Efficient air-cooling heat dissipation type hydrogen fuel cell

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to an efficient air-cooling heat dissipation type hydrogen fuel cell which comprises two end plates, a cell stack, an air distribution channel, a drainage fan, a flow adjusting assembly and a temperature sensor. A plurality of cathode cavities are divided into cathode cavity groups which can be independently regulated and controlled, and the flow of cooling air flowing to each cavity group is dynamically regulated according to the real-time temperature of each cavity group, so that'on-demand distribution 'and'accurate heat dissipation' of the cooling air quantity are realized; the problems of low heat dissipation efficiency, non-uniform temperature distribution and high cooling energy consumption caused by uniform air supply of the existing air-cooled fuel cell are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fuel cell technology, specifically to a high-efficiency air-cooled heat dissipation type hydrogen fuel cell. Background Technology

[0002] As a highly efficient and clean energy conversion device, the performance and reliability of fuel cells are heavily dependent on operating temperature. Temperature not only affects the electrochemical reaction rate, the conductivity and water content of the proton exchange membrane, but also directly determines the catalyst lifetime and material durability. In actual operation, due to factors such as the distribution of reactant gases, current density distribution, local hydrothermal balance, and manufacturing tolerances, uneven temperature distribution inevitably exists inside the fuel cell stack, forming local "hot spots." These hot spots are the main causes of accelerated membrane electrode degradation, catalyst sintering, and even membrane perforation, becoming a key bottleneck limiting the improvement of fuel cell power density and the extension of lifespan.

[0003] Currently, air-cooled hydrogen fuel cells are widely used in small to medium power applications due to their simplicity and low cost. Their heat dissipation primarily relies on forced convection, using fans to blow or draw cooling air into or through the cathode chamber. However, existing air-cooling solutions mostly employ a uniform airflow mode, meaning all cathode chambers receive approximately the same amount of cooling air. This cooling strategy has a fundamental flaw: to ensure the hottest areas don't overheat, excessive cooling air must be supplied to the entire stack, leading to overcooling of low-temperature areas. This not only wastes fan power but can also cause localized over-humidification or even "flooding." Simultaneously, hot spots may persist due to relatively insufficient cooling. This contradiction results in low heat dissipation efficiency, reduced net system output power, and an inability to fundamentally solve the temperature uniformity problem. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, a high-efficiency air-cooled heat dissipation hydrogen fuel cell is provided. By setting an air distribution mechanism with integrated temperature sensing and intelligent flow distribution on the inlet side of the cathode cavity, multiple cathode cavities are divided into independently adjustable cathode cavity groups. Based on the real-time temperature of each cavity group, the cooling air flow to each cavity group is dynamically adjusted, realizing "on-demand distribution" and "precise heat dissipation" of cooling air volume. This solves the problems of low heat dissipation efficiency, uneven temperature distribution, and high cooling energy consumption caused by uniform air supply in existing air-cooled fuel cells.

[0005] To address the problems of existing technologies, this invention provides a high-efficiency air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell, comprising two end plates and a battery stack disposed between the two end plates. The battery stack has multiple cathode chambers distributed along its stacking direction. Each cathode chamber has an inlet side for cooling air to flow in and an outlet side for air to flow out. The multiple cathode chambers are divided into at least two cathode chamber groups along the stacking direction, each cathode chamber group comprising at least two cathode chambers. The hydrogen fuel cell further includes an air distribution channel disposed on the inlet side of each cathode chamber. The air distribution channel has a main air intake chamber and a distribution manifold communicating with the main air intake chamber. The distribution manifold has multiple independent outlets. Each of the outlet branches corresponds to and connects to one of the cathode cavity groups; a diversion fan is disposed at the inlet of the main air intake chamber to guide air into the main air intake chamber and distribute it to the outlet branch; a flow regulation component is disposed on the air distribution channel and associated with at least one of the outlet branches to independently regulate the flow rate of cooling air delivered to the cathode cavity group via the corresponding outlet branch; a temperature sensor is provided in each of the cathode cavity groups, with the working end of the temperature sensor extending into the interior of the corresponding cathode cavity group; and an airflow distribution system is electrically connected to the diversion fan, the flow regulation component, and the temperature sensor.

