Variable-angle automobile axle mechanical property test device and test method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile industry, and discloses an angle-variable automobile axle mechanical property test device and test method. Through the radial load loading device, the wheel hub controllable position angle driving device and the displacement testing device, wheel hub bearing deformation characteristics under the action of radial loads at different wheel hub angles can be achieved, then rigidity characteristics of a wheel axle at different position angles are obtained, and the rigidity uniformity of the wheel hub is obtained through comparison; according to the wheel hub controllable position angle driving device, the wheel hub is driven to rotate by driving the rolling wheel, then the other rolling wheel is driven to rotate, an encoder is arranged on a shaft of the other rolling wheel, the position angle of the wheel hub is monitored through the transmission ratio of the two rolling wheels, and the position angle of the wheel hub can be accurately adjusted; according to the servo-driven X-shaped folding lifting supporting device, the height of the supporting platform is adjusted through the servo electric cylinder, and then the height of the dowel bar is adjusted to adapt to hubs of different sizes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automotive industry technology, and in particular to a test device and test method for the mechanical performance of automotive wheel axles with variable angles. Background Technology

[0002] As a core load-bearing component of a vehicle's driving system, the radial load-bearing capacity and stiffness characteristics under different operating conditions directly determine the vehicle's driving stability, handling safety, and ride comfort. During vehicle operation, the axle continuously bears radial loads such as the vehicle's weight and road impacts. Furthermore, with changes in driving conditions such as steering and bumps, the stress distribution and load-bearing performance of the axle vary significantly depending on the position and angle of the wheel hub. In addition, different vehicle models and different configurations of the same model have significant differences in wheel hub size and installation standards, resulting in diverse testing requirements for wheel axle load-bearing performance, necessitating rigorous performance testing. Traditional devices, such as patent CN106706343B, although achieving radial and axial stiffness testing with a single tooling set, have a fixed test base placement method. Adaptation to different testing dimensions requires changing the limiting device, and tooling standards still need to be adjusted for different vehicle models' wheel hubs, resulting in low testing efficiency. Existing patented technologies and testing devices either cannot achieve accurate multi-angle testing or lack flexible adjustment structures to adapt to different wheel hub sizes, failing to meet the precise testing requirements for different position angles and wheel hub sizes. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a test device and test method for the mechanical performance of automobile wheel axles with variable angles. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention aims to solve the above-mentioned problems by providing a variable-angle automotive wheel axle mechanical performance testing device and method. It includes a radial load loading device, a wheel hub controllable position angle driving device, and a displacement testing device. This allows for the determination of wheel hub bearing deformation characteristics under radial load at different wheel hub angles, thereby obtaining the stiffness characteristics of the wheel axle at different position angles and comparing the uniformity of wheel hub stiffness. Furthermore, it features a servo-driven X-type folding lifting support device, which can adapt to different wheel hub sizes, offering wide adaptability.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A variable-angle automotive wheel axle mechanical performance testing device, comprising a wheel hub controllable position angle driving device 1, a radial load loading device 2, a displacement testing device 3, a servo-driven X-type folding lifting support device 4, and a test bench base 5; the wheel hub controllable position angle driving device 1 is used to monitor and precisely adjust the position angle of the wheel hub; the radial load loading device 2 is used to apply radial load to the test device; the servo-driven X-type folding lifting support device 4 is used to adjust the height of the test platform to adapt to the wheel hub size of different vehicle models; the displacement testing device 3 is located below the force transmission rod to measure the radial displacement data of the force transmission rod;

[0005] The hub controllable position angle drive device 1 includes a motor 11, a coupling 12, a support bearing seat 13, a support bearing 14, a roller 15, a roller shaft 16, and an encoder 17. The motor 11 is connected to the roller shaft 16 through the coupling 12. The roller 15 is divided into a driving roller and a driven roller, which are arranged side by side. The hub under test is located above the driving roller and the driven roller and is in contact with their surfaces. The driving roller is connected to the roller shaft 16 through a key. The encoder 17 is arranged on the axle of the driven roller. The inner ring of the encoder 17 is engaged with the axle, and the outer ring is fixed on the test bench base 5. The inner ring rotates relative to the outer ring to monitor the rotation position angle of the roller 15. The position angle of the hub is adjusted according to the transmission ratio between the hub under test and the roller 15.

