Photovoltaic power supply station communication management method, device and equipment based on power line carrier

Abstract

The invention discloses a photovoltaic power supply station communication management method, device and equipment based on a power line carrier, and relates to the technical field of photovoltaic communication. The method comprises the following steps: identifying system power supply parameters, and adaptively accessing 220V or 380V power supply through a double-voltage input circuit; distributing an independent network stack for the inverter group by using an embedded network namespace mechanism, and isolating network resources; data are collected in a non-contact inductive coupling mode and are transmitted through a safety protocol after being processed by a power line carrier power amplifier circuit; running a kernel load balancer in the centralized management equipment, and allocating requests and executing protocol conversion based on a scheduling strategy; and inputting real-time monitoring data into the fault diagnosis model for analysis and early warning, and dynamically adjusting electric field parameters. According to the invention, the problems of poor power supply adaptability, weak network resource isolation, tedious acquisition construction and insufficient intelligent operation and maintenance capability in the prior art are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic communication technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus and equipment for communication management of photovoltaic power stations based on power line carrier. Background Technology

[0002] With the transformation of the global energy structure, photovoltaic (PV) power generation has experienced explosive growth in installed capacity due to its clean and renewable characteristics. In the construction and operation and maintenance of distributed PV power plants, the communication management system, as a key hub connecting PV equipment and the dispatch center, directly determines the operation and maintenance efficiency and power generation revenue of the power plant through its stability and intelligence level.

[0003] The communication acquisition and management of photovoltaic power stations mainly rely on traditional concentrators or data acquisition devices. In practical applications, these traditional solutions face numerous challenges. First, regarding power supply adaptability, the voltage environment at photovoltaic power stations is complex and variable, with situations involving the mixing of 220V single-phase AC and 380V three-phase AC. Existing acquisition equipment typically only supports a single voltage input, requiring additional transformer adapters for different voltage levels, increasing installation complexity and hardware costs. Regarding communication connections and data acquisition methods, existing wired communication (such as RS485) requires laying numerous dedicated communication cables, which is cumbersome and susceptible to environmental aging. Traditional power line communication (PLC) technology often uses contact coupling, requiring stripping or connecting high-voltage cables during installation, posing a risk of electric shock and often necessitating power outages, severely impacting the normal operation of the power station. Furthermore, at the system architecture level, most existing photovoltaic communication managers adopt a flat network architecture, lacking effective internal resource isolation mechanisms. When a photovoltaic inverter experiences a network storm or communication failure, it can easily affect the entire communication network, causing the concentrator to crash or the entire station's communication to be interrupted.

[0004] With the surge in the number of connected devices at a single site, data concurrency is increasing exponentially. Existing management equipment often employs simple polling mechanisms or single-threaded processing modes, lacking efficient load scheduling capabilities and easily leading to data congestion and packet loss. Simultaneously, traditional operation and maintenance models heavily rely on manual periodic inspections or reactive responses after faults, lacking intelligent diagnostic and predictive capabilities based on multi-dimensional data. This prevents effective early warning before faults occur, resulting in delayed fault handling and directly impacting the power generation efficiency and economic benefits of photovoltaic power plants.

[0005] In summary, existing photovoltaic (PV) power station communication management technologies are insufficient to meet the centralized management needs of large-scale, highly complex PV power plants due to their reliance on a single power supply method, high installation and maintenance risks, weak system anti-interference and isolation capabilities, and inadequate intelligence. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a PV power station communication management technology solution that can adapt to complex power supply environments and possesses high security isolation and intelligent scheduling capabilities. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a method, apparatus, and equipment for communication management of photovoltaic power stations based on power line carrier communication, solving the problems of poor power supply adaptability, weak network resource isolation, cumbersome data acquisition and construction, and insufficient intelligent operation and maintenance capabilities in existing technologies. To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of this invention adopt the following technical solutions: The first aspect of this application provides a communication management method for photovoltaic power stations based on power line carrier communication, the method comprising: The system identifies the power parameters and adaptively connects to 220VAC or 380V AC power supply according to the system power parameters through a dual voltage input circuit, as well as loading the network driver and real-time clock of the embedded operating system. By utilizing the network namespace mechanism of the embedded operating system, an independent network stack is allocated to the photovoltaic inverter group, and network devices, IP addresses and routing tables are configured to isolate network resources between different photovoltaic inverter groups; The system uses a non-contact inductive coupling method to collect operating data from multiple strings of photovoltaic panels. It then uses a power line carrier power amplifier circuit to amplify and level-convert the electrical signals corresponding to the collected operating data, and transmits the operating data to a centralized management device through a transmission layer security protocol. A kernel load balancer runs in the centralized management device to receive data requests, distributes the data requests to the backend photovoltaic data server cluster based on a preset scheduling strategy, and performs the conversion between the photovoltaic device's private protocol and the scheduling platform's standard protocol. The system monitors the power generation and environmental parameters of the photovoltaic system in real time, inputs the power generation and environmental parameters as monitoring data into a preset fault diagnosis model for analysis, generates fault warnings when an anomaly is detected, and adjusts the photovoltaic electric field parameters through the control interface.

[0007] In one possible design approach, the system power parameters are identified, and a dual-voltage input circuit adaptively connects to either 220V AC or 380V AC power supply based on these parameters, including: The input voltage is received through the ABCN interface of the power input terminal, and when a 220V AC input is detected, the A phase line is connected to the live wire. The input voltage is filtered using a two-stage EMI circuit, where the withstand voltage of capacitor X is set to be greater than or equal to 537V to match the peak voltage of the 380V AC input. A high-frequency flyback transformer is used to step down the input voltage to generate a primary power output. The primary power supply output is converted into secondary power supply through a step-down topology, and a low-dropout linear regulator is used to power the system-level power supply and various peripheral components respectively.