[0006] Preferably, the air distribution channel further includes an air extraction manifold, which is in fluid communication with the inlet area of ​​each of the outlet branches, and a Venturi cavity is formed in the outlet branch of the air distribution channel; the throat of the Venturi cavity is connected to a suction branch, which is in communication with the air extraction manifold; the flow regulating component includes a flow valve disposed on the suction branch.

[0007] Preferably, the flow regulating component further includes a throat regulating member disposed in the larynx of the Venturi cavity, through which the cross-sectional area of ​​the larynx of the Venturi cavity is adjusted.

[0008] Preferably, the throat adjustment component includes at least one pair of adjustment plates and an adjustment drive mechanism for driving the adjustment plates to move; the at least one pair of adjustment plates are disposed opposite to each other on both sides of the venturi throat and can move closer to or further away from each other in a transverse direction perpendicular to the dominant airflow direction in the outlet branch under the drive of the adjustment drive mechanism, so as to change the effective flow cross-sectional area of ​​the venturi throat; the drive mechanism is disposed on the inner wall of the outlet branch.

[0009] Preferably, the throat of the Venturi cavity is provided with two throat plates that are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the outlet branch and are positioned vertically opposite each other. An elastic reset element is provided between the two throat plates. An adjusting plate has an inner inclined surface that slides with the outer side of the throat plates. The throat plates elastically abut against the inner inclined surface of the adjusting plate. When the adjusting plate moves laterally, the cross-sectional area of ​​the throat of the Venturi cavity is adjusted.

[0010] Preferably, a connecting pipe is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the outlet branch, and the outer end of the connecting pipe is connected to the flow valve; the suction branch is integrally formed or fixedly provided on the back side of the adjusting plate facing the inner wall of the outlet branch; the suction branch has a tubular structure that is coaxially aligned with and slidably sleeved with the connecting pipe, so that when the adjusting plate moves laterally, the suction branch can slide coaxially with the connecting pipe and always maintain fluid communication with the flow valve.

[0011] Preferably, the adjustment drive mechanism includes an electromagnetic drive unit; the electromagnetic drive unit includes an electromagnetic coil coaxially fixedly mounted on the outside of the connecting tube; the suction branch extends to one end inside the connecting tube, forming or connecting an armature made of magnetically conductive material; wherein, the electromagnetic coil, the armature and the connecting tube are coaxially arranged, and the magnetic force generated when the electromagnetic coil is energized can drive the armature, together with the suction branch and the adjustment plate, to move along the axial direction of the connecting tube.

[0012] Preferably, a positioning ring is provided on the outer periphery of the suction branch, and an elastic adjustment element is also sleeved on the suction branch, the elastic adjustment element being located between the end of the connecting tube and the positioning ring.

[0013] Preferably, the connecting pipe forms a first stepped annular surface towards the inner end of the suction branch, and the suction branch forms a second stepped annular surface towards the outer end of the connecting pipe. The first stepped annular surface and the second stepped annular surface are arranged facing each other and can abut against each other at the moving stroke ends of the adjusting plate and the suction branch to form a mechanical limit for axial movement.

[0014] Preferably, an air filter is provided at the inlet of the main air intake chamber of the air distribution channel.

[0015] The advantages of this application compared to the prior art are:

[0016] This application divides multiple cathode cavities into independently adjustable cathode cavity groups by installing an air distribution mechanism with integrated temperature sensing and intelligent flow distribution on the cathode cavity inlet side. Based on the real-time temperature of each cavity group, the cooling airflow to each cavity group is dynamically adjusted, achieving "on-demand distribution" and "precise heat dissipation" of cooling airflow. Thus, without changing the total airflow, localized hot spots are effectively eliminated, significantly improving heat dissipation efficiency and temperature uniformity, reducing cooling system energy consumption, and enhancing the operational reliability and lifespan of the fuel cell stack. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a high-efficiency air-cooled heat dissipation type hydrogen fuel cell according to the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of a high-efficiency air-cooled heat dissipation hydrogen fuel cell according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a high-efficiency air-cooled heat dissipation hydrogen fuel cell according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A magnified view of part A.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional exploded view of a high-efficiency air-cooled heat dissipation hydrogen fuel cell according to the present invention from a first perspective.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional exploded view of a high-efficiency air-cooled heat dissipation hydrogen fuel cell according to the present invention from a second perspective.