[0006] The radial load loading device 2 includes a loading hydraulic cylinder 21, a force sensor 22, a force transmission rod 23, a hydraulic cylinder bracket 24, and a force transmission rod bracket 25. The outer ring of the bearing of the wheel hub under test is fixed by a mold, and radial load is indirectly applied to the bearing of the wheel hub under test through one end of the force transmission rod 23 cooperating with the mold. The hydraulic cylinder bracket 24 is fixed on the support platform 41 in the servo-driven X-type folding lifting support device 4 to support the loading hydraulic cylinder 21. The loading end of the loading hydraulic cylinder 21 is located above the force transmission rod 23 for loading. The force sensor 22 is located between the loading hydraulic cylinder 21 and the force transmission rod 23 for real-time measurement of the applied load. The other end of the force transmission rod 23 is connected to the force transmission rod bracket 25.

[0007] The displacement testing device 3 includes a displacement sensor 31 and a sensor bracket 32. The displacement sensor 31 is mounted on the sensor bracket 32 ​​and is installed perpendicular to the force transmission rod 23. It is used to measure the radial displacement of the position where the load is applied to the force transmission rod 23 in the radial load loading device 2. The sensor bracket 32 ​​is fixed above the support platform 41 in the controllable lifting support device 4.

[0008] The servo-driven X-type folding lifting support device 4 includes a support platform 41, a servo cylinder 42, a pulley 43, a cross bracket 44, and a base 45. The cross bracket 44 adopts an "X-type folding leg" structure design. Its upper end is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support platform 41 by a hinge. The lower end of the cross bracket 44 is connected to the pulley 43. The pulley 43 moves horizontally back and forth along the guide rail preset on the base 45. The sliding of the pulley drives the two cross rods of the cross bracket 44 to rotate relative to each other, thereby driving the support platform 41 to achieve vertical displacement.

[0009] One end of the servo electric cylinder 42 is connected to the middle hinge point of the two cross rods of the cross bracket 44 via a ball joint, and the other end is connected to the lower hinge point of one of the cross rods via a ball joint. The extension and retraction stroke of the servo electric cylinder 42 is adjusted by the servo control system to control the opening and closing angle of the cross bracket 44, thereby realizing the adjustment of the height of the support platform 41.

[0010] The inner ring of the support bearing 14 is mounted on the roller shaft 16, and the support bearing seats 13 are distributed on both sides of the roller shaft 16 and fixed on the test bench base 5 to support the roller shaft 16.

[0011] A test method for a variable-angle automotive wheel axle mechanical performance testing device includes the following steps:

[0012] Step 1: Drive the rollers through the controllable position angle drive device 1 to adjust the angle of the wheel hub under test; apply radial load to the wheel hub under test through the radial load loading device 2; adjust the height of the test platform to fit the wheel hub under test through the controllable lifting support device 3; and obtain the radial displacement of the load application position through the displacement testing device 4 to the force transmission rod.

[0013] Step 2: Measure the radial load using force sensor 22. Displacement sensor 31 measures the radial displacement at the load application position. The distance between the load application position and the left support point of the force transmission rod 23 was measured. The distance between the left fulcrum of the force transmission rod 23 and the center of the wheel hub to be measured Obtain the deflection angle of the force transmission rod by 23 degrees. ; Obtain the radial displacement deformation of the wheel hub under test Obtain the radial stiffness of the hub under test. ;

[0014] Step 3: Keeping the radial load constant, the hub controllable position angle drive device 1 adjusts the hub position angle. Repeat the above steps to obtain the radial stiffness of the hub at different positions and angles. Based on radial stiffness and position angle The stiffness uniformity of the wheel hub is obtained by comparing the relationship curves; the above operation is repeated by changing the radial load through the radial load loading device to obtain the load-bearing capacity and stiffness characteristics of the test vehicle wheel axle under different working conditions.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0016] (1) The present invention can realize the bearing deformation characteristics of the wheel hub under radial load under different wheel hub angles by means of radial load loading device, wheel hub controllable position angle driving device and displacement testing device, thereby obtaining the stiffness characteristics of the wheel axle under different position angles and comparing to obtain the stiffness uniformity of the wheel hub.