[0008] In one possible design approach, the number of primary turns of the high-frequency flyback transformer is calculated based on the minimum input voltage, maximum duty cycle, operating magnetic flux density, effective core cross-sectional area, and switching frequency to ensure that the core remains unsaturated and the duty cycle is within a preset range under a wide input range of 380V AC and 220V AC.

[0009] In one possible design approach, the network namespace mechanism of an embedded operating system is used to allocate independent network stacks to the photovoltaic inverter group, including: Create multiple network namespaces at the kernel level of the embedded operating system and configure independent firewall rules for each network namespace; Each inverter in the photovoltaic inverter group is mapped to a corresponding network namespace. When a fault is detected in an inverter, the impact of the fault is limited to the current network namespace. Based on maintenance needs, network devices can be temporarily added or removed to specific network namespaces through a dynamic loading mechanism without restarting the system.

[0010] In one possible design approach, a kernel load balancer is run in a centrally managed device to receive data requests, including: The IPVS load balancer located in the photovoltaic communication system scheduling layer is enabled as the kernel load balancer, and cross-network segment communication is achieved through IP tunnel encapsulation technology. Receive data requests from the monitoring terminal and use a weighted round-robin strategy or a least-connection strategy to calculate the real-time load of each photovoltaic data server in the backend photovoltaic data server cluster; Based on the calculation results, data requests are distributed to the photovoltaic data server with the lowest load, and the protocol stack and driver are loaded as needed to complete the conversion between the photovoltaic equipment's private protocol and the scheduling platform's standard protocol.

[0011] In one possible design approach, non-contact inductive coupling is used to collect operational data from multiple strings of photovoltaic panels, including: A coil with a spiral structure formed by winding a magnetic material core is inserted into the output cable of multiple strings of photovoltaic panels in a non-contact manner. Communication signals corresponding to sensing operation data based on the principles of electromagnetic induction and mutual inductance; The sensed communication signal is input to the power line carrier power amplifier circuit. The output power is controlled through a negative feedback adjustment mechanism to ensure that the total harmonic distortion of the communication signal is less than the preset distortion threshold. The signal at the transmitting end is also processed to make the differential gain reach the preset gain value.

[0012] In one possible design approach, after transmitting the runtime data to the centralized management device via a transport layer security protocol, the following is also included: Configure multi-mode Internet access and detect the current network connection status. When network transmission via Ethernet interface, Wi-Fi module or LTE communication module is interrupted, automatically trigger the breakpoint resume mechanism. The collected operational data is temporarily stored in the local cache, and the cached data will be uploaded first after the network is restored; The system clock deviation is periodically corrected, and the system time is synchronized with the network time based on the loaded real-time clock.

[0013] In one possible design approach, power generation and environmental parameters are used as monitoring data inputs to a pre-set fault diagnosis model for analysis, and a fault warning is generated when an anomaly is detected, including: Logs of communication disconnections and parameter anomalies are recorded using a real-time clock; The real-time collected monitoring data is input into the fault diagnosis model, and fault classification is performed based on multi-dimensional feature vectors; When a potential fault is predicted, an early warning signal is generated and the network namespace where the faulty device is located is identified.

[0014] The second aspect of this application provides a communication management device for photovoltaic power stations based on power line carrier communication, the device comprising: The power supply and initialization unit is used to identify system power parameters and adaptively connect to 220V AC or 380V AC power supply according to the system power parameters through a dual voltage input circuit, as well as load the network driver and real-time clock of the embedded operating system. The network virtualization management unit is used to allocate independent network stacks to photovoltaic inverter groups and configure network devices, IP addresses and routing tables by utilizing the network namespace mechanism of the embedded operating system to isolate network resources between different photovoltaic inverter groups. The data acquisition and carrier communication unit is used to acquire the operating data of multiple strings of photovoltaic panels using a non-contact inductive coupling method, amplify and level-convert the electrical signals corresponding to the acquired operating data using a power line carrier power amplifier circuit, and transmit the operating data to the centralized management device through a transmission layer security protocol. The load balancing and protocol conversion unit is used to run a kernel load balancer in the centralized management device to receive data requests, distribute data requests to the backend photovoltaic data server cluster based on a preset scheduling strategy, and perform the conversion between the photovoltaic device's private protocol and the scheduling platform's standard protocol. The intelligent monitoring and control unit is used to monitor the power generation and environmental parameters of the photovoltaic system in real time. It inputs the power generation and environmental parameters as monitoring data into a preset fault diagnosis model for analysis, generates fault warnings when an anomaly is detected, and adjusts the photovoltaic electric field parameters through the control interface.

[0015] A third aspect of this application provides an electronic device, comprising: A processor and a memory; the memory is used to store code instructions; the processor is used to run the code instructions, causing the electronic device to perform the photovoltaic power station communication management method based on power line carrier as described in the first aspect.

[0016] Beneficial effects: This application provides a communication management method, device, and equipment for photovoltaic power stations based on power line carrier. It overcomes the limitations of a single power supply by adaptively connecting to 220V or 380V power supply through a dual-voltage input circuit. A virtualized isolation environment is constructed using the network namespace mechanism of an embedded operating system, enabling logical segmentation of network resources among inverter groups. High signal-to-noise ratio signal acquisition and transmission are achieved through non-contact inductive coupling combined with carrier power amplifier technology, without requiring power outages or wire stripping. A kernel-level load balancer and dynamic scheduling strategy are introduced to efficiently handle massive concurrent data, eliminating data congestion bottlenecks. Communication barriers between devices and platforms are broken down through heterogeneous protocol conversion. Real-time monitoring and fault diagnosis models are integrated to achieve proactive fault warning and precise fault location. Closed-loop control dynamically optimizes electric field parameters, significantly improving the intelligent operation and maintenance level and power generation efficiency of photovoltaic power stations. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a photovoltaic power station communication management method based on power line carrier according to an embodiment of this application.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic power station communication management device based on power line carrier according to an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic power station communication management device based on power line carrier according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware architecture of a photovoltaic power station communication management device based on power line carrier according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, this application embodiment provides a photovoltaic power station communication management method based on power line carrier, including steps S101 to S105: S101 identifies system power parameters and adaptively connects to 220V AC or 380V AC power supply according to the system power parameters through a dual voltage input circuit, as well as loading the network driver and real-time clock of the embedded operating system.