[0023] Figure 7 This is an exploded three-dimensional view of the air distribution channel in a high-efficiency air-cooled heat dissipation hydrogen fuel cell according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a perspective view of the outlet branch in a high-efficiency air-cooled heat dissipation hydrogen fuel cell according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the throat plate and regulating plate in a high-efficiency air-cooled heat dissipation hydrogen fuel cell according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 10 This is an exploded perspective view of the flow regulation component in a high-efficiency air-cooled heat dissipation hydrogen fuel cell according to the present invention.

[0027] The following are the labels in the diagram: 1. End plate; 2. Battery stack; 21. Cathode cavity; 3. Air distribution channel; 31. Main air intake cavity; 32. Outlet branch; 321. Venturi cavity; 322. Suction branch; 3221. Armature; 3222. Second stepped toroidal surface; 323. Throat plate; 324. Elastic reset element; 325. Connecting pipe; 3251. First stepped toroidal surface; 326. Positioning ring; 327. Elastic adjustment element; 33. Suction manifold; 34. Air filter; 4. Drain fan; 5. Flow regulation assembly; 51. Flow valve; 52. Adjustment plate; 53. Adjustment drive mechanism; 6. Temperature sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To further understand the features, technical means, and specific objectives and functions achieved by the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0029] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, a high-efficiency air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell includes two end plates 1 and a battery stack 2 disposed between the two end plates 1. The battery stack 2 has a plurality of cathode chambers 21 distributed along its stacking direction. Each cathode chamber 21 has an inlet side for cooling air to flow in and an outlet side for air to flow out. The plurality of cathode chambers 21 are divided into at least two cathode chamber groups along the stacking direction, and each cathode chamber group includes at least two cathode chambers 21. The hydrogen fuel cell further includes an air distribution channel 3 disposed on the inlet side of each cathode chamber 21. The air distribution channel 3 has a main air intake chamber 31 and a distribution manifold communicating with the main air intake chamber 31. The distribution manifold has a plurality of independent outlet branches 32. Each of the outlet branches 32 corresponds to and connects to one of the cathode cavity groups; a diversion fan 4 is disposed at the inlet of the main air intake 31 to guide air into the main air intake 31 and divert it to the outlet branches 32; a flow regulating component 5 is disposed on the air distribution channel 3 and associated with at least one of the outlet branches 32 to independently regulate the flow rate of cooling air delivered to the cathode cavity group via the corresponding outlet branch 32; a temperature sensor 6 is provided in each of the cathode cavity groups, and the working end of the temperature sensor 6 extends into the interior of the corresponding cathode cavity group; an airflow distribution system is electrically connected to the diversion fan 4, the flow regulating component 5, and the temperature sensor 6.

[0030] The airflow distribution system is a closed-loop automatic control system based on temperature feedback. It is electrically connected to the exhaust fan 4, flow regulation components 5, and temperature sensors 6. Temperature sensors 6 are distributed in each cathode cavity group to monitor the temperature in real time. The airflow distribution system includes a central controller: it receives temperature signals, compares them with preset values, and calculates the required total airflow and the airflow distribution ratio of each branch through an embedded algorithm (such as PID). The total airflow is controlled by adjusting the rotation speed of the exhaust fan. The airflow entering the corresponding cathode cavity group is precisely controlled by independently adjusting the opening of each flow regulation component (such as dampers / valve). The system continuously runs a closed-loop process of "monitoring temperature, controller calculation, adjusting fans and dampers, changing cooling effect, and temperature feedback" to achieve dynamic and adaptive intelligent heat dissipation and ensure uniform and stable battery stack temperature.

[0031] A high-efficiency air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell achieves precise thermal management of the internal temperature field of the fuel cell stack through an airflow distribution system. The cell includes two end plates 1 and a fuel cell stack 2 encapsulated therebetween. Multiple cathode cavities 21 are formed within the fuel cell stack 2, arranged along the stacking direction, serving as key channels for cooling air flow and electrochemical reactions. Each cathode cavity 21 has an inlet side for cooling air to flow in and an outlet side for cooling air to flow out.

[0032] To achieve precise temperature control by zone, multiple cathode chambers 21 are divided into several cathode chamber groups along the stacking direction. Each group contains at least two adjacent cathode chambers 21, forming an independent thermal management unit. An air distribution channel system 3 is integrated on the inlet side of the cathode chamber 21 of the fuel cell. This system includes a main air intake chamber 31, with a guide fan 4 at its inlet to generate and guide cooling airflow. Downstream of the main air intake chamber 31 is a distribution manifold, which is designed with multiple independent and isolated outlet branches 32, each dedicated to supplying cooling air to a specific cathode chamber group.

