an annular groove-tooth mating structure, or other equivalent annular magnetic flux focusing structure; its cross-sectional shape can be rectangular, trapezoidal, rounded, or chamfered to improve the consistency of assembly gaps and optimize magnetic flux distribution.

[0077] The protective shaft 22 is for protecting the bearing shaft section. It does not contact the bearing shaft during normal operation. It only provides temporary mechanical support to the rotor in case of failure or overload, preventing the rotor from being sucked up by the electromagnet or from being damaged by collision, thus ensuring safe shutdown.

[0078] The drive motor 23 includes a motor stator 231 and a motor rotor 232. The motor stator 231 is fixed to the inner wall of the housing, and the motor rotor 232 is typically a surface-mount or built-in high-performance permanent magnet. Different drive motors can be flexibly selected according to power requirements, cost, and control complexity.

[0079] The type of motor can be freely selected, including but not limited to permanent magnet synchronous motors, brushless DC motors, or switched reluctance motors. Taking a permanent magnet synchronous motor as an example, the motor rotor 232 includes a rotor core and permanent magnets embedded or surface-mounted on the rotor core; the permanent magnets are arranged with alternating N / S poles along the circumferential direction to form a multi-pole magnetic field, which cooperates with the three-phase windings of the motor stator 231 to generate a rotational driving torque. The motor stator 231 includes a stator core and three-phase control windings embedded in the stator core slots; the stator core is fixedly connected to the housing, providing a channel for generating the rotating magnetic field and dissipating heat. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the motor rotor and stator structure.

[0080] The permanent magnets of the motor rotor 232 can be surface-mounted, built-in tangential, radial, or Halbach array structures. Their cross-sectional shape is not limited to rectangular, but can also be tile-shaped, bread-shaped, or have a magnetic pole protection layer to improve magnetic field distribution, reduce eddy current loss, and enhance the ability to withstand high-speed centrifugal force.

[0081] In other embodiments, when the drive motor 23 has a multi-pole structure, the motor rotor 232 is provided with a more pole number of permanent magnets, so that the "number of stator winding pole pairs" matches the "number of rotor permanent magnet pole pairs", thereby forming a highly efficient multi-pole electromagnetic drive coupling and improving power density and torque output characteristics.

[0082] The structure of the lower rotor aggregate disk 24 is completely identical to that of the upper rotor aggregate disk 21.

[0083] The main shaft 25 is the central main shaft, a rigid core shaft that runs through the entire rotor assembly.

[0084] The bottom support shaft 26 is the lower support shaft section of the rotor, which is used to provide mechanical limit at the lower end, improve the overall dynamic balance performance of the rotor, and ensure vertical stability under vertical installation. When the blower is not working, the bottom support shaft 26 is reliably supported on the base 17 to achieve static positioning and safety protection.

[0085] (III) Pneumatic Component 3:

[0086] The pneumatic assembly 3 is responsible for guiding, compressing, pressure conversion and uniform discharge of air, including but not limited to: shroud 30, volute 31, diffuser 32, air outlet 33 and fan blade 34. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the gas path component 3.

[0087] The shroud 30, fan blades 34 and rotor top shaft section 20 can be integrally machined or rigidly fixed by bolt connection, key connection or interference fit to ensure the uniformity and coaxiality of the airflow field guided by the airflow.

[0088] The air deflector 30 is a streamlined cover located at the front end of the air inlet, including but not limited to, to guide external air into the fan blades 34 evenly and axially, reducing inlet vortices, pre-swirl, and drag loss.

[0089] The volute 31 is a spiral collection cavity surrounding the diffuser 32 and the fan blade 34, including but not limited to. Its main function is to uniformly diffuse the high-pressure gas discharged by the diffuser 32, further pressurize and eliminate airflow pulsation along the circumferentially expanding channel, and ensure stable airflow and low noise.

[0090] The diffuser 32 is located in the annular diffusion channel after the outlet of the fan blade 34. It efficiently converts the kinetic energy of the high-speed gas discharged from the fan blade into static pressure, suppresses the outlet separation flow by decelerating and pressurizing, improves the pressure recovery coefficient, and widens the stable operating range.

[0091] Air outlet 33 is a high-pressure air outlet, which smoothly outputs compressed high-pressure air.

[0092] The impeller structure of fan blade 34 includes, but is not limited to, a three-dimensional flow impeller. Taking a three-dimensional flow impeller as an example, it employs three-dimensional twisted blades based on numerical optimization design of the impeller flow field to achieve improved aerodynamic efficiency over a wide operating range. Taking a single-stage centrifugal impeller as an example, fan blade 34 includes, but is not limited to, a hub 341, blades 342, and a cover plate 343; the blades 342 extend radially outward from the hub, and the blade inlet and outlet angles are optimized according to the design operating conditions to ensure that the gas obtains the best kinetic energy increment within the impeller; the cover plate 343 and the hub 341 form a closed flow channel to reduce leakage losses and optimize the uniformity of the outlet flow field. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional flow impeller structure.