[0023] In actual photovoltaic power plant deployment scenarios, the power supply environment is complex and variable. Some older power plants or small residential photovoltaic systems use 220V single-phase alternating current (AC), while large industrial and commercial power plants or centralized ground-mounted power plants generally use 380V three-phase AC. Traditional communication management units usually require an external power adapter or only support a single voltage input, resulting in the need for additional power cable laying or transformer equipment replacement during on-site construction. This step achieves "plug-and-play" wide-range power access through adaptive design at the hardware level. Specifically, step S101 includes the following sub-steps S1011 to S1014: S1011 receives the input voltage through the power input terminal ABCN interface, and connects the A phase line to the live wire when a 220V AC input is detected.

[0024] The power input interface of the management equipment is designed as a four-wire terminal (ABCN), corresponding to phases A, B, and C of a three-phase power supply, and the neutral wire (N). In the circuit design, a mechanical switching switch is not used at the input; instead, the inherent characteristics of the rectifier bridge are utilized for adaptive operation. When the input is 380V three-phase power, phases A, B, and C are all connected to the circuit, and the DC bus voltage is obtained through the three-phase full-bridge rectifier circuit. When the input is 220V single-phase power, the on-site installer only needs to connect the 220V live wire to the phase A terminal (or any designated phase terminal), and the neutral wire to the N terminal. The internal detection circuit of this communication management equipment monitors the voltage amplitude and phase sequence of the input terminals in real time. If an effective voltage difference is detected only between the power input terminals AN, and the effective voltage value is within the range of 198V-242V, it is determined to be a 220V single-phase input mode; if a 380V line voltage is detected between AB, BC, and CA, it is determined to be a 380V three-phase input mode. Regardless of the mode, the back-end circuit can work normally without software intervention or manual DIP switches, greatly simplifying the on-site wiring work.

[0025] S1012 uses a two-stage EMI circuit to filter the input voltage, where the withstand voltage of capacitor X is set to be greater than or equal to 537V to match the peak voltage of the 380V AC input.

[0026] The electromagnetic environment at photovoltaic power plant sites is harsh; inverter switching operations generate significant high-frequency noise, and lightning surges are also frequent. To ensure the power purity and electromagnetic compatibility (EMI) of the communication management equipment, this embodiment incorporates a rigorous two-stage EMI filtering circuit before rectification.

[0027] This two-stage EMI circuit includes a front-stage common-mode inductor, a rear-stage differential-mode inductor, and X and Y capacitors used in conjunction. The X capacitor is connected between the live and neutral wires (or phase wires) to filter differential-mode interference. In a traditional 220V power supply environment, the X capacitor typically uses a 275V AC or 310V AC withstand voltage rating. However, in the scenario where this application supports 380V AC input, its peak line voltage can reach... If capacitors with traditional withstand voltage values ​​are used, they are highly susceptible to breakdown and short circuits under high voltage input, leading to equipment damage or even fire. Therefore, this embodiment creatively sets the withstand voltage of the X capacitor to no less than 537V (e.g., using a 550V AC or higher safety specification capacitor), ensuring that the capacitor still operates in the Safe Operating Area (SOA) under the peak voltage of a 380V three-phase power supply, significantly improving the overvoltage resistance and reliability of the power module.

[0028] S1013 uses a high-frequency flyback transformer to step down the input voltage and generate a primary power output.

[0029] The high-voltage DC power (approximately 310V DC with a 220V input and approximately 540V DC with a 380V input) after rectification and filtering enters the power conversion stage. This embodiment employs a high-frequency flyback topology, which offers advantages such as circuit simplicity, input-output isolation, and a wide input voltage range.

[0030] To ensure stable operation and prevent magnetic saturation of the transformer across such a wide input voltage range (e.g., from a minimum of 176V AC to a maximum of 450VAC), the number of primary turns of the high-frequency flyback transformer is calculated based on the minimum input voltage, maximum duty cycle, operating magnetic flux density, effective core cross-sectional area, and switching frequency. This ensures that the core remains unsaturated and the duty cycle remains within a preset range under a wide input range of 380V AC and 220VAC. The specific calculation process is as follows: Let the minimum input voltage be (DC), maximum duty cycle is The change in the working magnetic flux density of the magnetic core is The effective cross-sectional area of ​​the magnetic core is The switching frequency is Number of turns in the primary winding The formula derived from Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction must be satisfied: in, This is the DC value after rectification to determine the minimum AC voltage required for system compatibility. For example, if the minimum supported AC input is 85V, then... . The value is usually set between 0.45 and 0.5 to prevent the flyback converter from entering continuous conduction mode (CCM) too deeply, which could lead to a zero point problem in the right half plane. This margin needs to be left. The value is typically between 0.2T and 0.3T, and needs to be lower than the saturation magnetic flux density of the ferrite core. (Typically 0.39T) This is to prevent the magnetic core from saturating, which could cause a sudden drop in inductance and a surge in current, leading to a blowout. To reduce the size of the transformer, a high-frequency switching frequency of 65kHz or 100kHz is used in this communication management equipment.

[0031] The transformer calculated and wound using the above formula is designed to ensure that the energy stored in the primary inductor under dual voltage input is sufficient to generate a stable power output on the secondary side, such as 12V or 24V, for the primary power supply output.