[0033] The core of this system's intelligence lies in the integration of sensing and execution components. Each cathode cavity group is equipped with a temperature sensor 6, whose probe extends directly into the cavity to monitor the operating temperature of that area in real time. Simultaneously, a flow regulation component 5 is installed on the air distribution channel 3, corresponding to at least one outlet branch 32. This component can independently and precisely adjust the cooling airflow through its associated branch based on the temperature feedback signal of the corresponding cathode cavity group.

[0034] After the system starts, the exhaust fan 4 draws ambient air into the main intake chamber 31 and distributes it to each outlet branch 32 for basic cooling of each cathode cavity group. Temperature sensors 6, distributed within each cathode cavity group, continuously collect temperature data. When the temperature of a cathode cavity group rises and exceeds a set threshold due to severe local reaction or insufficient heat dissipation, the airflow distribution system responds immediately. The system drives the flow regulation component 5 corresponding to the high-temperature area to increase the airflow in its outlet branch 32; simultaneously, it can adjust the flow rate of branches flowing to areas with normal or lower temperatures, thereby achieving dynamic redistribution of cooling airflow from the low-temperature zone to the high-temperature zone. This process forms a closed-loop control until the temperature of each area returns to a balanced and ideal range.

[0035] like Figures 5 to 8 As shown, the air distribution channel 3 also includes an air extraction manifold 33, which is in fluid communication with the inlet area of ​​the outlet branch 32. A venturi cavity 321 is formed in the outlet branch 32 of the air distribution channel 3. The throat of the venturi cavity 321 is connected to a suction branch 322, which is in communication with the air extraction manifold 33. The flow regulating component 5 includes a flow valve 51 disposed on the suction branch 322.

[0036] In the high-efficiency air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell, the air distribution channel 3 further includes an air extraction manifold 33. This air extraction manifold 33 maintains fluid communication with the inlet regions at the starting ends of each of the outlet branches 32, thereby collecting the air at the inlets of all branches.

[0037] To further achieve active and efficient flow regulation, a Venturi cavity 321 is constructed in the internal flow channel of each outlet branch 32. The constricted throat of the Venturi cavity 321 connects to a suction branch 322. The other end of this suction branch 322 is connected to the suction manifold 33.

[0038] Based on this structure, the execution unit of the flow regulating component 5—the flow valve 51—is located on this suction branch 322. By controlling the opening of the flow valve 51, the amount of auxiliary air drawn from the suction manifold 33 to the throat of the venturi cavity 321 via the suction branch 322 can be directly adjusted.

[0039] When the system is operating normally, the main airflow provided by the exhaust fan 4 passes through the venturi cavity 321 in the outlet branch 32, generating negative pressure at the throat. If the temperature of a cathode cavity group (e.g., group A) rises, the airflow distribution system will increase the opening of the flow valve 51 of the corresponding branch. At this time, the negative pressure at the throat of the venturi cavity 321 of that branch will forcefully draw additional air from the exhaust manifold 33 through the open suction branch 322. Since the exhaust manifold 33 is connected to the inlet of all outlet branches 32, this part of the drawn air actually comes from the total air source of the system. As a result, without significantly increasing the power consumption of the main fan, the total flow rate of cooling air flowing through the high-temperature cavity group A (main flow rate plus exhaust flow rate) is significantly increased, achieving enhanced cooling of this area. At the same time, by coordinating the opening and closing of the valves in each branch, the transfer and distribution of cooling airflow between different areas can be flexibly realized.

[0040] like Figure 4 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the flow regulating component 5 also includes a throat adjusting member disposed in the throat of the Venturi cavity 321, which adjusts the cross-sectional area of ​​the throat of the Venturi cavity 321.