[0017] (2) The present invention has a hub controllable position angle driving device, which drives the hub to rotate by driving the roller, and then drives another roller to rotate. The other roller shaft is equipped with an encoder. The hub position angle is monitored by using the transmission ratio of the two, and the hub position angle can be precisely adjusted.

[0018] (3) The present invention has a servo-driven X-type folding lifting support device. The height of the support platform is adjusted by the servo electric cylinder, and the height of the transmission rod is adjusted to adapt to different sizes of wheel hubs. There is no need to design a separate test device for different vehicle models. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is an isometric view of the hub controllable position and angle driving device of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the radial load loading device of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the displacement testing device of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the servo-driven X-type folding lifting support device of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the testing principle of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the relationship between radial stiffness and position angle in the test method.

[0027] In the diagram: 1-Controllable position angle drive device for the hub; 11-Motor; 12-Coupling; 13-Support bearing seat; 14-Support bearing; 15-Roller; 16-Roller shaft; 17-Encoder; 2-Radial load loading device; 21-Loading hydraulic cylinder; 22-Force sensor; 23-Force transmission rod; 24-Hydraulic cylinder bracket; 25-Force transmission rod bracket; 3-Displacement testing device; 31-Displacement sensor; 32-Sensor bracket; 4-Servo-driven X-type folding lifting support device; 41-Support platform; 42-Servo electric cylinder; 43-Pulley; 44-Cross bracket; 45-Base; 5-Test bench base. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The variable-angle automotive wheel axle mechanical performance testing device includes a wheel hub controllable position angle drive device 1, a radial load loading device 2, a displacement testing device 3, a servo-driven X-type folding lifting support device 4, and a test platform base 5. The wheel hub controllable position angle drive device 1 is used to monitor and precisely adjust the wheel hub position angle; the radial load loading device 2 is used to apply radial load to the testing device; the servo-driven X-type folding lifting support device 4 is used to adjust the height of the test platform to adapt to the wheel hub size of different vehicle models; and the displacement testing device 3, located below the force transmission rod, measures the radial displacement data of the force transmission rod.

[0029] The controllable position angle drive device 1 for the wheel hub includes a motor 11, a coupling 12, a support bearing seat 13, a support bearing 14, a roller 15, a roller shaft 16, and an encoder 17. The base of the motor 11 is connected to the test bench base 5 by bolts. The motor 11 and the roller shaft 16 are connected by the coupling 12. The roller 15 and the roller shaft 16 are connected by a key. The motor 11 drives the roller 15 to rotate. The wheel hub to be tested is set above the roller 15. The driving roller 15 drives the wheel hub to rotate by friction. The wheel hub drives another roller to rotate. The encoder 17 is equipped on the other roller shaft. The inner ring of the encoder 17 cooperates with the roller shaft, and the outer ring is fixed on the test bench base 5. It is used to monitor the rotation position angle of the roller. By utilizing the transmission ratio between the wheel hub and the roller, the position angle of the wheel hub can be precisely adjusted. The inner ring of the support bearing 14 is installed on the roller shaft 16. The support bearing seats 13 are distributed on both sides of the roller shaft 16 and fixed on the test bench base 5 to support the roller shaft 16. The radial load loading device 2 includes a loading hydraulic cylinder 21, a force sensor 22, a force transmission rod 23, a hydraulic cylinder support 24, and a force transmission rod support 25. The outer ring of the wheel hub bearing is fixed by a mold, and radial loading is indirectly applied through the force transmission rod 23 in cooperation with the mold. The radial load loading device primarily uses the loading hydraulic cylinder 21 for loading. The hydraulic cylinder support 24 is bolted to the support platform 41 in the servo-driven X-type folding lifting support device 4 to support the loading hydraulic cylinder 21. The lower flange of the loading hydraulic cylinder 21 is bolted to the hydraulic cylinder support 24 to load the force transmission rod 23. The force sensor 22 is connected at both ends to the loading hydraulic cylinder 21 and the force transmission rod 23 respectively for real-time load measurement. One end of the force transmission rod 23 is connected to the force transmission rod support 25 using a stud connection, preserving a certain degree of rotational freedom to avoid uneven loading force.