[0032] The S1014 converts the primary power output into secondary power through a step-down topology, and uses a low-dropout linear regulator to supply power to the system-level equipment and various peripheral components.

[0033] The primary power supply (e.g., 12V) serves as the main bus voltage, which is converted to intermediate voltages such as 5V and 3.3V using an efficient DC-DC buck converter. To further reduce the impact of power supply ripple on high-precision analog circuits (such as the carrier receiving circuit described later) and sensitive digital circuits (such as the CPU core), a low dropout regulator (LDO) is used in the final stage power supply.

[0034] LDOs have extremely low noise characteristics. This communication management device independently powers the following modules through multiple LDOs: Core board power supply: Powers the ARM / RISC-V processor, DDR memory, and Flash storage, requiring voltage ripple to be less than 30mV.

[0035] Power supply for peripheral components: Powers the Ethernet PHY chip, Wi-Fi module, LTE communication module, and RS485 interface chip.

[0036] Analog circuit power supply: Provides a clean power supply with ultra-low noise for the ADC sampling circuit and operational amplifier.

[0037] After the power supply is established stably, the device reset circuit is released, the bootloader starts, and then loads the embedded Linux operating system kernel, initializes the network driver and the real-time clock (RTC) module, and prepares for subsequent steps.

[0038] S102 utilizes the network namespace mechanism of the embedded operating system to allocate independent network stacks to photovoltaic inverter groups and configure network devices, IP addresses, and routing tables to isolate network resources between different photovoltaic inverter groups.

[0039] As photovoltaic power plants expand in scale, a single communication management device may need to connect hundreds of inverters. If all devices are in the same flat network, a broadcast storm or ARP spoofing attack on one device will paralyze the entire network. While traditional VLAN technology can isolate devices, it is complex to configure and relies on switch hardware. This application creatively utilizes the lightweight virtualization technology built into the Linux kernel—Network Namespace (netns)—to achieve logical isolation at the operating system level. Step S102 specifically includes the following sub-steps S1021 to S1023: The S1021 creates multiple network namespaces at the kernel level of the embedded operating system and configures independent firewall rules for each network namespace.

[0040] After the embedded operating system boots, the management program, based on the configuration file or the automatically discovered device topology, calls Linux kernel system calls (such as clone() with the CLONE_NEWNET flag, or the ip netns add command) to create multiple network namespaces, such as ns_group1, ns_group2, etc. Each network namespace has a completely independent copy of the network protocol stack, including: Independent network interfaces: such as veth virtual network adapter pairs.

[0041] Independent routing tables: determine the forwarding path of data packets.

[0042] A separate ARP table: to prevent ARP conflicts.

[0043] Independent Netfilter / iptables firewall rules: Security policies can be configured separately for each group, for example, blocking devices in group 1 from accessing the Internet, but allowing devices in group 2 to access it.

[0044] S1022 maps each inverter in the photovoltaic inverter group to the corresponding network namespace. When a fault is detected in an inverter, the scope of the fault impact is limited to the current network namespace.

[0045] At the physical layer, inverters may be connected through different ports of the Ethernet switching chip. This communication management device utilizes veth pair technology to map traffic from physical ports to specific namespaces. For example, inverter group A corresponding to physical port eth0.1 is moved to ns_group1.

[0046] When an inverter in group A sends a large number of abnormal broadcast packets due to a firmware bug, these packets can only propagate within ns_group1 and cannot cross namespace boundaries to reach the root namespace or other group namespaces. This achieves strict fault isolation and ensures the stability of the core services of the management device (running in the root namespace).

[0047] S1023 allows for the temporary addition or removal of network devices to a specific network namespace through a kernel interface call mechanism, without restarting the embedded operating system, based on maintenance needs.

[0048] During power plant operation, capacity expansion or equipment replacement is frequently required. Traditional management machines may require a reboot to reassign IPs or apply configurations. This embodiment supports hot-swapping and dynamic configuration. Maintenance personnel input the target device identifier (e.g., eth1) and target namespace identifier (e.g., ns_group2) as input parameters through the management interface. After receiving the command, the system parses the parameters and calls the kernel's netlink socket interface (or executes the ip link set command) to unbind the specified physical network interface from the root namespace's device list and remount it to the target namespace ns_group2's device list. This process modifies the pointers in the kernel's network device table, eliminating the need to reinitialize the entire network protocol stack, thus achieving hot migration without interrupting services.

[0049] S103 uses a non-contact inductive coupling method to collect operating data from multiple strings of photovoltaic panels. It uses a power line carrier power amplifier circuit to amplify and level-convert the electrical signals corresponding to the collected operating data, and transmits the operating data to the centralized management device through a transmission layer security protocol.

[0050] Traditional data acquisition often requires stripping photovoltaic DC cables or AC combiner cables to connect Hall sensors or shunts, which is dangerous and time-consuming. This step uses non-contact power line communication (PLC) technology, utilizing the power line itself as the data transmission medium. Step S103 specifically includes the following sub-steps S1031 to S1033: S1031 uses a coil with a spiral structure formed by winding a magnetic material core to non-contactly insert into the output cable of multiple strings of photovoltaic panels.

[0051] The data acquisition device (wired coupler) is designed with a snap-fit ​​structure (split-core). Its core component is a high-permeability magnetic core (such as a manganese-zinc ferrite or nanocrystalline magnetic core), which is divided into two halves and can be opened and closed. A helical coil is wound on the magnetic core.

[0052] During installation, maintenance personnel do not need to disconnect the power; they simply need to open the clips and attach the coupler to the positive and negative output cables of the photovoltaic module or the AC output line of the string inverter. This coupler functions as a high-frequency transformer, with the power line as the primary winding (single turn) and the spiral coil as the secondary winding.