[0041] The system's intelligent regulation is divided into two collaborative levels. The first level is based on the ejector volume regulation using flow valve 51, as described above. The second level is based on the throat cross-sectional area regulation using the throat regulator. When the stack's operating conditions change significantly, such as when the total load or total cooling airflow changes, the fixed throat size may cause the Venturi tube to deviate from its optimal operating point. In this case, the airflow distribution system can instruct the throat regulator to actuate and fine-tune the throat area. For example, when the total airflow decreases, the throat can be appropriately contracted to maintain sufficient throat velocity and ejector negative pressure; when extreme cooling enhancement is required in a certain area, a coordinated operation can be performed: first, slightly enlarge the throat area of ​​that branch to accommodate the upcoming increase in flow, and then fully open flow valve 51 for maximum capacity ejection. This coordinated control of throat area and valve opening ensures that the Venturi ejector always operates within its high-efficiency range, thereby achieving a more precise and energy-efficient dynamic distribution of cooling airflow. Figure 4 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the throat adjustment component includes at least one pair of adjustment plates 52 and an adjustment drive mechanism 53 for driving the adjustment plates 52 to move; the at least one pair of adjustment plates 52 are disposed opposite to each other on both sides of the throat of the Venturi cavity 321, and can move closer or further away from each other in a transverse direction perpendicular to the dominant airflow direction in the outlet branch 32 under the drive of the adjustment drive mechanism 53, so as to change the effective flow cross-sectional area of ​​the throat of the Venturi cavity 321; the drive mechanism is disposed on the inner wall of the outlet branch 32.

[0042] A pair of regulating plates 52 are positioned opposite each other on either side of the throat of the venturi cavity 321, forming the movable boundary of the throat's variable cross-section. An regulating drive mechanism 53 is securely mounted on the inner wall of the outlet branch 32 and directly connected to the regulating plates 52. Under the control of the regulating drive mechanism 53, the regulating plates 52 can move synchronously towards or away from each other in a transverse direction perpendicular to the dominant airflow direction within the outlet branch 32. When they approach each other, the effective flow cross-sectional area of ​​the throat decreases; when they move away from each other, the effective flow cross-sectional area of ​​the throat increases. Through this symmetrical transverse movement, continuous and linear adjustment of the throat opening size is achieved.

[0043] When the airflow distribution system determines, based on its algorithm, that the throat characteristics of a particular branch need adjustment, it sends a command to the adjustment drive mechanism 53 of that branch. The adjustment drive mechanism 53 (e.g., a miniature linear motor or piezoelectric actuator) then outputs a precise displacement, pushing the two adjustment plates 52 to slide along the transverse track. For example, when it is necessary to increase the ejector sensitivity of this branch, the drive mechanism slightly moves the adjustment plates 52 closer together, narrowing the throat, thereby achieving a higher throat velocity and stronger suction negative pressure at the same main flow rate. The entire adjustment process is smooth and rapid, and because the drive mechanism is built into the flow channel wall, its compact structure does not interfere with the main airflow pattern.

[0044] like Figure 4 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the throat of the Venturi cavity 321 is provided with two throat plates 323 that are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the outlet branch 32 and are positioned vertically opposite each other. An elastic reset element 324 is provided between the two throat plates 323. The adjusting plate 52 has an inner inclined surface that slides with the outer side of the throat plates 323. The throat plates 323 elastically abut against the inner inclined surface of the adjusting plate 52. When the adjusting plate 52 moves laterally, the cross-sectional area of ​​the throat of the Venturi cavity 321 is adjusted.

[0045] One edge of each throat plate 323 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the outlet branch 32, while its other edge is free to swing. The opposite sides of the two throat plates 323 are connected by an elastic reset element 324, giving them a tendency to expand outward.

[0046] When the adjusting plate 52 moves laterally under the action of the driving mechanism, the position of the inner inclined surface changes accordingly. This change forces the outer side of the throat plate 323, which abuts against it, to slide along the inclined surface. Since the throat plate 323 can only rotate around the axis of rotation of its upper edge, the displacement generated by the sliding of the inclined surface is converted into the rotational opening and closing motion of the lower part of the throat plate 323, thereby precisely adjusting the throat flow cross-sectional area enclosed by the lower parts of the two throat plates 323.

[0047] Throughout the adjustment stroke, the outer edge of the throat plate 323 maintains sliding contact with the inner inclined surface of the adjusting plate 52, while the side of the throat plate 323 maintains a tight fit or minimal clearance fit with the inner wall of the outlet branch 32. This design ensures that, in any adjustment position, the throat plate 323 effectively seals any gaps that may exist between the adjusting plate 52 and the inner wall of the outlet branch 32, preventing airflow from short-circuiting and leaking from non-mainstream channels (such as the cavity behind the adjusting mechanism), and ensuring that all cooling air must flow through the controlled throat passage defined by the throat plate 323.