[0093] Blade 342 can be a ruled surface blade, an arbitrary twisted surface blade, or a hybrid blade with backward / forward / radial curvature. Its cross-sectional shape is not limited to a rectangle, but can also be an airfoil, S-shaped, or a structure with splitter blades to improve tip clearance leakage control and optimize anti-surge performance.

[0094] In other embodiments, when the blower is a multi-stage compression structure, the air path assembly 3 is correspondingly equipped with multi-stage fan blades 34 and interstage diffusers, so that the outlet of each stage impeller is matched with the next stage diffuser / guide structure, thereby forming a multi-stage high-efficiency compression coupling and improving the overall pressure ratio and flow regulation range.

[0095] (iv) The relative positional relationship between the electromagnet and the rotor disk

[0096] In this embodiment, each end pole of each set of end electromagnets 12 is respectively arranged opposite to the corresponding annular magnetic teeth of the rotor magnetic disk 21 to form multi-air gap coupling. Taking the two end pole shoes as an example:

[0097] One end of the electromagnet 121 has a pole shoe 1213 that corresponds to the outer annular magnetic teeth 212 to form an inner air gap;

[0098] The other end of the electromagnet 121, the pole shoe 1214, forms an outer air gap corresponding to the inner annular magnetic teeth 211.

[0099] This allows each set of electromagnets 12 to simultaneously apply electromagnetic forces to the inner and outer ring teeth of the magnetic disk 21, generating a resultant force in the axial direction to achieve contactless thrust bearing. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the relative positional relationship between the two ends and the two rings.

[0100] In a three- or multi-end pole shoe structure, each end pole shoe corresponds to a three- or multi-ring magnetic focusing tooth on the magnetic disk 21, forming a "multi-end-multi-ring" magnetic focusing mechanism to improve the effective magnetic flux utilization and enhance the axial load-bearing capacity per unit volume. Depending on the load-bearing capacity, stability, or adaptation to different working conditions, it can be expanded into multi-ring and multi-stage accumulation. Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram showing the relative positional relationship between a multi-terminal electromagnet and a multi-ring magnetic disk.

[0101] The other end pole shoe 1214 of the multi-end pole shoe type electromagnetic circuit assembly 12 forms an inner air gap corresponding to the inner ring magnetic teeth 211.

[0102] This allows each set of multi-pole shoe-type electromagnetic circuit components 12 to simultaneously apply electromagnetic forces to the inner and outer ring magnetic teeth of the magnetic disk 21, forming a "multi-pole-multi-tooth" magnetic focusing action mode, thereby improving the effective magnetic flux utilization rate and enhancing the axial load-bearing capacity per unit volume.

[0103] Furthermore, when the rotor disk experiences radial displacement, the inner and outer air gaps exhibit uneven distribution in the circumferential direction. The magnetic flux will preferentially close along the path with lower equivalent magnetic reluctance, resulting in a radial component of the electromagnetic force and the formation of a restoring constraint force pointing towards the original center position. This radial constraint force can be used to suppress small radial drift and improve the system's immunity.

[0104] Permanent magnets can be connected in series or parallel in the magnetic circuit of the multi-pole shoe electromagnetic circuit assembly 12 or the target disk. The magnetic field attraction provided by the permanent magnets can balance the gravity of part or all of the rotor, thereby reducing levitation energy consumption. The attached figure does not show this, and the principle is existing technology.

[0105] Depending on load-bearing capacity, stability, or adaptation to different working conditions, it can be expanded into multi-ring and multi-level accumulation forms:

[0106] On the same rotor magnetic disk 21, the number of annular magnetic teeth is not limited to the inner and outer rings. It can be set to 4, 6, 8 or more concentric annular magnetic teeth. It can also be formed by local merging to form 3, 5 or other different numbers of magnetic teeth, so as to improve the magnetic circuit area and load-bearing capacity without significantly increasing the axial dimension.

[0107] Two or more stages of rotor disk 21 can be set in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 25, and a set of stator assembly 1 is set at the corresponding position of each stage of disk 21 so that the structure of each stage shares the axial load.

[0108] The number of stages, the spacing between stages, the number of electromagnets in each stage, and their arrangement angles in the above-mentioned extended structure can be selected according to the load-bearing requirements and structural space, and do not constitute a limitation.