[0053] S1032 is a communication signal that senses the operating data based on the principles of electromagnetic induction and mutual inductance.

[0054] The micro-inverters or optimizers at the photovoltaic module end modulate operating data such as voltage, current, and temperature into high-frequency carrier signals, typically in the kHz to MHz frequency band, such as the 2MHz-12MHz band of High Performance Power Line Communication (HPLC). These high-frequency signals are superimposed on DC or AC power and transmitted over the power line.

[0055] Based on the principle of mutual inductance, the changing alternating magnetic field induces a corresponding electromotive force in the spiral coil of the coupler, thereby extracting high-frequency communication signals from the high-voltage power line, realizing physical isolation between strong and weak currents, and ensuring the safety of equipment and personnel.

[0056] S1033 inputs the sensed communication signal to the power line carrier power amplifier circuit, controls the output power through a negative feedback adjustment mechanism to ensure that the total harmonic distortion of the communication signal is less than the preset distortion threshold, and performs gain processing on the transmitting signal to make the differential gain reach the preset gain value.

[0057] The induced signal is often very weak and accompanied by a lot of noise. The signal first enters the analog front end (AFE), and after bandpass filtering, it enters the power line carrier power amplifier circuit.

[0058] This power amplifier circuit is not merely a simple amplifier; it also requires high linearity. This embodiment employs a Class AB or high-linearity Class D amplifier structure and introduces a deep voltage negative feedback mechanism. The negative feedback not only stabilizes the gain but also corrects the nonlinear characteristics of the transistors.

[0059] Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) < 0.05%: This means that the signal purity is extremely high and there are very few high-order harmonic components. This is crucial for modulation techniques that are sensitive to phase and frequency, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, and can significantly reduce the bit error rate.

[0060] The differential gain reaches 15.7dB: This is a precisely calculated and tuned gain value. In the transmitting direction, this communication management device needs to couple query commands to the power line. The 15.7dB gain ensures that the signal transmission distance covers the entire photovoltaic array (typically several hundred meters) without causing clipping distortion or EMI interference to the external radio environment due to excessive signal strength.

[0061] At the data transmission layer, in order to prevent data from being eavesdropped on or tampered with (data from photovoltaic power plants involves grid security), this communication management device uses Transport Layer Security (TLS 1.2 / 1.3) to encrypt and encapsulate the data, establishing a secure tunnel between the management device and the inverter.

[0062] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, after transmitting the operational data to the centralized management device via a transport layer security protocol, the method further includes: S1034 configures multi-mode internet access and detects the current network connection status. When network transmission via Ethernet interface, Wi-Fi module or LTE communication module is interrupted, it automatically triggers the breakpoint resume mechanism. S1035: The collected running data is temporarily stored in the local cache area, and the cached data will be uploaded first after the network is restored; S1036 periodically corrects system clock deviations, using the loaded real-time clock as a reference to achieve system and network time synchronization.

[0063] This mechanism solves the problem of unstable network conditions at outdoor base stations. The communication management device internally maintains a local cache queue based on SQLite or an embedded time-series database. When a 4G / 5G signal interruption is detected, data is written to local Flash storage. Once the network is restored, a background daemon automatically starts the upload task. Simultaneously, a time synchronization mechanism based on NTP (Network Time Protocol) and a local high-precision RTC chip (error less than 5ppm) ensures that the communication management device is synchronized with the network time, guaranteeing the accuracy of the timestamps for all retransmitted data and preventing time-series errors during data analysis.

[0064] S104 runs a kernel load balancer in the centralized management device to receive data requests, distributes the data requests to the backend photovoltaic data server cluster based on the preset scheduling strategy, and performs the conversion between the photovoltaic device's private protocol and the scheduling platform's standard protocol.

[0065] In a centralized management architecture, management devices connect to a scheduling cloud platform and manage a massive number of devices. When the scheduling platform issues high-concurrency query commands (such as a full-site inspection every 15 minutes), or when a large number of inverters report data simultaneously, single-process processing can easily become a bottleneck. This embodiment introduces enterprise-level load balancing technology. Step S104 specifically includes the following sub-steps S1041 to S1043: S1041, the IPVS load balancer located in the photovoltaic communication system scheduling layer is enabled as the kernel load balancer, and cross-network segment communication is achieved through IP tunnel encapsulation technology.

[0066] This communication management device enables the IPVS (IP Virtual Server) module in the Linux kernel. IPVS runs in kernel space, and compared to user-space load balancers such as Nginx, its forwarding efficiency is extremely high. It not only consumes less CPU resources, but can also handle millions of concurrent connections.

[0067] For large power plants spanning multiple network segments, this communication management device employs IP tunneling (such as IPIP or GRE). The management device acts as a load balancer (Director), exposing a virtual IP address (VIP). When a request reaches the VIP, the Director encapsulates the original IP packet into a new IP packet and sends it to the backend real server (RealServer, referring to data processing service instances running on different containers or boards within the management device).

[0068] S1042 receives data requests from the monitoring terminal and calculates the real-time load of each photovoltaic data server in the backend photovoltaic data server cluster based on the real-time connection count and response time using either a weighted round-robin strategy or a least-connections strategy. Weighted Round Robin (WRR) is suitable for situations where backend processing capabilities are uneven. For example, core processing units with strong processing capabilities are assigned a weight of 5, while auxiliary processing units are assigned a weight of 1.

[0069] Least Connection (LC): Dynamically assigns new requests to the service instance with the fewest active connections, preventing one service from being "overloaded" while other services are "idle".

[0070] For the least connections strategy, the kernel load balancer reads the current active connection counters of each backend server. Let the set of servers be... The current number of connections is Algorithm selection Make If multiple servers have the same minimum number of connections, a weighted minimum connection scheduling method is further used, based on a weighted value (preset based on server CPU frequency and memory size), to ensure that requests are assigned to the node with the most available processing capacity.