[0048] The lateral movement of the regulating plate 52 is an active input, which is converted into the rotational output of the throat plate 323 through the inclined plane-rotating shaft mechanism. The elastic reset element 324 provides the necessary preload to ensure continuous contact between the throat plate 323 and the inclined plane and sidewall. Regardless of the throat opening, under the combined action of elastic force, airflow pressure, and contact friction, the throat plate 323 forms a dynamic seal between its side edge and the flow channel wall, effectively blocking potential leakage paths. For example, when the throat opening is increased, the regulating plate 52 moves to the left, the inclined plane pushes the upper end of the throat plate 323 outward, and the lower end of the throat plate 323 rotates inward to open, while the side edge of the throat plate 323 slides along the flow channel wall and maintains a seal.

[0049] like Figure 4 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, a connecting pipe 325 is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the outlet branch 32, and the outer end of the connecting pipe 325 is connected to the flow valve 51; the suction branch 322 is integrally formed or fixedly provided on the back side of the adjusting plate 52 facing the inner wall of the outlet branch 32; the suction branch 322 has a tubular structure that is coaxially aligned with and slidably sleeved with the connecting pipe 325, so that when the adjusting plate 52 moves laterally, the suction branch 322 can slide coaxially with the connecting pipe 325 and always maintain fluid communication with the flow valve 51.

[0050] The suction branch 322 is integrated with the movable adjusting plate 52. It can be integrally formed with the adjusting plate 52, or it can be fixedly connected to the back of the adjusting plate 52 facing the inner wall of the outlet branch 32. The suction branch 322 is constructed as a tubular structure, its axis strictly coaxially aligned with the axis of the fixed connecting pipe 325, and its inner or outer diameter is designed to form a precise sliding fit with the outer or inner wall of the connecting pipe 325.

[0051] When the regulating drive mechanism 53 drives the regulating plate 52 to move laterally, thereby adjusting the throat cross-sectional area of ​​the venturi cavity 321 via the throat plate 323, the suction branch 322 integrated on its back can move along with it. During the movement, the tubular portion of the suction branch 322 slides coaxially along the fixed connecting pipe 325, like a piston sliding inside a cylinder liner, but always maintaining the continuity of the pipe. Therefore, regardless of the lateral position of the regulating plate 52, the airflow from the flow valve 51 can be delivered uninterruptedly to the throat of the venturi cavity 321 through the continuous path of the fixed connecting pipe 325 and the sliding suction branch 322, ensuring a continuous and stable supply of ejector gas.

[0052] like Figure 4 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the adjustment drive mechanism 53 includes an electromagnetic drive unit; the electromagnetic drive unit includes an electromagnetic coil coaxially fixedly mounted on the outside of the connecting tube 325; the suction branch 322 extends to one end inside the connecting tube 325, forming or connecting an armature 3221 made of magnetically conductive material; wherein, the electromagnetic coil, the armature 3221 and the connecting tube 325 are coaxially arranged, and the magnetic force generated when the electromagnetic coil is energized can drive the armature 3221, together with the suction branch 322 and the adjustment plate 52, to move along the axial direction of the connecting tube 325.

[0053] The electromagnetic drive unit includes an electromagnetic coil, which is coaxially and fixedly mounted on the outside of the connecting tube 325. The connecting tube 325 serves not only as a fluid channel but also as the skeleton of the electromagnetic coil and part of the magnetic circuit.

[0054] The armature 3221 is directly formed from one end of the suction branch 322 extending into the interior of the connecting tube 325, or is securely connected to that end. Therefore, the armature 3221, the suction branch 322, and the adjusting plate 52 are mechanically fixed as a single moving component.

[0055] The electromagnetic coil, the armature 3221, and the connecting pipe 325, which serves as the core guide shaft, are coaxially arranged. When the airflow distribution system applies a control current to the electromagnetic coil, the coil generates a magnetic field. This magnetic field acts on the magnetically conductive armature 3221, generating a magnetic attraction or magnetic thrust along the axial direction of the connecting pipe 325. This magnetic force directly drives the armature 3221, thereby driving the integrated suction branch 322 and the adjusting plate 52 to perform precise linear displacement as a rigid whole along the axial direction of the connecting pipe 325 (i.e., the required lateral movement direction of the adjusting plate 52).