[0030] The displacement testing device 3 includes a displacement sensor 31 and a sensor bracket 32. The displacement sensor 31 is mounted on the sensor bracket 32 ​​and is installed perpendicular to the force transmission rod 23. It is used to measure the radial displacement of the position where the load is applied to the force transmission rod 23 in the radial load loading device 2. The sensor bracket 32 ​​is fixed above the support platform 41 in the controllable lifting support device 4 by bolts.

[0031] The servo-driven X-type folding lifting support device 4 includes a support platform 41, a servo cylinder 42, a pulley 43, a cross-type bracket 44, and a base 45. The cross-type bracket 44 adopts an "X-type folding leg" structure design. Its upper end is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support platform 41 by a hinge, ensuring that the support platform can be raised and lowered smoothly when the bracket rotates. The lower end of the bracket 44 is fixedly connected to the pulley 43. The pulley 43 can move horizontally back and forth along a pre-set guide rail on the base 45. The sliding of the pulley drives the two cross rods of the cross-type bracket 44 to rotate relative to each other, thereby driving the support platform 41 to achieve vertical displacement. The upper end of the servo cylinder 42 is connected to the middle hinge point of the two cross rods of the cross-type bracket 44 through a ball joint, and the lower end is also connected to the lower hinge point of one of the cross rods through a ball joint. The double ball joint connection can effectively counteract the lateral force generated during the rotation of the bracket, avoid malfunctions caused by uneven force on the cylinder, and improve the smoothness of the adjustment process. By adjusting the extension and retraction stroke of the servo electric cylinder 42 through the servo control system, the opening and closing angle of the cross bracket 44 can be precisely controlled, thereby realizing the adjustment of the height of the support platform 41 to adapt to different wheel hub sizes and specifications.

[0032] The test method of the variable angle automotive wheel axle mechanical performance test device is as follows: Step 1: Drive the roller through the wheel hub controllable position angle drive device 1 to adjust the wheel hub angle; apply radial load to the wheel hub under test through the radial load loading device 2; adjust the height of the test platform to fit the wheel hub under test through the servo drive X-type folding lifting support device 4; obtain the radial displacement of the load application position through the displacement testing device 3 to the force transmission rod.

[0033] Step 2: Measure the radial load using force sensor 22. Displacement sensor 31 measures the radial displacement at the load application position. The distance between the load application position and the left support point of the force transmission rod 23 was measured. The distance between the left fulcrum of the force transmission rod 23 and the center of the wheel hub to be measured This will give you the 23 deflection angle of the force transmission rod. Further obtain the radial displacement deformation of the wheel hub under test. The radial stiffness of the wheel hub under test can then be obtained. .

[0034] Step 3: Keeping the radial load constant, adjust the hub position angle using the hub controllable position angle drive device 1. By repeating the above steps, the radial stiffness of the hub at different positions and angles can be obtained. Based on radial stiffness and position angle By comparing the relationship curves, the stiffness uniformity of the wheel hub can be obtained, reflecting the load-bearing capacity of the wheel axle of the vehicle under test. By changing the radial load through the radial load loading device and repeating the above operation, the load-bearing capacity and stiffness characteristics of the wheel axle of the vehicle under test under different working conditions can be obtained.