[0109] Based on the principle of shortest magnetic path, when the magnetic disk 21 is radially offset, the air gaps are unevenly distributed in the circumferential direction. The magnetic flux preferentially closes along the path with the smaller equivalent magnetic resistance, which causes the electromagnetic force to generate a radial component and form a restoring constraint force pointing towards the central equilibrium position. This radial constraint force can be used to suppress small radial drift and improve the system's immunity, thereby reducing the dependence on independent radial bearing units and multi-channel radial active control while meeting application requirements.

[0110] In other embodiments, to improve load-bearing capacity, enhance stability, or adapt to different working conditions, the structure of the present invention may adopt a multi-level accumulation method.

[0111] Three or more stages of rotor disk 21 can be set in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 25, and a set of stator assembly 1 is set at the corresponding position of each stage of disk 21 so that each stage of the structure can share the axial load.

[0112] In other embodiments, stator assemblies 1 with upper and lower opposing components can be used in conjunction with rotor magnetic disk 21. In this case, annular magnetic teeth corresponding to those above are also provided below rotor magnetic disk 21 to obtain bidirectional thrust bearing capacity or improve anti-overturning capacity.

[0113] The number of stages, the spacing between stages, the number of electromagnets at the ends of each stage, and the arrangement angle of the multi-stage structure can be selected according to the load-bearing requirements and structural space, and are not limited thereto.

[0114] (v) Control and drive system:

[0115] The rotor-type active magnetic levitation bearing may also include: displacement sensor, current sensor, power driver and suspension controller.

[0116] Displacement sensors are used to detect the axial displacement or suspension clearance of the rotor disk 21 relative to the stator assembly 1; multiple displacement sensors can be arranged if necessary to estimate the tilt attitude.

[0117] The levitation controller generates control current commands based on the displacement signal, and adjusts the excitation current of the coils 1211 and 1212 of each U-shaped electromagnet 12 through the power driver to achieve closed-loop control of the levitation position of the magnetic disk 21. The control algorithm can be PID or other equivalent control methods, such as PID, state feedback, active disturbance rejection control, or other equivalent control methods. Each control algorithm can be selected according to the system bandwidth and disturbance characteristics, and its control parameter tuning method is the same as that of existing active magnetic bearing control technology. The attached figure does not show the control and drive system.

[0118] (vi) Overview of the levitation working principle:

[0119] When the coils 1211 and 1212 of the upper electromagnet 12 and the lower electromagnet 16 are energized, the multi-pole shoe type electromagnetic circuit assembly 12 establishes magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit formed by the magnetic yoke 1210, magnetic pole, and pole shoe 1213 / 1214. The magnetic flux crosses each air gap and enters the corresponding annular magnetic teeth on the rotor magnetic disk 21 and rotor magnetic disk 24, thereby generating a resultant force on the magnetic disk 21 and magnetic disk 24 in the axial direction, realizing non-contact thrust bearing on the rotating shaft 25.

[0120] At the same time, if the aggregate disk 21 and aggregate disk 24 are radially offset relative to the stator assembly 1, the distribution of the inner and outer air gaps will change asymmetrically, and the magnetic flux density and electromagnetic force will become uneven, thereby generating a restoring constraint force pointing to the equilibrium position in the radial direction, which will passively limit the radial offset.

[0121] Since both axial load and radial constraint are achieved through the same magnetic focusing structure of "multi-pole shoe type electromagnetic circuit assembly 12 - annular magnetic focusing tooth", this invention can reduce the dependence on independent radial electromagnetic bearing units, or reduce the number of radial control channels and the degree of freedom required in engineering implementation, thereby reducing system complexity and improving the feasibility of miniaturization and low-cost implementation.

[0122] In summary, this embodiment details a vertical magnetic levitation blower based on a target-disc type magnetic focusing structure, in which inner and outer concentric annular magnetic focusing teeth are constructed on the rotor magnetic focusing disk, forming a highly efficient magnetic focusing magnetic circuit with the electromagnet assembly at the stator end.

[0123] The multi-pole shoe-type electromagnetic circuit assembly 12 (end electromagnets) can adopt a U-shaped structure, or it can be composed of two or more U-shaped electromagnets connected in parallel to form an equivalent E-type electromagnet (or other equivalent multi-pole end magnetic circuit structure), so that the end magnetic poles of the electromagnets are precisely coupled with the inner and outer ring magnetic teeth of the magnetic disk, achieving stable non-contact levitation bearing in a compact structural size; or permanent magnets can be connected in series and parallel in the magnetic circuit of the electromagnets or the target-type rotor magnetic disk, and the magnetic field attraction provided by the permanent magnets can balance part or all of the rotor's gravity, thereby reducing levitation energy consumption. The magnetic disk is rigidly connected to the shaft and impeller, giving the rotor the ability to rotate at high speed with near-zero friction, ensuring the high-efficiency aerodynamic performance of the whole machine. Compared with the complex scheme of traditional magnetic levitation blowers that rely on separate radial / axial multiple sets of magnetic pole units, multi-channel sensing and high-bandwidth and high-precision control, this invention simplifies the system design from the perspective of structural topology and magnetic circuit mechanism, significantly reduces manufacturing and assembly costs, and improves adaptability to small and medium power, space-constrained and miniaturized rotating machinery. While meeting load-bearing requirements, operational stability, and aerodynamic efficiency, this solution significantly reduces the stringent dependence on displacement detection resolution and control bandwidth. The controlled object is mainly axial, the control channel can be simplified, the engineering implementation is easy, and it has broad application value. It is suitable for industrial needs in multiple scenarios such as sewage treatment aeration and pneumatic conveying.