[0056] When the cooling intensity of a cathode cavity needs to be adjusted, the controller calculates the required throat opening and the corresponding target position of the adjusting plate 52 based on the temperature difference. Subsequently, a current of a specific magnitude and direction is output to the electromagnetic coil of the corresponding branch. The magnetic force generated by the coil drives the armature 3221 and the entire moving assembly to move axially. The displacement of the adjusting plate 52 is converted into the rotation of the throat plate 323 through the inclined plane mechanism, changing the throat area; simultaneously, the sliding of the suction branch 322 within the connecting pipe 325 ensures continuous airflow. Electromagnetic drive has advantages such as fast response speed (millisecond level), precise displacement control (controlled by current or pulse), and no mechanically worn parts (non-contact drive). The drive process is smooth, and closed-loop position control can be achieved through sensor feedback.

[0057] like Figure 4 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, a positioning ring 326 is provided on the outer periphery of the suction branch 322, and an elastic adjustment element 327 is also sleeved on the suction branch 322. The elastic adjustment element 327 is located between the end of the connecting tube 325 and the positioning ring 326.

[0058] When the electromagnetic coil drives the armature 3221, the suction branch 322, and the adjusting plate 52 to move axially along the connecting pipe 325, the positioning ring 326 fixed on the suction branch 322 moves synchronously. This movement changes the distance between the positioning ring 326 and the end of the connecting pipe 325, thereby further compressing or releasing the elastic adjusting element 327 between them. The elastic force generated by the compression of the elastic adjusting element 327 can assist the moving components to quickly and smoothly return to their initial position when the electromagnetic force is removed.

[0059] like Figure 4 , Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, the connecting pipe 325 forms a first stepped annular surface 3251 at the inner end of the suction branch 322, and the suction branch 322 forms a second stepped annular surface 3222 at the outer end of the connecting pipe 325. The first stepped annular surface 3251 and the second stepped annular surface 3222 are arranged opposite to each other and can abut against each other at the moving stroke end of the adjusting plate 52 and the suction branch 322 to form a mechanical limit for axial movement.

[0060] Within the normal adjustment range, the suction branch 322 slides within the connecting pipe 325, maintaining a certain gap between the first stepped annular surface 3251 and the second stepped annular surface 3222, without interfering with each other. When the adjusting plate 52 needs to be moved to its extreme position (e.g., corresponding to the throat being fully open or fully closed), the electromagnetic coil continuously applies a driving force, pushing the moving component until the second stepped annular surface 3222 at the end of the suction branch 322 is tightly fitted with the first stepped annular surface 3251 at the end of the connecting pipe 325. At this time, the contact force between the annular surfaces is directly transmitted and resists the electromagnetic driving force, preventing further movement of the component. This hard limit provides the airflow distribution system with a reliable absolute physical position reference point without sensor feedback. For example, during initialization or calibration, the system can drive the component until the limit is triggered, thereby establishing a zero-point reference for displacement.

[0061] like Figure 7 As shown, an air filter 34 is provided at the inlet of the main air intake chamber 31 of the air distribution channel 3.

[0062] When the exhaust fan 4 is operating, ambient air is drawn into the system. The air first flows through the air filter 34, where solid particulate contaminants are trapped in the pores on the outside or inside of the filter. The purified air then enters the main intake chamber 31 and, through precision channels such as the distribution manifold and the Venturi ejector mechanism, is finally delivered to each cathode cavity group for cooling. This process continues to ensure a clean cooling medium is provided to the core heat dissipation area of ​​the fuel cell stack.