Claims

1. A variable-angle automotive wheel axle mechanical performance testing device, characterized in that, The test platform includes a controllable position angle drive device (1), a radial load loading device (2), a displacement testing device (3), a servo-driven X-type folding lifting support device (4), and a test bench base (5). The controllable position angle drive device (1) is used to monitor and precisely adjust the position angle of the wheel hub. The radial load loading device (2) is used to apply radial load to the test device. The servo-driven X-type folding lifting support device (4) is used to adjust the height of the test platform to adapt to the wheel hub size of different vehicle models. The displacement testing device (3) is located below the force transmission rod to measure the radial displacement data of the force transmission rod. The hub controllable position angle drive device (1) includes a motor (11), a coupling (12), a support bearing seat (13), a support bearing (14), a roller (15), a roller shaft (16), and an encoder (17); the motor (11) is connected to the roller shaft (16) through the coupling (12); the roller (15) is divided into a driving roller and a driven roller, which are arranged side by side, and the hub to be tested is located above the driving roller and the driven roller and is in contact with the surfaces of the two; the driving roller is connected to the roller shaft (16) through a key; the encoder (17) is arranged on the shaft of the driven roller, the inner ring of the encoder (17) is engaged with the shaft, and the outer ring is fixed on the test bench base (5). The inner ring rotates relative to the outer ring to monitor the rotation position angle of the roller (15) and adjust the position angle of the hub according to the transmission ratio between the hub to be tested and the roller (15); The radial load loading device (2) includes a loading hydraulic cylinder (21), a force sensor (22), a force transmission rod (23), a hydraulic cylinder bracket (24), and a force transmission rod bracket (25). The outer ring of the bearing of the wheel hub to be tested is fixed by a mold, and the bearing of the wheel hub to be tested is indirectly radially loaded through one end of the force transmission rod (23) cooperating with the mold. The hydraulic cylinder bracket (24) is fixed on the support platform (41) in the servo-driven X-type folding lifting support device (4) to support the loading hydraulic cylinder (21). The loading end of the loading hydraulic cylinder (21) is located above the force transmission rod (23) for loading. The force sensor (22) is located between the loading hydraulic cylinder (21) and the force transmission rod (23) for real-time measurement of the applied load. The other end of the force transmission rod (23) is connected to the force transmission rod bracket (25). The displacement testing device (3) includes a displacement sensor (31) and a sensor bracket (32). The displacement sensor (31) is mounted on the sensor bracket (32) and is installed perpendicular to the force transmission rod (23). It is used to measure the radial displacement of the position where the load is applied to the force transmission rod (23) in the radial load loading device (2). The sensor bracket (32) is fixed above the support platform (41) in the controllable lifting support device (4). The servo-driven X-type folding lifting support device (4) includes a support platform (41), a servo electric cylinder (42), a pulley (43), a cross bracket (44), and a base (45). The cross bracket (44) adopts an "X-type folding leg" structure design. Its upper end is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support platform (41) by a hinge. The lower end of the cross bracket (44) is connected to the pulley (43). The pulley (43) moves horizontally back and forth along the guide rail preset on the base (45). The sliding of the pulley drives the two cross rods of the cross bracket (44) to rotate relative to each other, thereby driving the support platform (41) to achieve vertical displacement. One end of the servo electric cylinder (42) is connected to the middle hinge point of the two cross rods of the cross bracket (44) through a ball joint, and the other end is connected to the lower hinge point of one of the cross rods through a ball joint. The extension and retraction stroke of the servo electric cylinder (42) is adjusted by the servo control system to control the opening and closing angle of the cross bracket (44), thereby realizing the adjustment of the height of the support platform (41).

2. The variable-angle automotive wheel axle mechanical performance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner ring of the support bearing (14) is installed on the roller shaft (16), and the support bearing seats (13) are distributed on both sides of the roller shaft (16) and fixed on the test bench base (5) to support the roller shaft (16).

3. A test method for a variable-angle automotive wheel axle mechanical performance testing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The steps include the following: Step 1: Drive the roller through the controllable position angle drive device (1) to adjust the angle of the wheel hub to be tested; apply radial load to the wheel hub to be tested through the radial load loading device (2); adjust the height of the test platform to fit the wheel hub to be tested through the controllable lifting support device (3); and obtain the radial displacement of the load application position by applying the load to the force transmission rod through the displacement testing device (4). Step 2: Measure the radial load using the force sensor (22). The displacement sensor (31) measures the radial displacement at the position where the load is applied. The distance between the load application position and the left support point of the force transmission rod (23) was measured. The distance between the left fulcrum of the force transmission rod (23) and the center of the wheel hub to be measured Obtain the deflection angle of the force transmission rod (23). ; Obtain the radial displacement deformation of the wheel hub under test Obtain the radial stiffness of the hub under test. ; Step 3: Keeping the radial load constant, the hub controllable position angle drive device (1) adjusts the hub position angle. Repeat the above steps to obtain the radial stiffness of the hub at different positions and angles. Based on radial stiffness and position angle The stiffness uniformity of the wheel hub is obtained by comparing the relationship curves; the above operation is repeated by changing the radial load through the radial load loading device to obtain the load-bearing capacity and stiffness characteristics of the test vehicle wheel axle under different working conditions.

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