[0071] S1043 distributes data requests to the photovoltaic data server with the lowest load based on the calculation results, and loads the protocol stack and driver as needed to complete the conversion between the photovoltaic device's private protocol and the scheduling platform's standard protocol.

[0072] The selected backend service instance receives the request and performs protocol parsing. There are many photovoltaic inverter manufacturers (such as Huawei, Sungrow, and Ginlong), and their protocols vary (private Modbus, private encrypted TCP, etc.). This communication management device has a powerful built-in protocol library. "On-demand loading" refers to the plug-in architecture adopted by this communication management device.

[0073] The core of the conversion is to map private register addresses to the power industry standard IEC 61850 model, IEC104 protocol or MQTT IoT protocol format, thereby enabling the dispatching platform to have transparent access to the underlying devices.

[0074] S105 monitors the power generation and environmental parameters of the photovoltaic system in real time, inputs the power generation and environmental parameters as monitoring data into a preset fault diagnosis model for analysis, generates fault warnings when an anomaly is detected, and adjusts the photovoltaic electric field parameters through the control interface.

[0075] The focus has shifted from "passive monitoring" to "proactive maintenance." Step S105 specifically includes the following sub-steps S1051 to S1053: S1051 uses a real-time clock to log communication disconnections and parameter anomalies.

[0076] Using the RTC loaded by S101, this communication management device timestamps each communication timeout and data over-limit (such as overvoltage) event to the millisecond, forming an unalterable operation log.

[0077] S1052 inputs real-time collected monitoring data into the fault diagnosis model and analyzes potential faults based on multi-dimensional feature mapping.

[0078] The pre-built fault diagnosis model employs a decision tree algorithm (or a lightweight random forest algorithm) based on multi-dimensional feature classification. The model's construction and execution process is as follows: Receive a feature vector ,in DC voltage It is direct current. This represents the current actual power. For real-time irradiance, For the component backsheet temperature, For the most recent The current variance over a sampling period (used to characterize volatility).

[0079] Internally, it contains multiple pre-trained discrimination nodes. For example, the root node determines the "theoretical power". With actual power "Whether the deviation is greater than a preset threshold (e.g., 15%)"; if it passes, the secondary node further judges "current variance". "Is it greater than the arc characteristic threshold?" Smaller and voltage If the descent is in a stepped pattern, it is considered "shadow occlusion"; if If the fluctuations are severe and accompanied by high-frequency noise components, it is determined to be "DC arcing".

[0080] Output the specific fault classification label and the corresponding confidence probability. This association is determined through supervised learning training based on a large amount of historical photovoltaic operating data (IV characteristic curve samples) labeled with fault types.

[0081] S1053 generates an early warning signal and locates the network namespace where the faulty device is located when a potential fault is predicted.

[0082] If the model determines that the problem is "shading" or "dust cover", a minor alarm will be generated; if it determines that the problem is "DC arcing" or "MPPT fault", a serious alarm will be generated.

[0083] The alarm message includes not only the device ID but also the network namespace information it belongs to (configured by S102). This allows maintenance personnel to quickly determine whether the problem is a network-level configuration issue or a physical device failure.

[0084] Meanwhile, this communication management device can adjust the photovoltaic electric field parameters through the control interface (GPIO, RS485 command issuance). For example, when the grid voltage is detected to be too high, it automatically issues a reactive power adjustment command (QV curve control) to allow the inverter to absorb reactive power, reduce the PCC point voltage, and ensure continuous grid-connected power generation.

[0085] In summary, this embodiment achieves a deep integration of hardware and software. On the hardware side, it solves the power supply problem using dual-voltage adaptive circuits and high-specification EMI design, and solves the installation problem using non-contact carrier coupling. On the software side, it solves the security isolation problem using embedded Linux network namespaces and solves the high-concurrency scheduling problem using IPVS. At the application layer, it solves the passive operation and maintenance problem using intelligent models.

[0086] like Figure 2 As shown, this application provides a photovoltaic power station communication management device based on power line carrier, including: The power supply and initialization unit 201 is used to identify system power parameters and adaptively connect to 220V AC or 380V AC power supply according to the system power parameters through a dual voltage input circuit, as well as load the network driver and real-time clock of the embedded operating system. The network virtualization management unit 202 is used to allocate independent network stacks to photovoltaic inverter groups and configure network devices, IP addresses and routing tables by utilizing the network namespace mechanism of the embedded operating system to isolate network resources between different photovoltaic inverter groups. The data acquisition and carrier communication unit 203 is used to acquire the operating data of multiple strings of photovoltaic panels using a non-contact inductive coupling method, amplify and level-convert the electrical signals corresponding to the acquired operating data using a power line carrier power amplifier circuit, and transmit the operating data to the centralized management device through a transmission layer security protocol. The load balancing and protocol conversion unit 204 is used to run a kernel load balancer in the centralized management device to receive data requests, distribute the data requests to the backend photovoltaic data server cluster based on a preset scheduling strategy, and perform the conversion between the photovoltaic device's private protocol and the scheduling platform's standard protocol. The intelligent monitoring and control unit 205 is used to monitor the power generation and environmental parameters of the photovoltaic system in real time, input the power generation and environmental parameters as monitoring data into a preset fault diagnosis model for analysis, generate fault warnings when an anomaly is detected, and adjust the photovoltaic electric field parameters through the control interface.

[0087] The photovoltaic power station communication management device based on power line carrier provided in this application embodiment can execute the above-mentioned method and technical solution. Its principle and beneficial effects are similar, and will not be described again here.

[0088] like Figure 3 As shown, this is an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. The electronic device includes: The memory 301 and the processor 302 communicate with each other via a communication bus 303.

[0089] The memory 301 is used to store code instructions.