[0063] The above embodiments only illustrate one or more implementations of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell, comprising two end plates and a fuel cell stack disposed between the two end plates, wherein the fuel cell stack has a plurality of cathode cavities distributed along its stacking direction, each cathode cavity having an inlet side for cooling air to flow into and an outlet side for cooling air to flow out, characterized in that: The plurality of cathode cavities are divided into at least two cathode cavity groups along the stacking direction, and the cathode cavity group includes at least two cathode cavities; The hydrogen fuel cell also includes: An air distribution channel is provided on the inlet side of the cathode cavity. The air distribution channel has a main air intake cavity and a distribution manifold communicating with the main air intake cavity. The distribution manifold has multiple independent outlet branches, and each outlet branch corresponds to and is connected to one of the cathode cavity groups. A diversion fan is installed at the inlet of the main air intake chamber to guide air into the main air intake chamber and divert it to the outlet branch. A flow regulation component, disposed on the air distribution channel and associated with at least one of the outlet branches, is used to independently regulate the flow rate of cooling air delivered to the cathode cavity assembly via the corresponding outlet branch; Temperature sensor, each of the cathode cavity groups is equipped with at least one temperature sensor, the working end of the temperature sensor extending into the corresponding cathode cavity group; The airflow distribution system is electrically connected to the exhaust fan, flow regulation component, and temperature sensor.

2. The high-efficiency air-cooled heat dissipation hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air distribution channel also includes an air extraction manifold, which is in fluid communication with the inlet area of ​​each of the outlet branches. A Venturi cavity is formed in the outlet branch of the air distribution channel. The throat of the Venturi cavity is connected to a suction branch, which is in communication with the air extraction manifold. The flow regulation component includes a flow valve disposed on the suction branch.

3. A high-efficiency air-cooled heat dissipation hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flow regulation assembly also includes a throat adjustment component disposed in the throat of the Venturi cavity, which adjusts the cross-sectional area of ​​the throat of the Venturi cavity.

4. A high-efficiency air-cooled heat dissipation hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 3, characterized in that, The throat adjustment component includes at least one pair of adjustment plates and an adjustment drive mechanism for driving the adjustment plates to move. The at least one pair of adjustment plates are disposed opposite to each other on both sides of the venturi throat, and can move closer or further apart from each other in a transverse direction perpendicular to the dominant airflow direction in the outlet branch under the drive of the adjustment drive mechanism, so as to change the effective flow cross-sectional area of ​​the venturi throat. The drive mechanism is located on the inner wall of the outlet branch.

5. A high-efficiency air-cooled heat dissipation hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 4, characterized in that, The throat of the Venturi cavity is provided with two throat plates that are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the outlet branch and are positioned vertically opposite each other. An elastic reset element is provided between the two throat plates. An adjusting plate has an inner inclined surface that slides with the outer side of the throat plates. The throat plates elastically abut against the inner inclined surface of the adjusting plate. When the adjusting plate moves laterally, the cross-sectional area of ​​the throat of the Venturi cavity is adjusted.

6. A high-efficiency air-cooled heat dissipation hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, A connecting pipe is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the outlet branch, and the outer end of the connecting pipe is connected to the flow valve. The suction branch is integrally formed or fixedly installed on the back side of the adjusting plate facing the inner wall of the outlet branch; The suction branch has a tubular structure that is coaxially aligned with and slidably sleeved with the connecting pipe, so that when the adjusting plate moves laterally, the suction branch can slide coaxially with the connecting pipe and always maintain fluid communication with the flow valve.

7. A high-efficiency air-cooled heat dissipation hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 6, characterized in that, The adjustment drive mechanism includes an electromagnetic drive unit; The electromagnetic drive unit includes an electromagnetic coil that is coaxially fixedly mounted on the outside of the connecting pipe. The suction branch extends to one end inside the connecting tube, forming or connecting an armature made of magnetic material; The electromagnetic coil, the armature, and the connecting pipe are coaxially arranged. When the electromagnetic coil is energized, the magnetic force generated can drive the armature, along with the suction branch and the adjusting plate, to move along the axial direction of the connecting pipe.

8. A high-efficiency air-cooled heat dissipation hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 7, characterized in that, A positioning ring is provided on the outer periphery of the suction branch, and an elastic adjustment element is also sleeved on the suction branch. The elastic adjustment element is located between the end of the connecting tube and the positioning ring.

9. A high-efficiency air-cooled heat dissipation hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 7, characterized in that, The connecting pipe forms a first stepped annular surface at the inner end of the suction branch, and the suction branch forms a second stepped annular surface at the outer end of the connecting pipe. The first stepped annular surface and the second stepped annular surface are arranged facing each other and can abut against each other at the moving stroke end of the adjusting plate and the suction branch to form a mechanical limit for axial movement.

10. A high-efficiency air-cooled heat dissipation hydrogen fuel cell according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, An air filter is installed at the inlet of the main air intake chamber of the air distribution channel.

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