[0124] The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or improvements based on these embodiments. Without departing from the overall concept of the present invention, such modifications or improvements should fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A vertical magnetic levitation blower based on a target-disc type magnetic focusing structure, characterized in that: Includes stator assembly (1), rotor assembly (2), pneumatic circuit assembly (3), drive motor (23), and housing; The stator assembly (1) includes a mounting plate (11) and a multi-terminal pole shoe electromagnetic circuit assembly (12). The multi-pole shoe electromagnetic circuit assembly (12) includes a magnetic yoke (1210), from which multiple pole shoes are led out from one side; several of the multi-pole shoe electromagnetic circuit assemblies (12) are evenly distributed on the mounting plate (11) at equal angles; the mounting plate (11) is fixed on the external support structure, and a circular hole is provided in its center; The rotor assembly (2) includes a main shaft (25) and a rotor magnetic disk, which are fixed together. The rotor magnetic disk has a plurality of concentric annular magnetic teeth that are aligned with the pole shoes one by one on one side. The main shaft (25) passes vertically through the circular hole and is adapted to the circular hole. The drive motor (23) includes a motor stator (231) and a motor rotor (232); the motor rotor (232) is fixed on the main shaft (25), and the motor stator (231) is fixed on the inner wall of the housing.

2. The vertical magnetic levitation blower based on a target-disc type magnetic focusing structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The rotor aggregate disk has two parts, namely an upper rotor aggregate disk (21) and a lower rotor aggregate disk (24); the main shaft (25) has a rotor top shaft section (20) on the upper part, a protective shaft (22) is provided on the main shaft (25) between the upper rotor aggregate disk (21) and the motor rotor (232), and a bottom support shaft (26) is provided on the lower part of the main shaft (25).

3. The vertical magnetic levitation blower based on a target-disc type magnetic focusing structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-pole shoe-type electromagnetic circuit assembly (12) is a U-shaped electromagnet, and the corresponding rotor magnetic disk has two inner and outer annular magnetic teeth.

4. The vertical magnetic levitation blower based on a target-disc type magnetic focusing structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-pole shoe-type electromagnetic circuit assembly (12) is an E-type electromagnet, and the corresponding rotor magnetic disk has three annular magnetic teeth: inner, middle, and outer.

5. The vertical magnetic levitation blower based on a target-disc type magnetic focusing structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the pole shoes is also fixedly provided with a block-shaped permanent magnet; or, an annular permanent magnet is provided in the gap between adjacent annular magnetic teeth.

6. The vertical magnetic levitation blower based on a target-disc type magnetic focusing structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the pole shoes is provided with a coil, and the multi-pole shoe electromagnetic circuit assembly (12) generates an attractive force on the rotor magnetic disk.

7. The vertical magnetic levitation blower based on a target-disc type magnetic focusing structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple rotor disks with the same orientation are integrally fixed on the main shaft (25) of the rotor assembly (2), and each rotor disk corresponds to a different stator assembly (1).

8. The vertical magnetic levitation blower based on a target-disc type magnetic focusing structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The rotor magnetic disk is provided with the annular magnetic teeth on both sides. The annular magnetic teeth on both sides correspond to the stator assembly (1). The function of the stator assembly (1) located at the bottom is to balance the load size, obtain bidirectional thrust bearing capacity or improve the anti-overturning capacity.

9. The vertical magnetic levitation blower based on a target-disc type magnetic focusing structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Each pole shoe of the multi-pole shoe electromagnetic circuit assembly (12) has a concave side and a convex side, and the curvature of the concave side and the convex side corresponds to the curvature of the corresponding annular magnetic tooth.

10. The vertical magnetic levitation blower based on a target-disc type magnetic focusing structure as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The fan blade (34) is fixed on the top shaft section (20) of the rotor, and the guide shroud (30) is fixed on the upper part of the housing. The fan blade (34) and the guide shroud (30) are coaxial.

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