[0090] The processor 302 is used to run the code instructions, causing the electronic device to execute the photovoltaic power station communication management method based on power line carrier provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0091] The aforementioned communication bus 303 can be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. This communication bus 303 can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is used in the figure, but this does not indicate that there is only one bus or one type of bus. The communication interface is used for communication between the aforementioned terminal and other devices. The memory 301 can include random access memory (RAM), or it can include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device. Optionally, the memory 301 can also be at least one storage device located remotely from the aforementioned processor 302.

[0092] The processor 302 mentioned above can be a general-purpose processor, including a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), etc.; it can also be a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components.

[0093] To further illustrate the hardware implementation details of the device described in this application in a real industrial setting, the following is in conjunction with the appendix to the specification. Figure 4 This document describes in detail a hardware operation example of a photovoltaic power station communication management device based on power line carrier.

[0094] like Figure 4 As shown, this photovoltaic power station communication management device based on power line carrier employs a highly integrated hardware architecture. The core control section consists of the Cortex-A7 processor / network expansion chip and its peripheral circuits, as shown in the figure. This device achieves centralized management of the photovoltaic power station through the following hardware coordination mechanism: During the power supply and initialization phase (corresponding to method step S101), the device's power input terminal is connected to the 220VAC / 380VAC mains interface shown in the upper left corner of the diagram. The device's integrated discrete power supply circuit, along with the primary and secondary power supply modules, constructs a wide-range voltage adaptive system. When connected to 380V three-phase power, these power supply modules automatically perform rectification and multi-stage voltage reduction, providing a stable operating voltage for the Cortex-A7 processor, embedded memory, and double-data-rate synchronous dynamic random access memory, without manual intervention or external transformers. Simultaneously, the real-time clock circuit shown in the diagram operates independently, providing the device with a high-precision reference time, ensuring time synchronization between the device and the devices in groups A to G connected downstream.

[0095] During the network construction and isolation phase (corresponding to method step S102), the Cortex-A7 processor runs an embedded operating system and enables the network namespace mechanism. The processor maps the physical channels connecting the B group HPLC monitors to an independent virtual network space. Similarly, it maps the string inverter cluster connected via the Modbus / RJ45 interface to another isolated space. This logical isolation based on hardware-level drivers ensures that when a network storm occurs in the area where the F group HPLC monitors are located, the Cortex-A7 processor of this device can restrict it locally through firewall rules, ensuring the normal transmission of data from other photovoltaic panels such as A1, A2, and A3.

[0096] In the signal acquisition and communication stage (corresponding to method step S103), this device utilizes Figure 4 The coupler shown on the right is connected to the power line in a non-contact, inductive manner. The power line carrier amplifier circuit, as the core hardware for signal enhancement, amplifies and shapes the weak carrier signals from the HPLC monitors in groups A to G with high gain (15.7dB), eliminating noise interference during long-distance transmission and delivering clear digital signals to the Cortex-A7 processor. Furthermore, the device directly reads the operating parameters of the string inverter via the Modbus / RJ45 interface, enabling concurrent acquisition of multi-protocol data.

[0097] During the data processing and scheduling phase (corresponding to method step S104), the Cortex-A7 processor invokes the kernel load balancing program (IPVS) in embedded memory to schedule massive concurrent data. Based on real-time load conditions, the processor dynamically allocates computing resources to parse the HPLC proprietary protocol and the Modbus standard protocol, and uploads the converted, standardized data through a network extension interface.

[0098] During the intelligent monitoring phase (corresponding to method step S105), this device utilizes the edge computing capabilities of the Cortex-A7 processor, combined with the timestamp of the real-time clock circuit, to perform real-time analysis of the collected voltage, current, and power data. Once the data characteristics returned by the D-group HPLC monitor match the fault model (such as DC arcing), the device immediately generates a control command with precise location information and sends it to the corresponding device via the power line carrier power amplifier circuit, achieving a millisecond-level safety response.

[0099] Through the aforementioned hardware architecture, this device integrates functions such as power adaptive, network virtualization isolation, and anti-interference communication, effectively solving the problems of low integration and poor anti-interference in existing photovoltaic management equipment.

[0100] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program / instructions thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the method disclosed in this application.

[0101] This application also provides a computer program product that, when run on an electronic device, causes a processor to execute the steps in the method disclosed in this application.

[0102] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0103] This application describes embodiments with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatuses, electronic devices, and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It should be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing terminal device to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing terminal device, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0104] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing terminal device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0105] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing terminal equipment, causing a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable terminal equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable terminal equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0106] Although preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0107] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or terminal device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or terminal device that includes said element.

[0108] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A communication management method for photovoltaic power stations based on power line carrier communication, characterized in that, The method includes: The system identifies the power parameters and adaptively connects to 220VAC or 380V AC power supply according to the system power parameters through a dual voltage input circuit, as well as loading the network driver and real-time clock of the embedded operating system. By utilizing the network namespace mechanism of the embedded operating system, an independent network stack is allocated to the photovoltaic inverter group, and network devices, IP addresses, and routing tables are configured to isolate network resources between different photovoltaic inverter groups. The operation data of multiple strings of photovoltaic panels is collected using a non-contact inductive coupling method. The electrical signal corresponding to the collected operation data is amplified and level-converted using a power line carrier power amplifier circuit. The operation data is then transmitted to a centralized management device through a transmission layer security protocol. A kernel load balancer runs in the centralized management device to receive data requests, distributes the data requests to the backend photovoltaic data server cluster based on a preset scheduling strategy, and performs the conversion between the photovoltaic device's private protocol and the scheduling platform's standard protocol. The system monitors the power generation and environmental parameters of the photovoltaic system in real time, inputs the power generation and environmental parameters as monitoring data into a preset fault diagnosis model for analysis, generates fault warnings when an anomaly is detected, and adjusts the photovoltaic electric field parameters through a control interface.

2. The photovoltaic power station communication management method based on power line carrier as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The identification system power parameters, and the adaptive connection to 220V AC or 380V AC power supply based on the system power parameters via a dual-voltage input circuit, include: The input voltage is received through the ABCN interface of the power input terminal, and when a 220V AC input is detected, the A phase line is connected to the live wire. The input voltage is filtered using a two-stage EMI circuit, wherein the withstand voltage of capacitor X is set to be greater than or equal to 537V to match the peak voltage of the 380V AC input. The input voltage is stepped down using a high-frequency flyback transformer to generate a primary power output; The primary power supply output is converted into a secondary power supply through a step-down topology, and a low-dropout linear regulator is used to supply power to the system level and to different peripheral components respectively.

3. The photovoltaic power station communication management method based on power line carrier as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The number of primary turns of the high-frequency flyback transformer is calculated and determined based on the minimum value of the input voltage, the maximum duty cycle, the working magnetic flux density, the effective cross-sectional area of ​​the magnetic core, and the switching frequency, to ensure that the magnetic core is not saturated and the duty cycle is within the preset range under a wide input range of 380V AC and 220V AC.

4. The photovoltaic power station communication management method based on power line carrier as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method of allocating independent network stacks for photovoltaic inverter groups using the network namespace mechanism of the embedded operating system includes: Multiple network namespaces are created at the kernel level of the embedded operating system, and independent firewall rules are configured for each network namespace; Each inverter in the photovoltaic inverter group is mapped to the corresponding network namespace. When a fault is detected in one of the inverters, the impact of the fault is limited to the current network namespace. Based on maintenance needs, network devices can be temporarily added or removed to a specific network namespace through a dynamic loading mechanism without restarting the system.

5. The photovoltaic power station communication management method based on power line carrier as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of running a kernel load balancer in the centralized management device to receive data requests includes: The IPVS load balancer located in the photovoltaic communication system scheduling layer is enabled as the kernel load balancer, and cross-network segment communication is achieved through IP tunnel encapsulation technology. The system receives data requests from monitoring terminals and uses a weighted round-robin strategy or a least-connection strategy to calculate the real-time load of each photovoltaic data server in the backend photovoltaic data server cluster. Based on the calculation results, the data request is distributed to the photovoltaic data server with the lowest load, and the protocol stack and driver are loaded as needed to complete the conversion between the photovoltaic device's private protocol and the scheduling platform's standard protocol.

6. The photovoltaic power station communication management method based on power line carrier as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method of acquiring operating data from multiple strings of photovoltaic panels using non-contact inductive coupling includes: A coil with a spiral structure formed by winding a magnetic material core is inserted into the output cable of the multi-string photovoltaic panel in a non-contact manner. The communication signal corresponding to the operating data is sensed based on the principles of electromagnetic induction and mutual inductance. The sensed communication signal is input to the power line carrier power amplifier circuit, and the output power is controlled by a negative feedback adjustment mechanism to ensure that the total harmonic distortion of the communication signal is less than a preset distortion threshold. The signal at the transmitting end is also processed to make the differential gain reach a preset gain value.

7. The photovoltaic power station communication management method based on power line carrier as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After transmitting the operational data to the centralized management device via a transport layer security protocol, the method further includes: Configure multi-mode Internet access and detect the current network connection status. When network transmission via Ethernet interface, Wi-Fi module or LTE communication module is interrupted, automatically trigger the breakpoint resume mechanism. The collected operational data is temporarily stored in a local cache, and the cached data will be uploaded first after the network is restored; The system clock deviation is periodically corrected, and the system time is synchronized with the network time based on the time of the loaded real-time clock.

8. The photovoltaic power station communication management method based on power line carrier as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of inputting the power generation and environmental parameters as monitoring data into a pre-set fault diagnosis model for analysis, and generating a fault warning when an anomaly is detected, includes: The real-time clock is used to record logs of communication disconnections and parameter anomalies; The real-time collected monitoring data is input into the fault diagnosis model, and fault classification is performed based on multi-dimensional feature vectors; When a potential fault is predicted, an early warning signal is generated and the network namespace where the faulty device is located is identified.

9. A photovoltaic power station communication management device based on power line carrier, used to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The device includes: The power supply and initialization unit is used to identify system power parameters and adaptively connect to 220V AC or 380V AC power supply according to the system power parameters through the dual voltage input circuit, as well as load the network driver and the real-time clock of the embedded operating system. The network virtualization management unit is used to allocate independent network stacks to the photovoltaic inverter groups using the network namespace mechanism of the embedded operating system, and to configure the network devices, IP addresses and routing tables to isolate network resources between different photovoltaic inverter groups. The data acquisition and carrier communication unit is used to acquire the operating data of the multiple strings of photovoltaic panels using a non-contact inductive coupling method, amplify and level-convert the electrical signal corresponding to the acquired operating data using the power line carrier power amplifier circuit, and transmit the operating data to the centralized management device through the transmission layer security protocol. The load balancing and protocol conversion unit is used to run the kernel load balancer in the centralized management device to receive the data request, allocate the data request to the backend photovoltaic data server cluster based on the preset scheduling strategy, and perform the conversion between the photovoltaic device private protocol and the scheduling platform standard protocol. The intelligent monitoring and control unit is used to monitor the power generation and environmental parameters of the photovoltaic system in real time, input the power generation and environmental parameters as monitoring data into the preset fault diagnosis model for analysis, generate fault warnings when an anomaly is detected, and adjust the photovoltaic electric field parameters through the control interface.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: Processor and memory; the memory is used to store code instructions; The processor is used to run the code instructions, causing the electronic device to perform the photovoltaic power station communication management method based on power line carrier as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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